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There are several proposed physical processes which may contribute to the cross-polar potential and thus drive ionospheric convection around the polar caps. It is generally believed that magnetic reconnection is the dominant process, however dynamos such as viscous interaction and impulsive penetration are other possible contributors. A comprehensive statistical study has been conducted using data from the DMSP F13 satellite for passages along the northern hemisphere dawn-dusk meridian, with focus on typical two-cell convection patterns during times of steady southward IMF conditions. The results show that the low-latitude dynamo (viscous interaction or reconnection in the LLBL) on average accounts for only 1–2 kV of the total potential drop, values lower than those previously predicted. At rare occasions this dynamo can be a significant source of energy, however, contributing to more than 20 kV of the cross-polar potential., QC 20101029

The paper introduces a weighted residual-based approach for the numerical investigation of the interaction of fluid flow and thin flexible structures. The presented method enables one to treat strongly coupled systems involving large structural motion and deformation of multiple-flow-immersed solid objects. The fluid flow is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The current configuration of the thin structure of linear elastic material with non-linear kinematics is mapped to the flow using the zero iso-contour of an updated level set function. The formulation of fluid, structure and coupling conditions uniformly uses velocities as unknowns. The integration of the weak form is performed on a space-time finite element discretization of the domain. Interfacial constraints of the multi-field problem are ensured by distributed Lagrange multipliers. The proposed formulation and discretization techniques lead to a monolithic algebraic system, well suited for strongly coupled fluid-structure systems. Embedding a thin structure into a flow results in non-smooth fields for the fluid. Based on the concept of the extended finite element method, the space-time approximations of fluid pressure and velocity are properly enriched to capture weakly and strongly discontinuous solutions. This leads to the present enriched space-time (EST) method. Numerical examples of fluid-structure interaction show the eligibility of the developed numerical approach in order to describe the behavior of such coupled systems. The test cases demonstrate the application of the proposed technique to problems where mesh moving strategies often fail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at the complete basis set limit and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo are used to examine several low energy isomers of the water hexamer. Both approaches predict the so-called prism to be the lowest energy isomer, followed by cage, book, and cyclic isomers. The energies of the four isomers are very similar, all being within 10-15 meV/ H2 O. These reference data are then used to evaluate the performance of several density-functional theory exchange-correlation (xc) functionals. A subset of the xc functionals tested for smaller water clusters [I. Santra, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 184104 (2007)] has been considered. While certain functionals do a reasonable job at predicting the absolute dissociation energies of the various isomers (coming within 10-20 meV/ H2 O), none predict the correct energetic ordering of the four isomers nor does any predict the correct low total energy isomer. All xc functionals tested either predict the book or cyclic isomers to have the largest dissociation energies. A many-body decomposition of the total interaction energies within the hexamers leads to the conclusion that the failure lies in the poor description of van der Waals (dispersion) forces in the xc functionals considered. It is shown that the addition of an empirical pairwise (attractive) C6 R-6 correction to certain functionals allows for an improved energetic ordering of the hexamers. The relevance of these results to density-functional simulations of liquid water is also briefly discussed. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.

The flow of spoken interaction between human interlocutors is a widely studied topic. Amongst other things, studies have shown that we use a number of facial gestures to improve this flow - for example to control the taking of turns. This type of gestures ought to be useful in systems where an animated talking head is used, be they systems for computer mediated human-human dialogue or spoken dialogue systems, where the computer itself uses speech to interact with users. In this article, we show that a small set of simple interaction control gestures and a simple model of interaction can be used to influence users' behaviour in an unobtrusive manner. The results imply that such a model may improve the flow of computer mediated interaction between humans under adverse circumstances, such as network latency, or to create more human-like spoken human-computer interaction., Book Group Author(s): ISCA

With a new geometry in a higher luminosity environment, the power deposition in the superconducting magnets becomes a critical aspect to analyze and to integrate in the insertion design. In this paper, we quantify the power deposited in magnets insertion at variable positions from the interaction point (IP). A fine characterization of the debris due to the proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV, shows that the energetic particles in the very forward direction give rise to non intuitive dependences of the impacting energy on the magnet front face and inner surface. The power deposition does not vary significantly with the distance to the interaction point, because of counterbalancing effects of different contributions to power deposition. We have found out that peak power density in the magnet insertion does not vary significantly with or without the Target Absorber Secondaries (TAS) protection., QC 20100921

Creating simulation models via composition of predefined and reusable components is an efficient way of reducing costs and time associated with the simulation model development process. However, in order to successfully compose models one has to solve the issues of syntactic and semantic composability of components. HLA is the most widely used architecture for distributed simulations today. It provides a simulation environment and standards for specifying simulation parts and interactions between simulation parts. But it provides little support for semantic composability. The Base Object Model (BOM) standard is an attempt to ease reusability and composition of simulation models. However, BOMs do not contain sufficient information for defining concepts and terms in order to avoid ambiguity, and provide no methods for matching conceptual models (state machines). In this paper, we present our approach for enhancement of the semantic contents of BOMs and propose a three-layer model for syntactic and semantic matching of BOMs. The semantic enhancement includes ontologies for entities, event and interactions in each component. We also present an OWL-S description for each component including the state machines. The three-layer model, consists of syntactic matching, static semantic matching and dynamic semantic matching utilising a set of rules for reasoning about the compositions. We also describe our discovery and matching rules, which have been implemented in the Jess inference engine. In order to test our approach we have defined some simulation scenarios and implemented BOMs as building blocks for development of those scenarios, one of which has been presented in this paper. Our result shows that the three-layer model is promising and can improve and simplify composition of BOM-based components., QC 20100830

Simulations of single and dual droplets in a uniform flow for Reynolds numbers 100 and Weber numbers of 0.1 and 1.0 are performed on a Cartesian grid using the Volume of Fluid method. The simulations are carried out to provide a detailed study of the interaction between droplets. Thus, the main focus is to investigate the forces a droplet is subjected to as its position is changed in relation to a reference droplet. The results are compared to simulations for solid particles using the Volume of Solid, a method based on the Volume of Fluid approach. The results show the importance of accounting to the full interaction among the droplets. Such interaction has to be included even for rather diluted two-phase systems. The large number of calculations results in a data-base that can be used as a look-up table for accounting for the inter-droplet interaction (i.e. effects on lift- and dragcoefficients) in the frame-work of Lagrangian particle tracking approach. Additionally, we do take into account also droplet deformation, which has significant effect for droplet in many engineering applications., QC 20201015

Two-beam pumped noncollinear PPKTP OPO generating two signal waves with tunable spectral separation is demonstrated. The coherent pumping leads to a parametric gain grating which resonantly enhances cascaded sideband generation by the second-order nonlinear interaction., QC 20141111

This paper introduces a model for short-range fibre-fibre interaction and combines it with the Shaqfeh-Fredrickson result for long-range hydrodynamic interactions. The short-range interactions are assumed to be localised, such that the interaction forces may be taken to act at points on the fibre axes. Only interactions of viscous Newtonian character are explored in this work; the approach, however, may be used to treat more general nonlinear interactions, such as non-Newtonian vicous forces or friction. To simulate the orientation evolution, a convective discretisation technique combined with a modification of the Folgar-Tucker rotary diffusion model is proposed. The rotational parallel-plate geometry is analysed, and transient as well as steady state responses are computed. Experiments are performed on suspensions of polyamide fibres in silicon oil, using a rotational parallel-plate rheometer. It is demonstrated that the effect of fibre volume fraction and aspect ratio are well captured by this theory. Normal force as well as torque is adequately predicted. Other effects, however, such as shear thinning and effect of absolute particle size, are not predicted by the linear theory., QC 20150625

We analyze the stability of a Taylor-Couette flow under the imposition of a weak axial flow in the case of a very short cylinder with a narrow annulus gap. We consider an incompressible viscous fluid contained in the narrow gap between two concentric short cylinders, in which the inner cylinder rotates with constant angular velocity. The caps of the cylinders have narrow tubes conically tapering to very narrow slits, allowing an axial flow along the surface of the inner cylinder. The approximated solution for the Taylor-Couette flow for short cylinders was found and used for the stability analysis instead of the precise but bulky solution. The sensitivity of the Taylor-Couette flow to small perturbations and to weak axial flow was studied. We demonstrate that perturbations coming from the axial flow cause the propagation of dispersive waves in the Taylor-Couette flow. While in long cylinders the presence of an axial flow leads to the breaking of axial symmetry, in small cylinders it leads to the breaking of mirror symmetry. The coexistence of a rotation and an axial flow requires that, in addition to the energy and the angular momentum of the flow, the helicity must also be studied. The approximated form for the helicity formula in the case of short cylinders was derived. We found that the axial flow stabilizes the Taylor-Couette flow. The supercritical flow includes a rich variety of vortical structures, including a symmetric pair of Taylor vortices, an anomalous single vortex and quasiperiodic oscillating vortices. Pattern formation was studied at large for rated ranges of azimuthal and axial Reynolds numbers. A region where three branches of different states occur was localized. Numerical simulations in 3-D and in the axisymmetrical case of the model flow are presented, which illustrate the instabilities analyzed.