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Abstract This study compared the accuracy of facial landmark measurements using deep learning‐based fiducial marker (FM) and arbitrary width reference (AWR) approaches. It quantitatively analysed mandibular hard and soft tissue lateral excursions and head tilting from consumer camera footage of 37 participants. A custom deep learning system recognised facial landmarks for measuring head tilt and mandibular lateral excursions. Circular fiducial markers (FM) and inter‐zygion measurements (AWR) were validated against physical measurements using electrognathography and electronic rulers. Results showed notable differences in lower and mid‐face estimations for both FM and AWR compared to physical measurements. The study also demonstrated the comparability of both approaches in assessing lateral movement, though fiducial markers exhibited variability in mid‐face and lower face parameter assessments. Regardless of the technique applied, hard tissue movement was typically seen to be 30% less than soft tissue among the participants. Additionally, a significant number of participants consistently displayed a 5 to 10° head tilt.

Introduction: An "escape room" is a game requiring teamwork and problem-solving during which a series of puzzles are solved to escape a locked room. Various escape room activities have been designed for healthcare professionals, including internal medicine residents and nursing students (Anderson et al. Simulation & Gaming 2021; 52(1) 7-17; Rodríguez-Ferrer et al. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:901; Khanna et al. Cureus 2021; 13 (9) e18314). Escape rooms provide an opportunity for social activity, an important component of resident wellness (Mari et al. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19(1):437). This abstract describes an escape room challenge designed and implemented at our psychiatry residency program quarterly wellness afternoon event, which is an afternoon session dedicated to resident wellness. Objectives: The objective of this project was to design and implement an escape room challenge containing multiple game mechanics, including hidden roles, information asymmetry, acting, logical deduction, and spying. This activity was conducted to enhance bonding among residents while reinforcing knowledge in psychiatry. Methods: We designed and implemented an escape room for 22 residents. Residents were divided into four teams each tasked with completing a sequence of puzzles to open the final lockbox. Two novel mechanics were added to the activity. Each team had a "clue holder" with clues to help solve all the puzzles. This team member had to conceal their identity because, if any of the other teams identified this person, the original winning team would have to give up the prize to the team that guessed the identity of this person. One member of each team was assigned a "spy" role whose mission was to make it hard for the clue holder to reveal all the clues. An anonymous post-activity survey was completed using Google Forms. Results: The script was set in a fictional, abandoned psychiatric emergency room. The first task was a visual puzzle of a historic figure in psychiatry. The second activity involved residents guessing the psychotropic medication being acted out by another resident in the style of charades. The third activity required residents to apply developmental milestones to decode a combination lock. The fourth puzzle involved residents solving riddles by using information gathered from resident profiles on the residency program website. Eleven (50%) residents completed the post-game survey. All residents answered true or very true that they enjoyed the game and that participation helped them better connect with their peers. Eight (73%) residents answered true or very true that they learned something from the activity. Conclusions: An adapted escape room challenge is a novel wellness activity that enhance resident collegiality, teamwork, and bonding. All residents who completed the post-activity survey indicated that they enjoyed the activity and felt more connected to their peers afterwards. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composting is a common method for managing organic waste and creating nutrient-rich soil amendments. Recently, biochar, a carbon-rich material from biomass pyrolysis, has been noted for potentially improving composting. This study examines the impact of adding biochar to compost made from cow manure and kitchen waste through a controlled lab experiment. The treatments were labeled as CMX (cow manure), KWX (kitchen waste), and CMKWX (both) with X being the percentage of CM, KW, and CMKW minus that of biochar in the mixture. Key parameters such as temperature (T), pH, and electric conductivity (EC) were tracked during the composting processes, and the final composts were analyzed for total nitrogen (N), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total potassium (TK), organic carbon (OC), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and organic matter (OM). The results showed that adding less than 10% biochar influenced composting positively. Specifically, 5% biochar amendment led to higher thermophilic temperatures (45–57 °C) and stable pH levels (6.3–8.7) compared to controls. However, biochar did not significantly enhance EC, which peaked at 1.78 dS/m in both the control and 5% biochar treatments. Nutrient analysis revealed that biochar increased Ca2+ (13.62 meq/g) and Mg2+ (5.73 meq/g) retention in CM composts (CM85 and CM100). The highest OM content was 16.84% in CM90, while the lowest was 3.81% in CM95. Higher OM negatively affected TN, with CM treatments having more OM and KW treatments having more TN. TP and TK were higher in control treatments without biochar. This study highlights the benefits of integrating biochar with organic waste for enhancing compost nutrient profiles and soil fertility. It was observed that the more diverse the compost feedstock, i.e., CMKW, the higher the nutrient content for treatments containing less than 10% biochar.

Energy prices are usually determined by the marginal costs obtained by solving economic dispatch problems without considering commitment costs. Hence, generating units are compensated through uplift payments. However, uplift payments may undermine market transparency as they are not publicly disclosed. Alternatively, energy prices can be obtained from the unit commitment problem which considers commitment costs. But, due to non-convexity, prices may not monotonically increase with demand. To resolve this issue, convex hull pricing has been introduced. It is defined as the slope of the convex envelope of the total cost function over the convex hull of a unit commitment (UC) problem. Although several approaches have been developed, a relevant survey has not been found to aid the understanding of convex hull pricing from the current limited literature. This paper provides a systematic survey of convex hull pricing. It reviews, compares, and links various existing approaches, focusing on the modeling and computation of convex hull prices. Furthermore, this paper explores potential areas of improvement and future challenges due to the ongoing efforts for power system decarbonization.

Abstract Background The molecular content of urine is defined by filtration in the kidneys and by local release from tissues lining the urinary tract. Pathological processes and different therapies change the molecular composition of urine and a variety of markers have been analyzed in patients with bladder cancer. The response to BCG immunotherapy and chemotherapy has been extensively studied and elevated urine concentrations of IL‐1RA, IFN‐α, IFN‐γ TNF‐α, and IL‐17 have been associated with improved outcome. Methods In this study, the host response to intravesical alpha 1‐oleate treatment was characterized in patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer by proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. Results Proteomic profiling detected a significant increase in multiple cytokines in the treatment group compared to placebo. The innate immune response was strongly activated, including IL‐1RA and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the IL‐1 family (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐33), chemokines (MIP‐1α, IL‐8), and interferons (IFN‐α2, IFN‐γ). Adaptive immune mediators included IL‐12, Granzyme B, CD40, PD‐L1, and IL‐17D, suggesting broad effects of alpha 1‐oleate treatment on the tumor tissues. Conclusions The cytokine response profile in alpha 1‐oleate treated patients was similar to that reported in BCG treated patients, suggesting a significant overlap. A reduction in protein levels at the end of treatment coincided with inhibition of cancer‐related gene expression in tissue biopsies, consistent with a positive treatment effect. Thus, in addition to killing tumor cells and inducing cell detachment, alpha 1‐oleate is shown to activate a broad immune response with a protective potential.

Abstract Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent global health concern. To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and lipid parameters. Methodology: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out at Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad from October 2021 to February 2022. The study included a total of 171 participants, comprising both males and females aged 18 years or older, with vitamin D levels falling below 30 ng/ml. Participant selection employed a consecutive non-probability sampling method. Serum vitamin D levels were quantified using the COBAS method. Dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia were defined based on established clinical guidelines. Exclusion criteria encompassed individuals with specific medical conditions and those currently using medications. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Out of the 171 participants, the majority were female, constituting 129 (75.43%), while 42 (24.56%) were male. Interestingly, a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed among younger patients, with the age group of 30-39 years displaying the highest rate of vitamin D deficiency. Regarding lipid profiles, dyslipidemia was significantly more common in female patients (50.87%) compared to their male counterparts (5.26%). However, it's noteworthy that male patients exhibited higher triglyceride levels (167.21 ± 89.64 mg/dl) than females. Conclusion: This study reveals a strong relationship between vitamin D deficiency and lipid parameters.

Abstract Background: To evaluate the derangement of Liver Function Tests (LFTs) concerning statin use and probable liver injury among non-cardiac patients in light of the R ratio. Methodology: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at Sindh Government Hospital Liaquatabad (SGHL) in Karachi, including 142 non-cardiac patients. Both male and female patients, aged ≥ 18 years, continuously using statin irrespective of dose or duration, were included in the study. While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, those with alcoholic liver diseases, chronic or acute hepatitis, chronic renal failure, disorders of the thyroid or parathyroid glands, cardiovascular, endocrine and any other disease that might alter or elevate liver enzymes, recreational drug users, smokers, users of tobacco products and those patients using herbal medications were excluded from the study sample. The data regarding patients' characteristics, including demographics and clinical characteristics (LFTs result and treatment), were obtained from the hospital records and noted using a structured questionnaire. The R ratio for suspected drug-induced liver injury was calculated following the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines. The statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 22.0 Results: The enrolled patients predominantly used rosuvastatin 20 mg/day 124(87.3%), and the mean duration of statin use after the first prescription was 18.28 ± 14.33 months. The LFT levels were mildly elevated concerning statin use, and this borderline elevation did not require further investigation, nor was there any evidence of clinical liver injury. The mean R ratio was 1.81 ± 0.56; most cases presented a cholestatic picture 86(60.6%) complementing the liver safety profile of statins in patients without cardiac diseases. Conclusion: In conclusion, statins use caused only borderline clinically and statistically insignificant elevations in the LFTs over time among non-cardiac patients.

Purpose Wastes were composted and applied as the soils amendment to improve soil fertility and crop productivity. The study aimed at assessing the nutrient uptake and growth of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in soils amended with cow manure after a co-composting process. Methods Sandy loam and silt loam soils were amended with cow manure after co-composting with poplar leaf litter at 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The compost was applied to soil at the rate of 20 t ha-1 . Spinach was grown for 8 weeks and then harvested to measure plant shoot biomass. Spinach shoot samples were digested and nutrient contents in the shoots were determined. Results Co-composted manure significantly improved the growth and nutrients availability to the spinach. Dry biomass, P and K contents in spinach shoot varied among manure: leaf litter ratios: 1:01:11:21:3. Conversely, N, Zn, Fe, Cu and Cd contents in spinach shoot reduced with the manure amendment with increasing amount of leaf litter. Water extractable micro-elements in the post-harvest soils were found in the order of Zn[Fe[Cu[Cd. Co-compost amendments increased the P and K availability except N, NO3 and NH4 in the post-harvest soils. Trace elements in the post-harvest soils reduced with leaf additives in the compost. Conclusions Co-composted cow manure with leaf litter proved to be superior in terms of bioavailability of plant nutrients over the composted manure without leaf litter. This may also assist in mitigating the environmental contamination of heavy metals in the farm lands.

Dental Loop SnP represents a pioneering python-based software application tailored to analyse phonetic speech patterns in patients and research. By extracting audio from video recordings that capture patients speaking, the software applies an AI-driven text-to-speech engine to create accurate reference speech samples. These samples are further processed through automated audio segmentation and subjected to statistical and spectral phonetic analysis techniques, resulting in the generation of diverse graphical data. The software's modular design allows for easy expansion by incorporating new phonemes and keywords, rendering it a highly adaptable and customisable tool in the realms of dentistry, speech therapy and craniofacial research.

In the realm of dental practice and clinical research, the translation and analysis of facial soft tissue dynamics during jaw movement has long posed a significant challenge in terms of technique sensitivity and time efficiency. Dental Loop FLT was developed to address the issue by incorporating advanced methodologies such as Dlib and FAN together into a useable interface for real-time object detection and landmark analysis. This promising approach provides a feasible means to evaluate and assess the intricate facial landmark measurements associated with soft tissue dynamics, thus enhancing the scope of both retrospective and real-time clinical research endeavours.

In Indonesia, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on a variety of sectors. Using all available technology for disaster mitigation is critical for pandemic prevention and control. Recent studies have uncovered the advantage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drones, particularly those with rotary wings, in dealing with the pandemic. Much effort has been devoted to developing a rotary-wing drone system as a flying platform for aerial monitoring. However, several factors must be considered when visually observing a specific region, i.e., the area's size, topographic contours, locations of special interest inside the area, approach points to the area, and the observation timeframe. Since fever is a common symptom of COVID-19, human body temperature monitoring is highlighted for fever screening, with the objective of minimizing people with high body temperatures going to the crowd. A major challenge is creating a system that can provide accurate body temperature data, which is critical for fighting the pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to present a rotary wing drone application for aerial human body temperature measurements. The paper also proposed an alternative solution based on using a portable, low-cost, Forward-looking Infrared (FLIR) thermal imaging camera. The FLIR thermal camera is incorporated into the drone's electronic system. Furthermore, thermal image data are transmitted into the ground station via a radio telemetry transceiver to allow flexible surveillance by the operator. Indoor and outdoor experiments reveal that the system has been effectively installed and provide data collection for further research. The results show that the system can be used for small-scale area aerial monitoring.

IntroductionDespite recognition that health research is an imperative to progress toward universal health coverage, resources for health research are limited. Yet, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of the resources available for health research are spent on answering less relevant research questions. This misalignment is partially due to absence of locally determined health research priorities. In this study, we identified health research priorities which, if implemented, can inform local interventions required to accelerate progress toward universal health coverage in Somalia.MethodsWe adapted the child health and nutrition research initiative method for research priority setting and applied it in 4 major phases: (1) establishment of an exercise management team, (2) a web-based survey among 84 respondents to identify health research questions; (3) categorization of identified health research questions; and (4) a workshop with 42 participants to score and rank the identified health research questions. Ethical approval was received from ethics review committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Ref:26524) and the Somali Research and Development Institute (Ref: EA0143).ResultsTwo hundred and thirty-one unique health research questions were identified and categorized under health systems, services and social determinants (77), communicable diseases (54), non-communicable diseases (41) and reproductive, maternal, new-born, child, adolescent health and nutrition (59). A priority score ranging from 1 to 9 was assigned to each of the questions. For each category, a list of 10 questions with the highest priority scores was developed. Across the four categories, an overall list of 10 questions with the highest priority scores was also developed. These related to bottlenecks to accessing essential health services, use of evidence in decision making, antimicrobial resistance, distribution and risk factors for non-communicable diseases, post-traumatic stress disorder and factors associated with low antenatal care attendance among others.Conclusion and recommendationsThe developed priority research questions can be used to focus health research and to inform appropriation of health research resources to questions that contribute to generation of local health system knowledge which is required to accelerate progress toward universal health coverage in Somalia. The Somalia national institute of health should set up a consortium for provision of technical and financial support for research addressing the identified priority research questions, establish a mechanism to continuously monitor the extent to which new health interventions in Somalia are informed by knowledge generated through conducting prioritized health research and prioritize interventions aimed at strengthening the broader national health research system for Somalia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of raised serum uric acid level in females with pre-eclampsia, in predicting low birth weight. SUBJESTS & METHODS: Cross sectional study carried out at Gynecology Department, FGSH Poly Clinic, Islamabad & duration of study was 6 months from July 21, 2021 to Jan 20, 2022. A total of 225 Preeclampsia pregnant female were clinically examined and included in the study. Blood sample were collected for serum uric acid and followed till the birth of the baby. RESULTS: The study included age ranged from 18 up to 40 years. Average age was 28.69years +5.01SD. Sensitivity & specificity of uric acid level in Serum in diagnosis of low birth weight are 85.71% and 81.42% respectively while it has positive predictive & negative predictive value of 51.43% & 96.13% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of uric acid level in serum was 82.22%. CONCLUSION: Uric acid level in serum is of great diagnostic and prognostic importance in women with pre-eclampsia & helps in predicting low birth weight.

In this paper, a novel rotation and scale invariant approach for texture classification based on Gabor filters has been proposed. These filters are designed to capture the visual content of the images based on their impulse responses which are sensitive to rotation and scaling in the images. The filter responses are rearranged according to the filter exhibiting the response having largest amplitude, followed by the calculation of patterns after binarizing the responses based on a particular threshold. This threshold is obtained as the average energy of Gabor filter responses at a particular pixel. The binary patterns are converted to decimal numbers, the histograms of which are used as texture features. The proposed features are used to classify the images from two famous texture datasets: Brodatz, CUReT and UMD texture albums. Experiments show that the proposed feature extraction method performs really well when compared with several other state-of-the-art methods considered in this paper and is more robust to noise.

Abstract This paper analyses the impact of square wave pulse voltage deadtime on the partial discharge (PD) and the lifetime of turn‐to‐turn insulation. A bipolar repetitive pulse voltage with a deadtime of 0–10 μs is produced using double half‐bridge solid‐state switches having push–pull technology controlled by a field‐programmable gate array. The mechanism of the discharge process at rising and falling edges of the pulse voltage before and after deadtime is analysed in detail. The discharge amplitude and PD probability at the rising/falling edges of the voltage waveform increase as the deadtime increases from 0 to 10 μs due to the remanent charges. The number of PD and their intensity is higher at the first rising/falling edges of pulse voltage as compared to the second rising/falling edges for all deadtimes 0–10 μs. As the deadtime increases beyond 2 μs, the number of PDs increases and concentrates at a specific phase angle of rising/falling edges. These localise discharges degrade the insulation material and reduce its lifetime. This study helps to identify the inverter‐fed motor insulation faults due to deadtime. It can provide guidelines to motor insulation designers to determine the limit value of deadtime to compensate PD and ensure the safer operation of such motors.