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This research is devoted to the investigation of the relay multi-stage relay MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) of cellular communication with antenna arrays at each stage of transmission, in which parallel independent subchannels for data transmission are formed, are considered. The possibility of minimizing the error probability per bit of transmitted information is investigated while using the method of separate optimization of each transmission stage and the threshold method for selecting energetically strong subchannels. The presented simulation results in the case of a multipath channel with Rayleigh signal fading confirm the high efficiency of the proposed approach.

Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for the psycho-semantic experiment on visual perception of imitative words in native (Russian) and non-native language (English). The methodology of the experiment is predominantly based on the implementation of the “lexical decision” method. Thus, the aim of the article is to verify the procedure of and to define clear-cut criteria for the material selection. In particular, we introduce indicating de-iconization stage of imitative words as an important criterion for data pre-selection. De-iconization is a gradual loss of an iconic sound-sense link in an imitative word due to the parallel impact of regular sound changes and semantic shifts.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the works ofS. V. Voronin who is the founder of phonosemantics as a linguistic discipline inRussia, as well as on works of his followers (including a co-author of this paper, M. A. Flaksman). The article is also based on the methodology of research on phonotactics. The authors also use psycho-semantic methods such as the method of lexical decision. The main sources of stimuli selection are The Russia Etymological Dictionary by M. Vasmer, The Oxford English Dictionary, the frequency dictionaries by O. N. Liashevskaya and S. A. Sharov. The classification of imitative words according to their de-iconization stages was done by the method of the diachronic evaluation of the imitative lexicon.Results and discussion. As a result of a rigorous selection procedure described in the article the authors arrived on 128 stimuli (an even number (64 + 64) of words and quasiwords). The quasi-words are coined according to phonotactic rules and made according to the same pattern as the corresponding words. The group of real words is constituted of two sub-groups: 32 imitative words and 32 non-imitative words. The words from these two subgroups are homomorphous – they have the same number of syllables, frequency and belong to the same parts of speech. Imitative words include onomatopoeic and soundsymbolic words of different sub-classes and de-iconization stages. The combination of the material selection methods discussed in this paper (especially, the introduction of the distinction of imitative words according to their de-iconization stage) is aiming at facilitating the experiment procedure as well as eliminating the chance factors.Conclusion. The stimuli selection for the psycholinguistic experiment based on the procedure introduced in this paper allows to establish the existing patterns of the systematic function of human brain in the process of visual perception of imitative words on different de-iconization stages.

We consider the problem of using the concept of a virtual antenna array in a MIMO radar for estimating the angular location of the target in the presence of signals reflected from the ground surface. The formal criteria of realizability of a virtual antenna array are formulated. Various antenna configurations are analyzed theoretically. The restrictions on the location of the receiving and transmitting antennas of a MIMO radar are established. Using numerical simulation, the influence of the reflected signals on the accuracy of determining the angular location of a target is studied for various antenna configurations.

Jeanne Favret-Saada constrói um plano metodológico inteiramente novo na antropologia que reconhecemos nas dobras de seus textos várias linhas de criação e diferentes ideias-ferramentas que podem ser experimentadas por outros/as praticantes da pesquisa na antropologia. Como uma caixa de ferramentas, seus textos oferecem, mais do que pontos de apoio, linhas de derivação e flutuação que apontam caminhos para criação etnográfica. A ideia de traduzir esses três artigos de Jeanne Favret-Saada surgiu da nossa compreensão comum sobre a importância de seu modo de fazer e de conceber a antropologia que a autora propagou na disciplina e que fertilizou nossos respectivos trabalhos. A nossa proposta de trazer esses três textos para os/as leitores/as da Cadernos de Campo nasce de um desejo de que sua obra –profundamente original e provocadora– seja mais conhecida do público brasileiro. Os artigos são elaborações mais recentes em que a autora retoma três momentos de sua obra: pesquisa etnográfica sobre feitiçaria, pesquisa com material de imprensa sobre polêmicas públicas religiosas e pesquisa em arquivos da Igreja Católica. Nas transições das questões intelectuais de cada artigo, podemos ver as ferramentas criadas por Jeanne Favret-Saada.

Contribuições acadêmicas sobre a responsabilidade das Igrejas no extermínio dos Judeus durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial contrastam o “anti-Semitismo” Nazista (a aversão pelos Judeus como um grupo racial) com o “anti-Judaísmo” Cristão (a aversão cristã pela religião judaica), da mesma forma que poderíamos opor o novo ao antigo, o moderno ao tradicional, o político ao religioso, ciência à tecnologia. A autora mostra, usando quatro exemplos (León Poliakov, Hannah Arendt, Colette Guillaumin, Thomas Nipperdey & Reinhard Rürup), que essa discussão nos leva a ignorar as ações das igrejas no processo que levou da invenção do termo anti-Semita em 1879 à destruição dos Judeus pelos Nazistas.

This essay traces a parallel between the series “Museu do Homem Diagonal,” created in 2013 by Brazilian artist Renata Lucas in Rio de Janeiro, and Conical Intersect, created in 1975 by American artist Gordon Matta-Clark in Paris. Despite their different contexts, both artists responded to the ongoing urban transformations through the creation of a dialogue between their work, the changing surroundings, and the city dwellers. By analyzing how the artists evoked displacement and memory through urban interventions, this essay highlights the role of art in questioning the transitory nature of cities and its ability to imagine alternative scenarios.

We propose a quasioptimal method of separate optimization in a multistage relay MIMO system, which is based on optimization of the root-mean-square error between the input and output signals successively for each transmission stage. Rigorous analytical expressions for the spatial coding and decoding matrices are obtained. Separate optimization simplifies the system construction due to a significant reduction in the number of auxiliary (service) communication links, which are necessary for transmitting the channel information, compared with the joint optimization. The simulation results show the high efficiency of the proposed method.

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature, characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective.Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling, etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English.Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times. The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English.Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words: 1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use, 3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes – regular sense and meaning development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language’s imitative lexicon.Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words’ de-iconization and replacement on the later stages of the language’s development.

In this paper it is presented Digital Watermark System for color images. The main feature of this system is an ability to extract digital watermarks even after printing and following scanning of watermarked images. There is a description of algorithms for embedding and extracting of additional information. These methods are based on the usage of spread-spectrum signals in the frequency domain. Furthermore, there is described algorithms of distortion correction after printing out and following scanning the paper copies of digital data. The results of the experimental research on evaluation of a possible embedding volume and the reliability after extraction of the embedded data are also presented.

Presentes em muitas religiões de matriz afroindígena, caboclos são entidades plásticas, que escapam a definições precisas e se destacam pelo seu movimento. Levando a sério essa propensão dos caboclos ao movimento, este texto evita perguntas relativas à origem ou natureza dessas entidades em favor de uma abordagem que acompanha seus trajetos, buscando identificar os efeitos de suas passagens pelas vidas das pessoas e terreiros baianos onde atuam. Conforme mostra, nas casas em que têm papel de destaque, os caboclos performam uma topologia móvel que aproxima e junta de maneiras variáveis tempos, paisagens e práticas diversas. No seu movimento, os caboclos ajudam a compor o terreiro como espaço em que novas conexões podem se produzir. Se o resultado dessa composição pode ser chamado de mistura, é importante ressaltar que o sentido de mistura aqui é social: remete à possibilidade de convivência entre seres diferentes.

Resumo Este artigo investiga o parentesco, tanto “de santo” quanto “de sangue”, a partir de uma etnografia do terreiro de candomblé Ilê Iyá Omi Axé Iyamassé (mais conhecido como Gantois), em Salvador, Bahia. O tema que abordo baseia-se numa reflexão sobre o parentesco no candomblé, mais especificamente sobre os modelos de transmissão dos orixás (e de outras entidades) entre os membros de uma mesma família e as possíveis conexões entre esses modelos e alguns dos princípios daqueles que se convencionou chamar "novos estudos do parentesco". O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, analisar a questão do “parentesco de santo”, entendido como a rede familiar que surge a partir da feitura do noviço em um terreiro de candomblé, e do “parentesco de sangue”, a família consanguínea do iniciado, questionando assim a separação entre elas. Abstract This article focuses on kinship relations established both through the “saints” (parentesco de santo) and through blood relations (parentesco de sangue), in the Candomblé temple of Ilê Iyá Omi Axé Iyamassé (better known as Gantois), situated in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. I reflect on kinship relations in Afro-Brazilian religions, and more specifically on the models for the transmission of the orishas (and other entities) between family members, as well as the possible connections between those models and some of the principles of the so called “new kinship studies”. This article therefore aims to analyse the matter of “saint kinship”, seen as the family network that is created after a novice`s initiation into a Candomblé temple, and “blood kinship”, the consanguineal family of the initiate, weaving differences and connections between one and the other. Resumen Este artículo investiga el parentesco, tanto “de santo” como “de sangre”, desde una etnografía del terreiro Ilê Iyá Omi Axé Iyamassé (más conocido como Gantois) en Salvador, Bahía. El tema que abordo se basa en una reflexión sobre el parentesco en el candomblé, más específicamente sobre los modelos de transmisión de los orixás (y de otras entidades) entre los miembros de una misma familia y las posibles conexiones ente estos modelos y algunos de los principios de esos que se convino en llamar “nuevos estudios de parentesco”. El objetivo del artículo es, por lo tanto, analizar el problema del “parentesco de santo’, entendida como la red familiar que surge a partir de la hechura del novicio en un terreiro de candomblé, y del “parentesco de sangre”, la familia consanguínea del iniciado, cuestionando así la separación ente ellas.

We propose a new variant of the superresolution method of minimum polynomial of the correlation matrix for estimating the number and angular coordinates of the closely located sources of the signals recorded by the antenna array. The method ensures the direction finding of the sources by determining roots of the denominator of the pseudospectral function (the root method). Special attention is paid to the cases of strongly correlated signal sources and a short sample of the input process when the number of samples is smaller than that of array elements. The efficiencies of the angular superresolution for the root and spectral variants of the method of minimum polynomial, as well as the root MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) method are compared.

The effectiveness of the projection minimal polynomial method for solving the problem of determining the number of sources of signals acting on an antenna array (AA) with an arbitrary configuration and their angular directions has been studied. The method proposes estimating the degree of the minimal polynomial of the correlation matrix (CM) of the input process in the AA on the basis of a statistically validated root-mean-square criterion. Special attention is paid to the case of the ultrashort sample of the input process when the number of samples is considerably smaller than the number of AA elements, which is important for multielement AAs. It is shown that the proposed method is more effective in this case than methods based on the AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion) or minimum description length (MDL) criterion.