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The article delves into the implications and challenges of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into academic library collections. It discusses the financial impact of AI tools on library budgets, the technical complexities of implementing AI-enhanced systems, and the evolving legal landscape concerning AI-generated content in library platforms.

Background: Nearly 40 percent of dermatologists in the U.S. practice in the 100 most population dense areas, with less than 10 percent practicing in rural areas. Rurality, delayed detection time, and increased travel distance have been associated with worse malignancy outcomes. Without their local rural dermatologist, we hypothesized patients would face significantly increased travel distance and be less likely to receive dermatological care. Methods: A survey was created to assess travel distance, likelihood to travel further for care, and use of primary care providers for dermatologic care. Eligible participants of the IRB approved study were patients of the only dermatology clinic in Yankton, South Dakota. Yankton is a town in southeastern South Dakota with a population of 14,687. Results: Overall, 100 surveys were completed. Most patients (53.5 percent) did not know where they would receive dermatologic care if the dermatology clinic was not available. The average patient would travel 42.6 miles further to the closest non-outreach dermatology clinics. Over 25 percent of patients were unlikely or not willing to travel further for care. As patient’s age increased, so did their likelihood to travel further. Conclusions: The data supports the hypothesis that without their local rural dermatologist, patients would face significantly increased travel distance and be less likely to receive dermatological care. Given the barriers to care in rural areas, it is imperative to proactively confront these challenges. Further studies are needed to assess for confounding factors in this dynamic and develop innovative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders are a group of diseases which represent the second most common (30 percent) subgroup of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. They present a challenging diagnosis given their similar findings histologically and clinically in comparison to other cutaneous pathologies. Use of immunohistochemical staining to identify CD30 positivity facilitates a more rapid development of the appropriate management plan. Here we present two cases of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders (lymphomatoid papulosis and anaplastic large cell lymphoma), analyze the spectrum of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders, and review potential mimics of these pathologies to ensure the proper workup, diagnosis, and management of such diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the relationship between adolescent drug use and suicide ideation and suicidal behavior for 3,064 high school students, who were respondents to the North Carolina Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Drug use, particularly of crack cocaine, is related to increased suicide ideation and suicidal behavior in this group. (SLD)

Spinal sensory (dorsal root ganglion; DRG) neurons display slowly inactivating, tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R), and rapidly inactivating, TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) Na currents. Attenuation of the TTX-R Na current and enhancement of TTX-S Na current have been demonstrated in cutaneous afferent DRG neurons in the adult rat after axotomy and may underlie abnormal bursting. We show here that steady-state levels of transcripts encoding the [Alpha]-SNS subunit, which is associated with a slowly inactivating, TTX-R current when expressed in oocytes, are reduced significantly 5 days following axotomy of DRG neurons, and continue to be expressed at reduced levels, even after 210 days. Steady-state levels of [Alpha]-III transcripts, which are present at low levels in control DRG neurons, show a pattern of transiently increased expression. In situ hybridization using [Alpha]-SNS- and [Alpha]-III-specific riboprobes showed a decreased signal for [Alpha]-SNS, and an increased signal for [Alpha]-III, in both large and small DRG neurons following axotomy. Reduced levels of [Alpha]-SNS may explain the selective loss of slowly inactivating, TTX-R current. The abnormal electrophysiological properties of DRG neurons following axonal injury thus appear to reflect a switch in Na channel gene expression.

Background: Parotid gland malignancies are difficult to characterize in terms of incidence and risk factors due to their relatively rare occurrence. Common cancers often present more aggressively in rural areas, albeit occurring less frequently. Some previous studies have found increased distance to care has been linked to more advanced malignancies. This study hypothesized decreased access to parotid gland malignancy specialists (otolaryngologists or dermatologists), evaluated as longer travel distances, would be associated with more advanced staging of parotid gland malignancies. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the Sanford Health system electronic medical record in South Dakota and surrounding states from 2008-2018 was conducted to obtain data of parotid gland malignancies, respective staging, and patient home addresses to assess distance, both driving and straight-line, to the nearest parotid gland malignancy specialist, including outreach clinics. Travel distance was categorized (0-20 miles, 20-40 miles, and 40+ miles) and compared to categorized tumor stage (early 0/I, late II/III/IV) using a Fisher’s Exact test. Results: Overall, chart review yielded 134 patients with parotid gland malignancies from 2008-2018 in the Sanford Health system and associated data was gathered. The malignancies were categorically organized as 52.3 percent in early stage (0/I) vs. 47.7 percent in late (II/III/IV). When comparing parotid malignancy stage to driving distance, no significant association was found when outreach clinics were excluded (p=0.938) or included (p=0.327). When comparing parotid malignancy stage to straight-line distance, no significant association was found when outreach clinics were excluded (p=0.801) or included (p=0.874). Conclusions: Although no association was established between travel distance and parotid gland malignancy staging, further studies are needed to evaluate at population levels the incidence of parotid gland malignancies in rural communities and if there are specific risk factors in these areas for these malignancies which is currently unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) gene which encodes for a serine protease inhibitor, lymphoepithelial Kazal-typerelated inhibitor (LEKT1). NS is characterized by a triad of ichthyosiform erythroderma, trichorrhexis invaginata, and atopic diathesis with elevated IgE levels. The syndrome typically presents in infancy, where life-threatening complications are frequent, and evolves into a less severe condition with milder clinical symptoms in adulthood. This case report details the clinical history and genetic testing of a mother and two children with clinically symptomatic and genetically proven NS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recruitment is an important driver of fish population abundance and size structure and can be affected by a variety of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors. Walleye Sander vitreus populations often exhibit variable year‐class strength, which has been attributed to a suite of factors. In this study, we quantified variability in Walleye recruitment, assessed within‐lake recruitment synchrony, and modeled recruitment variability for year‐classes that were produced from 1988 to 2013 in Lake Oahe, a large Missouri River reservoir. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether Walleye recruit annually, (2) whether Walleye recruitment is spatially synchronous, and (3) whether Walleye recruitment is better described by biotic or abiotic factors. The variability of Walleye recruitment was indexed by using gill‐net catch of age‐2 Walleye across nine locations in Lake Oahe, and factors affecting recruitment were evaluated by using stock–recruit analysis. Over the 26 years that were assessed, all year‐classes were present and four exceptionally large year‐classes were produced. Recruitment synchrony was apparent among locations within Lake Oahe, but this relationship was largely influenced by the spatial synchrony of the four exceptionally large year‐classes and was no longer detectable when those year‐classes were removed. The relative abundance of age‐4 and older Walleye, taken as an index of spawner abundance, was a poor predictor of Walleye recruitment, indicating that Walleye recruitment was regulated by density‐independent factors across the range of observations. The interactive effects of reservoir elevation and elevation change improved model fit to explain 59% of the recruitment variation and indicated that increased elevation from the previous year improved recruitment. Our results indicate that Walleye recruitment may be favored by increasing the water levels in the reservoir in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of a study designed to assess knowledge about chlamydial infection among university students (N=258) revealed serious gaps in knowledge. Data suggests that students held several misconceptions, or had no knowledge, regarding symptoms, transmission, treatment, and testing for chlamydial infection. (IAH)

The microcomputer can be an important tool for the health educator faced with the task of designing exercise programs for a variety of individuals in community or worksite settings. The EXERFIT exercise prescription program at the University of Maryland illustrates an application of the microcomputer. (CJ)

The author discusses aspects of the implementation phase of quality circles. He examines participant selection, participation of part-time or temporary workers, minority representation, voluntary aspect of circle programs, secrecy, and problem resolution versus politics. (CT)