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51. Metabolic activation of the nitroaromatic antiandrogen flutamide by rat and human cytochromes P-450, including forms belonging to the 3A and 1A subfamilies.

Author

Berson, A, Wolf, C, Chachaty, C, Fisch, C, Fau, D, Eugene, D, Loeper, J, Gauthier, J C, Beaune, P, and Pompon, D

Abstract

The in vitro metabolic activation of flutamide, a nitroaromatic antiandrogen which produces hepatitis in a few recipients, was first studied with male rat liver microsomes. There was no electron spin resonance evidence for the reduction of flutamide by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P-450 reductase into a nitro anion free radical. In contrast, flutamide was oxidatively transformed by cytochrome P-450 into reactive metabolite(s) that covalently bound to microsomal proteins. Covalent binding required oxygen and NADPH, and was decreased by the nucleophile glutathione and by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitors SKF 525-A, piperonyl butoxide and troleandomycin (an inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 3A subfamily). Covalent binding was increased markedly by pretreatment with dexamethasone (an inducer of the cytochrome P-450 3A subfamily) and moderately by pretreatment with beta-naphthoflavone (an inducer of the 1A family). Covalent binding was immunoinhibited markedly by anticytochrome P-450 3A immunoglobulin G and moderately by anticytochrome P-450 1A immunoglobulin G. Covalent binding was much lower with liver microsomes from female rats (not expressing P-450 3A2). Covalent binding of flutamide also occurred with human liver microsomes (where it was inhibited by troleandomycin), and with yeast microsomes expressing human liver cytochromes P-450 1A1, 1A2 or 3A4. We concluded that flutamide was oxidatively transformed into chemically reactive metabolite(s) by rat and human cytochromes P-450, including forms belonging to the 3A and 1A subfamilies.

Published
1993

52. Inhibition by salicylic acid of the activation and thus oxidation of long chain fatty acids. Possible role in the development of Reye's syndrome.

Author

Deschamps, D, Fisch, C, Fromenty, B, Berson, A, Degott, C, and Pessayre, D

Abstract

Administration of either aspirin or salicylic acid (3 mmol.kg-1 b.wt. i.p.) decreased by 50 and 65%, respectively, the in vivo oxidation of [U-14C]palmitic acid to [14C]CO2 in mice; after salicylic acid administration, exhalation of [14C]CO2 from [1-14C]palmitic acid, [1-14C]octanoic acid or [1-14C]butyric acid was decreased by 87, 33 and 38%, respectively. Inhibition lasted 9 hr. It was associated with markedly decreased blood glucose concentrations and increased plasma ketone bodies. Repeated administration of salicylic acid (2 mmol.kg-1 i.p. every 8 hr) tripled hepatic triglycerides and produced mild microvesicular steatosis of the liver at 22 hr in fasted mice. In vitro, salicylic acid (1.5 mM) had no or little effect on the formation of beta-oxidation products from [1-14C]octanoic or [1-14C]palmitoyl-L-carnitine, in the presence of ATP, carnitine (40 microM) and coenzyme A (40 microM), but decreased by 51% that from [1-14C]palmitic acid. In the latter system, increasing the concentrations of coenzyme A and carnitine to 200 microM suppressed the inhibitory effect of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid (1.5 mM) decreased by 80% the in vitro mitochondrial formation of palmitoyl-coenzyme A from [1-14C]palmitic acid and 10 microM coenzyme A; again, increasing the concentration of coenzyme A prevented inhibition. We conclude that salicylic acid decreases the mitochondrial activation and thus beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids, presumably by sequestering extramitochondrial coenzyme A and possibly carnitine.

Published
1991

53. CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOSIS ANTITOXIN.

Author

FISCH, C.

Abstract

It is very probable that in the future the serum of geese will prove to be a very efficient toxin-carrier Injections (intraperitoneal) of high doses of TBET, etc. (from human tuberculosis) act in them, stimulating to a much higher degree; antitoxin is readily produced and accumulated. I shall report as to my experiments in this line, as well as a series of experiments with the serum of a number of immunized horses, in another paper. I will only mention here that I can fully substantiate my former conclusions by repeated investigations, although I must admit that a number of animals reported on in my previous paper afterward died; some of them succumbed to a very slow form of tuberculosis, while others died from intercurrent diseases, mostly intestinal adhesions and constrictions following the injections. Still, a great number have survived until today, and have repeatedly propagated and given life to several

Published
1899
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56. Premature ventricular beats

Author

Fisch C and Douglas P. Zipes

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac Complexes, Premature, Premature ventricular beats, business.industry, Heart Ventricles, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Middle Aged, Electrocardiography, Heart Conduction System, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Humans, business
Published
1971

57. EFFECT OF THE ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT MORICIZINE ON SURVIVAL AFTER MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION

Author

ROGERS, WJ, EPSTEIN, AE, ARCINIEGAS, JG, CROSSLEY, GH, DAILEY, SM, KAY, GN, LITTLE, RE, MACLEAN, WAH, PAPAPIETRO, SE, PLUMB, VJ, SILBER, S, BAKER, AR, CARLISLE, K, COHEN, N, COX, M, THOMAS, C, LEVSON, L, VONHAGEL, D, WALTON, AE, PRATT, CM, MAHMARIAN, J, MORRIS, G, CAPONE, RJ, BERGER, EE, CHMIELEWSKI, C, GORKIN, L, KHAN, AH, KORR, K, HANDSHAW, K, CONNOLLY, E, FITZPATRICK, D, CAMERON, T, WYSE, DG, DUFF, HJ, MITCHELL, LB, GILLIS, AM, WARNICA, JW, SHELDON, RS, LESOWAY, NR, KELLEN, J, HALE, C, INKSTER, M, BRODSKY, M, WOLFF, L, ALLEN, B, ZELMAN, R, THOMAS, G, CAUDILLO, G, TAKEDA, D, SHERWOOD, C, RANAZZI, R, RAPAPORT, E, DOHRMANN, ML, RASKIN, S, DREW, DW, SOMELOFSKI, CA, DANFORTH, JW, HUI, PY, JOHNSON, MR, LABARCA, JR, WALDO, AL, CARLSON, MD, ADLER, DS, HOLLAND, JB, BUCHTER, CM, BAHLER, RC, PAMELIA, FX, JOSEPHSON, RA, HENTHORN, RW, ZUELGARAY, JG, WOOD, K, REDMON, P, VARGAS, MA, VARGO, L, SCHALLER, SE, KOBUS, CE, CHOBAN, NL, BIGGER, JT, GREENBERG, HM, GREGORY, JJ, HOCHMAN, JS, RADOSLOVICH, G, STEINBERG, JS, ROTHBART, ST, CASE, R, DWYER, EM, SQUATRITO, A, KELLY, M, CAMPION, JM, TORMEY, D, ANTHONY, R, CALLAGHAN, E, CHAPNICK, M, RIPLEY, B, FONTANA, C, SCHLANT, RC, ARENSBERG, D, CORSO, JA, HURST, JW, MORRIS, DC, SHERMAN, SW, SILVERMAN, BD, SILVERMAN, ME, ROBERTS, JS, BALLOU, SK, JEFFRIES, VD, BRACKNEY, BA, SEALS, AA, HARTLEY, J, BAKER, RM, GILMOUR, KE, BAKER, SB, HOWARD, J, KATZ, RJ, BESCH, GA, BRILL, D, DIBIANCO, R, DONOHUE, D, FISHER, G, FRANCIS, C, FRIEDMAN, D, GOLDBERG, D, GOLDBERG, S, KOSS, G, LARCA, L, LEONARD, R, LINDGREN, K, RONAN, J, ROSENBLATT, A, ROSING, D, ROSS, A, ROTSZTAIN, A, SHAWL, F, SINDERSON, T, STEVENSON, R, TINKER, B, VARGHESE, J, YACKEE, J, BIGHAM, H, FRANKLIN, W, GOLD, R, GRAHAM, G, GROSSBERG, D, HOARE, R, LEVY, W, MAHMOOD, T, TANNENBAUM, E, TULLNER, W, EISENHOWER, E, GERACI, T, WILHELMSEN, L, BERGSTRAND, R, FREDLUND, BO, SIGURDSSON, A, SIVERTSSON, R, SWEDBERG, K, HOULTZ, B, WIKLUND, I, SCHLYTER, G, HEDELIN, G, LEIJON, M, MORGANROTH, J, CARVER, J, HOROWITZ, L, KUTALEK, S, PAPA, L, SANDBERG, J, VICTOR, M, CESARE, S, VRABEL, C, TALARICO, K, LUHMANN, S, PALAZZO, D, GOLDSTEIN, S, GOLDBERG, AD, FRUMIN, H, WESTVEER, D, DEBUTLIER, M, SCHAIRER, J, STOMEL, R, FRANK, DM, JARANDILLA, R, DAVEY, D, HASSE, C, SHINNEY, S, MORLEDGE, JH, FARNHAM, DJ, HINDERACKER, PH, MUSSER, WE, DEVRIES, K, KUSHNER, JA, RAO, R, PETERSON, DT, MCCAULEY, CS, BERGEN, TS, BOWMAN, KO, GILLMAN, A, FULLER, L, OBRIEN, J, MORLEDGE, J, DEMARIA, AN, KUO, CS, KAMMERLING, JM, CORUM, J, THIEMANN, M, SCHRODT, R, PETERS, R, SUTTON, F, GOTTLIEB, S, PAPUCHIS, G, MATTIONI, T, TODD, L, CUSACK, C, SCHECK, J, HUANG, SKS, ALPERT, JS, GORE, JM, RYAN, M, COLLETTWILLEY, P, CHAHINE, RA, SEQUEIRA, RF, LOWERY, MH, DELGADO, LM, CORREA, JL, LASO, LJ, HODGES, M, SALERNO, D, ANDERSON, B, COLLINS, R, DENES, P, DUNBAR, D, GRANRUD, G, HAUGLAND, J, HESSION, W, MCBRIDE, J, GORNICK, C, SIMONSON, J, TOLINS, M, ETTINGER, A, PETERSON, S, SLIVKEN, R, GRIMALDI, L, ROY, D, THEROUX, P, LEMERY, R, MORISSETTE, D, BEAUDOIN, D, GIRARD, L, LAVALLEE, E, MCANULTY, JH, REINHART, SE, MAURICE, G, MURPHY, ES, KRON, J, MARCHANT, C, BOXER, J, PRINCEHOUSE, L, SINNER, K, BEANLANDS, D, DAVIES, R, GREEN, M, WILLIAMS, W, BAIRD, MJ, GARRARD, L, HEAL, S, HASPECT, A, BORTHWICK, J, MAROIS, L, WOODEND, K, AKIYAMA, T, HOOD, WB, EASLEY, R, RYAN, G, KENIEN, G, PATT, M, KAZIERAD, D, GOLDFARB, A, BUTLER, LL, KELLER, ML, STANLEY, P, PEEBLES, J, SYROCKI, D, LAVIN, D, SCHOENBERGER, JA, LIEBSON, PR, STAMATO, NJ, PETROPULOS, AT, BUCKINGHAM, TA, REMIJAS, T, KOCOUREK, J, JANKO, K, BARKER, AH, ANDERSON, JL, FOWLES, RE, KEITH, TB, WILLIAMS, CB, MORENO, FL, DORAN, EN, FOWLER, B, SUMMERS, K, WHITE, C, OHARA, G, ROULEAU, JL, PLANTE, S, VINCENT, C, BOUCHARD, D, ZOBLE, RG, OTERO, JE, BUGNI, WJ, SCHWARTZ, KM, SHETTIGAR, UR, BREWINGTON, JA, UMBERGER, J, COHEN, JD, BJERREGAARD, P, HAMILTON, WP, GARNER, M, ANDERSON, S, ELSHERIF, N, URSELL, SN, GABOR, GE, IBRAHIM, B, ASSADI, M, BREZSNYAK, ML, PORTER, AV, STANIORSKI, A, WOOSLEY, RL, RODEN, DM, CAMPBELL, WB, ECHT, DS, LEE, JT, MURRAY, KT, SPELL, JD, BONHOTAL, ST, JARED, LL, THOMAS, TI, GOLDNER, F, RICHARDSON, DW, ROMHILT, DW, ELLENBOGEN, KA, BANE, BB, FIELDS, J, SHRADER, S, POWELL, E, CHAFFIN, CF, WELLS, A, CONWAY, KT, PLATIA, EV, ODONOGHUE, S, TRACY, CM, ALI, N, BOWEN, P, BROOKS, KM, OETGEN, W, WESTON, LT, CARSON, P, OBIASMANNO, D, HARRISON, J, SAYLOR, A, POWELL, S, HAAKENSON, CM, SATHER, MR, MALONE, LA, HALLSTROM, AP, MCBRIDE, R, GREENE, HL, BROOKS, MM, LEDINGHAM, R, REYNOLDSHAERTLE, RA, HUTHER, M, SCHOLZ, M, MORRIS, M, FRIEDMAN, LM, SCHRON, E, VERTER, J, JENNINGS, C, PROSCHAN, M, BRISTOW, JD, DEMETS, DL, FISCH, C, NIES, AS, RUSKIN, J, STRAUSS, H, WALTERS, L, ROGERS, WJ, EPSTEIN, AE, ARCINIEGAS, JG, CROSSLEY, GH, DAILEY, SM, KAY, GN, LITTLE, RE, MACLEAN, WAH, PAPAPIETRO, SE, PLUMB, VJ, SILBER, S, BAKER, AR, CARLISLE, K, COHEN, N, COX, M, THOMAS, C, LEVSON, L, VONHAGEL, D, WALTON, AE, PRATT, CM, MAHMARIAN, J, MORRIS, G, CAPONE, RJ, BERGER, EE, CHMIELEWSKI, C, GORKIN, L, KHAN, AH, KORR, K, HANDSHAW, K, CONNOLLY, E, FITZPATRICK, D, CAMERON, T, WYSE, DG, DUFF, HJ, MITCHELL, LB, GILLIS, AM, WARNICA, JW, SHELDON, RS, LESOWAY, NR, KELLEN, J, HALE, C, INKSTER, M, BRODSKY, M, WOLFF, L, ALLEN, B, ZELMAN, R, THOMAS, G, CAUDILLO, G, TAKEDA, D, SHERWOOD, C, RANAZZI, R, RAPAPORT, E, DOHRMANN, ML, RASKIN, S, DREW, DW, SOMELOFSKI, CA, DANFORTH, JW, HUI, PY, JOHNSON, MR, LABARCA, JR, WALDO, AL, CARLSON, MD, ADLER, DS, HOLLAND, JB, BUCHTER, CM, BAHLER, RC, PAMELIA, FX, JOSEPHSON, RA, HENTHORN, RW, ZUELGARAY, JG, WOOD, K, REDMON, P, VARGAS, MA, VARGO, L, SCHALLER, SE, KOBUS, CE, CHOBAN, NL, BIGGER, JT, GREENBERG, HM, GREGORY, JJ, HOCHMAN, JS, RADOSLOVICH, G, STEINBERG, JS, ROTHBART, ST, CASE, R, DWYER, EM, SQUATRITO, A, KELLY, M, CAMPION, JM, TORMEY, D, ANTHONY, R, CALLAGHAN, E, CHAPNICK, M, RIPLEY, B, FONTANA, C, SCHLANT, RC, ARENSBERG, D, CORSO, JA, HURST, JW, MORRIS, DC, SHERMAN, SW, SILVERMAN, BD, SILVERMAN, ME, ROBERTS, JS, BALLOU, SK, JEFFRIES, VD, BRACKNEY, BA, SEALS, AA, HARTLEY, J, BAKER, RM, GILMOUR, KE, BAKER, SB, HOWARD, J, KATZ, RJ, BESCH, GA, BRILL, D, DIBIANCO, R, DONOHUE, D, FISHER, G, FRANCIS, C, FRIEDMAN, D, GOLDBERG, D, GOLDBERG, S, KOSS, G, LARCA, L, LEONARD, R, LINDGREN, K, RONAN, J, ROSENBLATT, A, ROSING, D, ROSS, A, ROTSZTAIN, A, SHAWL, F, SINDERSON, T, STEVENSON, R, TINKER, B, VARGHESE, J, YACKEE, J, BIGHAM, H, FRANKLIN, W, GOLD, R, GRAHAM, G, GROSSBERG, D, HOARE, R, LEVY, W, MAHMOOD, T, TANNENBAUM, E, TULLNER, W, EISENHOWER, E, GERACI, T, WILHELMSEN, L, BERGSTRAND, R, FREDLUND, BO, SIGURDSSON, A, SIVERTSSON, R, SWEDBERG, K, HOULTZ, B, WIKLUND, I, SCHLYTER, G, HEDELIN, G, LEIJON, M, MORGANROTH, J, CARVER, J, HOROWITZ, L, KUTALEK, S, PAPA, L, SANDBERG, J, VICTOR, M, CESARE, S, VRABEL, C, TALARICO, K, LUHMANN, S, PALAZZO, D, GOLDSTEIN, S, GOLDBERG, AD, FRUMIN, H, WESTVEER, D, DEBUTLIER, M, SCHAIRER, J, STOMEL, R, FRANK, DM, JARANDILLA, R, DAVEY, D, HASSE, C, SHINNEY, S, MORLEDGE, JH, FARNHAM, DJ, HINDERACKER, PH, MUSSER, WE, DEVRIES, K, KUSHNER, JA, RAO, R, PETERSON, DT, MCCAULEY, CS, BERGEN, TS, BOWMAN, KO, GILLMAN, A, FULLER, L, OBRIEN, J, MORLEDGE, J, DEMARIA, AN, KUO, CS, KAMMERLING, JM, CORUM, J, THIEMANN, M, SCHRODT, R, PETERS, R, SUTTON, F, GOTTLIEB, S, PAPUCHIS, G, MATTIONI, T, TODD, L, CUSACK, C, SCHECK, J, HUANG, SKS, ALPERT, JS, GORE, JM, RYAN, M, COLLETTWILLEY, P, CHAHINE, RA, SEQUEIRA, RF, LOWERY, MH, DELGADO, LM, CORREA, JL, LASO, LJ, HODGES, M, SALERNO, D, ANDERSON, B, COLLINS, R, DENES, P, DUNBAR, D, GRANRUD, G, HAUGLAND, J, HESSION, W, MCBRIDE, J, GORNICK, C, SIMONSON, J, TOLINS, M, ETTINGER, A, PETERSON, S, SLIVKEN, R, GRIMALDI, L, ROY, D, THEROUX, P, LEMERY, R, MORISSETTE, D, BEAUDOIN, D, GIRARD, L, LAVALLEE, E, MCANULTY, JH, REINHART, SE, MAURICE, G, MURPHY, ES, KRON, J, MARCHANT, C, BOXER, J, PRINCEHOUSE, L, SINNER, K, BEANLANDS, D, DAVIES, R, GREEN, M, WILLIAMS, W, BAIRD, MJ, GARRARD, L, HEAL, S, HASPECT, A, BORTHWICK, J, MAROIS, L, WOODEND, K, AKIYAMA, T, HOOD, WB, EASLEY, R, RYAN, G, KENIEN, G, PATT, M, KAZIERAD, D, GOLDFARB, A, BUTLER, LL, KELLER, ML, STANLEY, P, PEEBLES, J, SYROCKI, D, LAVIN, D, SCHOENBERGER, JA, LIEBSON, PR, STAMATO, NJ, PETROPULOS, AT, BUCKINGHAM, TA, REMIJAS, T, KOCOUREK, J, JANKO, K, BARKER, AH, ANDERSON, JL, FOWLES, RE, KEITH, TB, WILLIAMS, CB, MORENO, FL, DORAN, EN, FOWLER, B, SUMMERS, K, WHITE, C, OHARA, G, ROULEAU, JL, PLANTE, S, VINCENT, C, BOUCHARD, D, ZOBLE, RG, OTERO, JE, BUGNI, WJ, SCHWARTZ, KM, SHETTIGAR, UR, BREWINGTON, JA, UMBERGER, J, COHEN, JD, BJERREGAARD, P, HAMILTON, WP, GARNER, M, ANDERSON, S, ELSHERIF, N, URSELL, SN, GABOR, GE, IBRAHIM, B, ASSADI, M, BREZSNYAK, ML, PORTER, AV, STANIORSKI, A, WOOSLEY, RL, RODEN, DM, CAMPBELL, WB, ECHT, DS, LEE, JT, MURRAY, KT, SPELL, JD, BONHOTAL, ST, JARED, LL, THOMAS, TI, GOLDNER, F, RICHARDSON, DW, ROMHILT, DW, ELLENBOGEN, KA, BANE, BB, FIELDS, J, SHRADER, S, POWELL, E, CHAFFIN, CF, WELLS, A, CONWAY, KT, PLATIA, EV, ODONOGHUE, S, TRACY, CM, ALI, N, BOWEN, P, BROOKS, KM, OETGEN, W, WESTON, LT, CARSON, P, OBIASMANNO, D, HARRISON, J, SAYLOR, A, POWELL, S, HAAKENSON, CM, SATHER, MR, MALONE, LA, HALLSTROM, AP, MCBRIDE, R, GREENE, HL, BROOKS, MM, LEDINGHAM, R, REYNOLDSHAERTLE, RA, HUTHER, M, SCHOLZ, M, MORRIS, M, FRIEDMAN, LM, SCHRON, E, VERTER, J, JENNINGS, C, PROSCHAN, M, BRISTOW, JD, DEMETS, DL, FISCH, C, NIES, AS, RUSKIN, J, STRAUSS, H, and WALTERS, L

59. Guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee on Ambulatory Electrocardiography).

Author

Knoebel, S B, primary, Crawford, M H, additional, Dunn, M I, additional, Fisch, C, additional, Forrester, J S, additional, Hutter, A M, additional, Kennedy, H L, additional, Lux, R L, additional, and Sheffield, L T, additional

Published
1989
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86. Introduction

Author

Fisch C

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Classics
Published
1985

87. Pancytopenia Due to Mesantoin

Author

Fisch C, Tischer Ep, and Davies Rr

Subjects
Drug, Pancytopenia, Anemia, business.industry, Hydantoins, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anticonvulsant, Anesthesia, medicine, Mephenytoin, Bone marrow, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), media_common
Abstract

SINCE the introduction of Mesantoin (3 methyl-5, 5-phenylethyl-hydantoin) as an anticonvulsant a number of cases of depression of bone marrow, thought to be due to this drug, have been reported.1 2...

Published
1950

96. Diagnosis and management of isolated serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: A qualitative focus group study.

Author

Negri S, Fisch C, de Hullu JA, van Bommel M, Simons M, Bogaerts J, Hermens RPMG, and Steenbeek MP

Subjects
Humans, Female, Qualitative Research, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous therapy, Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous pathology, Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous diagnosis, Fallopian Tube Neoplasms therapy, Fallopian Tube Neoplasms pathology, Fallopian Tube Neoplasms diagnosis, Focus Groups, Carcinoma in Situ therapy, Carcinoma in Situ pathology, Carcinoma in Situ diagnosis
Abstract

Objective: A Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC) without concomitant invasive carcinoma is occasionally identified and associated with a high risk of subsequent peritoneal carcinomatosis. Management needs optimisation. This study explores professionals' opinions and clinical practices regarding the diagnosis, counselling, treatment and follow-up of isolated STIC to facilitate clinical decision making and optimise the direction of future research. A secondary aim is to assess international clinical guidelines., Design: Focus group study., Setting: Four online sessions., Population: International panel (n = 12 countries) of gynaecologists, gynaecologic oncologists, pathologists and medical oncologists (n = 49)., Methods: A semi-structured interview guide was used. Two independent researchers analysed transcripts by open and axial coding. Results were organised in domains. Relevant (inter)national guidelines were screened for recommendations regarding isolated STIC., Main Outcome Measures: Professionals' opinions and clinical practices regarding isolated STIC management., Results: Regarding pathology, most professionals identified the SEE-FIM protocol as standard of care for high-risk patients, whereas variation exists in the histopathological examination of fallopian tubes in the general population. Confirmation of STIC diagnosis by a specialised pathologist was recommended. Regarding work-up and follow-up after STIC diagnosis, there was variety and discordance. Data on outcomes is limited. As for treatment, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors were not recommended by most. Eleven guidelines provided limited recommendations., Conclusions: We identified recommendations and highlighted knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and management of isolated STIC. Moreover, recommendations in clinical guidelines are limited. There is an agreed need for international collaboration for the prospective registration of isolated STIC., (© 2024 The Author(s). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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97. Academic freedom and innovation.

Author

Audretsch DB, Fisch C, Franzoni C, Momtaz PP, and Vismara S

Subjects
Humans, Patents as Topic, Inventions, Science, Freedom
Abstract

Academic freedom is a critical norm of science. Despite the widely postulated importance of academic freedom, the literature attests to a dearth of research on the topic. Specifically, we know little about how academic freedom relates to indicators of societal progress, such as innovation. We address this research gap by empirically assessing the impact of academic freedom on the quantity (patent applications) and quality (patent citations) of innovation output using a comprehensive sample of 157 countries over the 1900-2015 period. We find that improving academic freedom by one standard deviation increases patent applications by 41% and forward citations by 29%. The results are robust across a range of different specifications. Our findings constitute an alarming plea to policymakers: global academic freedom has declined over the past decade for the first time in the last century and our estimates suggest that this decline poses a substantial threat to the innovation output of countries in terms of both quantity and quality., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Audretsch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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98. Food insecurity and childhood outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health data.

Author

Elenwo C, Fisch C, Hendrix-Dicken A, Coffey S, Wetherill MS, and Hartwell M

Subjects
Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, United States, Racism statistics & numerical data, Social Determinants of Health, Child Health, Health Surveys, Infant, Socioeconomic Factors, Food Insecurity
Abstract

Context: Racial inequalities across social determinants of health (SDOHs) are often influenced by discriminatory policies that reinforce systems that further uphold these disparities. There is limited data describing the influence of food insecurity (FI) on childhood racial discrimination., Objectives: Our objective was to determine if the likelihood of experiencing racial discrimination was exacerbated by FI., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to extract data on childhood racial discrimination and food security. We extracted sociodemographic variables to utilize as controls and constructed logistic regression models to determine associations, via odds ratios (ORs), between food security and whether the child experienced racial discrimination., Results: We found statistically significant associations between experiencing FI and childhood racial discrimination. Individuals who experienced food shortages were significantly more likely to experience racial discrimination compared to those without food limitations when controlling for race, food voucher usage, age, and % federal poverty guidelines (FPG, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.34; 95 % CI: 2.69-4.14)., Conclusions: Our study found that parents of minority children all reported high rates of racial discrimination, which was exacerbated by concurrent FI. Children of families that were the most food insecure reported the highest percentage of racial discrimination at 11.13 %, compared with children who always had enough nutritious meals to eat at 2.87 %. Acknowledging the intersection that exists between FI, race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES), might be a way forward in addressing the adverse health effects experienced by food-insecure children and adults., (© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.)

Published
2024
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99. Procedural sedation and analgesia with propofol (PSA) for gynecologic surgery: A systematic review of the literature.

Author

van der Meulen JF, Fisch C, Dreessen JRJ, Coppus SFPJ, Kok HS, and Bongers MY

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Propofol adverse effects, Uterine Prolapse, Analgesia methods
Abstract

Objective: To identify which gynecologic procedures are eligible to be performed under PSA with propofol and to describe safety and effectiveness of these procedures in this setting., Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase and The Cochrane Library from inception until September 21st 2022. Cohort studies and randomized controlled trials were included when they reported on clinical outcomes of gynecologic procedures under procedural sedation and analgesia in which propofol was used as an anesthetic. Studies were excluded when sedation without propofol was used, when they only mentioned the use of procedural sedation and analgesia but did not describe any clinical outcome parameters or when < 10 patients were included. The primary outcome parameter was completeness of procedure. Secondary outcome parameters were type of gynecologic procedure, intraoperative complication rate, patient satisfaction, postoperative pain, duration of hospital admission, patient's discomfort and ease of procedure as judged by the surgeon. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the ROBINS-I tool were used for bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies was provided. Numbers and percentages were presented, as well as means with standard deviations and medians with interquartile range where applicable., Results: Eight studies were included. A total of 914 patients underwent gynecologic surgical procedures with procedural sedation and analgesia with propofol. Gynecological procedures varied from hysteroscopic procedures, vaginal prolapse surgery and laparoscopic procedures. The percentage of complete procedures was 89.8%-100%. Complications occurred in 0-6.5% of patients. Other outcomes were measured in various ways, but overall patient satisfaction was high and postoperative pain was low., Conclusion: The use of PSA with propofol is promising for a wide range of gynecologic procedures, including hysteroscopic procedures, vaginal prolapse surgery and laparoscopic procedures. The use of PSA with propofol seems to be effective and safe and leads to high degree of patient satisfaction. More research is needed in order to determine for which types of procedures PSA can be used., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: JvdM, SC, HK and MB receive funding from The Dutch organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW), grant number 843002603. SC is a board member of the Dutch gynecologic endoscopy working party ‘Werkgroep gynaecologische endoscopie’. Both organizations were not involved in this study in any form., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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100. Use of person-centred language among scientific research focused on childhood obesity.

Author

Fisch C, Whelan J, Evans S, Whitaker LA, Gajjar S, Ali L, Fugate C, Puhl R, and Hartwell M

Subjects
Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Quality of Life, Language, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control, Pediatric Obesity psychology
Abstract

Background: Stigma towards children with obesity can begin as early as 3 years old, leading to increased risk for poorer mental health outcomes and lower quality of life. This includes discriminatory language used by peers and adults, which may be compounded by use within the medical community and in published research., Objectives: Our primary objective was to investigate adherence to person-centred language (PCL) in childhood obesity-related medical publications., Methods: We searched PubMed for childhood obesity-related articles from 2018 through 2020, from journals frequently publishing childhood-obesity-related research. Articles were randomized and searched for a list of predetermined, stigmatizing terms., Results: Of the sample of 300 articles, only 21.7% were adherent to PCL guidelines. The most frequent labels found were 'obese' appearing in 70.33% of articles and 'overweight' in 63.7%. Labels such as 'chubby', 'large', and 'fat' were less common, but still appeared in the medical literature., Conclusions: A majority of childhood obesity-related articles did not adhere to PCL guidelines. Given the negative effects of stigma among children with obesity, it is imperative to advocate for PCL use within the medical community. Increased stringency by journal editors and publishers may be the next step in this process., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation.)

Published
2022
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