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59. Motor Simulation during Action Word Processing in Neurosurgical Patients

Author

Tomasino, Barbara, Ceschia, Martina, and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

The role that human motor areas play in linguistic processing is the subject of a stimulating debate. Data from nine neurosurgical patients with selective lesions of the precentral and postcentral sulcus could provide a direct answer as to whether motor area activation is necessary for action word processing. Action-related verbs (face-, hand-, and feet-related verbs plus neutral verbs) silently read were processed for (i) motor imagery by vividness ratings and (ii) frequency ratings. Although no stimulus- or task-dependent modulation was found in the RTs of healthy controls, patients showed a task x stimulus interaction resulting in a stimulus-dependent somatotopic pattern of RTs for the imagery task. A lesion affecting a part of the cortex that represents a body part also led to slower RTs during the creation of mental images for verbs describing actions involving that same body part. By contrast, no category-related differences were seen in the frequency judgment task. This task-related dissociation suggests that the sensorimotor area is critically involved in processing action verbs only when subjects are simulating the corresponding movement. These findings have important implications for the ongoing discussion regarding the involvement of the sensorimotor cortex in linguistic processing.

Published
2012
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61. Spontaneous Language Production in Bilingual Parkinson's Disease Patients: Evidence of Greater Phonological, Morphological and Syntactic Impairments in Native Language

Author

Zanini, Sergio, Tavano, Alessandro, and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

Nine early non-demented bilingual (L1--Friulian, L2--Italian) patients with Parkinson's disease and nine normal controls matched for age, sex and years of education were studied on a spontaneous language production task. All subjects had acquired L1 from birth in a home environment and L2 at the age of six at school formally. Patients with PD evidenced more phonological, morphological and syntactic errors in L1 than in L2. The opposite pattern was observed in normal controls as far as grammar was concerned. These findings suggest that implicit language processing is more impaired than explicit language processing in Parkinson's disease. (Contains 2 tables.)

Published
2010
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66. Assessment of Linguistic Abilities in Italian Children with Specific Language Impairment

Author

Marini, Andrea, Tavano, Alessandro, and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

This study aims to describe in detail the linguistic skills of a large group of SLI participants. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of age-related effects on their linguistic performance and to whether a linguistic assessment of a narrative task can capture language impairments that might not be adequately pointed out by standardized neuropsychological tests assessing linguistic functions. The narratives produced by 62 children diagnosed with SLI with mixed expressive-receptive disorders were compared to those provided by a group of 195 children with Typical Language Development matched for chronological age and level of formal education. Furthermore, an age-related groups' performance analysis has been performed in order to determine possible correlations between patients' ages and types of language impairment. The SLI participants produced an amount of words comparable to that produced by the control group, albeit in a simpler fashion, as their narratives were teeming with omissions and/or substitutions of bound and free morphemes. These data suggest that the domains of morphosyntax and syntax were particularly impaired. (Contains 7 tables.)

Published
2008
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68. Neurogenic Language Disorders in Children. International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics

Author

Fabbro, Franco and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

Language disorders in children are one of the most frequent causes of difficulties in communication, social interaction, learning and academic achievement. It has been estimated that over 5% of children present with some kind of language disorder. This volume illustrates the state of the art in neurogenic language disorders in children. The most recent findings about acquired epileptiform aphasias (from Landau-Kleffner syndrome to autistic regression) are presented and discussed. Language disorders in children with early brain lesions are reviewed in relation to the side of the lesion and their epileptic correlates (e.g., paroxysmal abnormalities during NREM sleep). New clinical reports are presented and a large discussion is held on language disorders due to malformation or tumor lesions localized to the Posterior Fossa. The last part of the volume reviews the state of the art on some of the most debated clinical neurolinguistic pictures of developmental age such as crossed aphasia in children, the modality and types of aphasia recovery in children and persistent acquired childhood aphasia. This volume is the fifth in a series of books commissioned by the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics and published by Elsevier Ltd. It contains the following twelve chapters: (1) Neurogenic Language Disorders in Children: An Introduction (F. Fabbro); (2) Pathophysiological Basis of Aphasia and Verbal Outcome in Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (M-N Metz-Lutz and S. Majerus); (3) Acquired Language Disorders and Epilepsy: From Landau-Kleffner Syndrome to Autistic Regression (R. Tuchman); (4) Persistent Subtle Language and Learning Deficits in a Child with Acquired Epileptiform Opercular Syndrome (P. Cipriani et al.); (5) Cerebral Language Lateralization and Early Linguistic Development in Children with Focal Brain Lesions (Anna M. Chilosi et al.); (6) Language Disorders Associated with Paroxysmal Abnormalities during NREM Sleep After Very Early Brain Lesions (F. Fabbro et al.); (7) Language and Phonological Awareness Abilities of Children Treated for Posterior Fossa Tumor (B. E. Murdoch, K. M. Docking, and E. C. Ward); (8) Language Development in Children with Cerebellar Malformations (R. Borgatti); (9) Crossed Aphasia in Children (P. Marien et al.); (10) Recognizable Spontaneous Language Characteristics in a Young Adult Twelve Years After She Became Aphasic as a Child (P. F. Paquier et al.); (11) Recovery from Aphasia After Polytrauma in a Czech Child:What Is Lost and What Is Left (Helena Leheckova); and (12) Persistent Acquired Childhood Aphasia (I. P. Martins).

Published
2004

72. Exploring Links Between Psychosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Using Multimodal Machine Learning: Dementia Praecox Revisited

Author

Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Pantelis, Christos, Kambeitz, Joseph, Toivonen, Anna, Turtonen, Otto, Botterweck, Sonja, Kluthausen, Norman, Antoch, Gerald, Caspers, Julian, Wittsack, Hans-Jörg, Blasi, Giuseppe, Pergola, Giulio, Caforio, Grazia, Salokangas, Raimo K R, Fazio, Leonardo, Quarto, Tiziana, Gelao, Barbara, Romano, Raffaella, Andriola, Ileana, Falsetti, Andrea, Barone, Marina, Passiatore, Roberta, Sangiuliano, Marina, Surmann, Marian, Hietala, Jarmo, Bienek, Olga, Dannlowski, Udo, Solana, Ana Beatriz, Abraham, Manuela, Schirmer, Timo, Ferro, Adele, Re, Marta, Sberna, Maurizio, D'Agostino, Armando, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, Bertolino, Alessandro, Perna, Giampaolo, Nobile, Maria, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Cabras, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Franco, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Maggioni, Eleonora, Squarcina, Letizia, Gritti, Davide, Brambilla, Paolo, Rossetti, Maria Gloria, Ferrari, Raffaele, Hernandez, Dena Michelle Godwin, Nalls, Michael, Rohrer, Jonathan, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Kwok, John, Dobson-Stone, Carol, Brooks, William, Schofield, Peter, Upthegrove, Rachel, Halliday, Glenda, Hodges, John, Piguet, Olivier, Bartley, Lauren, Thompson, Elizabeth, Hernández, Isabel, Ruiz, Agustín, Boada, Mercè, Borroni, Barbara, Padovani, Alessandro, Wood, Stephen J, Cruchaga, Carlos, Cairns, Nigel, Benussi, Luisa, Binetti, Giuliano, Ghidoni, Roberta, Forloni, Gianluigi, Albani, Diego, Galimberti, Daniela, Fenoglio, Chiara, Serpente, Maria, Lencer, Rebekka, Scarpini, Elio, Clarimón, Jordi, Lleó, Alberto, Blesa, Rafael, Landqvist Waldö, Maria, Nilsson, Karin, Nilsson, Christer, Mackenzie, Ian R.A., Hsiung, Ging-Yuek, Mann, David, Borgwardt, Stefan, Grafman, Jordan, Morris, Christopher, Attems, Johannes, McKeith, Ian, Thomas, Alan, Pietrini, Pietro, Huey, Edward, Wassermann, Eric, Baborie, Atik, Jaros, Evelyn, Maj, Carlo, Tierney, Michael, Pastor, Pau, Razquin, Cristina, Ortega-Cubero, Sara, Alonso, Elena, Perneczky, Robert, Alexopoulos, Panagiotis, Kurz, Alexander, Rainero, Innocenzo, Rubino, Elisa, Velakoulis, Dennis, Nöthen, Markus M., Pinessi, Lorenzo, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter, Rossi, Giacomina, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Giaccone, Giorgio, Rowe, James, Schlachetzki, Johannes, Uphill, James, Collinge, John, Degenhardt, Franziska, Mead, Simon, Van Deerlin, Vivianna, Marschhauser, Anke, Regenbrecht, Frank, Thoene-Otto, Angelika, Gordulla, Jannis, Ballarini, Tommaso, Engel, Annerose, Pino, Daniele, Leuthold, Dominique, Polyakova, Maryna, Naumann, Heike, Grossman, Murray, Trojanowski, John Q, van der Zee, Julie, Van Broeckhofen, Christine, Cappa, Stefano F, Le Ber, Isabelle, Hannequin, Didier, Golfier, Véronique, Vercelletto, Martine, Mueller, Karsten, Brice, Alexis, Nacmias, Benedetta, Sorbi, Sandro, Bagnoli, Silvia, Piaceri, Irene, Nielsen, Jørgen E, Hjermind, Lena E, Riemenschneider, Matthias, Mayhaus, Manuel, Ibach, Bernd, Villringer, Arno, Gasparoni, Gilles, Pichler, Sabrina, Gu, Wei, Rossor, Martin N, Fox, Nick C, Warren, Jason D, Spillantini, Maria Grazia, Morris, Huw R, Rizzu, Patrizia, Heutink, Peter, Danek, Adrian, Snowden, Julie S, Rollinson, Sara, Richardson, Anna, Gerhard, Alexander, Bruni, Amalia C, Maletta, Raffaele, Frangipane, Francesca, Cupidi, Chiara, Bernardi, Livia, Anfossi, Maria, Fassbender, Klaus, Gallo, Maura, Conidi, Maria Elena, Smirne, Nicoletta, Rademakers, Rosa, Baker, Matt, Dickson, Dennis W, Graff-Radford, Neill R, Petersen, Ronald C, Knopman, David S, Josephs, Keith A, Fliessbach, Klaus, Boeve, Bradley F, Parisi, Joseph E, Seeley, William W, Miller, Bruce L, Karydas, Anna M, Rosen, Howard, van Swieten, John C, Dopper, Elise Gp, Seelaar, Harro, Pijnenburg, Yolande Al, Jahn, Holger, Scheltens, Philip, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Capozzo, Rosa, Novelli, Valeria, Puca, Annibale A, Franceschi, Massimo, Postiglione, Alfredo, Milan, Graziella, Sorrentino, Paolo, Kristiansen, Mark, Kornhuber, Johannes, Chiang, Huei-Hsin, Graff, Caroline, Pasquier, Florence, Rollin, Adeline, Deramecourt, Vincent, Lebouvier, Thibaud, Kapogiannis, Dimitrios, Ferrucci, Luigi, Pickering-Brown, Stuart, Singleton, Andrew B, McGuire, Philip, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Hardy, John, Momeni, Parastoo, Barthel, Henryk, Elisa, Semler, Jolina, Lombardi, Christine, von Arnim, Felix, Oberahauser, Kai, Schumacher, Jan, Lehmbeck, Juan-Manuel, Maler, Anderl-Straub, Sarah, Tanja, Richter-Schmidinger, Anke, Hammer-Kaspereit, Timo, Oberstein, Felix, Müller-Sarnowski, Carola, Roßmeier, Albert, Ludolph, Jan, Kassubek, Anja, Schneider, Johannes, Levin, Prudlo, Johannes, Synofzik, Matthis, Wiltfang, Jens, Riedl, Lina, Diehl-Schmid, Janine, Otto, Markus, Meisenzahl, Eva, Falkai, Peter, Dwyer, Dominic B, Schroeter, Matthias L, Consortium, the PRONIA, Haas, Shalaila, Hasan, Alkomiet, Hoff, Claudius, Khanyaree, Ifrah, Melo, Aylin, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, Köhler, Yanis, Urquijo-Castro, Maria-Fernanda, Öztürk, Ömer, Penzel, Nora, Rangnick, Adrian, von Saldern, Sebastian, Spangemacher, Moritz, Tupac, Ana, Weiske, Johanna, Wosgien, Antonia, Krämer, Camilla, Blume, Karsten, Paul, Riya, Hedderich, Dennis, Julkowski, Dominika, Kaiser, Nathalie, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Milz, Ruth, Nikolaides, Alexandra, Pilgram, Tanja, Seves, Mauro, Wassen, Martina, Andreou, Christina, Dong, Sen, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Heitz, Ulrike, Lenz, Claudia, Leanza, Letizia, Mackintosh, Amatya, Smieskova, Renata, Studerus, Erich, Walter, Anna, Widmayer, Sonja, Popovic, David, Day, Chris, Lowri Griffiths, Sian, Iqbal, Mariam, Pelton, Mirabel, Mallikarjun, Pavan, Stainton, Alexandra, Lin, Ashleigh, Lalousis, Paris, Denissoff, Alexander, Ellilä, Anu, Oeztuerk, Oemer, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Päivi, Laurikainen, Heikki, Luutonen, Antti, Mäkela, Akseli, Paju, Janina, Pesonen, Henri, Säilä, Reetta-Liina, International FTD-Genetics Consortium (IFGC), German Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) Consortium, PRONIA Consortium, and International FTD-Genetics Consortium Consortium

Subjects
Adult, Male, Medizin, genetics [Alzheimer Disease], genetics [Psychotic Disorders], Neuropsychological Tests, diagnostic imaging [Frontotemporal Dementia], diagnostic imaging [Psychotic Disorders], Machine Learning, methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Alzheimer Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, pathology [Brain], genetics [Schizophrenia], ddc:610, diagnostic imaging [Brain], genetics [Frontotemporal Dementia], Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Psychiatry and Mental health, diagnostic imaging [Schizophrenia], diagnostic imaging [Alzheimer Disease]
Abstract

Weitere Nicht-UDE Autoren sind nicht genannt. Importance: The behavioral and cognitive symptoms of severe psychotic disorders overlap with those seen in dementia. However, shared brain alterations remain disputed, and their relevance for patients in at-risk disease stages has not been explored so far. Objective: To use machine learning to compare the expression of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer disease (AD), and schizophrenia; estimate predictability in patients with bvFTD and schizophrenia based on sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data; and examine prognostic value, genetic underpinnings, and progression in patients with clinical high-risk (CHR) states for psychosis or recent-onset depression (ROD). Design, Setting, and Participants: This study included 1870 individuals from 5 cohorts, including (1) patients with bvFTD (n = 108), established AD (n = 44), mild cognitive impairment or early-stage AD (n = 96), schizophrenia (n = 157), or major depression (n = 102) to derive and compare diagnostic patterns and (2) patients with CHR (n = 160) or ROD (n = 161) to test patterns' prognostic relevance and progression. Healthy individuals (n = 1042) were used for age-related and cohort-related data calibration. Data were collected from January 1996 to July 2019 and analyzed between April 2020 and April 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures: Case assignments based on diagnostic patterns; sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data; 2-year functional outcomes and genetic separability of patients with CHR and ROD with high vs low pattern expression; and pattern progression from baseline to follow-up MRI scans in patients with nonrecovery vs preserved recovery. Results: Of 1870 included patients, 902 (48.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 38.0 (19.3) years. The bvFTD pattern comprising prefrontal, insular, and limbic volume reductions was more expressed in patients with schizophrenia (65 of 157 [41.2%]) and major depression (22 of 102 [21.6%]) than the temporo-limbic AD patterns (28 of 157 [17.8%] and 3 of 102 [2.9%], respectively). bvFTD expression was predicted by high body mass index, psychomotor slowing, affective disinhibition, and paranoid ideation (R2= 0.11). The schizophrenia pattern was expressed in 92 of 108 patients (85.5%) with bvFTD and was linked to the C9orf72 variant, oligoclonal banding in the cerebrospinal fluid, cognitive impairment, and younger age (R2= 0.29). bvFTD and schizophrenia pattern expressions forecasted 2-year psychosocial impairments in patients with CHR and were predicted by polygenic risk scores for frontotemporal dementia, AD, and schizophrenia. Findings were not associated with AD or accelerated brain aging. Finally, 1-year bvFTD/schizophrenia pattern progression distinguished patients with nonrecovery from those with preserved recovery. Conclusions and Relevance: Neurobiological links may exist between bvFTD and psychosis focusing on prefrontal and salience system alterations. Further transdiagnostic investigations are needed to identify shared pathophysiological processes underlying the neuroanatomical interface between the 2 disease spectra.

Published
2022

73. Clinical, brain, and multilevel clustering in early psychosis and affective stages

Author

Dwyer, Dominic B., Buciuman, Madalina-Octavia, Ruef, Anne, Kambeitz, Joseph, Sen Dong, Mark, Stinson, Caedyn, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana, Degenhardt, Franziska, Sanfelici, Rachele, Antonucci, Linda A., Lalousis, Paris Alexandros, Wenzel, Julian, Urquijo-Castro, Maria Fernanda, Popovic, David, Oeztuerk, Oemer Faruk, Haas, Shalaila S., Weiske, Johanna, Hauke, Daniel, Neufang, Susanne, Schmidt-Kraepelin, Christian, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Penzel, Nora, Lichtenstein, Theresa, Rosen, Marlene, Chisholm, Katharine, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Egloff, Laura, Schmidt, André, Andreou, Christina, Hietala, Jarmo, Schirmer, Timo, Romer, Georg, Michel, Chantal, Rössler, Wulf, Maj, Carlo, Borisov, Oleg, Krawitz, Peter M., Falkai, Peter, Pantelis, Christos, Lencer, Rebekka, Bertolino, Alessandro, Borgwardt, Stefan, Noethen, Markus, Brambilla, Paolo, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Meisenzahl, Eva, Wood, Stephen J., Davatzikos, Christos, Upthegrove, Rachel, Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Mackintosh, Amatya, Kaiser, Nathalie, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Seves, Mauro, Chisholm, Katie, Reniers, Renate, Stainton, Alexandra, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Päivi, Laurikainen, Heikki, Tuominen, Lauri, Luutonen, Sinikka, Paju, Janina, Tikka, Maria, Armio (Säilä), Reetta-Liina, Toivonen, Anna, Walta, Maija, Fabbro, Franco, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Garzitto, Marco, Cabras, Giuseppe, Piccin, Sara, Castellani, Umberto, Bellani, Marcella, Maieron, Marta, Girometti, Rossano, Zuiani, Chiara, Skafidas, Stan, Velakoulis, Dennis, Everall, Ian, Merritt, Antonia, Jovicevic, Michael, Plicht, Manuel, Bequé, Dirk, Solana Sánchez, Ana Beatriz, Hehn, Nicolas, Herrmann, Katrin, Burke, Michael X., Fernandez, Brice, Altamura, Carlo, Rango, Mario, Ferro, Adele, Belleri, Marika, Maggioni, Eleonora, Squarcina, Letizia, Re, Marta, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Meneghelli, Anna, Monzani, Emiliano, Sassi, Roberto, Sberna, Maurizio, Gennari, Luciana, Torremante, Patrizia, Surmann, Marian, Dannlowski, Udo, Bienek, Olga, Blasi, Giuseppe, Pergola, Giulio, Quarto, Tiziana, Andriola, Ileana, Romano, Raffaella, Gelao, Barbara, Fazio, Leonardo, Korda, Alexandra, Rohner, Henrik, Mann, Matthias, Geyer, Phillip, Treit, Peter, Müller, Johannes, Frackowiak, Richard, Wasserman, Danuta, Maier, Wolfgang, Binder, Elisabeth, Woopen, Christiane, Spranger, Tade Matthias, Möhrmann, Karl-Heinz, and PRONIA Consortium

Subjects
Adult, Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Medizin, Brain, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Original Investigation
Abstract

Importance Approaches are needed to stratify individuals in early psychosis stages beyond positive symptom severity to investigate specificity related to affective and normative variation and to validate solutions with premorbid, longitudinal, and genetic risk measures. Objective To use machine learning techniques to cluster, compare, and combine subgroup solutions using clinical and brain structural imaging data from early psychosis and depression stages. Design, Setting, and Participants A multisite, naturalistic, longitudinal cohort study (10 sites in 5 European countries; including major follow-up intervals at 9 and 18 months) with a referred patient sample of those with clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), recent-onset psychosis (ROP), recent-onset depression (ROD), and healthy controls were recruited between February 1, 2014, to July 1, 2019. Data were analyzed between January 2020 and January 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures A nonnegative matrix factorization technique separately decomposed clinical (287 variables) and parcellated brain structural volume (204 gray, white, and cerebrospinal fluid regions) data across CHR-P, ROP, ROD, and healthy controls study groups. Stability criteria determined cluster number using nested cross-validation. Validation targets were compared across subgroup solutions (premorbid, longitudinal, and schizophrenia polygenic risk scores). Multiclass supervised machine learning produced a transferable solution to the validation sample. Results There were a total of 749 individuals in the discovery group and 610 individuals in the validation group. Individuals included those with CHR-P (n = 287), ROP (n = 323), ROD (n = 285), and healthy controls (n = 464), The mean (SD) age was 25.1 (5.9) years, and 702 (51.7%) were female. A clinical 4-dimensional solution separated individuals based on positive symptoms, negative symptoms, depression, and functioning, demonstrating associations with all validation targets. Brain clustering revealed a subgroup with distributed brain volume reductions associated with negative symptoms, reduced performance IQ, and increased schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Multilevel results distinguished between normative and illness-related brain differences. Subgroup results were largely validated in the external sample. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this longitudinal cohort study provide stratifications beyond the expression of positive symptoms that cut across illness stages and diagnoses. Clinical results suggest the importance of negative symptoms, depression, and functioning. Brain results suggest substantial overlap across illness stages and normative variation, which may highlight a vulnerability signature independent from specific presentations. Premorbid, longitudinal, and genetic risk validation suggested clinical importance of the subgroups to preventive treatments.

Published
2022

74. Nonparallel Recovery of Languages in a Quadrilingual Aphasic Patient.

Author

Filiputti, Dario, Tavano, Alessandro, Vorano, Lorenza, De Luca, Guido, and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

Investigates whether the treatment of only one language of a multilingual fluent aphasic results in a parallel improvement of all languages, and whether the hypothesized benefits of rehabilitation last 4 years after the end of treatment. The resulting recovery pattern is non parallel, with a significant improvement of the language of treatment and a significant decrease in the native language between the second and third assessments. (Author/VWL)

Published
2002

81. Verbal Memory during Simultaneous Interpretation: Effects of Phonological Interference.

Author

Daro, Valeria and Fabbro, Franco

Abstract

In a group of advanced student interpreters, recall of short stories after simultaneous interpretation from their first (L1) into their second (L2) language, and vice versa, was significantly worse than recall of similar stories after listening. Memory span for digits presented in L1 and L2 was significantly poorer following simultaneous interpretation than after listening, shadowing, or listening with articulatory suppression. (51 references) (MDM)

Published
1994

82. An Italian Perspective on Learning Disabilities.

Author

Fabbro, Franco and Masutto, Cristina

Abstract

This article considers sociocultural and linguistic aspects of children with learning disabilities in one region of Italy, noting the role of bilingualism and "standard" Italian language learning problems. The article examines legislative aspects; the roles of the school, hospitals, public services, and private institutes; and parental concerns. Specific needs are identified. (Author/DB)

Published
1994

83. Neuropsychological profile in high functioning autism spectrum disorders

Author

Narzisi, Antonio, Muratori, Filippo, Calderoni, Sara, Fabbro, Franco, and Urgesi, Cosimo

Subjects
Perceptual-motor learning -- Research, Pervasive developmental disorders -- Psychological aspects, Psychological research, Neuropsychology -- Research, Health
Abstract

A comprehensive investigation of the neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses of children with autism may help to better describe their cognitive abilities and to design appropriate interventions. To this end we compared the NEPSY-II profiles of 22 children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD) with those of 44 healthy control (HC) children 2:1 matched by gender, age, race and education. Results showed that only Visuospatial Processing was relatively spared in HFASD, while deficits were observed in Attention and Executive Functions, Language, Learning and Memory, and Sensorimotor Processing. Theory of Mind difficulties were observed in verbal tasks but not in the understanding of emotional contexts, suggesting that appropriate contextual cues might help emotion understanding in HFASD children. These widespread neuropsychological impairments reflect alterations in multiple cognitive domains in HFASD. Keywords Autism spectrum disorders * NEPSY * Neuropsychology * Theory of Mind, Introduction Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exhibit core impairments in the socio-communication domain and have restricted or stereotyped patterns of behaviors. However ASD vary greatly in the severity of [...]

Published
2013
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84. Emotional resonance deficits in autistic children

Author

Grecucci, Alessandro, Brambilla, Paolo, Siugzdaite, Roma, Londero, Danielle, Fabbro, Franco, and Rumiati, Raffaella Ida

Subjects
Emotions -- Research, Autistic children -- Psychological aspects -- Behavior -- Prognosis, Health
Abstract

According to some theories imitation, defined as an action resonance mechanism, is deficient in autism. In contrast, other theories (e.g., the 'top down control of imitation' hypothesis) state that the problem is not in imitation per se but in the way social cues modulate imitative responses. In this study, 15 high-functioning children with autism and 15 matched controls were tested for their ability to imitate finger movements preceded by neutral and emotional facial expressions (primes) in a stimulus-response compatibility task. Hand movements performed after neutral expressions did not differ between the two groups (i.e., they both showed a normal imitative tendency). However, hand movements performed after emotional expressions significantly differed between the two populations, with controls, but not autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), showing enhanced imitation in the emotional condition. This study supports the view that, in ASD, imitation abilities are spared but they are not modulated according to the emotional and social context. Keywords Imitation * Action resonance * Empathy * Emotions * Mirror neurons, The imitation difficulties of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proposed to be the core deficit of this pathology (Avikainen et al. 2003; Rogers et al. 2003; Williams [...]

Published
2013
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86. Brain Anatomical Mediators of GRIN2B Gene Association with Attention/Hyperactivity Problems: An Integrated Genetic-Neuroimaging Study

Author

Nobile, Maria, primary, Maggioni, Eleonora, additional, Mauri, Maddalena, additional, Garzitto, Marco, additional, Piccin, Sara, additional, Bonivento, Carolina, additional, Giorda, Roberto, additional, Girometti, Rossano, additional, Tomasino, Barbara, additional, Molteni, Massimo, additional, Fabbro, Franco, additional, and Brambilla, Paolo, additional

Published
2021
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89. Association between age of cannabis initiation and gray matter covariance networks in recent onset psychosis

Author

Penzel, Nora, Antonucci, Linda A., Betz, Linda T., Sanfelici, Rachele, Weiske, Johanna, Pogarell, Oliver, Cumming, Paul, Quednow, Boris B., Howes, Oliver, Falkai, Peter, Upthegrove, Rachel, Bertolino, Alessandro, Borgwardt, Stefan, Brambilla, Paolo, Lencer, Rebekka, Meisenzahl, Eva, Rosen, Marlene, Haidl, Theresa, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Salokangas, Raimo R.K., Pantelis, Christos, Wood, Stephen J., Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Kambeitz, Joseph, Sen Dong, Mark, Erkens, Anne, Gussmann, Eva, Haas, Shalaila, Hasan, Alkomiet, Hoff, Claudius, Khanyaree, Ifrah, Melo, Aylin, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, Kohler, Janis, Ozturk, Omer Faruk, Popovic, David, Rangnick, Adrian, von Saldern, Sebastian, Spangemacher, Moritz, Tupac, Ana, Urquijo, Maria Fernanda, Wosgien, Antonia, Blume, Karsten, Seves, Mauro, Kaiser, Nathalie, Pilgram, Tanja, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Wenzel, Julian, Woopen, Christiane, Andreou, Christina, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Lenz, Claudia, Leanza, Letizia, Mackintosh, Amatya, Smieskova, Renata, Studerus, Erich, Walter, Anna, Widmayer, Sonja, Chisholm, Katharine, Day, Chris, Griffiths, Sian Lowri, Iqbal, Mariam, Pelton, Mirabel, Mallikarjun, Pavan, Stainton, Alexandra, Lin, Ashleigh, Denissoff, Alexander, Ellila, Anu, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Paivi, Laurikainen, Heikki, Lehtinen, Maarit, Luutonen, Antti, Makela, Akseli, Paju, Janina, Pesonen, Henri, Armio (Saila), Reetta Liina, Sormunen, Elina, Toivonen, Anna, Turtonen, Otto, Solana, Ana Beatriz, Abraham, Manuela, Hehn, Nicolas, Schirmer, Timo, Altamura, Carlo, Belleri, Marika, Bottinelli, Francesca, Ferro, Adele, Re, Marta, Monzani, Emiliano, Percudani, Mauro, Sberna, Maurizio, D’Agostino, Armando, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, Perna, Giampaolo, Nobile, Maria, Alciati, Alessandra, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Cabras, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Franco, Garzitto, Marco, Piccin, Sara, Blasi, Giuseppe, Pergola, Giulio, Caforio, Grazia, Faio, Leonardo, Quarto, Tiziana, Gelao, Barbara, Romano, Raffaella, Andriola, Ileana, Falsetti, Andrea, Barone, Marina, Passatiore, Roberta, Sangiuliano, Marina, Surman, Marian, Bienek, Olga, Romer, Georg, Dannlowski, Udo, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Schmidt-Kraepelin, Christian, Neufang, Susanne, Korda, Alexandra, Rohner, Henrik, other, and, Penzel, Nora, Antonucci, Linda A., Betz, Linda T., Sanfelici, Rachele, Weiske, Johanna, Pogarell, Oliver, Cumming, Paul, Quednow, Boris B., Howes, Oliver, Falkai, Peter, Upthegrove, Rachel, Bertolino, Alessandro, Borgwardt, Stefan, Brambilla, Paolo, Lencer, Rebekka, Meisenzahl, Eva, Rosen, Marlene, Haidl, Theresa, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Salokangas, Raimo R.K., Pantelis, Christos, Wood, Stephen J., Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Kambeitz, Joseph, Sen Dong, Mark, Erkens, Anne, Gussmann, Eva, Haas, Shalaila, Hasan, Alkomiet, Hoff, Claudius, Khanyaree, Ifrah, Melo, Aylin, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, Kohler, Janis, Ozturk, Omer Faruk, Popovic, David, Rangnick, Adrian, von Saldern, Sebastian, Spangemacher, Moritz, Tupac, Ana, Urquijo, Maria Fernanda, Wosgien, Antonia, Blume, Karsten, Seves, Mauro, Kaiser, Nathalie, Pilgram, Tanja, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Wenzel, Julian, Woopen, Christiane, Andreou, Christina, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Lenz, Claudia, Leanza, Letizia, Mackintosh, Amatya, Smieskova, Renata, Studerus, Erich, Walter, Anna, Widmayer, Sonja, Chisholm, Katharine, Day, Chris, Griffiths, Sian Lowri, Iqbal, Mariam, Pelton, Mirabel, Mallikarjun, Pavan, Stainton, Alexandra, Lin, Ashleigh, Denissoff, Alexander, Ellila, Anu, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Paivi, Laurikainen, Heikki, Lehtinen, Maarit, Luutonen, Antti, Makela, Akseli, Paju, Janina, Pesonen, Henri, Armio (Saila), Reetta Liina, Sormunen, Elina, Toivonen, Anna, Turtonen, Otto, Solana, Ana Beatriz, Abraham, Manuela, Hehn, Nicolas, Schirmer, Timo, Altamura, Carlo, Belleri, Marika, Bottinelli, Francesca, Ferro, Adele, Re, Marta, Monzani, Emiliano, Percudani, Mauro, Sberna, Maurizio, D’Agostino, Armando, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, Perna, Giampaolo, Nobile, Maria, Alciati, Alessandra, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Cabras, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Franco, Garzitto, Marco, Piccin, Sara, Blasi, Giuseppe, Pergola, Giulio, Caforio, Grazia, Faio, Leonardo, Quarto, Tiziana, Gelao, Barbara, Romano, Raffaella, Andriola, Ileana, Falsetti, Andrea, Barone, Marina, Passatiore, Roberta, Sangiuliano, Marina, Surman, Marian, Bienek, Olga, Romer, Georg, Dannlowski, Udo, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Schmidt-Kraepelin, Christian, Neufang, Susanne, Korda, Alexandra, Rohner, Henrik, and other, and

Abstract

Cannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. According to a current hypothesis, this results from detrimental effects of early cannabis use on brain maturation during this vulnerable period. However, studies investigating the interaction between early cannabis use and brain structural alterations hitherto reported inconclusive findings. We investigated effects of age of cannabis initiation on psychosis using data from the multicentric Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) and the Cannabis Induced Psychosis (CIP) studies, yielding a total sample of 102 clinically-relevant cannabis users with recent onset psychosis. GM covariance underlies shared maturational processes. Therefore, we performed source-based morphometry analysis with spatial constraints on structural brain networks showing significant alterations in schizophrenia in a previous multisite study, thus testing associations of these networks with the age of cannabis initiation and with confounding factors. Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more severe positive symptoms in our cohort. Greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the previously identified cerebellar schizophrenia-related network had a significant association with early cannabis use, independent of several possibly confounding factors. Moreover, GMV in the cerebellar network was associated with lower volume in another network previously associated with schizophrenia, comprising the insula, superior temporal, and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are in line with previous investigations in healthy cannabis users, and suggest that early initiation of cannabis perturbs the developmental trajectory of certain structural brain networks in a manner imparting risk for psychosis later in life.

Published
2021

95. Clinical application of mindfulness-oriented meditation in children with ADHD: a preliminary study on sleep and behavioral problems.

Author

Zaccari, Vittoria, Santonastaso, Ornella, Mandolesi, Laura, De Crescenzo, Franco, Foti, Francesca, Crescentini, Cristiano, Fabbro, Franco, Vicari, Stefano, Curcio, Giuseppe, and Menghini, 0000-0002-3459-2601Deny

Subjects
TREATMENT of behavior disorders in children, SLEEP disorders treatment, MINDFULNESS, MEDITATION, ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder, TREATMENT effectiveness, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHILDREN
Abstract

High incidence of sleep problems in children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described. Mindfulness meditation has emerged as a novel approach to sleep disturbances and insomnia remediation. This preliminary study tested the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation (MOM) training on sleep quality and behavioral problems in children with ADHD. Twenty-five children with ADHD aged 7-11 years underwent two programs three times per week for eight-weeks: the MOM training (15 children) and an Active Control Condition (10 children). Objective and subjective measures of sleep quality and behavioral measures were collected before and after the programs. Positive effects on sleep and behavioral measures were found only in the MOM group. Although they are preliminary, our results indicate that MOM training is a promising tool for ameliorating sleep quality and behavioral manifestations in ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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98. Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults - Results of the PRONIA-study

Author

Haidl, Theresa Katharina, Schneider, Nicole, Dickmann, Kim, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Kaiser, Nathalie, Rosen, Marlene, Seves, Mauro, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Upthegrove, Rachel, Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Pantelis, Christos, Meisenzahl, Eva, Wood, Stephen J., Brambilla, Paolo, Borgwardt, Stefan, Rebekka, Lencer, Kambeitz, Joseph, Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Betz, Linda, Erkens, Anne, Gussmann, Eva, Haas, Shalaila, Hasan, Alkomiet, Hoff, Claudius, Khanya-ree, Ifrah, Melo, Aylin, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, Koehler, Janis, Oeztuerk, Oemer, Penzel, Nora, Popovic, David, Rangnick, Adrian, von Saldern, Sebastian, Sanfelici, Rachele, Spangemacher, Moritz, Tupac, Ana, Urquijo, Maria Fernanda, Weiske, Johanna, Wosgien, Antonia, Hedderich, Dennis, Blume, Karsten, Woopen, Christiane, Andreou, Christina, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Lenz, Claudia, Leanza, Letizia, Mackin-tosh, Amatya, Smieskova, Renata, Studerus, Erich, Walter, Anna, Widmayer, Sonja, Day, Chris, Griffiths, Sian Lowri, Iqbal, Mariam, Pelton, Mirabel, Mallikarjun, Pavan, Stainton, Alexandra, Lin, Ashleigh, Denissoff, Alexander, Ellilae, Anu, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Paivi, Lauri-kainen, Heikki, Luutonen, Antti, Makela, Akseli, Paju, Janina, Pesonen, Henri, Armio, Reetta-Liina, Toivonen, Anna, Turtonen, Otto, Solana, Ana Beatriz, Abraham, Manuela, Hehn, Nicolas, Schirmer, Timo, Altamura, Carlo, Belleri, Marika, Bottinelli, Francesca, Ferro, Adele, Re, Marta, Monzani, Emiliano, Percudani, Mauro, Sberna, Maurizio, D'Agostino, Armando, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, Perna, Giampaolo, Nobile, Maria, Alciati, Alessandra, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Cabras, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Franco, Garzitto, Marco, Piccin, Sara, Haidl, Theresa Katharina, Schneider, Nicole, Dickmann, Kim, Ruhrmann, Stephan, Kaiser, Nathalie, Rosen, Marlene, Seves, Mauro, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, Upthegrove, Rachel, Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Pantelis, Christos, Meisenzahl, Eva, Wood, Stephen J., Brambilla, Paolo, Borgwardt, Stefan, Rebekka, Lencer, Kambeitz, Joseph, Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Betz, Linda, Erkens, Anne, Gussmann, Eva, Haas, Shalaila, Hasan, Alkomiet, Hoff, Claudius, Khanya-ree, Ifrah, Melo, Aylin, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, Koehler, Janis, Oeztuerk, Oemer, Penzel, Nora, Popovic, David, Rangnick, Adrian, von Saldern, Sebastian, Sanfelici, Rachele, Spangemacher, Moritz, Tupac, Ana, Urquijo, Maria Fernanda, Weiske, Johanna, Wosgien, Antonia, Hedderich, Dennis, Blume, Karsten, Woopen, Christiane, Andreou, Christina, Egloff, Laura, Harrisberger, Fabienne, Lenz, Claudia, Leanza, Letizia, Mackin-tosh, Amatya, Smieskova, Renata, Studerus, Erich, Walter, Anna, Widmayer, Sonja, Day, Chris, Griffiths, Sian Lowri, Iqbal, Mariam, Pelton, Mirabel, Mallikarjun, Pavan, Stainton, Alexandra, Lin, Ashleigh, Denissoff, Alexander, Ellilae, Anu, From, Tiina, Heinimaa, Markus, Ilonen, Tuula, Jalo, Paivi, Lauri-kainen, Heikki, Luutonen, Antti, Makela, Akseli, Paju, Janina, Pesonen, Henri, Armio, Reetta-Liina, Toivonen, Anna, Turtonen, Otto, Solana, Ana Beatriz, Abraham, Manuela, Hehn, Nicolas, Schirmer, Timo, Altamura, Carlo, Belleri, Marika, Bottinelli, Francesca, Ferro, Adele, Re, Marta, Monzani, Emiliano, Percudani, Mauro, Sberna, Maurizio, D'Agostino, Armando, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, Perna, Giampaolo, Nobile, Maria, Alciati, Alessandra, Balestrieri, Matteo, Bonivento, Carolina, Cabras, Giuseppe, Fabbro, Franco, Garzitto, Marco, and Piccin, Sara

Abstract

Background: Bullying as a specific subtype of adverse life events is a major risk factor for poor mental health. Although many questionnaires on bullying are available, so far none covers bullying retrospectively throughout school and working life. To close this gap, the Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA) was designed. Methods: Based on data of 622 participants from five European countries collected in the prospective multicenter Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) study, we investigated whether the BSA is a reliable and valid measurement for bullying and whether there is a difference across different diagnostic groups of early mental disorders (recent onset depressive/psychotic patients, patients at clinical high-risk of psychosis) and healthy controls. Results: Bullying experiences were significantly less frequent in healthy controls than in patient groups, with no significant differences between the three clinical groups. The BSA exhibited a high item scale discrimination (r > .3) and very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .93). Four factors were identified: 1. Sexual harassment, 2. Emotional Abuse, 3. Physical Abuse, 4. Problems at school. The highly significant correlation between bullying, and childhood adversities and trauma (r = .645, p < .001) indicated good concurrent validity. Discussion: The BSA is the first validated questionnaire that, in retrospective, reliably records various aspects of bullying (incl. its consequences) not only throughout childhood but also working life. It can be used to assess bullying as a transdiagnostic risk factor of mental disorders in different mental disorders, esp. psychosis and depression.

Published
2020

100. Traces of Trauma: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Childhood Trauma, Brain Structure, and Clinical Phenotypes

Author

Popovic, David, primary, Ruef, Anne, additional, Dwyer, Dominic B., additional, Antonucci, Linda A., additional, Eder, Julia, additional, Sanfelici, Rachele, additional, Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana, additional, Oztuerk, Omer Faruk, additional, Dong, Mark S., additional, Paul, Riya, additional, Paolini, Marco, additional, Hedderich, Dennis, additional, Haidl, Theresa, additional, Kambeitz, Joseph, additional, Ruhrmann, Stephan, additional, Chisholm, Katharine, additional, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, additional, Falkai, Peter, additional, Pergola, Giulio, additional, Blasi, Giuseppe, additional, Bertolino, Alessandro, additional, Lencer, Rebekka, additional, Dannlowski, Udo, additional, Upthegrove, Rachel, additional, Salokangas, Raimo K.R., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Meisenzahl, Eva, additional, Wood, Stephen J., additional, Brambilla, Paolo, additional, Borgwardt, Stefan, additional, Koutsouleris, Nikolaos, additional, Dong, Mark Sen, additional, Erkens, Anne, additional, Gussmann, Eva, additional, Haas, Shalaila, additional, Hasan, Alkomiet, additional, Hoff, Claudius, additional, Khanyaree, Ifrah, additional, Melo, Aylin, additional, Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, Susanna, additional, Köhler, Janis, additional, Öztürk, Ömer Faruk, additional, Penzel, Nora, additional, Rangnick, Adrian, additional, von Saldern, Sebastian, additional, Spangemacher, Moritz, additional, Tupac, Ana, additional, Urquijo, Maria Fernanda, additional, Weiske, Johanna, additional, Wenzel, Julian, additional, Wosgien, Antonia, additional, Betz, Linda, additional, Blume, Karsten, additional, Seves, Mauro, additional, Kaiser, Nathalie, additional, Lichtenstein, Thorsten, additional, Woopen, Christiane, additional, Andreou, Christina, additional, Egloff, Laura, additional, Harrisberger, Fabienne, additional, Lenz, Claudia, additional, Leanza, Letizia, additional, Mackintosh, Amatya, additional, Smieskova, Renata, additional, Studerus, Erich, additional, Walter, Anna, additional, Widmayer, Sonja, additional, Day, Chris, additional, Griffiths, Sian Lowri, additional, Iqbal, Mariam, additional, Pelton, Mirabel, additional, Mallikarjun, Pavan, additional, Stainton, Alexandra, additional, Lin, Ashleigh, additional, Denissoff, Alexander, additional, Ellilä, Anu, additional, From, Tiina, additional, Heinimaa, Markus, additional, Ilonen, Tuula, additional, Jalo, Päivi, additional, Laurikainen, Heikki, additional, Lehtinen, Maarit, additional, Luutonen, Antti, additional, Mäkela, Akseli, additional, Paju, Janina, additional, Pesonen, Henri, additional, Armio (Säilä, Reetta-Liina, additional, Sormunen, Elina, additional, Toivonen, Anna, additional, Turtonen, Otto, additional, Solana, Ana Beatriz, additional, Abraham, Manuela, additional, Hehn, Nicolas, additional, Schirmer, Timo, additional, Altamura, Carlo, additional, Belleri, Marika, additional, Bottinelli, Francesca, additional, Ferro, Adele, additional, Re, Marta, additional, Monzani, Emiliano, additional, Percudani, Mauro, additional, Sberna, Maurizio, additional, D’Agostino, Armando, additional, Del Fabro, Lorenzo, additional, Perna, Giampaolo, additional, Nobile, Maria, additional, Alciati, Alessandra, additional, Balestrieri, Matteo, additional, Bonivento, Carolina, additional, Cabras, Giuseppe, additional, Fabbro, Franco, additional, Garzitto, Marco, additional, and Piccin, Sara, additional

Published
2020
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