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Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with limited treatment options and high mortality rate. While established glioblastoma cell line models provide valuable information, they ultimately lose most primary characteristics of tumors under long-term serum culture conditions. Therefore, established cell lines do not necessarily recapitulate genetic and morphological characteristics of real tumors. In this study, in line with the growing interest in using primary cell line models derived from patient tissue, we generated a primary glioblastoma cell line, KUGBM8 and characterized its genetic alterations, long term growth ability, tumor formation capacity and its response to Temozolomide, the front-line chemotherapy utilized clinically. In addition, we performed a drug repurposing screen on the KUGBM8 cell line to identify FDA-approved agents that can be incorporated into glioblastoma treatment regimen and identified Topotecan as a lead drug among 1,200 drugs. We showed Topotecan can induce cell death in KUGBM8 and other primary cell lines and cooperate with Temozolomide in low dosage combinations. Together, our study provides a new primary cell line model that can be suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies and suggests that Topotecan can offer promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.

OBJECTIVES: Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is widely used internationally to screen autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three-item Direct Observation Screen (TIDOS) is a novel observational tool which may be used by physicians in a short time as a part of routine well-child visit. It includes the following: (a) Joint Attention, (b) Eye Contact, and (c) Response to Name. We aimed to compare the screening performance of TIDOS and M-CHAT for ASD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1345 children aged 16–38 months were examined during well-child care visits at Social Pediatrics Department of Ankara University between May 2015 and May 2016. Five hundred and eleven of 1345 children aged 16—38 months whose parents approved informed consent were enrolled in this study to evaluate the performance of two screening tests: TIDOS and M-CHAT for ASD. The children whose screening tests were positive and controls whose tests were negative had undergone clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of ASD. Clinical evaluation was performed within 2 weeks of the initial M-CHAT, M-CHAT/F, or TIDOS screenings for screening positive children and within 3–9 months for screening randomly selected negative children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of those tests were determined. RESULTS: ASD was diagnosed in 5 of the 511 children in a healthy child clinic of a university hospital with the prevalence of approximately 1%. All the children with ASD were boys. The growth parameters (including body weight, height, head circumference) did not have any properties. There were no consanguineous marriages among the parents of children with ASD. The ages of mothers and fathers of the children with ASD were in a range between 31–39 years and 31–46 years, respectively. The sensitivity for diagnosis of ASD was found to be 0.60 for both M-CHAT and M-CHAT/F tests. The specificity of M-CHAT and M-CHAT/F tests for diagnosis of ASD was found to be 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. PPV were found to be 0.14 and 0.18, respectively. The sensitivity for diagnosis of ASD was found to be 0.80 for TIDOS. Specificity and PPV in the diagnosis of ASD were found to be 0.99 and 0.80, respectively. NPV for all tests were above 0.99. CONCLUSION: The current study has demonstrated that TIDOS was more sensitive and had higher PPV than M-CHAT. TIDOS has required little time and might be easily combined to routine physical examination of toddlers attending 18- to 36-month well-child clinic visits.

One of the most important investments that the Republic of Turkey inherited from the Ottoman Empire was its network of railways and stations. It is well known that the modernization/development policy of the early Republican period of Turkey was built on the expansion of the railway network across the country. In this context, train stations and the railway environment, as well as the socio-cultural make-up of the city and its citizens, can be seen as part of the national and local modernization project. This study examines the Kayseri Train Station and İstasyon Caddesi (Station Street) and their contributions to the transformation of the city within the context of the modernization project. The impact on the city's physical environment included new roads, residential areas, public spaces, modern landscaping, and new sub-centers in the north of the city. A wide variety of socio-cultural activities have taken place there, ranging from the addition of educational facilities to official celebrations of national holidays, and the area reflects the visibility and power of the nation-state. It is possible to argue that, along with the modern housing facilities located nearby, these structures can be seen as the groundwork in connecting the people of Kayseri with 'modern life.' Therefore, their role in the physical and socio-cultural transformation of the city was examined not only in terms of structure and scale with regard to urban space, but specifically in terms of Kayseri's own local parameters. While all Anatolian cities may have experienced similar transformations, upon close examination, distinct differences can be observed.

In this paper, a novel four-level flying capacitor inverter and its comparison with the conventional flying capacitor topology in terms of THD analysis are proposed. This new topology have some advantages over conventional one as following: The blocking voltages are the same for all switches used in the configuration, there is no need for capacitor midpoint connection and this eliminates low frequency current which circulate in dc-link capacitors, and the number of flying capacitor is reduced as compared with conventional form of it. The operation of the topology, modulation strategy, simulation results, and THD analysis for the output waveforms are presented in this paper. Article History: Received: 17th July 2017; Received: October 14th 2017; Accepted: Januari 18th 2018; Available online How to Cite This Article: Gülpınar, F., Sarı, F., and Uzun, Y. (2017) Analysis of a Novel Four Level Flying Capacitor H – Bridge Converter. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.1.71-75

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ülkemizde 1977-2016 yılları arasında hemşirelik bölümünde kabul edilen lisansüstü tezlerinin yayınlanma oranlarının ve yayınlandıkları dergilerin indeks türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Araştırma, Bibliyometrik, Retrospektif ve Tanımlayıcı bir kayıt çalışmasıdır. Bulgular: Araştırma verileri, 1977-2016 yılları arasında hemşirelik alanında 4887 adet lisansüstü tez olduğunu, bu tezlerin %79,2’si Yüksek Lisans, %20,8’inin ise doktora tezi olduğunu göstermiştir. Tezler dokuz anabilim dalı altında incelenmiş ve hemşirelerin lisansüstü eğitimde en çok Hemşirelik Anabilim dalı %32,2 altında tez yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Yapılan tezlerin %17,2’si makale olarak yayınlanmıştır. Yayın olan tezlerin, yayınlandığı dergilerin index türü incelendiğinde; %15,8’i atıf indeksi SSCI, SCI-exp, A&HCI kapsamındaki dergilerde, %29,4’ü uluslararası indeksli dergilerde ve %30,7’si ulusal indeksli dergiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Yapılan tezlerin %17,2’sinin yayınlanması hemşirelerin yayın sürecinde sıkıntılarının olduğunu göstermektedir. Hemşirelerin son yıllarda atıf indeksinde yayınlanan makale sayısındaki artışın, YÖK’ün akademik yükseltmelerde atıf indeksindeki dergilerde yayın şartı getirmiş olmasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Hemşirelerin yayın sürecinde yaşadıkları sıkıntıların belirlenmesi ve giderilebilmesi için daha fazla nitel araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Araştırma makalelerinin sayısının artmasıyla birlikte yeni bibliyometrik çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı niteliklerinden dolayı tescil edilmiş sivil mimarlık örneklerinin yapı kabuklarında ısısal sorunların analiz edilmesi ve günümüz teknolojisi ile çözüm önerileri sunulmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda alan çalışması için seçilen bölge Bursa İli Reyhan ve Hisar Bölgeleri olmuş ve 4 farklı yapı incelenmiştir. İlk aşamada duvarların ısı geçirgenlik katsayısı değerleri hesaplanmış ve yapıların mevcut yalıtım performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonrasında ise yeni önerilen yapı malzemeleriyle ısıl performansın optimum düzeye gelmesi sağlanmıştır. Sözü edilen bu hesaplamalarda yalıtım malzemesinin çeşidi ve kalınlığı seçilerek uygulama detayları oluşturulmuştur. Bu detaylar uygulanırken, yapının tescilli bir yapı olduğu ve mevcut mimari özelliklerde tahribata yol açmaksızın uygulama yapılması en temel ilkelerden bir olarak gözetilmiştir.

The objectiveof the present study is to determine the burnout levels of architects workingin architectural firms and to identify whether their burnout levelsdifferentiated based on certain demographic variables. The population of thestudy included 1250 architects registered with Chamber of Architects in Bursaprovince. Sample of the study included 150 volunteer architects that work atarchitectural firms in Bursa and accessed with e-mail. Personal InformationForm and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Form were used as data collectiontools in the study. Data analysis was conducted with log linear analysis, whichis commonly used for multivariate categorical data analysis. It was determinedthat the architects had intermediate level of burnout. Correlation between theburnout levels of the architects and factors such as gender, age, educationlevel, marital status, willingness in choice of profession, hours spent at theoffice, number of architects working at the same office, total weekly workhours, average annual income was analyzed. Statistical data analysisdemonstrated that females and architects who stated that their choice ofprofession was not voluntary had higher levels of burnout.

Abstract Background Myelophthisis due to melanoma is a rare phenomenon. Treatment strategies for patients with this serious complication of malignancy have not been well documented, and none have previously reported efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Since bone metastases are not measurable lesions per standard response criteria, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in the bones is also not well described. Case presentation We describe a patient with widespread melanoma metastases involving the bone marrow causing myelophthisis and pancytopenia who responded to immune checkpoint inhibition with the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. Conclusions This is the first report to our knowledge of disease response to immune checkpoint inhibition in a patient with myelophthisis. Clinical trials have recently emerged describing the efficacy of PD-1 inhibition for disorders regularly involving the bone marrow, such as hematologic malignancies, suggesting the importance of better understanding the bone marrow as an immunologically active compartment. Clinicians should be aware that immune checkpoint inhibition alone may be effective in treating malignancy involving the bone marrow, even in cases of extensive involvement resulting in pancytopenia due to myelophthisis from a solid tumor as our case suggests.

Various anomalies of chromosome 1 which is the largest chromosome of the human karyotype were found in various hematologic diseases. In this retrospective study, clinical features and cytogenetic anomalies of 35 hematological patients with various chromosome 1 anomalies were correlated. Also the effect of chromosome 1 anomalies to the disease prognosis of those patients was discussed. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of those patients was performed by investigating metaphases of 24 hours stimulated bone marrow samples. After cell culturing, the samples were treated with trypsin and stained with Giemsa (GTG Banding). Analyses were performed on image analysis system. Chromosome 1 anomalies were determined in 35 patients (0.5 %) among 6865 samples having done their conventional bone marrow cytogenetic analysis in our center between January 2008 and March 2016. The ratio of chromosome 1 anomalies of totally 701 anomalies among 6865 patients was 4.9%. Chromosome 1 anomalies were found mostly in patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in our study group. The most common anomaly was deletion 1 which was seen in 16 (37%) patients. Second most common anomaly was derivation 1 which was seen in 13 (30%) patients. Also translocations between chromosome 1 and other chromosomes were observed. The genetic aberration formed as a result of chromosomal anomalies result in the formation of hematologic malignancies. The effect on disease pathogenesis and prognosis of some of those anomalies are unknown and have to be investigated and determined.

Earthquakes are the most destructive natural disasters, causing massive loss of life, infrastructure damages and serious financial losses. Earthquake-induced building damage detection is a very important step after earthquakes since such buildings pose a risk for cities. The recent advances in digital photogrammetry/remote sensing technology and satellite sensor/camera systems have inspired to emerge new and different research areas and applications. With the development of digital camera technology since 1950's, it has become possible to produce orthophotos with high spatial resolution and positional accuracy. These orthophotos are used successfully in the extraction of the details and the thematic classification. Depending on the high spatial image resolutions, the use of object-based approach has gained importance and has become widespread rather than the traditional pixel-based approach in the thematic classification. The town of Erciş in Van province, situated in the eastern part of Turkey, was selected for the study. In this region, an earthquake with moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.2 was occurred at 10:41 UTC (13:41 local time) on October 23th, 2011. In this study, the orthophotos produced from the aerial photographs taken one day after the earthquake by the General Command of Mapping for the purpose of damage detection. In the post-earthquake ortophotos, 2 different types of sites were selected as the study areas. As an initial step, segmentation process was carried out by selecting the most suitable parameters for the classification of both homogenous and heterogeneous areas. In the segmentation phase, the multi-resolution algorithm was utilized. After doing different trials, the most suitable shape factor and compactness values were considered. In the next step, two different classification approaches, namely “supervised” and “unsupervised”, used within the object based image classification were applied and their classification accuracies were compared.

This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout among architectural students. The sample of the study included 35 4th year students in the Architecture Department. In the study the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) of Bar-On was used to measure the emotional intelligence profile, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) of Maslach was used to measure the state of burnout. The EI level of architecture students was found upper intermediate with a score of 3,63/5. No relationship was found between the EI level of students and their gender, habitation, employment and financial welfare levels. The burnout status of architecture students was defined as intermediate with a score of 2,66/5. No relationship was found between the burnout status of students and their gender, habitation, employment and financial welfare levels. The statistical analysis of the data has revealed a strong statistically significant relationship, in the same direction between the emotional intelligence levels of the students and their burnout status. The study has also revealed a strong and statistically significant relationship between the burnout status and general mood and stress management subscales of emotional intelligence

Bu çalışmada Uludag Üniversitesi Gorukle Yerleşkesi’nde yer alan 2 ayrı mühendislik bölümüne ait binalardaki iç mekân fiziksel çevre kalitesi kullanıcı görüşleri alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmenin yapılabilmesi için fiziksel çevre kalitesini oluşturan unsurlar çalışma yazarları tarafından belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi aşağıdaki aşamalarda gerçekleşmiştir: ilk aşamada fiziksel çevre kalitesine ile ilgili literatür analizi yapılmıştır. Literatür analizinde öne çıkan anahtar kavramlardan yola çıkarak bu kavramların sorgulanmasına ilişkin kullanıcı görüşlerini almaya yönelik olarak anket hazırlanmıştır. Literatür analizi sonrasında ortaya konulan anahtar kavramlar Ulaşılabilirlik, Erişilebilirlik, Ergonomi, Isıl Konfor, İşitsel Konfor, Görsel Konfor, İç Hava Kalitesi, Hizmet Mekânları, Sosyalleşmedir. Bu değerlendirmenin amacı, mekân kullanımında öğrenciler için önemli olan kriterleri tespit etmek ve binanın ihtiyaç duyulan performans koşullarını yerine getirmesine olanak sağlamaktır

This study aims to perform a partial characterization of the crude enzymatic extracts of Aspergillus wentii inulinase produced by using the Jerusalem artichoke as the only carbon source in a production medium, which is a new source for obtaining inulinase. The screening medium that contained inulin as the only carbon source used by Derycke and Wandamme (1984) was redesigned to include Jerusalem artichoke powder instead of inulin and was used for the inulinase production of A. wentii. The crude inulinase produced by A.wentii was preliminarily characterized for its activity and stability. Optimum pH, temperature and incubation times for the crude enzymatic extract were determined as pH 6.0, 35°C and 10 min, respectively. The Km and the Vmax values were calculated as approximately 1×10-4 M, and 6.134 mmol/ml/min for A. wentii inulinase, respectively. The enzyme activity was observed to be stable at the intervals of pH 3.0-6.0 (96.8%), to maintain its activity until 50°C, and to have 62.3% relative activity at 80°C. The results confirm that A. wentii inulinase can be an enzyme with industrial treatments due to its relationship with its substrate and its good pH stability and thermal stability. A. wentii inulinase can be a new and usable source for preparation of pure fructose from inulin-containing agricultural products.

This special issue explores most of the scientific issues related to spatially supported disaster management and its integration with geographical information system technologies in different disaster examples and scales [...]

Older adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) continue to have a poor prognosis, in part due to greater chemotherapy-related toxicities. We herein report a 67-year-old man with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell ALL, who exhibited refractoriness to 3 different regimens of induction chemotherapy and experienced multiple complications including intracranial bleeding and respiratory failure, who achieved minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative complete response (CR) after a single cycle of inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO). His ALL was characterized by several high-risk mutations, which may have contributed to chemotherapy-refractory disease. Our case supports incorporating IO into front-line induction regimens for older adults with high-risk B-cell ALL. Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Older adults, Immunotherapy

Introduction: Liver transplantation is currently the only treatment option in acute hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease. In spite of their complications, ABO-incompatible liver transplantations are performed due to the shortage of suitable donors and the urgent need for organs. Despite developments in surgical techniques and improvements in antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies, infection is still an important complication and continues to be a major cause of death. In this study, ABO-compatible and ABO-incompatible liver transplant recipients were compared retrospectively in terms of infections and survival. Materials and Methods: Sixteen ABO-incompatible liver transplant recipients whose transplant surgeries were performed by the Liver Transplant Team between March 2002 and January 2011 were included in the study. ABO-compatible liver transplant recipients whose surgeries were undergone before and after the ABO-incompatible transplantation were selected as control group (total 32 patients). Patients" postoperative one year data were obtained from hospital records in both groups. Results: In the first postoperative year after liver transplantation, 12 (75%) of the ABO-incompatible recipients and 21 (65.6%) of the ABOcompatible recipients experienced at least one infection attack (p=0.509). The infection attack rate was 175% in the ABO-incompatible group and 113% in the ABO-compatible group (p=0.262). Eight (50%) of the 16 ABO-incompatible recipients and nine (28.1%) of the 32 ABO-compatible recipients died within one year of transplantation (p=0.135). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of mortality or infection rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate in both ABO-compatible and incompatible recipients. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that ABO-incompatible transplants were comparable to ABO-compatible transplants in terms of infection rates and survival. It should be kept in mind that ABO incompatible liver transplantation may be an option, especially in emergencies and in selected cases, despite differences in complications between centers and patient groups and concerns about greater complications in ABOincompatible patients. However, further studies are needed on this topic.

This study aims to perform a partial characterization of the crude enzymatic extracts of Aspergillus wentii inulinase produced by using the Jerusalem artichoke as the only carbon source in a production medium, which is a new source for obtaining inulinase. The screening medium that contained inulin as the only carbon source used by Derycke and Wandamme (1984) was redesigned to include Jerusalem artichoke powder instead of inulin and was used for the inulinase production of A. wentii. The crude inulinase produced by A.wentii was preliminarily characterized for its activity and stability. Optimum pH, temperature and incubation times for the crude enzymatic extract were determined as pH 6.0, 35°C and 10 min, respectively. The Km and the Vmax values were calculated as approximately 1×10-4 M, and 6.134 mmol/ml/min for A. wentii inulinase, respectively. The enzyme activity was observed to be stable at the intervals of pH 3.0-6.0 (96.8%), to maintain its activity until 50°C, and to have 62.3% relative activity at 80°C. The results confirm that A. wentii inulinase can be an enzyme with industrial treatments due to its relationship with its substrate and its good pH stability and thermal stability. A. wentii inulinase can be a new and usable source for preparation of pure fructose from inulin-containing agricultural products.

In nature, energy has a very significant role in meeting human needs. Similarly, money has the same significance for the economy. In nature, energy is obtained either from energy or from substances. However, in the course of energy transforming into energy, leakeage loss happens. In other words, the amount of energy output is not the same as the amount of energy input. In fact, substances produce more energy. In this context, we can say similar things for the money which is the energy of the economy. When financiers with more income in today’s economy try to maximize their profits, they either put out their money at interest or they invest their money in production. Therefore, these preferences have some personal and economical pros and cons. In this study by means of comparing energy with money, it was aimed to emphasize that economically, activities based upon natural productions are more efficient and superior than the activities based upon monetary movements.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare extra-nodal B-cell lymphoma that proliferates within small/intermediate blood vessels and capillaries while sparing large blood vessels and organ parenchyma. Clinical presentation is highly variable and may include B symptoms, neurological deficits, and/or cutaneous findings. The diagnosis of IVLBCL is difficult due to multiorgan involvement and nonspecific symptoms. We describe the case of a 68-year-old male who presented with progressive weakness, confusion, and falls. He had a past medical history of liver cirrhosis secondary to Wilson’s disease. Physical exam and laboratory results revealed a lethargic man with jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, and abnormal liver/kidney function tests. He expired after a short hospital course in the setting of hepatic and renal failure. Postmortem examination revealed large neoplastic lymphoid cells involving multiple organ blood vessels; however skin and neurologic involvement was absent. The neoplastic cells demonstrated B-cells positive for CD5, rendering a diagnosis of IVLBCL. Our case represents the occurrence of IVLBCL with CD5-positivity in a patient with Wilson’s disease, diagnosed at autopsy demonstrating the challenging nature of diagnosing IVLBCL.

Öz. Bu araştırma, Niloya çizgi filmini toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları açısından incelemeyi amaçladığından yorumlamacı temel nitel araştırma özelliği taşımaktadır. Araştırmada Niloya çizgi filminin 50 bölümü izlenmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Çizgi filmde bulunan karakterlerin, toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin kalıp yargılara uygun davranış ve görünümlere sahip oldukları belirlenmiş olup, çizgi filmin toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının üretilmesine katkı sağladığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çizgi filmde gösterilen yemek yapma, ev temizleme, çocuk bakımı gibi işlerle hep annenin ilgilendiği; araba sürme, bahçe işleri ve hayvanlarla ilgilenme gibi işlerle ise baba ve dedenin ilgilendiği görülmüştür. İzlenen bölümlerde kadın karakterlerin giysi renkleri pembe ve mor gibi renklerken, erkek karakterlerin giysi renklerinde mavi, sarı, yeşil gibi renkler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yine kız ve erkek çocukların oyun ve oyuncak tercihlerinin toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarına uygun olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çocukların büyük çoğunluğunun çizgi film izlediği ve bu karakterle özdeşim kurduğu düşünüldüğünde kadın–erkek eşitliğinin sağlanması amacıyla çizgi filmlerdeki cinsiyet eşitsizliği probleminin çözülmesi ve içerdikleri mesajlar açısından düzenlenmesi gerektiği söylenebilir.

Amaç: Bu çalışma Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı KOAH olan bireylerin primer bakım vericilerinin gereksinimleri, bakım verme yükü ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki araştırma Ankara’daki iki üniversite hastanesi ve bir devlet hastanesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini 1 Ocak 2008- 31 Mayıs 2008 tarihleri arasında ulaşılabilen 18 yaşından büyük, çalışmaya katılmaya istekli 245 primer bakım verici birey oluşturmuştur. Veriler, hasta ve bakım vericiler için ayrı hazırlanan anket formu ve Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği Burden Interview ile elde edilmiş olup, tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra korelasyon, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Bonferroni düzeltmeli KruskallWallis H testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: KOAH’lı hasta bireylerin yaş ortalaması 67.05 ± 9.8 Dağılım aralığı= 47-89 yaş , primer bakım vericilerin yaş ortalaması 53.94 ± 9.3 yıl Dağılım aralığı= 32-69 yaş arasında dağılım göstermiştir. Bakım vericilerin %88.6’sının kadın, %47.7’sinin ev hanımı, %46.1’inin ortaokul mezunu ve %57.6’sının hastanın karısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastaların ortalama 7 yıldır KOAH tanısı ile izlendiği ve tamamına yakınının evde oksijen tedavisi aldığı %98.8 ; ancak bakım vericilerin %59.1’inin oksijen tedavisine ilişkin eğitim almadığı belirlenmiştir. Bakım vericilerin Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği’ne göre puan ortalaması 50.2 ± 8.7 olarak elde edilmiş olup yaş ilerledikçe puanlarının azaldığı p

Kapalı alışveriş merkezleri günümüzde kullanıcıların sıklıkla tercih ettikleri mekânlar olmaktadır. Doğal havalandırmaya sahip olmayan bu kapalı merkezlerde görsel ve iklimsel konfor koşulları yapay iklimlendirme cihazlarıyla sağlanmaktadır. Alışveriş merkezlerinin yaşayabilirliği açısından önemli bir faktör olan kullanıcı memnuniyetinin sağlanabilmesi için, bu sistemlerin kullanılması beraberinde yoğun bir enerji tüketimin de getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, alışveriş merkezlerinin mekan organizasyonu prensiplerinin, kullanıcıların iç ortam konfor koşulları (ısıl konfor, iç hava kalitesi, doğal havalandırma durumu, gün ışığı, doğal aydınlatma, işitsel konfor) hakkındaki sübjektif görüşlerini etkilediği savı ortaya konulmuştur.. Bu amaçla, Bursa ilinde bulunan 7 büyük alışveriş merkezi uygulama alanı olarak seçilmiş, konfor koşullarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kullanıcı görüşlerini içeren bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, kullanıcı görüşlerinden faydalanarak, mimari tasarımın ve yerleşimin iç ortam konfor koşullarına etkisinin tespit edilmesidir. Anket sonuçları; iç ortam sıcaklığı ve ısıl konfor, iç hava kalitesi ve doğal havalandırma durumu, gün ışığı ve doğal aydınlatma, işitsel konfor başlıkları altında alışveriş merkezlerindeki kullanıcı görüşlerinden faydalanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kullanıcıların konfor koşulları ile ilgili sübjektif değerlendirmeleri ve alışveriş merkezleri tasarım ilkeleri arasındaki ilişki karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş ve yeni tasarlanacak alışveriş merkezleri için öneriler sunulmuştur

Enclosed shopping malls are one of the most preferred spaces in our daily lives. In these places, visual and climatic comfort conditions of the users are generally provided by artificial systems instead of natural ones. In order to provide user satisfaction which is one of the most important requirements for the viability of these centers, the usage of these artificial systems causes higher energy consumption. In this study, it is argued that spatial organization scheme of shopping malls affects the subjective thoughts of the users’ interior comfort conditions (thermal, interior space air quality, natural ventilation, day lighting, audial comfort). In this context, 7 large shopping malls in Bursa were selected as case studies and the questionnaire aiming to evaluate the users’ satisfaction about comfort conditions in these shopping malls was carried out. The aim of the study is to identify the effects of architectural design principles and spatial organization schemes on the users’ evaluation of comfort conditions. The results of the questionnaire are classified under subtitles such as interior heat, thermal comfort, interior air quality and natural ventilation, day lighting, audial comfort .In this context, at the end of the study, the relation between the users’ subjective evaluation of comfort conditions and architectural design principles are comparatively discussed and some suggestions for the design of new shopping malls are provided

Despite advances in device closure for atrial septal defect, post-closure heart failure remains a clinical problem in adult patients but is seen only rarely in children. An eight-year-old boy, who had been followed by a local pediatrician with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and congenital heart disease, was consulted to us for cardiac re-evaluation. Electrocardiography demonstrated absent P waves, and echocardiography revealed enlargement of the right ventricle and both atria and secundum atrial septal defect. With the diagnosis of atrial standstill, secundum atrial septal defect and thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia, acute heart failure developed after transvenous closure of the atrial septal defect, which improved dramatically with thiamine and supportive treatment.

Amaç: Bu çalışma anne adaylarının fetüs hakları konusundaki bilgidurumlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı türdedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 7Ekim–30 Aralık 2009 tarihlerinde İç Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir ilimizde bulunan Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi’ne başvuran264 gebe oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada araştırmacılar tarafından ilgililiteratür temel alınarak oluşturulan 28 soruluk anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza katılan anne adaylarının % 40,9’u 20-24 yaşgrubunda, % 36,3’ü lise mezunu ve % 81,8’i ev hanımıdır. Anne adaylarının % 12,1’i daha önce küretaj olmuştur. Anne adaylarının %56,1’i “istek halinde ve gerekli şartların varlığında, 10. haftaya kadarolan gebeliklerin sonlandırılabileceğini düşünmektedirler. Anneadaylarının % 65,1’i her fetüsün canlı doğma hakkına sahip olduğunu kabul etmişlerdir. Anne adaylarının % 63,6’sı yaşamla bağdaşmayan anomaliler ile karşılaşıldığında 10-22. gebelik haftaları arasındagebeliğin sonlandırılmasının etik olduğunu düşünmektedirler. Sonuç: Anne adayları, fetüsün sahip olduğu haklar konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip değildir. Bu anlamda sağlık profesyonelleri, anneadaylarını bilgilendirerek farkındalık oluşturabilirler

OBJECTIVE: Both soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) and factor VIII (FVIII) seem to be potential mediators in thrombotic and inflammatory states. The aim of the present study was to determine the relation between plasma sEPCR and FVIII levels in a group of healthy Turkish infants. METHODS: The study population consisted of 50 healthy infants aged 6 months (Group 1, n=23) and 12 months (Group 2, n=27) having no acute or chronic infection and/or disease. sEPCR levels and FVIII levels were measured by ELISA and one stage factor assay method, respectively. RESULTS: The sEPCR levels of the infants aged 6 months were found higher than those of the infants aged 12 months (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in children. We analyzed the medical records for children aged 3 months to 18 years who presented to the hospital with ALT >45 IU/L and/or AST >50 IU/L, between 2012 and 2014, for various reasons, including those not related to liver disease. In total, 281 children met the study criteria. This group comprised of 125 (44.5%) females and 156 (55.5%) males. At the presentation, the most common patient complaint was fatigue (53.4%), while 15.7% of the patients reported no symptoms. The most common findings on the physical examination were jaundice and hepatomegaly. In 15% of the cases, the findings were normal. According to the diagnosis, the most common cause of the elevated transaminases were infections (34%), with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection as the leading cause (18.9%). Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) was the cause in 18.1% of the cases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 11.1%. The highest transaminase levels were associated with HAV infection, while DILI and NAFLD caused only slightly elevated transaminases. Overall, our results show that the elevated transaminases in children are most often caused by infections, DILI, and NAFLD. In a majority of cases, elevated ALT and AST indicate liver disease, however, they could also be associated with conditions other than liver damage. Additionally, the elevated enzymes can be detected in completely healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 46) outcrossing species mainly grown in the Mediterranean area, where it is the most important oil-producing crop. Because of its economic, cultural and ecological importance, various DNA markers have been used in the olive to characterize and elucidate homonyms, synonyms and unknown accessions. However, a comprehensive characterization and a full sequence of its transcriptome are unavailable, leading to the importance of an efficient large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in olive. The objectives of this study were (1) to discover olive SNPs using next-generation sequencing and to identify SNP primers for cultivar identification and (2) to characterize 96 olive genotypes originating from different regions of Turkey. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Next-generation sequencing technology was used with five distinct olive genotypes and generated cDNA, producing 126,542,413 reads using an Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx. Following quality and size trimming, the high-quality reads were assembled into 22,052 contigs with an average length of 1,321 bases and 45 singletons. The SNPs were filtered and 2,987 high-quality putative SNP primers were identified. The assembled sequences and singletons were subjected to BLAST similarity searches and annotated with a Gene Ontology identifier. To identify the 96 olive genotypes, these SNP primers were applied to the genotypes in combination with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study marks the highest number of SNP markers discovered to date from olive genotypes using transcriptome sequencing. The developed SNP markers will provide a useful source for molecular genetic studies, such as genetic diversity and characterization, high density quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, association mapping and map-based gene cloning in the olive. High levels of genetic variation among Turkish olive genotypes revealed by SNPs, AFLPs and SSRs allowed us to characterize the Turkish olive genotype.

Background The levels and clinical relevance of Th17 cells and other interleukin-17-producing cells have not been analyzed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The objective of this study was to quantify blood and tissue levels of Th17 and other interleukin-17-producing cells in patients with this disease and correlate blood levels with clinical outcome.Design and Methods Intracellular interleukin-17A was assessed in blood and splenic mononuclear cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and healthy subjects using flow cytometry. Interleukin-17A-producing cells were analyzed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen and lymph node sections using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results The absolute numbers of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the percentages of Th17 cells in spleen cell suspensions were higher in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia than in healthy subjects; in six out of eight paired chronic lymphocytic leukemia blood and spleen sample comparisons, Th17 cells were enriched in spleen suspensions. Circulating Th17 levels correlated with better prognostic markers and longer overall survival of the patients. Two “non-Th17” interleukin-17-expressing cells were identified in chronic lymphocytic leukemia spleens: proliferating cells of the granulocytic lineage and mature mast cells. Granulocytes and mast cells in normal spleens did not express interleukin-17. Conversely, both chronic lymphocytic leukemia and healthy lymph nodes contained similar numbers of interleukin-17+ mast cells as well as Th17 cells.Conclusions Th17 cells are elevated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with better prognostic markers and correlate with longer survival. Furthermore, non-Th17 interleukin-17A-expressing cells exist in chronic lymphocytic leukemia spleens as maturing granulocytes and mature mast cells, suggesting that the microenvironmental milieu in leukemic spleens promotes the recruitment and/or expansion of Th17 and other IL-17-expressing cells. The pathophysiology of Th17 and non-Th17-interleukin-producing cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and their distributions and roles in this disease merit further study.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the impact of postpolio-syndrome on quality of life in polio survivors. Methods: Forty polio survivors were included in the study. Twenty-one patients fulfilling the Halstead's postpolio-syndrome criteria participated in postpolio-syndrome group. The remaining nineteen patients formed non-postpolio-syndrome group. Control group was composed of forty healthy subjects. Quality of life was evaluated by Nottingham Health Profile, depression by Beck Depression Scale and fatigue by Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Isometric muscle strength was measured by manual muscle testing. Results: Total manual muscle testing score was 26.19 ± 13.24 (median: 29) in postpolio-syndrome group and 30.08 ± 8.9 (median: 32) in non-postpolio-syndrome group. Total manual muscle testing scores of non-postpolio-syndrome group were significantly higher than that of postpolio-syndrome group. Patients with postpolio-syndrome reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and reduced quality of life in terms of physical mobility, pain and energy when compared with patients without postpolio-syndrome and control group. It was not reported a statistically significant difference in social and emotional functioning and sleep quality between postpolio-syndrome, non-postpolio-syndrome and control groups. Also it was not found any statistically significant difference in Beck Depression Scale scores among the groups. Conclusions: Postpolio-syndrome has a negative impact on quality of life in terms of functional status, severity of pain and energy. The identification, early recognition and rehabilitation of postpolio-syndrome patients may result in an improvement in their quality of life.