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Dietary exposure to mycotoxins is a matter of great concern in terms of public health and regulatory bodies worldwide. Contamination of meat products with mycotoxigenic fungi and production of aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and other mycotoxins can occur at different points of the manufacturing steps, from farm to fork. Among all microorganisms, moulds (mycobiota) are groups of microorganisms that can contaminate dry-cured meats, so they may carry the risk of mycotoxicosis. Samarella (tsamarella in Greek) is one of Cyprus's traditional, sun-dried and salted meat products. Mycological studies on this product have not been reported, and the risk of AFs or OTA has not been studied. This point of view aimed to conduct a survey study in terms of mycotoxin risk in samarella. With this aim, samples (n = 30) were collected from all commercial brands from markets in Northern Cyprus and analysed by ELISA. According to the results of this study, 14 of 30 and 9 of 30 samples were above Quantitative Measurement Limits (LOQ) for Total AFs, and AFB1, respectively. On the other hand, no result was obtained above LOQ for OTA. It was obtained that among all detectable results for total AFs, even the min result (5.3 μg/kg) was above 4 μg/kg, defined as a critical limit for directly consumed foods. None of the AFB1 and OTA results was above the determined critical limit.

This study aims to design and implement a speaking task model following the principles of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Critical Thinking (CT). The study mainly investigated to what extent the use of critical thinking standards had an impact on the students’ oral performance with respect to the linguistic trilogy of fluency, accuracy, and complexity. Experimental research design was conducted to examine the differences in research foci between the non-treatment and treatment groups. Data were drawn from 16 students of the English Language Teaching department and collected through the designed task rubric, speech samples, and semi-structured interview protocols. The findings indicated that adherence to relevant intellectual standards in reasoning-gap tasks had a positive effect on the oral performance of the speakers of the target language. Additionally, concerning two linguistic dimensions of accuracy (p=.00) and complexity (p=.00), MANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference between two main research groups. Based on the semi-structured interview findings, all participants in the treatment group reported positive views regarding their learning experiences and oral performance supported with critically enhanced reasoning-gap tasks. This study proposes language teachers a synthesized TBLT model enhanced with critical thinking standards. With this task model, suggested pre-task plan, and speaking rubric, they can boost their students’ intellectual agility and make them more intellectually and linguistically active in their oral performance.

The U.S. Next Generation Science Standards treat biological adaptation as a disciplinary core idea, but various science educators recommend its introduction at different ages. The concept of biolog...

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes endothelial damage and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the present study vitamin D3 supplementation in rats was used to determine the role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator kB ligand (RANKL) signalling in endothelial damage and changes in the expression levels of genes involved in this pathway. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation affects OPG and RANKL activity in the aorta.Diabetes was induced in rats via injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin followed by a high fructose (10%) diet. Group 2 (healthy) and 4 (diabetic) received 170 IU/kg of vitamin D3 weekly for 5 weeks, while Group 1 (healthy) and 2 (diabetic) received sterile saline. The aortas of each group were collected to analyse mRNA expression using the real-time PCR method and also to evaluate magnesium and calcium levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Opg and Il-1b expression levels were significantly associated with both diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation in the aortas of the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). Opg mRNA expression was also found to correlate with both Icam-1 and Nos3 mRNA expression levels (r = 0.699, p = 0.001 and r = 0.622, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, when mineral levels in the aortic tissues were compared among all groups, it was found that the interaction of diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation significantly affected Mg levels and Mg/Ca ratios.It is concluded that vitamin D3 supplementation has a modulatory effect on OPG/RANKL activity in the vessel wall by ameliorating endothelial damage in diabetes. This effect may contribute to the regulation of cytokine-mediated vascular homeostasis and mineral deposition in the aorta; therefore, further comprehensive studies are proposed to demonstrate this relationship.

Background/aim We aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of apigenin and curcumin on the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagic cell death, as well as on paraptosis in HeLa cells. Materials and methods Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Synergistic effects were measured using the Bliss independence model. qRT-PCR was used to study the expression of genes related to apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and cross-talk. GRP78/BiP immunostaining was used to identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Results Treatment with a combination of apigenin and curcumin increased the expression levels of genes related to cell death in HeLa cells 1.29- to 27.6-fold. The combination of curcumin and apigenin showed a synergistic anti-tumor effect via cross-talk between processes leading to apoptosis and autophagic cell death, as well as ER stress-associated paraptosis. GRP78 expression was down-regulated, and massive cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in HeLa cells. Conclusion The combination of curcumin and apigenin is an effective potential therapeutic for cervical cancers.

Isoflavones have attracted much notice due to their health advantages; however, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of isoflavones on endometrium biology remains undiscovered. The expression and deficiency of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) has been shown to be involved in multiple implantations failures in female infertility. Mechanisms implicated in the failure of implantations require further researches, thus our aim is to investigate the effect of the Trifblium pratense L. isoflavone extract with abundant formononetin content on implantation through assessing LIF and LIFR expressions. The Ishikawa cells were cultured with 20, 30, and 40 mu g/mL concentrations of Trifolium pratense L. isoflavone extracts for 24 h and detected staining intensity of LIF and LIFR by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining using image analysis software. As compared with the control and 20 mu g/mL pratense L. groups, the staining intensity of LIF and LIFR in 30 and 40 mu g/mL Tiafolium pratense L. groups were significantly increased (P < .0001). Our findings suggest that Tiafolium pratense L. isoflavone extract may alter the endometrium expression of LIF and LIFR in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [TSA-2019-34998] The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the scientific research projects coordination unit of Istanbul University, (grant no. TSA-2019-34998).

The question of how critical-thinking skills could be integrated into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pedagogy has been one of the main concerns in the field of language teaching and learning as they have a great potential to increase the quality of learning and teaching. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether training based on peer feedback, including critical feedback, contributes to participants’ peer feedback and critical feedback performances. The participants, who were undergraduate English Language Teaching (ELT) students (n = 40), were exposed to an 8-week training program in which several feedback criteria, including critical ones, were introduced to them. Data obtained from the participants’ pre-test and post-test peer feedback performances and semi-structured interviews were analyzed by using SPSS and content analysis, respectively. The results revealed that the training improved performance in providing peer feedback, including critical peer feedback. Finally, learners reported satisfaction with the training program, although some challenges were encountered in the process.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused infection in a season when influenza is still prevalent. Both viruses have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations. Influenza has been described to cause respiratory infection with some other respiratory pathogens. However, the information of COVID-19 and influenza coinfection is limited. In this study, we reported our coinfected cases and reviewed the literature. We included all COVID-19 diagnosed patients. All patients with a presumed diagnosis of COVID-19 were routinely screened for influenza. Their thorax radiology was reviewed for COVID-19-influenza differentiation. During the study period, 1103 patients have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Among them, six patients (0.54%) were diagnosed coinfected with influenza. There have been 28 more coinfected patients reported. Laboratory-based screening studies reported more patients. Thorax radiology findings were compatible with COVID-19 in five and with influenza in one of our patients. Our cases were mild to moderate in severity. The reported cases in the literature included patients died (n = 2) and those living ventilator dependent or under mechanical ventilation. COVID-19 and influenza coinfection is rare. Screening studies report more cases, suggesting that unless screening patients with COVID-19, the coinfection remains undiagnosed and underestimated. Increasing experience in thoracic radiology may contribute to diagnose the responsible virus(es) from the clinical illness. Influenza vaccine for larger population groups can be recommended to simplify clinicians' work.

İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Sivas ilinin 16 ilçesi bulunmaktadır. Bu ilçelerden birisi de Altınyayla’dır. İl merkezine 82 kilometre uzaklıkta olan Altınyayla ilçesi, Sivas- Kayseri yolunun doğusundadır. Altınyayla eski bir yerleşim yeridir fakat ne zaman ve kimler tarafından kurulduğuna dair net bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Sivas ili Altınyayla ilçesi Merkez (Tonus) Camii Ahmet Ağa tarafından Mahmut Usta’ya h. 1313 (m. 1895-96) tarihlerinde yaptırılmıştır. Altınyayla Merkez Camii ilçenin en eski camisi olmakla beraber Türk mimarisinde ahşap direkli ve tavanlı camilere örnektir. Orta Asya’dan Anadolu’ya taşınan ahşap cami yapma geleneğinin Gazneliler ve Karahanlılar tarafından uygulandığı bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmanın kapsamını Altınyayla Merkez Camii’nin vaaz kürsüsü süslemeleri oluşturmaktadır. Vaaz kürsüsü ahşap malzemeden olup oyma, çakma ve ahşap üzeri renkli kalem işi tekniklerinin birlikte kullanıldığı bir eserdir. Kürsü; “S” ve “C” kıvrımlar, vazo içerisinde çiçek motifleri, palmetler, rozetler, yapraklar ve bitkisel motiflerle süslenmiştir. Kürsü süslemeleri renk, motif, desen, kompozisyon ve teknik açıdan incelenmiştir. Süslemeler, fotoğraf ve ayrıntılı çizimler ile desteklenerek belgeleme çalışmasıyla günümüzdeki durumu tespit edilmiştir. Ahşap ana kaidede çatlamalar, süslemelerde ve renklerde kısmi bozulmalar tespit edilmiştir. Vaaz kürsüsünde yer alan süslemelere gereken önemin verilmediği görülmüştür. Günümüzde kullanılmayan vaaz kürsüsü hakkında daha önce ayrıntılı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu sebeple belgeleme çalışmasının yapılıp literatüre kazandırılması gelecek kuşaklara ulaşması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

The infected pulp, microorganisms toxins, metabolic products, chemical agents, mechanical irritations, foreign substances, trauma and host defense plays a role in the periapical tissue diseases. Options for the treatment of large periapical lesions range from non-surgical root canal treatment and/or apical surgery to extraction. Although apical surgery may be a treatment option in these cases, conventional root canal treatment should be the first choice. The aim of this case report is to report that the large size of a periapical lesion does not always need a surgical approach and even large periapical lesions heal following a conservative endodontic therapy.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory infections in all age groups especially under two years. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical features of RSV in hospitalized children under two years of age with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in our region. Methodology: Between September 2011- May 2013, hospitalized children aged 0-2 years with the diagnosis of viral LRTI, in which nasopharengeal secretions were tested for the presence of the RSV antigen, were included in this prospective study. Results: Among the total of 361 hospitalized children who were investigated for RSV antigen, 138 (38%) were female and 223 (62%) were male. The mean age of the group was 5,7±5,1 months (0-24 months). RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions was positive in 68 (19%) of 361 patients. RSV infection was detected significantly higher in December and January (p = 0.003). RSV positivity was significantly higher in patients aged under 6 months (p=0.01), with shorter duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.02), low socioeconomic status (p = 0.02), and also born with spontaneous vaginal delivery (p = 0.007). In RSV(+) LRTI group, children were associated with severe disease than RSV (- LRTI group (p = 0.014). Conclusions: Since there is lack of data investigating the frequency and the risk factors of RSV respiratory infections in our region, the present study is important for providing new data. Furthermore, this is the second study investigating the correlation between RSV positivity and meteorological conditions in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION[|]Neonatal sepsis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. This study was planned to evaluate the demographic data, causative microorganisms and acute phase reactants at the time of diagnosis of blood culture positive sepsis in our neonatal intensive care unit.[¤]METHODS[|]We evaluated our patients diagnosed with blood culture positive sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit during three years retrospectively. In this study, 131 patients whose clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with sepsis were included.[¤]RESULTS[|]The most common microorganism isolated from blood cultures that were taken at the time of diagnosis was S. aureus (n=36, 27.5%). Nineteen of them were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Klebsiella species were isolated in 26 cases (19.8%) (K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca and ESBL positive Klebsiella species in 13, 2 and 11 cases, respectively). Thrombocyte counts of our patients were statistically significantly lower on the first day of culture sampling compared to the fifth-day values (p

In this paper, we report self- Q -switched (SQS) and three-color operation of an all-solid-state Tm:LuAG laser for the first time to our knowledge. In the experiments, a low-cost 3 W AlGaAs laser diode was used to end-pump the Tm:LuAG crystal inside a four-mirror x cavity. In typical continuous-wave (cw) operation, as high as 754 mW output power was obtained with 49% power efficiency at 2023 nm. Three-color and SQS operations were initiated by fine tuning of the curved mirror separation within the stability range of the resonator. In the three-color regime, the Tm:LuAG laser produced two extra, i.e., 2019 and 2033 nm, wavelength oscillations in addition to on at 2023 nm. As high as 542 mW output power was observed in this regime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first stable three-color laser operation obtained with an isotropic gain medium without having any birefringent elements in the cavity. Furthermore, the SQS operations were also observed at other curved mirror separations. In the SQS regime, the Tm:LuAG laser produced as fast as 13.3 kHz repetition rate pulses and as high as 42.5 µJ pulse energy. Analysis of power-dependent repetition rate data gave an estimated value of 2% for the round-trip saturable loss of the crystal. As far as we know, this is the first cw-pumped stable SQS 2 µm laser that contains an ordered isotropic gain medium as well as the highest pulse energy obtained in any cw-pumped SQS laser.

This study explored the beliefs, expectations, and experiences of tertiary students participated in an Erasmus program. With this purpose, a comprehensive analysis was sought to understand tertiary level students’ L2 use and their socialization. The participants were 8 Erasmus students who spent a semester in various countries where English was used in academic and informal settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and the data drawn from the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. Results revealed that students showed discrepancies and different priorities in terms of the reasons that motivated them for the experience. Moreover it was found that they had various expectations from the sojourn and they have considerably benefited from the experience on various issues ranging from language related to social and academic gains., Bu çalışma, Erasmus programına katılan yükseköğretim öğrencilerinin inançlarını, beklentilerini ve deneyimlerini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla, üniversite düzeyindeki öğrencilerin ikinci dil kullanımı ve sosyalleşmelerini araştırmak adına kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Katılımcıları, İngilizce'nin akademik ve gayri resmi ortamlarda kullanıldığı çeşitli ülkelerde bir dönem geçiren 8 Erasmus öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış ve görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar öğrencilerin deneyime kendilerini teşvik eden nedenler arasında farklılıklar ve farklı öncelikler gösterdiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Dahası, bu tecrübeden öğrencilerin farklı beklentilerinin olduğu ve dilsel kazanımlardan sosyal ve akademik kazanımlara kadar çeşitli konularda deneyimlerden önemli ölçüde faydalandıkları görülmüştür.

Previous in vitro studies suggest a direct relevance for the peptide-free lipid fraction (LF) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in biological mechanisms related to wound healing. However, there are no scientific reports to date on the wound healing activities of this lipid component

Previous in vitro studies suggest a direct relevance for the peptide-free lipid fraction (LF) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in biological mechanisms related to wound healing. However, there are no scientific reports to date on the wound healing activities of this lipid component in vivo. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the lipid portion of the activated PRP. For the wound healing activity assessment, in vivo full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats. Lipid extract from pooled PRP was applied topically to the wounds on 0, 3, and 7 days after injury. Histological assessment of epidermal and dermal regeneration, granulation tissue thickness and angiogenesis by Sirius red and Masson-s trichrome staining, in addition to immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1), collagen type I (COL I), and collagen type III (COL III) were performed on skin biopsies at 3, 7 and 14 days. The total histological scores of the LF group were significantly higher than the 25% dimethylsulfoxide-control group. According to the immunohistochemical staining, the observed expression changes for TGF-beta 1, COL I and III at 3, 7, and 14 days after wounding were significantly better in the study group than the control group. Furthermore, COL I/III ratio in the lipid extract-treated group at day 14 was much higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, analysis of the data also indicated that the LF has less positive effects on all evaluated parameters than PRP. From the present data, it could be concluded that the peptide-free LF of PRP has potent wound healing capacity in vivo for cutaneous wounds, although not as much as that of PRP. Strengthening our understanding of the wound healing potential of lipid components of PRP and platelet-derived lipid factors may provide new avenues for improving the healing process of a wound with elevated protease activity. İstanbul Üniversitesi

Theaim of this study was to determine the fungi causing disease in strawberryareas in Antalya province. In the study, 28 strawberry greenhouses from 8districts were visited. Surveys were performed at two periods; first, two weeksafter transplanting, and second one at the beginning of harvest period. In thegreenhouses, samples were taken from the plants showing disease symptoms. As aresult of isolations, fungi belonging to 12 genera were determined. From thesoil samples, Rhizoctonia solani wasthe most common fungus with 96.43% prevalence rate and Fusarium spp. with 75% andPythium sp. with 35.71% followedit. Gliocladium roseum, Alternariaalternata, Aspergillus niger,Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer,Botrytis cinerea and Verticillium sp. were the other fungifound in soil samples with low rates. Alternariaalternata was the most common fungus with the prevalence rate of 96.43%,while Mycosphaerella fragariae followedit with 71.43% and the prevalence rate of Cladosporiumcladosporioides was 3.57% in the leaf samples. Botrytis cinerea was the most common fungus in the isolations fromthe fruit samples with 85.71% prevalence rate, and Penicillium sp. with 35.71% and Aspergillusniger with 10.71% were the other fungi isolated from the rotten fruits. Inthe pathogenicity tests, all fungi caused typical symptoms on healthy plants.According to these results, A. alternata,M. fragariae and B. cinerea were found as the most important pathogens ofstrawberries grown in Antalya, while some other soil borne pathogens like R. solani, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Verticillium spp. may also cause significant losses., Buçalışmada, Antalya ilindeki çilek ekim alanlarında hastalığa neden olan fungalpatojenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla, ilde çilek yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı 8ilçede, toplamda 28 farklı serada örnekleme yapılarak, toprak ve hastalıklıbitki örnekleri alınmıştır. Örneklerden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda 12fungus cinsi belirlenmiştir. Topraktan yapılan izolasyonlarda %96.43 ileyaygınlık oranı en yüksek fungus Rhizoctoniasolani olurken, %75 ile Fusarium spp.ve %35.71 ile Pythium sp. onuizlemiştir. Gliocladium roseum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Rhizopusstolonifer, Botrytis cinerea ve Verticillium sp. ise toprak örneklerindedüşük yaygınlık oranlarıyla bulunan diğer funguslar olmuştur. Yaprakörneklerinde Alternaria alternata%96.43 oranıyla en yaygın fungus olarak belirlenirken, %71.43 oranıyla Mycosphaerella fragariae onu izlemiş, Cladosporium cladosporioides’inyaygınlık oranı ise %3.57 olmuştur. Meyvelerden yapılan izolasyonlarda ise%85.71 oranıyla Botrytis cinerea enyaygın fungus olarak saptanmış, %35.71 ilePenicillium sp. ve %10.71 ile Aspergillusniger çürük meyvelerden izole edilen diğer funguslar olmuştur. Laboratuvarkoşullarında yürütülen patojenite denemelerinde tüm funguslar kendilerine özgübelirtileri oluşturmuşlardır. Bu sonuçlara göre; Antalya ilinde yetiştirilençileklerde A. alternata, M. fragariae ve B. cinerea en önemli patojenler olarak belirlenirken, R. solani, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp.,Verticillium spp. gibi bazı toprakkökenli patojenlerin de ciddi kayıplara neden olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

To investigate the relationships among the Infant Motor Profile (IMP), the Neuro-Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA), and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) in prematurely born infants.Sixty-one preterm infants with a birth weight under 2500 g were assessed by the IMP, the NSMDA, and the AIMS.There was a significant correlation between the IMP total score and the AIMS percentile and between the IMP total score and the NSMDA functional levels. There were significant correlations between the AIMS percentile age and the NSMDA functional levels and between the AIMS total scores and the IMP total scores. In the infants with atypical development, the relationship was significant between the AIMS and the IMP; however, there was no relationship between the IMP and the NSMDA.The 3 movement analysis tests are related. The IMP was found to be consistent with other movement analysis tests.

Background/aim: This study aimed to compare the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) as first-line treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Materials and methods: Ninety-eight patients aged 20-55 years who complained of regular heavy menstrual bleeding were enrolled in the study. The TAH group included 29 patients, the LNG-IUS group included 34, and the TLH group included 35. These groups were compared in terms of quality of life and the cost-effectiveness of the selected methods. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36), and cost-effectiveness was assessed according to the current cost of each approach. Results: The quality of life parameters, with the exception of mental health, improved significantly in the LNG-IUS, TAH, and TLH groups. The mean costs of the LNG-IUS, TAH, and TLH procedures were $99.15 ± 4.90, $538.82 ± 193.00 and $1617.05 ± 258.44, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall, LNG-IUS was the most cost-effective treatment option. Conclusion: The outcome measures of the SF-36 revealed that after 6 months, these treatments were equal in terms of quality of life, except for mental health. LNG-IUS was the most cost-effective approach.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative somatostatin analog (SRL) treatment on proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy in patients with acromegaly and to determine factors correlating with these parameters. Methods: Ex-vivo tumor samples of 11 SRL-treated and 9 SRL-untreated patients were retrospectively included in the study. Apoptotic and autophagic proteins were determined via immunohistochemical staining and apoptosis was evaluated via in situ DNA end labeling (TUNEL). Results: TUNEL, caspase-3, and ATG-5 immunopositivity was significantly increased (p0.05 for all). Preoperative SRL treatment was the only factor that had a significant effect on TUNEL positivity (adjusted R2=0.39, p=0.02). Preoperative treatment duration was positively correlated with TUNEL and caspase-3 immunopositivity (r=0.526, p=0.02; r=0.475, p=0.04, respectively) and negatively correlated with survivin immunopositivity (r=−0.533, p=0.01). Conclusions: Somatostatin analog treatment might induce apoptosis, increase autophagy, and decrease cell proliferation in GH-secreting adenomas. Also, proteins related to cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis are upregulated after SRL treatment.

We aimed to study the effect of nicotinamide (NA) on beta (β)-cell regeneration and apoptosis in streptozotocin induced neonatal rats (n-STZ). Three groups were performed: Control group, n2-STZ group (100 mg/kg STZ on the second day-after birth), n2-STZ + NA group (STZ;100 mg/kg + NA;500 mg/kg/day for 5 days). The pancreatic tissue sections were immunostained with insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, Pdx1, Notch1 and active caspase-3 antibodies, and double immunostained with insulin/PCNA, insulin/glucagon and insulin/somatostatin antibodies. In situ hybridization carried out with insulin probe. Apoptotic β-cell were shown by TUNEL assay, followed by immunostaining. The number of insulin/PCNA, insulin/glucagon and insulin/somatostatin double-positive cells significantly increased in n2-STZ + NA group compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). n2- STZ group had lower number of insulin and Pdx1 positive cells in islets, compared to NA treated diabetics. The insulin and Pdx1 immun positive cells were located in the small clusters or scattered through the exocrine tissue and around to ducts in n2-STZ + NA group. Notch1 positive cell numbers were increased, whereas caspase-3 and TUNEL positive β-cell numbers were decreased in n2-STZ + NA group. NA treatment induces the neogenic insulin positive islets orginated from the differentiation of ductal progenitor cells, transdifferentiation of acinar cells into β cells, and transformation of potent precursor cells and centroacinar cells via the activated Notch expression into β-cells in n-STZ rats.

Postmodernpazarlama yöntemlerinden olan retro pazarlama, eskiden var olan marka veürünlerin günümüzün modern üretim anlayışına uygun olacak şekilde değeryaratmak amacı ile yeniden piyasaya sürülmesi olarak tanımlanır. Marka değeri,herhangi bir markanın diğer markalardan ayırt edilebilmesini sağlayan kendinehas değerlerinin tümüdür. Marka farkındalığı marka değeri bileşenlerinden olupkısaca, bir markanın varlığından haberdar olma durumudur. Marka güveni de markadeğeri bileşenlerindendir ve bir markanın sağlayacağı getirilerden emin olmayönündeki hisler olarak tanımlanır. Farkındalık ve güven bu bağlamda retroürünlerle tüketicide yaratılmak istenen iki ana duygudur. Bu çalışmada; retropazarlama kapsamında, tüketicilerin retro marka eğilimlerinin retro markafarkındalığına ve retro marka güvenine etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla bir alanaraştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırma için Konya ilinde yaşayan 35 yaş üstübireyler tercih edilmiş ve bu bağlamda seçilen örneklem üzerinde yüz yüze anketyöntemi kullanılarak bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veriler SPSS 24 İstatistikselPaket Programı ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadanelde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında; katılımcıların demografik özellikleri veankette yer alan ifadelere verdikleri yanıtların istatistikleri, katılımcılarıneğitim ve gelir seviyesi, retro marka eğilimleri, retro marka farkındalıklarıve retro marka güvenlerinin yüksek olduğu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Bunundışında t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizlerine göre, kadınların retro markaeğilimi ve retro marka farkındalığı erkeklere göre daha yüksektir, retro markagüveni açısındansa kadın ve erkek arasında herhangi bir farklılık yoktur.Ayrıca retro marka eğilimi, retro marka farkındalığı ve retro marka güveni açısındanmedeni duruma ve yaş gruplarına göre herhangi bir farklılık yoktur. Basitdoğrusal regresyon analizine göre tüketicilerin retro marka eğilimlerinin retromarka farkındalığına ve retro marka güvenine etkisi vardır.&nbsp, Retromarketing, which is the one of the postmodern marketing activities, is definedas re-launching in accordance with today’ s modern production approach. Brandvalue is all of their unique values that make a brand different from otherbrands. Brand awareness is one of the components of brand value and is brieflyaware of the existence of a brand. Brand trust is a feeling of being sure ofthe returns of a brand. In this context awareness and trust are the two mainemotions that retro products want to leave in the consumer. A field research hasbeen completed in order to determine theeffect of the consumers retro brand trends over the retro brand awareness andretro brand trust. For the research, individuals over the age of 35 living inKonya province has been preferred and face to face survey method has been applied.Datas have been analyzed with Statical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) andresults have been evaluated. According to the demographic characteristics ofthe participants and their responses to the statements in the questionnaire;the participants’ level of education andincome, retro brand trends, retro brand awareness and retro brand trusts arehigh. According to the t-test and one-way analysis of variance, women’ sretro brand tendency and retro brand awareness are higher than men, in terms ofretro brand trust there is no difference between men and women. In addition,there is no difference between marital status and age groups in terms of retrobrand tendency, retro brand awareness and retro brand trust. According tosimple linear regression analysis, the retro-brand trends of consumers have an effecton retro brand awareness and retro brand trust.

Cervical cancer is one of the frequent types of cancer seen in females. It has been suggested that natural compounds can be used effectively for cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy related cell death play important roles in suppression of tumorigenesis. Apigenin and curcumin are natural products isolated from plant extracts known to have antitumoral, antibacterial and antiviral effects. Varying doses of curcumin and apigenin were applied to HeLa cancer cell lines. The expression of the genes related to apoptosis and/or autophagy related cell death were measured using qRT-PCR and cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Our results showed that curcumin and apigenin are effective on apoptosis and autophagy related cell death in HeLa cells. We suggested that these natural products seem to be a new promising therapeutic approach in cancer.