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The study focused on gender roles in the construction and operation of traditional fishing gears in three fishing communities (Otuocha, Ogbaru, and Ebenebe) of Anambra State, Nigeria. Sixty(60) structured descriptive questionnaires were used for data collection. Information from the various respondents in the study revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 37 years with the majority being literate and married with an average family size of 6. The data collected show that there are more males (58.3%) engaged in fish gear production and operation than females (41.7%).The result also showed that 82.9% of the respondents involved in active fishing were male while 17.1% of the respondent involved in active fishing were female. The study also revealed the challenges faced by fishing gear producers to include lack of access to credit, lack of access to materials, high cost of materials, and no formal training, while the major challenges faced by fishermen in the study areas includes insufficient gears, lack of canoes/boats, tedious nature, lack of cold room for storage, and no access to adequate market. Government involvement is hereby recommended to organize periodic training, distribution of loan facilities and inputs, to catalyze and co-ordinate activities in fish gear production and operation as well as other functions such processing and trading. More so, awareness should be created on gender equality and the need to involve more women in both professionalization of harvest and post-harvest activities to strengthen fishing activities in these communities.

Traditional rural livelihoods are disappearing due to natural resource decline, climate pressure and, also modernization. This study explores livelihood diversification from primary economic activities into tourism employment in rural communities. We examine the developmental role of tourism in areas where traditional activities, in this case fishing, have declined and tourism is growing. This article presents the findings of two case studies: the coastal communities of Padstow (UK) and Paternoster (South Africa). The approach is qualitative and draws on sustainable livelihoods and social well-being notions to examine how affected people "cope with change" with respect to tourism diversification, and individual and community well-being. While the socioeconomic and sociopolitical contexts in the two research sites differ, the findings show that narratives about belonging and identity feature prominently with respect to fishing livelihoods in both cases. Small-scale fishing, perceived as a way of life for fishers, is under threat in both areas, yet there is limited evidence of concerted efforts to plan and manage the potential diversification processes into tourism. Nonetheless, we observe that tourism does provide some opportunities for fishing-dependent communities and outline some avenues for stronger collaboration, particularly by focusing on culinary tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: fishing communities continue to face a heavy burden of HIV-infection. Access to HIV prevention methods remains problematic. Provision of affordable interventions such as condoms can help, but there is limited information on consistent condom use and associated factors among members of fishing communities around Lake Victoria. Methods: we promoted and provided free condoms to HIV negative fisherfolks enrolled in a longitudinal observational cohort between 2012 and 2017 in Uganda. We defined consistent condom use as a participant selfreporting 100% condom use while having sex with a new sexual partner. Results: in total 615 persons were analysed. Of these 63 (10.2%) reported consistent condom use. Being male, Muslim and mobile were independently associated with high consistent condom use while having sex under influence of alcohol and having genital discharge or sores were associated with low use. Conclusion: findings suggest low consistent condom use, calling for attention to barriers to consistent condom use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal and policy framework on child trafficking is dismissive of children's agency and regards them as vulnerable personalities. This paper examines the scope of children's agency in their transportation to other communities for fishing in Ghana. Using a phenomenological design, 17 child returnees' views were elicited on their movement for fishing activities. Findings revealed that children's agentive capabilities progressed primarily from consent giving to negotiation. Highlighting the relational and material context within which children's agency unfolds, the study suggests that it is erroneous to generally ascribe the discursive label of 'innocence' to children who are considered as trafficked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Like women in fishing communities elsewhere, the women interviewed as part of this study play a pivotal in the fishing sector. When there is an aggravated depletion of fish capture in this coastal area, households witness very gendered livelihood transitions. Able-bodied men mostly seek livelihoods elsewhere. The women left behind face a situation of poverty and multiple transitions at the household, market and community levels. While the supply chain of farmed fish provided livelihood opportunities to these women, the transition was fraught with perils and challenges both at the market and household levels. Capital, in its different human, financial, and social forms, defines to a greater extent the parameters of these livelihood transitions. • Households adapted to fish capture decline by pursuing alternate sources of income both within and without the fishing sector. • Livelihood transitions are gendered. Men's mobility leaves women with persisting poverty and compounded responsibilities. • Livelihood transitions are mediated by their access to different forms of capital in the wider sense of the term. • Farmed fish provided women, and a few men, with work opportunities in the supply chain, but the transition was not smooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there has been a general acknowledgement of the need to provide decent housing for the underprivileged, the self-help housing approach has been found to provide a more focused built environment. The Million House and Zero Slum Program was launched by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) to overcome housing backlogs and reduce slum settlements within five years. The GoI has gradually championed participatory design (PD) to develop compatible prototype housing designs. This study used an action research approach to examine a housing provision program for fishing communities, determine the contributions of each stakeholder in the PD and assess the community and government interest levels in the decision-making process. Significant obstacles were found to the existing self-help housing approach and that the authority's decision determined the final result. It was also found that the PD program failed to consider the end-user's needs in the house design because the expected equal partnership between the government as the donor and the community as the benefactor was not achieved and there was still a malfunctioning top-down approach. This study provides valuable information on the government's role in the PD process by examining the various volatile interest levels of the engaged stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey conducted in Terekeka, Mongalla (=Mongalla) and Gemmaiza (= Gemeiza), payams of Central Equatoria in South Sudan using face-to-face interviews, structured questionnaire and focused group discussion provided information on income generating strategies of fishing communities. These included: full time or part time fishing, small-scale farming, cattle breeding and firewood collection. Stationary gill nets were the dominant type of fishing gear, followed by monofilament, hook and long line, cast nets, spears and harpoons. Fishing vessels included planked canoes, steel boats and fibreglass. The best fishing months were August, September, followed by May. Main species caught included large bodied potamodromous predators adapted to channel habitats, as well as floodplain migrants. Overall the fish community appeared to be at equilibrium, with no evidence of impacts due to excessive catch efforts. The good health of the White Nile fishery is related to the high resilience of South Sudanese aquatic ecosystems as well as to the low potential of fish capture in a country disrupted by war and lack of security.

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In Uganda, people living in fishing communities tend to engage in high-risk sexual activity which leads to unintended pregnancies that may end in abortions. Abortion has negative social, psychological, and medical impacts. We determined the frequency of abortion and its correlates among female fisher-folk along Lake Victoria in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women aged 15– 49 years from Kigungu and Nsazi fishing communities. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, abortion, and family planning use. Associations between abortion and participant characteristics were assessed using logistic regression models. Results: Of the 713 women interviewed, 36, 5% were pregnant and 247, 34.6 % were using contraception. Majority (600, 84.2%) of those interviewed reported ever being pregnant. Approximately 45% of the pregnancies were un-intended while a third of those who had ever been pregnant (195, 32.5%) reported having aborted before. Slightly over a third (247, 34.6%) reported currently using or ever using family planning. Women aged 30+ years were more likely to abort compared to those aged 15-29 years (aOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.23-5.91). Women who had living children were less likely to abort compared to those who didn't have any living child (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.17). Conclusion: The rate of abortion among female fisher-folk in Uganda is substantial. Family planning use is still low and unintended pregnancies are common. Abortion risk increased with the age of the mother. Continuous behavioral change communication and optimization of family planning use are recommended to reduce abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has a great variety of aquatic ecosystems; however, most of them present significant contamination levels. Despite the efforts to monitor toxic and bioaccumulative persistent pollutants, they are still insufficient and outdated data from Mexican coasts, especially in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), due to the number of aquatic bodies that have received little or no attention. In this regard, the Mexican Pacific's coastal zones and their aquatic ecosystems monitoring PCBs and PAHs in biota is critical because it allows us to estimate the potential risk to human health. This work aimed to determine the total concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (SPCBs) and total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) in the muscle of fish collected in two coastal lagoons of the central Mexican Pacific and to determine the noncarcinogenic risk ratio (HQ) based on the monthly per capita consumption of national fish and the consumption of fish associated with fishing communities in Mexico. It was found that the potential risk for fishing communities is considerably higher and correlates to the rate of fish consumption, highlighting their vulnerability to these contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing communities living near gold mining areas are at increased risk of mercury (Hg) exposure via bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in fish. This exposure has been linked to health effects that may be triggered by genotoxic events. Genetic polymorphisms play a role in the risk associated with Hg exposure. This study evaluated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic and DNA repair genes on genetic instability and total hair Hg (T-Hg) levels in 78 individuals from "La Mojana" in northern Colombia and 34 individuals from a reference area. Genetic instability was assessed by the frequency of micronuclei (MNBN), nuclear buds (NBUDS), and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB). We used a Poisson regression to assess the influence of SNPs on T-Hg levels and genetic instability, and a Bayesian regression to examine the interaction between Hg detoxification and DNA repair. Among exposed individuals, carriers of XRCC1 Arg399Gln had a significantly higher frequency of MNBN. Conversely, the XRCC1 Arg194Trp and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were associated with lower frequencies of MNBN. XRCC1 Arg399Gln , XRCC1 Arg280His , and GSTM1 Null carriers showed lower NPB frequencies. Our results also indicated that individuals with the GSTM1 Null and GSTT1 null polymorphisms had a 1.6-fold risk for higher T-Hg levels. The Bayesian model showed increased MNBN frequencies in carriers of the GSTM1 Null polymorphism in combination with XRCC1 Arg399Gln and increased NBUDS frequencies in the GSTM1 Null carriers with the XRCC3 Thr241Met and OGG1 Ser326Cys alleles. The GSTM1 + variant was found to be a protective factor in individuals carrying OGG1 Ser326Cys (MNBN) and XRCC1 Arg280His (NPB); the GSTT1 + polymorphism combined with XRCC Arg194Trp also modulated lower MNBN frequencies, while GSTT1 + carriers with the XRCC1 Arg399Gln allele showed lower NPB frequencies. Consistent with GSTM1, GSTT1 Null carriers with XRCC3 Thr241Met showed increased NBUDS frequency. With the rise of gold mining activities, these approaches are vital to identify and safeguard populations vulnerable to Hg's toxic effects. • All polymorphisms were significantly associated with MNBN only in the exposed populations. • GSTM1 Null and GSTT1 Null individuals have a 1.6 times higher risk of elevated T-Hg levels. • XRCC1Arg399Gln carriers exhibit elevated MNBN frequencies. • Bayesian model finds high MNBN frequencies in GSTM1 Null & XRCC1 Arg399Gln carriers. • Increased frequencies NBUDS were present in GSTM1 Null , XRCC3 Thr241Met & OGG1 Ser326Cys carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine fisheries have significant socio-economic importance for fishing communities globally, and a broad range of management systems are used to promote fisheries sustainability. In the U.S., rights-based fisheries management was federally implemented to align economic incentives with conservation objectives, and to facilitate long-term fisheries sustainability. However, the creation of transferable fishery access privileges also led to consolidation of fishery assets in some fisheries and regions, which can limit fishery access and shift the distribution of economic benefits. In response, some fishing communities established fisheries trusts, which are community-based entities that acquire and manage fishery privileges with the goal of sustaining community access to locally important fisheries. In addition to mitigating fishery access challenges, fisheries trusts can advance broader fisheries sustainability and community resilience goals. Despite the national footprint of fisheries trusts, no comprehensive assessment has been conducted to inform their formation, operation, impact, and challenges. This study presents a national review of fisheries trusts and a case study in California where five fisheries trusts were established in the commercial groundfish fishery. This review finds that fisheries trusts in the U.S. have grown in regional clusters in response to implementation of federal rights-based management systems (e.g., Individual Fishing Quota programs). Fisheries trusts in the U.S. maintain a primary focus on economic goals and secondary focus on conservation goals, but evaluation and measurement of performance requires improved information tracking and reporting. The case study illustrates how the development of fisheries trusts can address community-specific fishery access challenges and incentivize marine conservation practices. • Fisheries trusts emerged following the federal implementation of rights-based fisheries management in the U.S. • Fisheries trusts are community entities that acquire and manage fishery use rights for sustaining access to fisheries. • Fisheries trust management requires resources for leadership capacity, community support, and acquiring fishery use rights. • Evaluating the performance of trusts can be informed from lessons in other sectors, such as land trusts. • Fisheries trusts do not address all fishery access challenges, but can maintain diversified access to fishery opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and anticipating the effects of climate change on fisheries social-ecological systems (FSESs) is central to proactive fisheries management in a changing global climate. With fisheries management increasingly striving to consider interactions and feedbacks among people, targeted species, and the broader ecological and human communities, fisheries managers and participants need tools to help them assess these complex systems. We developed a new climate vulnerability assessment framework for analyzing the impacts of a climate-induced trend or event on a FSES. The framework divides the FSES into four interrelated and interacting domains: Ecological Community, Fished Species, Fishery, and Human Community. The framework provides a systematic approach to account for indirect as well as direct effects, links among subsystems, and multiple climate change-induced stressors. We demonstrate the framework’s utility by applying it to three case studies: the effects of a marine heatwave on the Dungeness crab FSES, the effects of a marine heatwave on the red sea urchin FSES, and the effects of long-term climate trends on North Pacific albacore. We found that the effects of a climatic trend or event on a FSES are often indirect and can trigger diverse and important feedbacks. These examples also showed that the climatic trend or event may cause changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing effort and fished species that have a more significant impact on the FSES than changes to species abundance per se. Unlike other climate vulnerability assessment frameworks and applications, ours is designed to enable consideration of the range of feedbacks within and among both the ecological and human communities. As such, it is a valuable tool to guide the holistic examination and assessment of potential impacts to FSESs.

The state is obliged to strive for the realization of justice for traditional fishing communities. Traditional communities are fishing communities whose traditional rights are still recognized in carrying out fishing activities or other legal activities in certain areas located in archipelagic waters following the international law of the sea. Coastal space areas and small islands that indigenous/traditional communities have managed from the obligation to have location permits and management take national interests and laws and regulations into account. Article 26 A of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 makes it easy for outsiders to control small islands that regulate the use of small islands and surrounding coasts through investment forms based on a ministerial permit that must prioritize the national interest. Positive law must protect traditional fishing communities and indigenous peoples. This research aims to analyze the regulation of fishermen’s protection from deprivation of their rights in earning a living and livelihood. The research method used is normative research, meaning the implementation of legal provisions in the form of legislation in activities for certain legal events in the community, especially the fishing community. Normative research refers to and examines laws and regulations related to the research being conducted. The research locations cover coastal areas throughout Indonesia, especially Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Kupang, Ternate, and Mataram. The state can provide knowledge, guidance, and protection for fishermen from various actions of deprivation of their rights to earn a living and protection such as piracy, the practice of fishing theft, abuse of trawling, transshipment activities, threats, and violence by foreign parties to Indonesian fishers. The central government and local governments are obliged to provide facilities for guaranteeing fishing areas or fishing coverage areas that are safe and do not overlap with other fields.

Commercial, recreational, and indigenous fisheries are critical to coastal economies and communities in the United States. For over three decades, the federal government has formally recognized the impact of fishery disasters via federal declarations. Despite these impacts, national syntheses of the dynamics, impacts, and causes of fishery disasters are lacking. We developed a nationwide Federal Fishery Disaster database using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fishery disaster declarations and fishery revenue data. From 1989-2020, there were 71 federally approved fishery disasters (eleven are pending), which spanned every federal fisheries management region and coastal state in the country. To date, we estimate fishery disasters resulted in $2B (2019 USD) in Congressional allocations, and an additional, conservative estimate of $3.2B (2019 USD) in direct revenue loss. Despite this scale of impact, the disaster assistance process is largely ad hoc and lacks sufficient detail to properly assess allocation fairness and benefit. Nonetheless, fishery disasters increased in frequency over time, and the causes of disasters included a broad range of anthropogenic and environmental factors, with a recent shift to disasters now almost exclusively caused by extreme environmental events (e.g., marine heatwaves, hurricanes, and harmful algal blooms). Nationwide, 84.5% of fishery disasters were either partially or entirely attributed to extreme environmental events. As climate change drives higher rates of such extreme events, and as natural disaster assistance requests reach an all-time high, the federal system for fisheries disaster declaration and mitigation must evolve in order to effectively protect both fisheries sustainability and societal benefit.

The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) management, recognising complexity, aims for the holistic, sustainable management of fisheries to promote healthy marine ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods. Effective implementation of the EAF has been problematic as we continue to grapple with issues of scale, knowledge integration and meaningful stakeholder engagement. Scenario-planning approaches in marine social ecological systems (SES) can address some of these challenges. Using systems-thinking, scenario-planning presents the opportunity to address challenges simultaneously at different scales of interaction by addressing the needs at smaller and larger decision-making scales. We here present a prototype scenario-based approach in which we used structured decision-making tools (SDMTs) in an iterative and interactive research process with marginalised stakeholders in a small-scale fishery in South Africa’s southern Cape. Using this approach presented an opportunity for fishers to consider pathways for future responses to change while enhancing personal and local adaptive capacity. At the same time, these marginalised fishers were provided with an important opportunity to freely air their views while engaging with tools new to them. The process did not only benefit fishers, but also provided valuable insights into how they view and experience their marine SES. The use of these tools has provided a means to integrate different knowledge streams, identifying ways in which challenges presented by scale in SES is better addressed. As a next step in the prototype development, expansion to more diverse stakeholders in the biogeographical region relevant for this fishery is recommended. We highlight how this approach can contribute to multi-level governance. When considering EAF implementation, we highlight how engaging marginalised stakeholders need not mean losing the reproducible, transparent processes required for modern management. Lastly, we discuss how multi-scalar flow of information could improve the implementation of an EAF in a developing society, such as that of South Africa.

The Gulf of California harbor porpoise or “vaquita” is the most endangered cetacean in the world. Threatened with extinction by the use of gillnets, the development of a new lightweight trawl could prove to be the most promising tool for the vaquita’s conservation. The complexity of socio-economic factors in the Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Biosphere Reserve has tied fishing communities and vaquita conservation together in an antagonistic relationship. The application of market incentives provides a unique opportunity for collaboration and mutual gain. This paper explores the use of ecolabels as tools for conservation and envisions the development of a Vaquita-Safe ecolabel. Caveats, next steps, and project development are discussed.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major global health concern. Although it is prevalent in Kenya, there is scant literature on what factors contribute to CSA vulnerability on Kenya's islands. This paper is based on a cross-sectional study of men's perspectives on factors contributing to CSA vulnerability on Kenya's islands. This qualitative study, therefore, focused on opinion leaders, children's officers, male community members, and boat owners from selected islands (Mageta, Magare, Oyamo and Ndeda) in western Kenya. Several factors emerged as contributing to CSA vulnerability on the islands: social stigmatisation and cultural sensitivity of CSA, proximity to social services, unrestricted migration, perceptions of legal costs, lack of committed witnesses, and commodification of sex for economic survival. This article recommends a local, targeted campaign for these fishing communities that promotes common goals, such as a safe and healthy environment for children, and working together to achieve these goals. Such a campaign has the potential to bring together a community to fight CSA and to increase its bargaining power to reduce CSA vulnerability. When a community does not agree on shared principles and expectations, deviant behaviour such as CSA has room to flourish, because community members cannot effectively organise themselves against it. It is hoped that the findings in this article might contribute some key insights on vulnerability experienced in remote areas that might be used by policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversy over the expansion of pound netting in the largest US fisheries of the late nineteenth century marked an early conflict between those who considered fisheries a commons and those who sought to establish property rights in a fishery. Pound-netters physically staked out a specific part of the sea for their exclusive use, and their conception of their property rights resulted in significant overfishing of important food – and oil – fish species. Here, just as with the commons that many economists argue inevitably result in over-exploitation of a resource, regulation was rebuffed and the fisheries collapsed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effectiveness of a co-management arrangement and also explored, quantitatively, the relationship between socioeconomic factors, losers’ characteristics, and co-management effectiveness in Madagascar with a moderate sample size. The paper found that losers were further away from the market, commercialized most of their catch, but have higher dependence on marine livelihood and fewer other occupations.

Abstract Background High retention (follow-up) rates improve the validity and statistical power of outcomes in longitudinal studies and the effectiveness of programs with prolonged administration of interventions. We assessed participant retention in a potential HIV vaccine trials population of fishing communities along Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods In a community-based individual randomized trial, 662 participants aged 15–49 years were randomized to either mobile phone or physical contact tracing reminders and followed up at months 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 18 post-enrolment. The visit schedules aimed at mimicking a vaccine efficacy trial representing an early interval (months 1–6) where most vaccinations would be administered and a later period of post-vaccination follow-up. The primary outcome was retention measured as the proportion of post-baseline follow up visits completed by a participant. Retention was estimated in early and later follow-up intervals, and overall for all the six follow-up visits. Adjusted differences in retention between the study arms were determined by multivariable logistic regression using Stata® 14. One participant was later dropped from the analysis because of age ineligibility discovered after enrolment. Results Of the expected total follow up visits of 3966 among 661 participants, 84.1% (3334) were attained; 82.1% (1626/1980) in the phone arm and 86% (1708/1986) in the physical tracing arm (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences in retention were observed between the study arms in the first 6 months but thereafter, retention was significantly higher for physical contact reminders than mobile phones; 91.5% versus 82.1% (p

We evaluate whether changes in geographic distribution of landings coincided with implementation of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in the limited-entry groundfish trawl fishery on the U.S. Pacific coast. We use a spatial Theil index, kernel density functions of port revenue share, and Shorrocks index of intradistributional mobility to measure changes in spatial distribution. We find evidence of increased spatial concentration; however, this appears consistent with preexisting trends and not related to ITQs. Further, we find a high degree of intradistributional mobility in the revenue share of ports that coincided with ITQ implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gender analysis implemented to identify gender norms, resource use patterns and power relationships in fishing communities in the Philippines revealed that the roles of women and men are deeply integrated, but unequal, especially in relation to workload, leadership and decision‐making. Reaching 666 individuals across 26 villages, the analysis found that men access high‐value species whereas nearshore and shallow ecosystems are controlled by both women and men. Strengthening gender roles and forwarding ecosystem‐based fisheries management will require challenging social constructs, growing women's confidence and recognizing the 'invisible' work of women in households and the fisheries sector. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Life under water" is UN Sustainable Development Goal No. 14, under which small-scale fisheries fall. Yet, most of what is happening in small-scale fisheries, and certainly those things that are interesting to social scientists, are taking place above water—on the water and by the water. Small-scale fishers make their living off the fish that swims in the ocean, but they do so with the lives they construct for themselves and with others on land. Therefore, small-scale fishers depend on their communities as much as they depend on the fish, their boats, and gear. It is as members of communities that fishers acquire the knowledge, energy, motivation, and meaning they need to carry out their work. For fisheries social scientists, the community is a unit of analysis. However, fisheries communities are not isolated from what is happening outside them. Consequently, social scientists focus on forces at higher scales. Still, I argue that it is important that they do not lose sight of local communities, because if they do they also lose the sight of small-scale fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knowledge of family planning (FP) is a key determinant of contraceptive use which ultimately plays a role in attainment of good health and in conduct of clinical research. People living in fishing communities (FCs) have limited access to health services including FP and are targeted for future clinical research but their knowledge of FP and its correlates are scantily known. We determined correlates of knowledge of FP among people living in FCs of L. victoria in Uganda to inform future FP education programs in FCs.Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey among participants aged 15-49 years from Kigungu and Nsazi. Participants were asked if they were aware of any FP method. All those who responded in the affirmative were further asked to mention what FP methods they had heard of or knew. Those who reported knowledge of at least one FP method were asked a series of questions about FP methods and their side effects. Knowledge was categorized into good or poor knowledge based on their mean total score. Poor knowledge constituted a score below the mean while good knowledge constituted a score of more than or equal to the mean total score. To further explore attitudes and perceptions of FP, ten in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted.Results: Of the 1410 screened participants, 94.5% were aware of at least one FP method. Pills and injectable hormonal methods were the most commonly known methods. Slightly over a third (38%) had good knowledge of FP. Correlates of knowledge of FP were; being female (aOR: 1.92 95% CI: 1.39-2.67), residing in Kigungu (aOR: 4.01 95% CI: 2.77-5.81), being married (aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.11-2.28) and currently being in a sexual relationship (aOR: 1.75 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). Concerns about safety and effectiveness of some modern FP methods exist. Misconceptions on effects of FP like sterility, cancers and foetal abnormalities were common.Conclusion: FP awareness among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda is high. However, good knowledge about specific methods tends to be low. Correlates of knowledge of FP include gender, residence, marital status and sexual engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV-prevalence and incidence is high in many fishing communities around Lake Victoria in East Africa. In these settings, mobility among women is high and may contribute to increased risk of HIV infection and poor access to effective prevention and treatment services. Understanding the nature and patterns of this mobility is important for the design of interventions. We conducted an exploratory study to understand the nature and patterns of women's mobility to inform the design of HIV intervention trials in fishing communities of Lake Victoria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional formative qualitative study conducted in six purposively selected fishing communities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Potential participants were screened for eligibility on age (18+ years) and having stayed in the fishing community for more than 6 months. We collected data using introductory and focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key informants. Data focused on: history and patterns of mobility, migration in and out of fishing communities and the relationship between mobility and HIV infection. Since the interviews and discussions were not audio-recorded, detailed notes were taken and written up into full scripts for analysis. We conducted a thematic analysis using constant comparison analysis.Results: Participants reported that women in fishing communities were highly mobile for work-related activities. Overall, we categorized mobility as travels over long and short distances or periods depending on the kind of livelihood activity women were involved in. Participants reported that women often travelled to new places, away from familiar contacts and far from healthcare access. Some women were reported to engage in high risk sexual behaviour and disengaging from HIV care. However, participants reported that women often returned to the fishing communities they considered home, or followed a seasonal pattern of work, which would facilitate contact with service providers.Conclusion: Women exhibited circular and seasonal mobility patterns over varying distances and duration away from their home communities. These mobility patterns may limit women's access to trial/health services and put them at risk of HIV-infection. Interventions should be tailored to take into account mobility patterns of seasonal work observed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmon are intrinsic to health and well-being in Alaska, and sit at the center of myriad social, cultural, and spiritual practices, norms, and values. These practices and values are essential to living and being well in many communities in Alaska, but often remain invisible and unaccounted for in management contexts. This paper stems from the collective efforts of a cross-disciplinary, crosscultural project team brought together as part of the State of Alaska's Salmon and People (SASAP) knowledge synthesis project. In this paper, we assess the sustainability and equity of Alaska salmon systems through a well-being framework. Key objectives include (1) defining and conceptualizing well-being in the context of Alaska salmon systems; (2) developing and assessing well-being indicators for Alaska salmon systems; and (3) evaluating how well-being concepts are currently incorporated into Alaska salmon management and suggesting improvements. We draw on specific examples to evaluate the application of well-being indicators as a tool to more effectively measure and evaluate social considerations, and discuss how to better integrate well-being concepts into governance and management to improve data collection and decision making. As part of this effort, we discuss trends and inequities in Alaska fisheries and communities that impact well-being, and tensions between equality and equity in the context of Alaska salmon management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enable more effective monitoring of sustainable development for meeting targets of the 2030 agenda, new methods of assessment is required to better understand the spatial variation in factors that contribute to its intrinsic goal: improve or safeguard the human wellbeing. In this research, we take two fishing communities located in Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor coast (Murcia, SE Spain) as case study. To understand how sustainable development can effectively promote wellbeing, we use a multidimensional spatial approach for monitoring social and environmental change to aid decision-making processes. To achieve this, two multidimensional indices was created to spatially explore the state across fishing communities following the sustainable livelihood framework and social wellbeing approach. Results indicate considerable spatial variability in the factor affecting people's wellbeing across the region studied. In addition, the impact of fishing policy on the protection and security of their livelihoods is variable. These findings indicate the need to evaluate the sustainable development of fisheries at appropriate levels of spatial aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transactional sex in sub–Saharan Africa's fishing communities, driven by the highly gendered organisation of production, is widely recognised as a key driver of HIV transmission in lakeshore areas. This longitudinal study investigates the economic drivers of the trade and its impact on sexual health outcomes. Specifically, the impact of regional and district fish market shocks and comparable maize shocks on facility-level sexual health outcomes are examined in Tanzania's shoreline communities. Following unfavourable shocks to the fish market, such as high prices or low amounts of fish captured, this paper finds that new HIV cases, newly pregnant women attending antenatal clinic, and the number of people treated for syphilis increases with proximity to the shoreline, supporting the hypothesis that the fish-for-sex trade intensifies when fish supply is relatively scarce. Further, the observed increase in new HIV cases is driven by new cases in women. Contrasting effects are observed following maize price shocks, where facilities see an increase in both male and female new HIV cases following a favourable price shock. These findings highlight the role that gender-based organisation of production plays in shaping sexual health inequalities following shocks to a good. • Transactional sex increases in shoreline areas following months of fish scarcity. • Increases in HIV cases following fish market shocks are driven by new infections in women. • Increases in HIV cases following maize shocks are shared across the sexes. • A gender-based economic inequality is translating into a sexual health inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technologies are transforming how we monitor and manage natural resources, by speeding up data-driven decision-making. Still, to date, there is scant evidence of their impacts on environmental sustainability. In fisheries, a digital record of landings represents enormous potential for sustainable food production, resource management, and livelihoods, by making information about fish production and price available to all. To fill a gap in information and understanding about fisheries in Timor-Leste at the time, and to inform decision-making to renew outdated fisheries legislations and strategies, the 'Peskas' system was developed and piloted in Timor-Leste in 2017. Peskas was designed to collect, analyse and display small-scale fisheries data in near real-time to improve fisheries management through real-time data-driven policymaking. Using targeted interviews in key stakeholder groups, we assessed the progress made toward this goal through three different pathways over a six-year period: i) capacity building; ii) partnership and collaboration; and iii) sustainable resource management. Results showed that the formal Government adoption of Peskas was a tipping point that catalysed greater intragovernmental collaboration, as well as between government and communities, and brought new investment into the fisheries sector. However, Peskas has had minimal impact on the development of new regulations to date. We discuss reasons for this, such as an inadequate fisheries legal framework and wider capacity gaps and draw broader recommendations for how to leverage digital transformation for positive change in fisheries sustainability. • How digitalisation drives effective policy-making in fisheries is poorly understood. • We test effects of real-time fisheries monitoring on development and management objectives. • Digital adoption increased investment and cooperation but few regulation changes. • Government employees in coastal areas improved communication and collaboration. • Systemic barriers remain the primary constraint for digital transformation in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UKK Kerapuh and UKK Cumi not develop because of the low participation of fishing communities in the region in the implementation of the program Tambak Wedi UKK . Volunteers or health workers who are not active, people do not understand about the benefits and management of UKK .Health education activities have not been carried out routinely by cadres of health workers. Poor work habits, among others squat and bend over too long, working without protective , complaints Hypertension disease, respiratory illness, back pain, skin diseases on the fishermen. The Matter UKK group health was hypertension, disorders of the respiratory tract (cough), family members of fishermen 10% are anemic. The approach offered to resolve the issue is to carry out workshops, training and mentoring, in improving the skills of cadre pos UKK and the fishing communities of Tambakwedi region, help improve management capabilities UKK . Output Increased knowledge and skills of partners in managing the UKK, healthy eating family management skills, Training Module Health and Safety, Management Pos UKK, Scientific; Proceending; and Poster.

This study aims to reveal the fatalistic work culture process as a cause of poverty for fishermen. As part of an urgent cultural aspect, Fatalism has been an inseparable part of their social life. Fatalism is an attitude that has been a stronghold for a long time and becomes a habit. In this case, the most important thing to express is the belief or trust of fishermen related to the coastal environment. This research took place on the southern coast of the Sulawesi Island, in Pandang-Pandang village, Arungkeke District, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The informants were 5 poor fishermen from the Sawi (fishing boat crew) who were interviewed in-depth and conducted observation of the surrounding environment. To strengthen research data, Literature studies, interview and observation results were also conducted. Data analysis used three path techniques including data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. This research shows that; (1) The fatalistic attitude of the fishing community of Pandang-Pandang village manifested in the belief that life has been determined by God while humans only live and accept it, (2) Weak instrumental values ​​of the fishing community in the form of not overly pursuing more values ​​at work. Both of these are fatalistic attitudes. The conclusion of this research is the emergence of a fatalistic attitude in the fishing community is the result of their appreciation of God, Nature, Humans, and Life. This appreciation has been going on for a long time so that it is manifested in the form of an attitude of life than becoming an actor.

This study explores living conditions of people in Senegalese fishing communities in relation to environmental change and unregulated fishing by foreign boats, weakening local opportunities and increasing forced migration of youth, creating problems for the future development of local fishery communities. It employs a postcolonial perspective and analyzes data collected through interviews with individuals from Senegalese fishing communities, social workers and relevant documents. The results show local reactions based on alliances between social workers and local community members to overfishing and the need for national and global structural changes. It is argued that EU's fishing agreements with Senegalese government is one of the reasons behind youths' forced migration to EU countries and that the betterment of the living conditions of fishery communities in Senegal requires not only already emerging alliances between social workers and local community members, but also national and global structural changes to protect Africa's fishing communities and local fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful conservation of marine mammals is often dependent upon support from local fishing communities, and valuable conservation insights can be obtained through understanding fishers' attitudes and awareness of marine mammals.A new local ecological knowledge dataset was obtained through large‐scale questionnaire‐based interviews with 510 artisanal fishers from 16 coastal fishing communities around Hainan, China. Almost all respondents (92.7%) reported regular encounters with marine mammals. Many respondents reported negative interactions with marine mammals, including bycatch (25.5%), consumption (36.1%), and the sale of meat (9.2%), and respondent perceptions of marine mammals were often negative.Generalized linear models (GLMs) indicated that respondent experiences of marine mammal encounters and bycatch events were mainly predicted by indices of fishing effort and experience, rather than by geographic or socio‐economic factors. Respondent experiences of eating or selling marine mammal meat were predicted by geographic location and by some livelihood and socio‐economic factors. Respondent perceptions of marine mammals were instead predicted by fishing experience and education level.Classification and regression trees (CARTs) showed that the most important factors determining respondent experiences and perceptions were number of fishing years and educational level, respectively. Both GLMs and CARTs indicated the complex effects of geographic, livelihood, and socio‐economic factors on respondent experiences and perceptions of marine mammals.Regional community‐based conservation of marine mammals could be promoted through improved regulatory management and environmental education, sustainable ecological exploitation and economic development, and positive partnerships and collaboration between fishing communities, enforcement agencies, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Uganda, alcohol consumption is associated with higher HIV prevalence. However, research is needed to better understand how different patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems may drive this association. In this cross-sectional study, we examined how hazardous alcohol use and alcohol-related problems such as psychological, physical, and social harms are associated with HIV status in fishing communities in Uganda. 300 (132 male, 168 female) residents of fishing communities in Uganda (75 participants from each of the following occupational groups: fishmongers, alcohol sellers, commercial sex workers (CSW), and fishermen) completed an interviewer-assisted computerized interview. We captured information on sociodemographics and HIV testing history. Prior 12-month hazardous alcohol consumption patterns and alcohol-related problems were assessed with the AUDIT and AUDADIS. 19.7%, 58.0%, and 23.3% of the sample reported being HIV positive, being HIV negative from a test within the prior 12 months, and not knowing their HIV status respectively. 18.7% reported the co-occurrence of hazardous alcohol consumption patterns and alcohol-related problems. 7.7% reported either hazardous alcohol consumption patterns or alcohol-related problems. Compared to non-drinkers, those with co-occurring hazardous consumption and alcohol-related problems had greater odds of being HIV positive (adjOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.17-6.43) and of unknown HIV status (adjOR 3.35, 95% CI 1.52-7.42). Reporting only hazardous consumption levels, only alcohol-related problems, or low-risk drinking, did not increase the odds of being HIV positive or of unknown status. Among those not HIV positive, those with co-occurring hazardous consumption and alcohol-related problems had greater odds of never having had an HIV test (adjOR 3.78, 95% CI 1.63-8.68). The co-occurrence of hazardous alcohol use and alcohol related problems appears to be a prominent risk factor for HIV infection, not knowing one's HIV status, and never testing for HIV in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multi-voice script highlights the process of five years of research with coastal fishing communities in the Azores islands of Portugal. Initially, we used photo elicitation and focus groups to invite people to speak about the sea and all the deep, complex and sometimes contradictory meanings that it may have. In later years, the researchers sought environmental justice within everyday processes, using deep ethnographic and autobiographic-narrative inquiry which led to participation in learning about – as well as supporting – collaborations between fishers, scientists and policy makers. The text is constructed via arts-informed research methodology and consists of two parallel, creative narratives, intermittently interrupted by a visual narrative. This work calls for looking at the sea through new eyes, hearing with new ears, feeling differently and awakening to the possibility of knowing the sea in unfamiliar ways.

Here we describe an interdisciplinary and multi-country initiative to develop rapid, participatory methods to assess the vulnerability of coastal communities and facilitate adaptation to climate change in data-poor regions. The methods were applied in Madagascar as a case study. The initiative centered on an exploratory research exercise in two communities in the south-west of Madagascar, a workshop held in Antananarivo in June 2016, combined with a component on communicating ocean science and climate change to stakeholders. It utilized innovative and rapid approaches to combine global and local skills and information on adaptation and resilience building, taking cognizance of national policies, and was based on the principles of a holistic, integrated and participatory approach. This paper summarizes the activities undertaken and assesses how effective they were in achieving the project goals, as well as presenting examples of the outputs obtained. The activities demonstrated the value of using existing high resolution global climate models for provision of information on future trends, and of including a traits-based ecological risk assessment as a standard component of vulnerability assessments. User-friendly qualitative modeling activities helped to consolidate holistic, integrated understanding of selected fisheries. The value of assessing the importance and resilience of supply chains and taking the local management measures and institutions into account were validated. The outcomes of the initiative reinforced the principle that the cumulative ecological and social impacts of individual stressors and drivers on marine-dependent communities must be addressed, including climate-change related stressors. Assessments of vulnerability and adaptation planning should be forward-looking and consider likely changes in the future. They must also be done with participation by local experts and stakeholders to ensure knowledge exchange, local capacity-building and ownership and that outputs are rooted in the local realities, are accepted as being legitimate, and reinforce and complement relevant legal frameworks and laws.