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Aim: To evaluate the role of lumbar sacralization (LS) on the surgical outcomes of L4-L5 microdiscectomy. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a university referral hospital. The patients with L4-L5 disc herniation and eligible for microdiscectomy were enrolled and allocated in G1 (with LS) and G2 (no LS). After the L4-L5 microdiscectomy patients were followed, clinical and radiological parameters were collected to investigate the influence on the outcomes. Recurrence, low back outcome score (LBOS), and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were defined as main outcomes. Results: Two hundred and forty patients (n = 120, each), were reviewed in the final analysis. There was no difference between groups regarding baseline characteristics. Postoperative radicular and back pain was more severe in LS(P

Abstract This study investigated the use of heat-activated persulfate (HAP) as a chemical oxidation technique for removing tinidazole (TNZ) antibiotic from aqueous solutions. The impact of various operating parameters, including TNZ initial concentration (20 μM), persulfate (PS) initial dose (0.2–2 mM), solution pH (3–11), solution temperature (20–60 °C), and reaction time (10–120 min), was examined. The results indicated that sulfate radicals were the primary species responsible for TNZ degradation. Higher temperatures and PS concentrations improved the process, while higher pH values and TNZ initial concentrations slowed it down. Additionally, chloride and bicarbonate ions reduced reaction rates, with chloride ions having a more significant effect. Under optimal conditions (including [TNZ]0 = 20 μM, pH = 7, [PS]0 = 1 mM, temperature = 60 °C, and reaction time = 120 min), the removal efficiency achieved was 91.15%, with a mineralization rate of 85.8%. These results suggest that the process is relatively safe. The degradation of TNZ was best described by the pseudo-first-order model compared to other models. Additionally, the process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous, with a negative Gibbs free energy change indicating that it is thermodynamically feasible. The study found HAP to be an effective and cost-efficient technique for removing TNZ antibiotic due to its ease of operation and the absence of the need for additional chemicals or waste handling. Based on these findings, HAP can be considered an advanced oxidation technique for treating antibiotic-contaminated water.

Abstract Physical, social, and routine environments can be challenging for learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental disorder caused by neurological problems. In schools and educational environments, this disorder may not only hinder a child’s learning, but also lead to more crises and mental convulsions. In order to teach students with ASD, it is essential to understand the impact of their learning environment on their interaction and behavior. Different methods have been used to diagnose ASD in the past, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Research into ASD diagnostics has largely focused on machine learning algorithms and strategies rather than diagnostic methods. This article discusses many diagnostic techniques used in the ASD literature, such as neuroimaging, speech recordings, facial features, and EEG signals. This has led us to conclude that in schools and educational settings, autism can be diagnosed cheaply, quickly, and accurately through face analysis. To facilitate and speed up the processing of facial information among children in educational settings, we applied the AlexNet architecture designed for edge computing. A fast method for detecting autism spectrum disorders from the face can be applied to educational settings using this structure. While we have investigated a variety of methods, the face can provide us with appropriate information about the disorder. In addition, it can produce more interpretive features. In order to help students in schools who are suffering from this disease, key factors must be considered: potential clinical and therapeutic situations, efficiency, predictability, privacy protection, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and lack of methodological intervention. The diseases are troublesome, so they should be identified and treated.

Abstract Purpose In this study, we aim to investigate the association between BRCA1/2 mutation and uterine cancer incidence. Material and method We systematically searched three databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to August 2023; and reviewed 23 cohorts and cross-sectional studies to explore the association between BRCA1/2 mutations and uterine cancer incidence. Results This systematic review comprised a total of 21 cohort studies and 2 cross-sectional studies after the screening process. According to meta-analysis the prevalence of the BRCA1/2 gene in patients with uterine cancer was 0.02 (95%CI = [0.01,0.03], P

In this essay, we argue that economic inequality is reproduced because business students uncritically accept the neoliberal myth of meritocracy. This myth advances values and beliefs suggesting that hard work and innate talent lead to equally accessible opportunities and corresponding rewards. These ideas are embedded in the narratives (e.g., stories, exercises, cases, or guest speakers) prevalent throughout the business school but remain “hidden” to students because they are implicit rather than surfaced. We explain that these narratives are attractive to students and, because they are implicit within the curriculum, they limit business students’ abilities to make the systemic changes needed to address economic inequality. In our call to action, we propose a set of tools—literary analysis, plural vocality, and historical learning—that can disrupt this attraction and enable students to critically engage with the myth of neoliberal meritocracy. It is our opinion that a more critical outlook will raise students’ awareness to economic inequality and encourage them to ameliorate this type of inequality as they move through their professional lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Intracranial RDD is rare medical event mimicking different diagnoses. Although the surgical resection is the best treatment option, but radiation therapy can also achieves long‐term suboptimal outcomes. Abstract An 83‐year‐old male with a history of tension‐type headaches was evaluated. He was conscious with no focal neurological deficits. His brain MRI revealed an enhancable bifrontal tumor originating from falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus dura. Due to the patient's preference and decline for gross total resection, she underwent a stereotactic biopsy. The pathology was positive for Rosai–Dorfman diseases. He received definitive targeted radiation with a total dose of 4500 cGy administered in 200 cGy daily fractions. His 4‐year follow‐up showed regional tumor control with excellent neurological outcome.

Aim: To investigate the role of fusion construct properties, vertebral column reconstruction (VCR) techniques, steroid therapy, laminectomy versus ligamentotaxis in treatment of thoracolumbar junction fractures (TLJF). Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted. All the eligible patients with TLJF (T12-L2) were operated with a standardized long fusion protocol and followed. Fusion rate, hardware failure, sagittal imbalance and functional outcome were identified as the primary outcome. P

Aging significantly impacts several age-related neurological problems, such as stroke, brain tumors, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and dementia), neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity. Current treatments for these conditions often come with side effects like hallucinations, dyskinesia, nausea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress. Given the widespread availability and cultural acceptance of natural remedies, research is exploring the potential effectiveness of plants in common medicines. The ancient medical system used many botanical drugs and medicinal plants to treat a wide range of diseases, including age-related neurological problems. According to current clinical investigations, berries improve motor and cognitive functions and protect against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, berries may influence signaling pathways critical to neurotransmission, cell survival, inflammation regulation, and neuroplasticity. The abundance of phytochemicals in berries is believed to contribute to these potentially neuroprotective effects. This review aimed to explore the potential benefits of berries as a source of natural neuroprotective agents for age-related neurological disorders.

Background The cosmetics business is one of the most profitable and advanced global trade sectors, and academic and industrial investments have expanded to provide high-quality products to the right consumers. Thus, this cross-sectional survey assessed Iranian pharmacists and pharmacy technicians' cosmetic product knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Methods Demographics were the first questionnaire section after eligibility and consent. Ten questions test knowledge in the second phase. The third portion has nine pharmacist cosmetic product attitudes questions. We used five-point Likert spectrum scaling. The final component of the questionnaire includes a pharmacist practice checklist. This fulfilled 12 pharmacists' obligations. PT demographics, knowledge, and attitude were measured using an eight-, five-, and eight-item questionnaire. A cosmetic sales checklist with eight practice items was devised to evaluate PTs. Pharmacists and PTs were evaluated for scientific advice on exfoliating lotion and anti-stain sunscreen use, skin type, history, and brand presentation. Using a 95% confidence interval, binary logistic regression found significant relationships between categorical dependent and independent variables. Pearson correlation measured knowledge-performance linearity. Results The study included 325 pharmacists and 324 PTs. The average knowledge score for pharmacists was 6.38 ± 1.95, while their practice score was 6.35 ± 1.92 out of 10. The overall knowledge score for PTs was 2.8 ± 0.92 out of 5. Results indicate a strong association between pharmacist and PT knowledge and cosmeceutical performance (r= +0.635 and +0.564, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study indicates a strong correlation between knowledge and performance in community pharmacists and PTs.

Background and purpose: Current scientometric indicators have some strengths and weaknesses. This study was conducted with the aim of developing a new scientometric index for the comprehensive scientific evaluation of researchers, the so-called multifold index. Materials and methods: The study was conducted with 96 researchers from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences with at least two articles in Scopus and at least one citation to the articles. A checklist was used that included variables, such as the scientific age of each individual, the square root of the total number of each article, the sum of references to top articles, the H-index, etc. Some statistical analyzes such as factor analysis, KMO test and Bartlett’s test for sphericity, correlation matrix and SPSS software version 22 were used. Test functional characteristics and area under the rock curve were used, and sensitization was performed, extracting 99% predictive power and diagnostic power (0.7). Results: When calculating the multifold index, the H-index has the largest weight of 0.238, and the numerical value it provides is appropriate and measures all aspects of a person's scientific activity. This index is different for researchers who have the same H-index. Conclusion: The Multifold Index leads to a qualitative assessment and takes into account all aspects of a person's scientific activity. It can be used for assessments, predictions about the scientific status of researchers, educational and research groups and for creating a comprehensive scientific map of the country.

Introduction: As a global public health crisis, antibiotic resistance (AR) should be monitored and managed under the One-Health concept according to the World Health Organization (WHO), considering the interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. But this approach often remains focused on human health and rarely on the environment and its compartments, especially wastewater as the main AR receptor. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) not only are not designed for reliving AR but also provide appropriate conditions for enhancing AR through different mechanisms. Methods: By reviewing the research-based statistics on the inclusion of WWTPs in the One-Health/AR program crisis, this paper highlights the importance of paying attention to these hotspots, at first. Also, the importance and technical roadmap for the application of WWTPs in both surveillance and management of AR were provided. The current position of these facilities was also evaluated using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. In the end, the concluding knowledge gaps and research needs for future investigations were presented. Results: Despite the fact that wastewater matrices are the hotspot for AR dissemination, WWTPs appear under-represented in One-Health/AR literature. So, of the 414434 articles retrieved for One-Health only 1.5% (n = 6321) focused on AR and about 0.04% (n = 158) on WWTPs. The potential of WWTPs inclusion in AR surveillance has been confirmed by several studies, however, when it comes to its inclusion for management of AR, more evidence should be presented, which confirmed by SWOT results. Discussion: As such, WWTPs simultaneously provide opportunities for AR surveillance as it is assumed that this medium can reflect the reality of the corresponding society, and for managing unexpected crises which could impact the public. Nonetheless, there are still numerous considerations to change WWTPs role from Achilles’ heel to Ajax’ shield, including strengthening the research-based knowledge and conducting both surveillance and management strategies of AR under One-Health concept (One-Health/AR) in a clear straightforward framework.

Higher physical activity is generally associated with more favorable psychological functioning. However, the role of positive and negative affect in such associations is unclear. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study explored whether affect mediated the relationship of physical activity with psychological well-being (PWB) and psychological dysfunctioning (PD). Young Iranian adults (N = 200) completed self-rating questionnaires covering physical activity, positive and negative affect, and proxies of PWB and PD. Regression analyses indicated that higher physical activity levels and higher positive and lower negative affect predicted proxies of PWB. The same (albeit in the opposite direction) applied to proxies of PD. Structural equation modeling indicated that positive and negative affect mediated the relationship between physical activity and PWB/PD. Accordingly, change in affect might be an important mechanism behind the association of physical activity and PWB/PD. Future research should further explore this across target populations and cultural contexts. Longitudinal and/or experimental studies are needed to disentangle causality.

Abstract Background A cesarean scar defect (CSD) is incomplete healing of the myometrium at the site of a prior cesarean section (CS), complicating more than half of all cesarean sections. While transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) is the most common modality for diagnosing this defect, hysteroscopy remains the gold standard. We aimed to develop an efficient diagnostic tool for CSD among women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) by integrating TVU findings and participants’ demographic features. Methods A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 premenopausal and non-pregnant women with a history of CS complaining of AUB without a known systemic or structural etiology. Each participant underwent a hysteroscopy followed by a TVU the next day. The defect dimensions in TVU, patients’ age, and the number of previous CSs were integrated into a binary logistic regression model to evaluate their predictive ability for a hysteroscopy-confirmed CSD. Results Hysteroscopy identified 74 (74%) participants with CSD. The variables age, the number of CSs, defect length, and defect width significantly contributed to the logistic regression model to diagnose CSD with odds ratios of 9.7, 0.7, 2.6, and 1.7, respectively. The developed model exhibited accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88.00%, 91.89%, and 76.92%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.955 (P-value