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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sat-10.1177_11782218221111840 for The Role of Physical Activity in Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Systematic Review of Interventional and Observational Studies by Silvia Eiken Alpers, Einar Furulund, Ståle Pallesen, Asgeir Mamen, Sindre M Dyrstad and Lars Thore Fadnes in Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-sat-10.1177_11782218221111840 for The Role of Physical Activity in Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Systematic Review of Interventional and Observational Studies by Silvia Eiken Alpers, Einar Furulund, Ståle Pallesen, Asgeir Mamen, Sindre M Dyrstad and Lars Thore Fadnes in Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-sat-10.1177_11782218221111840 for The Role of Physical Activity in Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Systematic Review of Interventional and Observational Studies by Silvia Eiken Alpers, Einar Furulund, Ståle Pallesen, Asgeir Mamen, Sindre M Dyrstad and Lars Thore Fadnes in Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-sat-10.1177_11782218221111840 for The Role of Physical Activity in Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Systematic Review of Interventional and Observational Studies by Silvia Eiken Alpers, Einar Furulund, Ståle Pallesen, Asgeir Mamen, Sindre M Dyrstad and Lars Thore Fadnes in Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Additional file 1.

Einar Furulund,1– 3 Mitra Bemanian,2,3 Nina Berggren,3 Tesfaye Madebo,2,4 Sara Hydle Rivedal,3 Torgeir Gilje Lid,1,5 Lars Thore Fadnes2,3 1Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; 2Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 3Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; 5Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayCorrespondence: Einar FurulundCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, NorwayTel +4751518000Email Einar.Furulund@sus.noBackground: The role of nutrition and dietary patterns has been widely investigated in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but there are limited data on nutritional impact on COPD. This systematic review (PROSPERO-reg. no: CRD42020172712) aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional interventions on pulmonary and physical function, inflammation, and health-related quality of life among individuals with COPD.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, resulting in 3861 references. Studies focusing exclusively on inpatient-stays, underweight or obese patients were excluded. Double screening, extraction and bias assessment were conducted. Bias was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Thirteen randomized controlled trials with 916 participants were included.Results: These trials investigated effects of protein supplementation, beetroot juice, increased fruit and vegetable intake, black seed oil, Tualang honey, Chlorella vulgaris-extract, whey-peptide containing nutritional drink, and increased macronutrient intake. The durations of the interventions were from weeks to a few months, and only one with duration > 1 year (investigating increased fruit/vegetable intake). The intervention increasing fruit/vegetables found improvement in pulmonary function tests. Some interventions observed effects on systemic inflammation, health-related quality of life and physical function, although with some mixed results. Five were classified as poor, five as fair, and three as good in terms of risk of bias and quality.Conclusion: Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables over prolonged periods might have positive effects on lung function in individuals with COPD. Some nutritional interventions also observed effects on systemic inflammation, health-related quality of life, and physical function, although with some mixed results. Many of the trials were underpowered, had high dropout rates, or had a high risk of bias. Further research should investigate effect of prolonged dietary interventions.Keywords: nutrition, lung function, inflammation, physical function, health-related quality of life

Additional file 3. The Cronbach’s α if-item-deleted and Item-Total correlation for the FSS-3 and FSS-9, and these scales including the VAFS. FSS-9: Nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale; FSS-3: Three-item Fatigue Severity Scale; VAFS: Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale; No.: Number of patients. *Due to high internal consistency and almost equal Cronbach’s α of the remaining items, we deleted item 8 using clinical judgement. Item 8 could be difficult to answer if patients were affected by substances or were going through substance withdrawals. **We deleted item 9 using clinical judgement due to high internal consistency and almost equal Cronbach’s α in the remaining items and the fact that unemployment was frequently reported among patients with SUDs. Tables a) and c) show the Cronbach’s α if-item-deleted for the FSS-3 and FSS-9, and these scales including the VAFS using data from the first health assessment (baseline) (Table a) and the second health assessment (Table c). Tables b) and d) show the Item-Total correlation for the FSS-3 and FSS-9, and these scales including the VAFS using data from the first health assessment (baseline) (Table b) and the second health assessment (Table d). The values in bold represent the FSS-3’s Cronbach’s α if-item-deleted and Item-Total correlation.

Additional file 1. The number of months from baseline to the second or third measurements. No.: Number of patients; SD: Standard deviation; ref.: Reference. Tables display the number of patients with one, two, and three health assessments, including the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale measurements. The table displays the time interval between the second and third health assessments and baseline.

Additional file 2. Pen’s Parade: SCL-10 = Symptoms checklist 10; ten items scale for measuring mental health status/psychological distress. The figure shows distribution in SCL-10 mean values at baseline (n = 707) by fixed black line. The dotted lines represent the mean reported SCL-10 score of the Norwegian reference population (1.36) and standard reference of 1.85 indicating one or more mental disorders above this cut-off, respectively. Source: Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M: Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nordic journal of psychiatry 2003.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948211027817 for How the Norwegian population was affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions during the first six weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown by Silje Mæland, Ragnhild Bjørknes, Stine Lehmann, Gro Mjeldheim Sandal, William Hazell, Åsgeir Kjetland Rabben, Øystein Vedaa, Jens Christoffer Skogen and Lars Thore Fadnes in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

Additional file 2. The US-English and the Norwegian versions of the nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale. FSS-9: Nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale. All items in the FSS-9 are answered with a Likert scale from 1 to 7 where 1 indicates “strongly disagree” and 7 indicates “strongly agree”.

BAKGRUNN Forekomsten av rastløse bein er rundt 5–10 % blant voksne i den generelle befolkningen. Få studier er gjort om forekomsten blant pasienter som oppsøker fastlege. Det er også få studier om sammenheng med andre vanlige plager som irritabel tarm, kronisk utmattelse eller kronisk muskel- og ryggsmerte. MATERIALE OG METODE Studien ble gjennomført som en spørreskjemaundersøkelse ved legekontorer på Sør- og Vestlandet høsten 2017 og våren 2018, der pasienter som ventet på time hos fastlegen fortløpende ble invitert til å delta. 2 634 personer deltok (62,2 % kvinner, gjennomsnittsalder 49,6 år). Svarprosenten var 86,8. Rastløse bein ble definert basert på internasjonale kriterier. Assosiasjoner mellom rastløse bein og irritabel tarm, kronisk utmattelse og kronisk muskel- og ryggsmerte ble analysert med khikvadrattester og logistisk regresjon. RESULTATER OG FORTOLKNING Andelen pasienter med rastløse bein var 14,3 %. Blant pasientene med rastløse bein rapporterte 44,8 % at symptomene var moderate til veldig plagsomme, og 85,8 % at de ikke brukte medikamenter for dette. Andelen pasienter med rastløse bein var signifikant høyere blant pasienter med irritabel tarm (21,8 % versus 13,6 %, p = 0,009), kronisk utmattelse (18,2 % versus 13,1 %, p = 0,003) og kronisk muskel- og ryggsmerte (23,2 % versus 12,2 %, p < 0,0005). Fastleger bør være oppmerksomme på at mange pasienter har rastløse bein og at tilstanden er assosiert med andre vanlige plager. HOVEDFUNN Forekomsten av rastløse bein var 14,3 % blant pasienter som oppsøker fastlegen. Rundt halvparten av dem oppga mye og hyppige plager, men et fåtall benyttet medikamentell behandling. Rastløse bein var hyppigere blant pasienter med andre plager som irritabel tarm (justert oddsratio (OR) 1,73), kronisk utmattelse (OR 1,48) og kronisk muskel- og ryggsmerte (OR 2,06), sammenliknet med pasienter uten disse tilstandene. publishedVersion

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sjp-10.1177_1403494821993714 for Perceived consequences and worries among youth in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown by Stine Lehmann, Jens Christoffer Skogen, Ellen Haug, Silje Mæland, Lars Thore Fadnes, Gro Mjeldheim Sandal, Mari Hysing and Ragnhild Bjørknes in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

Additional file 2 Adjusted linear mixed model for the Substance Use Severity Index (SUSI) for patients with two or more SUSI measurements (N = 170). CI: Confidence Interval; OAT: Opioid Agonist Therapy; cSUSI: Mean Change in Substance Use Severity Index; SUD: Substance Use Disorder. 1) The SUSI is a continuous variable ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no substance use and 1 indicates daily substance use for all substances (cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol). 2) The value shows the difference in adjusted SUSI between “going to inpatient detoxification” and “not going to inpatient detoxification” at baseline (before detoxification). 3) Interpretation: the cSUSI per year from baseline of a constant predictor and its comparator (e.g., the cSUSI of “ongoing injecting substance use” (constant predictor) and “no ongoing inject substance use” (constant comparator) per year from baseline). 4) Interpretation: the cSUSI of a time-varying predictor and its time-varying comparator per year from baseline (e.g., the cSUSI per year of “going to inpatient detoxification” and “not going to inpatient detoxification” from baseline). The table displays a linear mixed model analysis (Restricted Maximum Likelihood regression) evaluating the impact of inpatient intoxication, injecting substance use, age, and gender on the SUSI at baseline and from baseline (over time) among patients undergoing outpatient SUD treatment with two or more substance use measurements.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Mothers’ OIDP by HIV status, socio-demographic and self-reported clinical variables. Unadjusted and adjusted OLR and negative binomial regression. Table S2. Evaluation of effects of interaction of covariates* with HIV exposure regressed with oral health impacts.

Additional file 3. STROBE Statement. Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cohort studies

Additional file 1. STROBE Statement. Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cohort studies.

Additional file 1. STROBE Statement. Checklist of items included in reports of cohort studies.

Additional file 5. Mean (SD) item scores for single items on the FSS-9 at baseline and follow-up. Legend: FSS-9: Nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale; I: Item; OAT: Opioid agonist therapy; SD: Standard Deviation. Follow-up: The FSS-9 score on the last health assessment during the study period among patients with two or more annual health assessments. Mean (SD) item scores for single items on the FSS-9 for patients using methadone or buprenorphine as OAT opioid.

Additional file 3. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Description: APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index. The figure displays the APRI score equation. The AST upper limit of normal range was defined as 45 IU/L (male) and 35 IU/L (female).