Search

The present work aimed to study the essential oil (EO) variation of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under different phenological stages. The EO yield was highest in the flowering stage, followed by flor...

Se evaluaron nueve variedades de frijol originarias de Zacatecas, principal productor de esta leguminosa en México. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos como antocianinas, flavonoides, taninos condensados y fenólicos totales, así como su capacidad antioxidante por el método de DPPH. El contenido de antocianinas, flavonoides y taninos varió de 0.22 mg a 3.45 mg equivalentes de cianidina-3-glucosido (EC3G)/100 g, 16 mg a 103 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g y 474 mg a 587 mg equivalentes de catequina (EC)/100 g, respectivamente. Por otra parte, la concentración de fenólicos totales varió de 67 mg a 204 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG)/100 g. La mayor cantidad de fenólicos totales (64% a 93%) y flavonoides totales (55% a 81%) se encontraron en su fracción ligada. Los niveles de capacidad antioxidante fueron de 243 μmol a 1282 μmol equivalentes de trolox (ET)/100 g. Las variedades Flor de Junio y Negro San Luis presentaron los mayores contenidos de fenólicos totales, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante.

Objective: to analyze the economic losses and impacts for the floriculture of Vargem Alta, in the Nova Friburgo neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: documentary and descriptive study using hemerographic databases, linked to analysis with IRAMUTEQ® software and in parallel with the use of governmental databases of financial content of the municipality in question. Results: after searches carried out in information resources in a systematic way, according to the PICo strategy and the PRISMA tool, 54 news were found that after in-depth reading and selection according to pre-defined criteria, 9 news remained within the scope of the research. With the analyzes carried out by the software, 6 classes of words were generated, and in this article only 2 were discussed. -19. Conclusions: It is concluded that the floriculture sector was severely affected, especially small producers. Compensatory actions were carried out with the support of the Federal Government, highlighting economic measures to help rural producers affected by the Coronavirus pandemic. Objetivo: analizar las pérdidas económicas y los impactos para la floricultura de Vargem Alta, en el barrio Nova Friburgo de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: estudio documental y descriptivo utilizando bases de datos hemerográficas, vinculado al análisis con el software IRAMUTEQ® y en paralelo con el uso de bases de datos gubernamentales de contenido financiero del municipio en cuestión. Resultados: tras búsquedas realizadas en recursos de información de forma sistemática, según la herramienta PRISMA y la estrategia PICo, se encontraron 54 noticias que, tras su lectura en profundidad y selección según criterios predefinidos, 9 noticias quedaron dentro del ámbito de la investigación. Con los análisis realizados por el software se generaron 6 clases de palabras, y en este artículo solo se discutieron 2. -19. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el sector de la floricultura se vio severamente afectado, en especial los pequeños productores. Se realizaron acciones compensatorias con el apoyo del Gobierno Federal, destacando medidas económicas para ayudar a los productores rurales afectados por la pandemia del Coronavirus. Objetivo: analisar as perdas econômicas e os impactos para a floricultura de Vargem Alta bairro de Nova Friburgo do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: estudo documental e descritivo com utilização de bases hemerográfica, atrelada a análise com software IRAMUTEQ® e paralelamente a utilização de bases de dados governamentais de conteúdo financeiro do município em questão. Resultados: após buscas realizadas em recursos informacionais de maneira sistematizada, conforme a estratégia PICo e a ferramenta PRISMA, foram encontradas 54 notícias que após leitura em profundidade e seleção conforme critérios pré-definidos, restaram 9 notícias atendendo ao escopo da pesquisa. Com as análises realizadas pelo software, foram geradas 6 classes de palavras, sendo que neste artigo discutiu-se somente 2. A discussão trouxe informações sobre os impactos financeiros na floricultura, assim como perdas econômicas resultantes das estratégias adotadas regionalmente com pretensões ao controle da COVID-19. Conclusões: Conclui-se que o setor de floricultura foi severamente afetado, em especial os pequenos produtores. Ações de compensatórias foram realizadas com o apoio do Governo Federal, destacando medidas econômicas para socorrer produtores rurais afetados pela pandemia do Coronavírus.

Existen más de 20 000 especies de abejas, solo 5% son sociales, dentro de estás se encuentra la tribu Meliponini, para México se reportan 46 especies de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Arnold et al., 2018). Estas abejas nativas desempeñan tareas fundamentales ya que son grandes polinizadores, se encargan del mantenimiento y equilibrio del ecosistema. Actualmente existen evidencias sobre los efectos negativos hacia las abejas por las diversas acciones del hombre que han ocasionado la disminución de estas, entre ellos se destacan la agricultura tradicional y la extracción de nidos silvestres. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las especies de abejas nativas y su relación biocultural con la comunidad de Peña Flor de Clavo, Santa Lucía Monteverde, Oaxaca, donde se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los pobladores para conocer las especies de abejas nativas, las fuentes de alimentación, los conocimientos, usos y prácticas de manejo local. Se identificaron un total de 11 especies de abejas sin aguijón y 10 géneros, localmente se reconocen ocho especies las cuales son: Frieseomelitta nigra, Geotrigona acapulconis, Melipona fasciata, Nannotrigona perilampoides, Scaptotrigona hellwegeri, Trigona fulviventris, Partamona bilineata y Trigonisca pipioli y se desconocen tres especies.

Monopustule isolates of wheat, oats and barley rust pathogens reproduced under different environmental conditions were used to infect experimental samples of these crops. Differences in the types of reactions after infection of one plant genotype with one pathogen genotype reproduced at different temperatures, as well as in the presence of potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate and maleic acid hydrazide indicate the impossibility of explaining the phenomena of plant-pathogen interaction within the framework of Flor's classical gene-for-gene theory. Each gene of the host resistance corresponds to several complementary virulence genes, or to several different alleles of one same gene for virulence.

Previous studies on Mexican American students in community college have demonstrated a sense of resilience in completing their studies. However, such studies have been student-centric in advising that cultural capital be utilized in fostering student success. In this article, we advise the incorporation of pedagogical conocimientos as a tool for the professional development of faculty, staff and administrators in humanizing the community college experience. The findings in this article explore ways in which three students draw upon their memories in furthering their education. We analyze how students make sense of lived experiences and transmit them into their educational trajectory.

espanolSe evaluo la capacidad antioxidante y contenido fenolico de una bebida a base de flor de Jamaica, con tres concentraciones que fueron 0,5, 1% y 1,5%, a los cuales se realizaron analisis fisico quimicos y microbiologicos. Para la evaluacion sensorial se aplico un test con una escala hedonica de 7 puntos con 30 catadores no entrenados evaluando los parametros aroma, sabor, color y apariencia. Se aplico analisis de varianza no parametrico, utilizando prueba de contraste Kruskal Wallis, se pudo comprobar que el tratamiento T1 fue el seleccionado como el mejor de acuerdo a los catadores. Posteriormente se analizo la capacidad antioxidante y contenido fenolico al mejor tratamiento (t1) donde se mostraron promedios de 50,45 µmol ET/100g y 671 mg EGA/100g respectivamente, concluyendo que la flor de Jamaica deshidratada influye en las caracteristicas fisico quimicas de la bebida, favoreciendo de esta manera a la industrializacion de la flor. EnglishThe antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of a Jamaica flower-based drink were evaluated, with three concentrations that were 0.5, 1% and 1.5%, to which physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. For the sensory evaluation, a test with a 7-point hedonic scale was applied with 30 untrained tasters evaluating the aroma, flavor, color and appearance parameters. Non-parametric analysis of variance was applied, using the Kruskal Wallis contrast test, it was found that treatment T1 was the one selected as the best according to the tasters. Subsequently, the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were analyzed at the best treatment (t1) where averages of 50.45 µmol ET / 100g and 671 mg EGA / 100g respectively were shown, concluding that dehydrated Jamaica flower influences the physical-chemical characteristics of the drink, thus favoring the industrialization of the flower.

In this article we analyze two popular films, one from Brazil and another from the United States. Specifically, we examine and compare Bruno Barreto’s Dona Flor and her Two Husbands (Brazil, 1976) and Victor Fleming’s Gone with the Wind (USA, 1939). Both films have as a central plot a love triangle in which a woman, Flor and Scarlett respectively, is torn between two very different romantic interests. However, Flor’s decision to commit to two men contrasts with Scarlett’s solitary end. We demonstrate that the films express distinct ways of reconciling values associated to ‘tradition’ and ‘modernity’ through the heroines’ romantic relationships and, above all, their opposite endings.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı florid içerikli farklı restoratif materyallerin (Geleneksel cam iyonomer siman, İonofil U; Rezin modifiye cam iyonomer siman, Photac Fil Quick Aplicap; Cam hibrit restoratif materyal, Equia Forte; Cam karbomer, Glass Fil ve Giomer, Beautifil II) in vitro koşullarda florid salım özelliklerini ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitelerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Restoratif materyallerinin her birinden 16 adet disk şeklinde örnekler hazırlanmış, örnekler, deney periyodu boyunca 5 ml deiyonize su içeren polietilen tüplerde, 37°C’de bekletilmiştir. Örneklerin florid salım konsantrasyonları 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde ölçülmüş, 28. günde örneklere 4 dakika boyunca 2 ml % 1,23’lük Asidüle fosfat florid jel (İonite) uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 ve 28. günlerde materyallerin florid salım konsantrasyonları ölçülerek, floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasiteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İonofil U’nun ilk iki gün boyunca istatistiksel olarak diğer materyallerden daha fazla miktarda florid salımı ve floridle yeniden yüklenebilme kapasitesi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p, Background: The aim of this study is to compare the fluoride release properties and fluoride recharge capacities of different fluoride-containing restorative materials (Conventional glass ionomer cement, IonofilU; Resin modified glass ıonomer cement, PhotacFilQuickAplicap; Glass hybrid, Equia Forte; Glass carbomer, Glass Fil and Giomer, Beautifil II) in vitro. Methods: 16 disk-shaped samples were prepared from each of the restorative materials. Samples were transferred to polyethylene tubes containing 5 ml of deionized water. The fluoride release concentrations of the samples were measured on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 28, 2 ml of 1.23% Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (Ionite) was applied to the specimens. Then, fluoride release concentrations of the materials were measured on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28, and their fluoride recharge capacities were evaluated. Results: Ionofil U was found to have significantly higher fluoride release and fluoride recharge capacities than the other materials during the first two days (p

El concepto de experiencia es central en la obra de Benjamin, como atestigua la multiplicidad de trabajos académicos que intenta esclarecerlo. Así, la crítica benjaminiana al concepto kantiano de experiencia, la posibilidad de hacer una experiencia con el pasado que interrumpa el curso de la historia, la potencialidad de la experiencia estética en el marco de la crisis de sus soportes tradicionales y el reconocimiento de la experiencia religiosa son algunos de los ámbitos problemáticos en los que la apelación al concepto de experiencia resulta ineludible. En este marco, la crisis o el empobrecimiento de la experiencia en el siglo XX es uno de los problemas centrales de los que es necesario dar cuenta para intentar esclarecer qué entiende Benjamin por experiencia. Este trabajo, por lo tanto, se centró en este diagnóstico trabajando, en primer lugar, con aquellos textos en los que Benjamin se ha referido más explícitamente a este fenómeno y evaluando, asimismo, algunas interpretaciones actuales, deteniéndose en el debate acerca de si la crisis diagnosticada por Benjamin permite vislumbrar una cierta reconfiguración de la experiencia o nos condena a pensar en su absoluta imposibilidad. Sostenemos, de la mano de las lecturas de Didi-Huberman y Déotte, que en su propuesta late la posibilidad de aprovechar la pobreza de experiencias para alojar y explorar las experiencias que nuestro tiempo histórico hace posibles.

Job satisfaction in flower organizations has been poorly addressed, although it is of great relevance for productivity management. The purpose of this research is to estimate the determinants of job satisfaction of the employees of the company "La Flor de Catemaco", a flower company, specialized in the production and marketing of natural flowers and ornamental foliage, located in Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico. The empirical evidence from the parameters obtained in this study suggests that the determining variables of job satisfaction are: Seniority in the position, motivation regarding the work being performed, recognition of the tasks performed and satisfaction with respect to the job. salary received. The study is temporarily circumscribed in 2018, using information from a survey applied to 20 workers, which is processed by methodological requirements using a logistic econometric model.

Some wild Zygosaccharomyces rouxii impair the quality of soy sauce through the generation of unpleasant odors induced by the formation of flor. Flor formation in Z. rouxii depends on the expression of the FLO11D gene, which is a homolog of the FLO11 gene that encodes a cell surface protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FLO11 expression in S. cerevisiae is regulated by multiple pathways. To investigate the regulation of FLO11D expression in Z. rouxii, we created 13 gene knockout mutants (STE12, TEC1, HOG1, MSS11, FLO8, MSN1, MSN2/4, SKO1, TUP1, CYC8, YAK1, MIG1, and SFL1) related to those pathways and examined whether these mutants form flor. Unexpectedly, SFL1 knockout mutant could only form a very weak flor due to decreased FLO11D expression, suggesting that SFL1 acts as a potential activator of flor formation through FLO11D expression. This result is in contrast to S. cerevisiae SFL1, which acts as a repressor of FLO11 expression.

A methodological approach was proposed for the search for natural strains of S. сerevisiae yeasts that are promising for sherry production. Their initial selection in the method is based on genetic markers and the subsequent study of their enological properties. Ninety-six strains of S. cerevisiae yeasts were isolated from grape samples. Genotyping of the strains revealed that 82 strains had the ITS spacer allele of ribosomal RNA gene typical of “wine” strains, while 14 had the allele typical for French “sherry” strains. No alleles specific for Spanish sherry yeasts were found. A 111-bp deletion in the FLO11 adhesin gene promoter typical of sherry yeasts was found in 11 strains, while the specific allele of the YDR379C-А gene was found in 20 strains. In total, 28 strains had a sherry allele at least for one of the three loci, while 21 of them formed a flor on the surface of fermented grape must. According to the results of genetic studies and estimation of the enological properties, five strains that are characterized by the presence of sherry alleles for three loci and are capable of flor formation were selected. Two strains were selected as the most promising for subsequent production selection based on micro-winemaking.

In this paper, some aspects of the physical mechanisms involved in strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in cross-linked natural rubber networks are discussed. The theory of SIC as developed by Flor...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de extracao assistida por ultrassom em compostos fenolicos e extratos antioxidantes de folhas e flores de Salva-do-Marajo ( Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth.,). Foi utilizado as folhas e a flor de Salva-do-Marajo, que foram esmagadas e submetidas a extracao assistida por ultrassom nos tempos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos, utilizando como solvente a mistura metanol: agua (80:20). Os extratos obtidos foram analisados quanto ao teor de compostos fenolicos e atividade antioxidante. O tempo de extracao influenciou significativamente o teor de compostos fenolicos e a atividade antioxidante dos extratos de Salva-do-Marajo. A extracao assistida por ultrassom no tempo de 45 minutos foi capaz de produzir uma quantidade maior em relacao aos outros tempos, com valores de compostos fenolicos de 403,30 e 452,67 mg de GAE 100g-1 para folhas e flores, respectivamente. A flor de Salva-do-Marajo possui niveis mais elevados de compostos fenolicos e antioxidantes do que a folha da planta. Os niveis de compostos fenolicos e atividade antioxidante sao influenciados pelos diferentes tempos de extracao.

Durante mis caminatas y recorridos, realizo intervenciones en las grietas que encuentro a mi paso en las calles, carreteras, tanto en sitios urbanos como en zonas rurales, “rellenando” estas grietas de diversas maneras. El objetivo es evidenciar o hacer “visible” lo que cotidianamente pasa desapercibido en el paisaje urbano: la enorme fuerza de la naturaleza que continúa presente, ahí en el asfalto, mostrando su potencia, hablando de vida y de entereza. Al conferir importancia a las grietas de las calles, en las que crecen miles de plantitas y de flores a pesar del paso de miles de automóviles, intento darle un lugar, por momentos monumental, a lo pequeño y efimero.

Malpighia emarginata D.C is an important crop of Brazil and significant source of antioxidant active compounds with notable health effects. The purpose of this work was to study three varieties of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C) at green unripe stage of maturity from the São Francisco Valley of Northeast Brazil. The fruits were evaluated for physico-chemical composition, bioactive compounds, through spectrophotometric analysis and liquid chromatography, as well as the profile of macro and micro minerals and antioxidant capacity. The fruits presented satisfactory results in physico-chemical quality parameters. HPLC-DAD phenolic profile analysis identified kaempferol-3-glucoside (32.68 mg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (28.87 mg/100 g) and isorhamnetin (11.41 mg/100 g) as the major compounds, mainly in the variety of Flor Branca (FB). The results obtained from the profiles of sugars and organic acids were similar among the varieties. The minerals were excellent sources of the elements of K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Moreover, FB variety represents higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS·+ (8613.54 μM Trolox/g) and ORAC (2454.42 μM Trolox/g). Thus, the results show the potential to be applied for variety selection and utilization programs based on their specific nutritive characters, contributing to the development of new products.

La L-DOPA es uno de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en las leguminosas, como Mucuna pruriens y Vicia faba L., su contenido se puede ver afectado por el método de secado, variedad y estado de desarrollo de la planta. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto del método de secado por estufa y por liofilización en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT), de L-DOPA y de la actividad antioxidante en plántulas y en flor de dos variedades de haba. Dos variedades de haba, Diamante y Zac-22, se utilizaron como material vegetal, que fueron sembradas en condiciones de campo. Se obtuvieron plántulas a los 10, 15 y 20 días después de la emergencia (DDE) y flores durante el período de floración. Los tejidos se sometieron a dos métodos de secado, por estufa de aire forzado a 38 °C y por liofilización (-80 °C). El contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) se determinó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y L-DOPA se analizó por HPLC. La actividad antioxidante se determinó frente al radical DPPH (CI50). Los resultados mostraron que el método de secado afectó la concentración de CFT, de L-DOPA y la actividad antioxidante. Las concentraciones más altas de CFT (118.67 mg·g-1 MS) y de L-DOPA (67.65 mg·g-1 MS) se detectaron en las muestras procesadas por secado en estufa. Las flores presentaron los contenidos más altos de CFT (142.19 mg·g-1 MS) y de L-DOPA (82.02 mg·g-1 MS) respecto a las plántulas. Mientas que en las plántulas a los 10 DDE, tuvieron en promedio la concentración mayor de CFT (110.12 mg·g-1 MS) y de L-DOPA (61.08 mg·g-1 MS). La actividad antioxidante se afectó particularmente por el método de secado en las plántulas, pero en las flores no mostraron variación. El secado por estufa favoreció la conservación de la actividad antioxidante de las plántulas (CI50, 119.93 µg·mL-1), respecto al método de secado por liofilización (CI50, 144.29 µg·mL-1).

El frijol tiene alto contenido fenólico y actividad antioxidante, por ello es importante conocer cuánto se libera de estos compuestos de la matriz alimentaria y es aprovechado en el organismo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la bioaccesibilidad de compuestos antioxidantes de diferentes variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) mediante un sistema gastrointestinal in vitro. Se realizó la cuantificación de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante (DPPH, ABTS y FRAP) de 6 cultivares: Negro, Flor de Mayo, Patol, Pinto Saltillo, Teapa y Peruano, antes y después del cocimiento. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la digestión gastrointetinal in vitro en frijol cocido. Los resultados obtenidos de las variedades de frijol Teapa y Peruano, presentaron mayor rendimiento de extracto crudo, y un incremento del contenido fenólico. El frijol cocido, mostró un incremento en el contenido de flavonoides en las variedades Teapa, Peruano y Pinto Saltillo, así como mayor capacidad antioxidante, en las variedades Negro, Flor de mayo, Teapa y Peruano. La concentración inhibitoria media (IC50) la alcanzaron Teapa, Pinto Saltillo y Flor de Mayo (106.45, 154.72 y 127.16 μg/mL respectivamente). La digestión gastrointestinal in vitro dio como resultado mayor bioaccesibilidad para compuestos fenólicos, resaltando las variedades Teapa, Pinto Saltillo y Flor de mayo.ABSTRACTBeans have high phenolic content and antioxidant activity, so it is important to know how much of these compounds is released from the food matrix and is used in the body. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the antioxidant compounds bioavailability on different bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through an in vitro gastrointestinal system. Quantification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of 6 cultivars (Black, Flor de Mayo, Patol, Pinto Saltillo, Teapa and Peruvian) was carried out, before and after cooking. Additionally, in vitro gastrointetinal digestion in cooked beans was evaluated. The results obtained from the Teapa and Peruvian bean varieties showed a higher yield of crude extract and an increase in phenolic content. Cooked beans showed an increase in flavonoid content in the Teapa, Peruvian and Pinto Saltillo varieties, as well as greater antioxidant capacity, in the Negro, Flor de Mayo, Teapa and Peruvian varieties. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was reached by Teapa, Pinto Saltillo and Flor de Mayo (106.45, 154.72 and 127.16 μg/mL respectively). The gastrointestinal digestion in vitro resulted in greater bioavailability for phenolic compounds, highlighting the Teapa, Pinto Saltillo and Flor de Mayo varieties.

Beans are the most cultivated legume in the world. In Mexico, it is the second most important crop after corn (FAO 2020; SIAP 2020). Bean plants "Flor de Mayo M38" variety were affected by a foliar disease during the agricultural cycle 2019 in Puebla-Mexico (19°02'46.6" LN and 98°05'15.6" LO). Necrotic V- shaped lesions were observed on the margins of the leaves surrounded by yellow halos followed by foliar necrosis, affecting 40% of the crop. In Mexico this variety of cultivars is in great demand for local consumption and generates income in foreign currency (Castellanos et al. 1997). Sampling was carried out on 50 plants "Flor de Mayo M38" variety, with necrotic leaf symptoms from ten plots of one hectare. Samples were cut into pieces (5 mm), disinfested with 1% hypochlorite 3 min, and washed with sterile distilled water. Subsequently, samples were dried on sterile paper and placed on Petri plates containing yeast extract calcium carbonate dextrose agar (YDC) medium and kept at 36°C for 3 days. Colonies of ten typical bacteria isolated from all symptomatic plants were Gram (-), small and uniform in size with rounded edges, yellow, convex with entire borders and mucoid appearance on YDC. Bacteria did not grow on 0.1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride amended casamino acid, peptone, and glucose medium (CPG). Biochemical tests showed that isolates did not reduce nitrate to nitrites, had positive catalase and starch hydrolysis, while the Kovac oxidase test was negative (Schaad and White 1974). Genus identity of the representative isolate Xcf1-APJR, was confirmed by 16S rRNA encoding gene partial sequencing, using universal primers 518F (5'-CCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACG-3') and 800R (5'-TACCAGGGTATCTAATCC-3') (Halim et al. 2020). BLASTn alignments against the nucleotide collection were 100% identical to Xanthomonas sequences including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains NZ_AP019684.1, CP025750.1, and MN108237.1. The 1,418 bp sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under accession number MT645246. The identification of species/pathovar was accomplished by serological methods using a polyclonal antiserum specific for X. campestris pv. campestris (Popovic ́ et al. 2013) with the DAS-ELISA commercial kit (catalog number 07122C/096, LOEWE Biochemica GmbH, Germany). The pathogenicity test was carried out on 50 healthy bean plants from the "Flor de Mayo M38" variety. Bacterial culture incubated at 28°C for 48 h in YDC medium was used to prepare the bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1). The first two lower leaves of 30-day-old plants were inoculated by sprinkling. Ten plants sprayed with sterile distilled water were used as negative control. All plants were kept for 20 days in greenhouse at 18-26°C and relative humidity of 60%. After seven days, chlorotic lesions developed on all inoculated plants that became necrotic from 14 days after inoculation (dai). Necrotic leaf spots merged at 14 dai to form necrotic areas of more than 20 mm in diameter, reaching total necrosis of the leaf tissue at 20 dai and were similar to the symptoms observed in the field. Koch's postulates were confirmed by the reisolation of Xcf1-APJR strain, which presented the same colony morphology, partial sequence, and polyclonal specific detection. This is the first report of this pathogen causing necrotic leaf spot in beans from the "Flor de Mayo M38" variety in Puebla-Mexico. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. References: FAO. 2020. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Data. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home/. SIAP. 2020. Atlas Agroalimentario. https://www.gob.mx/siap/. Castellanos, J. Z., et al. 1997. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 47:163. Schaad, N. W., and White, W. C. 1974. Phytopathology. 64:876. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-64-876 Halim, R. A., et al. 2020. HAYATI J. Biosciences. 27:215. https://doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.3.215 Popovic ́, T., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:418. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0506-PDN.

This work aims to confront the Amazonian legend of Boto and the literary work Dona Flor e seus dois maridos by Jorge Amado - especially with regard to the character “Flor”. In view of this cut, the texts will analyze the characters, the languages ​​used (oral, written and corporal) and the contexts, all seen from the perspective of Comparative Literature, which will use other areas of knowledge as a methodological foundation in order to deepen and elucidate obscure points in this dialogism. In addition, using intertextuality - therefore, interdiscursivity - problems explored by a patriarchal society were explored and then the reason for this naturalness / irresponsibility in the social sphere was criticized; there are differences and similarities found in the two speeches that, although developed and separated by years not yet dated, have too many details in common. Thus, the debate raised here demonstrates its relevance by enriching the analytical perception of the reader, leading him to observe the objects of study with an interdisciplinary, that is, diversified, aiming to bring up the historical influences incorporated, disseminated and practiced by the subjects in their daily lives. In summary, with the comparativism, psychosocial consequences will be revealed that the different roles assumed by these actors / agents will have in the family environment of children and young people of later generations - impacts found now in the legend, now in the literature. For this purpose, the theories of Carvalhal (2006), Masina & Cardoni (2002), Brandão (2004), Batista (2018), Orlandi (2010), Bakhtin (1997), Beauvoir (1970), Reboul (2004), Rousseau (2016), Fairclough (2016), Marx and Engels (2010), Lessa (2011), Althusser (1985) and Moisés (2002)., Este trabalho tem o fito de confrontar a lenda amazônica do Boto e a obra literária Dona Flor e seus dois maridos de Jorge Amado – principalmente no que tange a personagem “Flor”. À vista desse recorte, nos textos serão analisados os personagens, as linguagens usadas (oral, escrita e corporal) e os contextos, todos vistos sob a perspectiva da Literatura Comparada, a qual usará como alicerce metodológico outras áreas de conhecimento no sentido de aprofundar e elucidar pontos obscuros nesse dialogismo. Ademais, lançando mão da intertextualidade – logo, interdiscursividade – exploraram-se problemáticas deturpadas por uma sociedade patriarcal e depois se critica o porquê dessa naturalidade/irresponsabilidade na esfera social; expõem-se divergências e semelhanças encontradas nos dois discursos que, embora desenvolvidos e separados por anos ainda não datados, possuem demasiados detalhes em comum. Destarte, o debate aqui suscitado demonstra sua relevância enriquecendo a percepção analítica do leitor levando-o a observar os objetos de estudo com um olhar interdisciplinar, isto é, diversificado, cujo fim é trazer à baila as influências históricas incorporadas, difundidas e praticadas pelos sujeitos em seus cotidianos. Em síntese, desvelar-se-ão, com o comparativismo, consequências psicossociais que os diferentes papéis assumidos por esses atores/agentes acarretarão no âmbito familiar das crianças e jovens de gerações posteriores – impactos encontrados ora na lenda, ora na literatura. Para tal, serão utilizadas as teorias de Carvalhal (2006), Masina & Cardoni (2002), Brandão (2004), Batista (2018), Orlandi (2010), Bakhtin (1997), Beauvoir (1970), Reboul (2004), Rousseau (2016), Fairclough (2016), Marx e Engels (2010), Lessa (2011), Althusser (1985) e Moisés (2002).

Background: This work aimed to investigate the resistance mechanism to antimicrobial agents (especially florfenicol) exhibited by Providencia isolates obtained from various sources.Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the distribution of the florfenicol resistance genes. Conjugation, S1-PFGE (S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), sequencing and other molecular methods were employed to analyze the transferability and structure of the resistance gene-encoding plasmids. Results: It showed that the human pathogens exhibited a wider resistance spectrum, while the animal bacteria had higher MIC values for most antibiotics analyzed. Of the seven florfenicol resistance genes (floR, fexA, fexB, optrA, estDL136, cfr and pexA) screened, only floR was identified in both animal (5/10, 50%) and human bacteria (3/13, 23.1%), and none of them was detected in freshwater fish isolates (0/22). The floR-positive strains exhibited high MIC levels for florfenicol (≥ 64 mg/L). The whole genome sequencing of the multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri strain R39 demonstrated that it carried four plasmids, with two larger plasmids encoding 5 copies of the floR genes. The largest plasmid, pR39-33 (32,936 bp) with 4 floR genes, was composed of 4 copies of the second large plasmid pR39-8 which encoded 8 ORFs (open reading frames) including a floR and two mobilization genes (mobAC) in the form of tandem repeat. It indicated that the floR gene represented the primary mechanism underlying the florfenicol resistance of the Providencia isolates. Conclusions: This report is the first to describe an antibiotic-resistant plasmid composed of four copies of another plasmid sequence in the form of a tandem repeat.

The objective of this research was to demonstrate that sites of rural accommodation in Brazil can mean spaces for consensus. The Hospedaria Montanha Beija-Flor Dourado (Golden Hummingbird Mountain ...

High concentrations of ethanol and oxidative stress can cause a mutagenic effect on mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) of flor yeasts. We performed a comparative analysis of mtDNAs of wine yeast strains and three sequenced flor yeast strains. mtDNAs of flor strains are characterized by high conservation of nucleotide sequences and the structure. The numbers of destabilizing elements of mtDNA (GC clusters, short repeats, active ori sequences) in flor strains are generally lower than that in wine yeasts. The mtDNA conservation of flor strains can be determined by both bottleneck effects in the course of evolution and mechanisms aimed at maintaining the genetic stability. In general, the data obtained do not confirm the hypothesis of increased genetic variability of the mitochondrial genomes of flor yeast strains.

The spatial and temporal distribution of food resources, as well as the type, quantity, and quality of the foods stocked in the hive are the principal regulatory factors of the choice and intensity of floral resource harvesting by bees. We evaluated the annual foraging activity of Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera L. (Apidae) on the most abundant natural food resources available. Nineteen abundant plant species susceptible to foraging by bee communities in the interior of a secondary growth forest fragment with a transition physiognomy between Atlantic Forest and Cerradao vegetation were accompanied to estimate the intensity of floral resource collection by Africanized honeybees A. mellifera during the year. We determined the productivity of the flowers (the quality and quantity of nectar and/or pollen made available) and floral abundance (the quantities of flowers produced and the duration of flowering) of the 19 plant species selected. Africanized honeybees A. mellifera collected floral resources from 11 species. The intensities of visits per flower and per area of floral exposition were greater among plant species visited by Africanized honeybees when bee collecting behavior resulted in pollen transfer to the floral stigmas. It is estimated that 70.5% of all visits by Africanized honeybees A. mellifera individuals during the year in the study area occurred on Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), Grazielia cf. dimorpholepis (Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob (Asteraceae) , and Gouania cf. latifolia Reissek (Rhaminaceae); those visits demonstrated seasonal patterns, with peaks of activity between January and April. Weak foraging activity was observed in June and between June and November. Atividade de forrageio de abelhas africanizadas ( Apis mellifera L.): um estudo das fontes de nectar e polen em uma escala temporal Resumo. A distribuicao espacial e temporal dos recursos alimentares, bem como o tipo, quantidade e qualidade do alimento estocado na colmeia sao os principais fatores reguladores na escolha e intensidade da coleta dos recursos florais pelas abelhas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade anual de forrageio de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera L. (Apidae) nas fontes alimentares naturais mais abundantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 19 especies vegetais abundantes e suscetiveis ao forrageio pela comunidade de abelhas no interior de um fragmento de floresta secundaria com fisionomia em transicao entre Mata Atlântica e Cerradao, durante um ano. Para estimar a intensidade de coleta de recursos florais pelas abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera , foi determinada a produtividade das flores (qualidade e quantidade do nectar e/ou polen alocada nas flores) e a abundância (quantidade de flores e duracao do florescimento) das 19 especies vegetais selecionadas. As abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera coletaram recursos florais em 11 especies vegetais. As intensidades de visitas por flor e areas de exposicao floral foram superior nas especies de plantas que foram visitadas pelas abelhas africanizadas A. mellifera cujos comportamentos de coleta resultavam em transferencia de polen aos estigmas das flores. Estima-se que 70,5% de todas as visitas promovidas por A. mellifera africanizada no decorrer do ano na regiao de estudo ocorreram em Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), Grazielia cf. dimorpholepis (Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob (Asteraceae) , e Gouania cf. latifolia Reissek (Rhaminaceae), demonstrando, dessa forma, um padrao sazonal, com picos de atividade em janeiro, abril e agosto, respectivamente. Por outro lado, houve fraca atividade de forrageio em junho e entre setembro e novembro.

El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) se ve afectado por la sequía, la cual al presentarse durante la etapa reproductiva puede afectar considerablemente sus componentes morfológicos y fisiológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la variabilidad genética en el rendimiento de semilla y sus componentes y fenología de la planta en tiempo térmico (°Cd) en variedades de frijol ‘Flor de Mayo’ y de frijol negro del sur de Veracruz, en riego y sequía bajo una cubierta plástica, en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo en primavera-verano 2014. En riego, las variedades FM M38, FM Sol y FM RMC sobresalieron por presentar mayor rendimiento de semilla (RS), biomasa aérea (BMA), índice de cosecha (IC), grados día a floración (GDF) y grados día a madurez fisiológica (GDMF), mientras que en sequía, FM M38 y FM Sol tuvieron altos valores en RS, BMA, GDF y GDMF. La sequía disminuyó el RS (42.1%), BMA (31.7%), IC (13.4%), número de vainas por planta (VP; 36.5%), semillas por planta (SP; 43.9%), semillas por vaina (SV; 10.3%) y peso individual de semilla (PIS; 16.2%) con respecto a riego. El RS de las variedades ‘Flor de Mayo’ y de frijoles negros, en condiciones de riego se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la BMA, el IC y el PIS. Bajo sequía, el RS se relacionó positiva y significativamente con la BMA y con el IC.

In this work, the taxonomic study of Salvinia from the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil is presented. We analyzed materials from herbaria BHCB, BHZB, CAY, CESJ, CVRD, DIAM, ESAL, FLOR, FUEL, FURB, HAS, HB, HBR, HUFU, HURG, ICN, MBM, MBML, OUPR, PACA, R, RB, SJRP, SP, SPF, SPFR, UEC, UPCB, VIC, VIES, plus online images of types, and field studies. In southern and southeastern Brazil, nine taxa of Salvinia occur, of which two are new to science: S. auriculata var. major C.V. Miranda & Schwartsb., var. nov., S. biloba Raddi, S. cucullata Roxb., S. × delasotae C.V. Miranda & Schwartsb., hybr. nov., S. herzogii de la Sota, S. oblongifolia Mart., S. minima Baker, S. molesta D.S. Mitch., and S. radula Baker. Salvinia cucullata and S. × delasotae are cultivated taxa, not occurring naturally. Based on studies of plants from French Guiana, we concluded that S. auriculata s. str. (= S. auriculata var. auriculata) does not occur in southern and southeastern Brazil. Updated nomenclatural headings, descriptions, illustrations, key, and maps of distribution of all taxa are also presented.

Iron is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. The mechanisms of iron transport and homeostasis have been studied in detail in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, and iron metabolism in the strains isolated from different ecological niches was found to vary. In the present work, comparative analysis of iron homeostasis in the wine and flor yeast strains was carried out. Flor yeasts are characterized by their ability to grow as a biofilms on the surface of fortified wine materials, where they carry out oxidative metabolism. We have found that flor strains are more sensitive to elevated iron concentrations as compared to wine strains and accumulate iron more efficiently when grown in iron-limited media. These features correlate with the Q648X mutation in the Aft1p transcription factor, resulting in emergence of its truncated form and with the chromosomal rearrangement resulting in the deletion of the FRE-FIT cluster containing the Fre3p and Fre5p iron reductase genes and of the Fit2p and Fit3p membrane proteins responsible for accumulation of siderophore-bound iron in the cell wall. Our results indicate a significant adaptive role of these variations in the iron homeostasis genes for the physiology of flor yeasts, since selection of these organisms was accompanied by adaptation to growth on materials with low iron content, such as fortified fermented wort obtained from grapes grown in traditional areas of sherry wine-making, which is important for the preservation of specific properties of sherry wines.

A halofita Salicornia neei Lag. apresenta ciclo de vida perene e elevada tolerância a salinidade intersticial. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a fenologia e as exigencias termicas da Salicornia neei Lag. cultivada no semiarido cearense. O monitoramento ocorreu em area de cultivo de 200 m 2 em Ocara-CE, semiarido cearense. Foram marcadas 20 plantas aleatoriamente (10 femininas e 10 masculinas), e irrigadas uma vez ao dia por 30 minutos. Foram observadas as fenofases de enfolhamento, queda foliar, floracao e frutificacao, no periodo de junho de 2014 a maio de 2015. O enfolhamento predominou durante todo o periodo monitorado, e apresentou uma baixa intensidade de queda foliar. A floracao ocorreu de setembro de 2014 a marco de 2015, e a frutificacao ocorreu de setembro de 2014 ate abril de 2015. Os resultados indicaram que a energia exigida por S. neei desde a marcacao da planta ate a flor em antese foi de 1.139,2 unidades de calor (UC). Para a frutificacao, a partir da flor em antese ate o estadio de fruto maduro foi de 1.282,4 UC. Conclui-se que a S. neei teve uma boa adaptacao ao semiarido, alcancando todas as fenofases de seu ciclo perene, com uma irrigacao diaria. A falta de sincronia na floracao e frutificacao dificulta a colheita das plantas quando maduras, podendo induzir a erros, levando a uma subestimativa na producao de flores e frutos quando estimadas. A B S T R A C T The Halophyte Salicornia neei Lag. features perennial life cycle and high tolerance to salinity of interstitial. This work aimed to characterize the phenology and the thermal requirements of Salicornia neei Lag. grown in the semiarid. The monitoring occurred in growing area of 200 m 2 in Ocara-CE, Ceara semiarid. 20 plants were marked at random (10 female and 10 male), and irrigated once a day for 30 minutes. Observed the phenophases of leafiness, fall foliage, flowering and fruiting in the period June 2014 to May 2015. The leafiness prevailed throughout the period monitored, and presented a low intensity of leaf fall.Flowering occurred September 2014 and March 2015, and fruiting occurred September 2014 until April 2015. The results indicated that the energy required by S. neei since marking of the plant until the flower anthesis was 1,139.2 heat units (HU). For the fruiting, from the flower anthesis until the mature fruit stage was of 1,282.4 HU.It is concluded that S. neei had a good adaptation to the semi-arid, reaching all the phenophases of your perennial cycle, with a daily irrigation. The lack of synchrony on flowering and fruiting difficult to harvest plants when mature, and may induce errors, leading to an underestimate in the production of flowers and fruit when estimated. Keywords: Phenophase, halophytic vegetation, salinity

One of the popular plots of the Russian literary ballad of the last third of the 18th – the first decade of the 19th century was the story of treacherous love. Ya. B. Knyazhnin’s Flor and Lisa. A Tale in Verses (1778) is one of the first Russian ballads. In addition, this is the first Russian ballad with the appearance of the dead man – the plot situation is so productive in the subsequent, romantic period. It is characteristic that at the early stage of the formation of a new literary genre, the nomination “ballad” does not appear for all authors. Poets get along either without a genre designation, or use more familiar nominations, genres in origin related to a lyro-epic ballad: song, romance, “fairy tale in verses”. We observe, on the one hand, the variability of genre nominations for the lyric-epic narration of a personal dramatic event, and on the other hand, the instability of ideas about the formal and substantive components of the genre of “ballad”. The most typologically close to Flor and Lisa is the N. M. Karamzin’s ballad Alina (). Both ballads are devoted to the theme of infidelity and both develop a ballad version of the fairy-tale plot “The husband at the wife’s wedding”, which ends with the transition to the world of the dead and the reunion of lovers. In addition, the similarity lies in a detailed narrative manner and the psychologization of the ballad conflict through direct author commentary. In Flor and Lisa, all events – love, betrayal and the reunion of lovers in death – are presented as extraordinary. The tragic ending is due to the mysterious connection of the fate of the two characters, reinforced by the mythology of the “plant code”. The verification technique (quatrains, four-footed iambic, cross-rhyme, alternating female and male clauses) emphasizes the tightness of the love story. In Karamzin’s Alina, the course of action is due to a combination of universal laws of human existence and the fateful connection of characters. The ballad event is the final union of lovers, despite their stay in different worlds, earthly and heavenly. The mythopoetic basis of the plot is composed of images of changing elements and nature. The verification technique (non-strophic four-foot iambic with free rhyme) supports the idea of fluidity, whimsicality of the elements of life.