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Aim: To explore the priorities of women mothering children in the context of intimate partner violence and to understand what shapes those priorities. Design: A qualitative study using interpretive description, informed by Feminist Intersectionality adhering to the COREQ guidelines. Methods: Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Data Sources: Dialogic, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a community sample of 20 adult Canadian women who were mothering dependent children (under 18 years) in the context of recent intimate partner violence from a current or former partner. Results: Women's main priorities focused on their own and their children's well‐being and creating stability related to housing and finances. Three themes identified: it's all about the kids; my safety...totally disregarded; and I have to take care of him. Multiple external factors (coercive control, structural inequities, assumptions about mothering) shape priorities and the tensions arising from competing priorities women felt compelled to address simultaneously. Conclusion: Priorities of women mothering in the context of intimate partner violence are complex, shaped not only by what they want but by the limited options available to them given constraints such as income, employment, housing and service responses. Coercive control, structural inequities and assumptions about mothering are important factors influencing mothers' priorities and experiences. Better understanding mothers' priorities can support better tailored policies, services and nursing practice. Implications for Nursing: Structural inequities that negatively impact health and well‐being by limiting access to resources and the supports needed to enhance health can be better recognized and addressed through a trauma and violence informed care approach. Impact: This study addressed understanding the priorities of women mothering in the context of intimate partner violence. This research will impact women mothering in the context of intimate partner violence who receive care from nurses and other providers as well as those who provide care. Reporting Method: This study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines (the COREQ checklist). No Patient or Public Contribution: The women who took part in the interviews for this study did not participate in the study design, analysis or manuscript preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology, Internet of Things technology has become a hot topic in today's society. This study aims to explore how IoT technology impacts various aspects of financial management, in particular how it changes the collection, processing, and parsing of financial data. Through in-depth literature review, questionnaire survey and experimental design, the research found that IoT technology has a significant positive effect on sales, transaction times and inventory control. But at the same time, data security, privacy concerns and initial technology investment are also challenges that enterprises need to consider when adopting these technologies. Overall, IoT technology offers tremendous opportunities for financial management, but businesses must fully assess the potential risks and benefits when implementing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore financial strategies that intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors undertake when engaging in safety planning and to examine the relationship between these strategies and various survivor characteristics. As part of the cross-sectional study, a total of 425 female survivors of IPV were surveyed. To examine the relationship between financial safety planning strategies and participants' demographic characteristics, abuse experiences, and financial knowledge, binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Factors associated with financial safety planning varied by strategy; ethnicity and nativity were often significantly associated. Implications for practice and areas for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anesthesiology has a relevant carbon footprint, mainly due to volatile anesthetics (scope 1 emissions). Additionally, energy used in the operating theater (scope 2 emissions) contributes to anesthesia-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Objectives: Optimizing the electricity use of medical devices might reduce both GHG emissions and costs might hold potential to reduce anaesthesia-related GHG-emissions and costs. We analyzed the electricity consumption of six different anesthesia workstations, calculated their GHG emissions and electricity costs and investigated the potential to reduce emissions and cost by using the devices in a more efficient way. Methods: Power consumption (active power in watt , W) was measured with the devices off, in standby mode, or fully on with the measuring instrument SecuLife ST. Devices studied were: Dräger Primus, Löwenstein Medical LeonPlus, Getinge Flow C, Getinge Flow E, GE Carestation 750 and GE Aisys. Calculations of GHG emissions were made with different emission factors, ranging from very low (0.09 kg CO2-equivalent/kWh) to very high (0.660 kg CO2-equivalent/kWh). Calculations of electricity cost were made assuming a price of 0.25 € per kWh. Results: Power consumption during operation varied from 58 W (GE CareStation 750) to 136 W (Dräger Primus). In standby, the devices consumed between 88% and 93% of the electricity needed during use. The annual electricity consumption to run 96 devices in a large clinical department ranges between 45 and 105 Megawatt-hours (MWh) when the devices are left in standby during off hours. If 80% of the devices are switched off during off hours, between 20 and 46 MWh can be saved per year in a single institution. At the average emission factor of our hospital, this electricity saving corresponds to a reduction of GHG emissions between 8.5 and 19.8 tons CO2-equivalent. At the assumed prices, a cost reduction between 5000 € and 11,600 € could be achieved by this intervention. Conclusion: The power consumption varies considerably between the different types of anesthesia workstations. All devices exhibit a high electricity consumption in standby mode. Avoiding standby mode during off hours can save energy and thus GHG emissions and cost. The reductions in GHG emissions and electricity cost that can be achieved with this intervention in a large anesthesiology department are modest. Compared with GHG emissions generated by volatile anesthetics, particularly desflurane, optimization of electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations holds a much smaller potential to reduce the carbon footprint of anesthesia; however, as switching off anesthesia workstations overnight is relatively effortless, this behavioral change should be encouraged from both an ecological and economical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of finding out the truth is one of the fundamental principles of the criminal process. Within it, the reactions of the individual who harm the values protected by criminal norms are analyzed, aiming to guarantee the rights of the parties and other participants, as well as the efficient exercise of the duties of the judicial bodies. Although the purpose of criminal proceedings is no longer effectively enshrined in the Code of Criminal Procedure, the notion is nevertheless found in Article 8 of the Code of Criminal Procedure under the title "Fairness and reasonable term of criminal proceedings". It stipulates that criminal prosecution and trial must be conducted in compliance with procedural guarantees and the rights of parties and procedural subjects in such a way that facts constituting criminal offences are ascertained in a timely and complete manner, no innocent person is held criminally responsible and any individual who has committed a crime is punished according to law, within a reasonable time. According to Article 97 para. (1) Code of Criminal Procedure, evidence is those realities, events, circumstances that serve to establish the existence or non-existence of a crime, as well as to the identity of the person who committed it. Thus, evidence comprises three interconnected and interdependent elements: evidence, means of proof and evidentiary procedures. The literature states that by introducing this system, "a more effective control over the manner of taking evidence can be established. Moreover, the analysis of the evidence will be possible only in terms of form, so that it complies with the law, while the analysis of the evidentiary procedures will concern the technical operation by which that means of evidence was obtained." The use of technical supervision as an evidentiary procedure in criminal proceedings is a topical topic, given the technological leap in communication and information that has taken place in recent years. We note that in the title dedicated to evidence (Title IV) of the New Code of Criminal Procedure we find a new chapter (Chapter IV), which refers to special surveillance or investigation techniques. This legislation seeks to strike a balance between ensuring the State's right to use new evidentiary procedures and respecting the right to privacy and the secrecy of correspondence. Thus, Article 138 para. (1) The Code of Criminal Procedure expressly and exhaustively provides for special technical surveillance techniques, as follows: letter (a) interception of conversations and communications; lit.(b) access to an information system; lit.(c) video, audio or photographic surveillance; (d) tracking or tracing by technical means; lit.(e) obtaining data on a person's financial transactions. Interception is defined as the intervention of authorized bodies in any kind of conversations or in any other electronic means of communication involving the idea of confidentiality. The results of the technical surveillance activity are recorded in the report, which will thus become a genuine means of evidence, being concluded in accordance with the provisions of Article 143 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Also, Articles 139-146 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provide for the cases that allow such restrictive measures against human rights and freedoms to be taken, the conditions to be met, the bodies authorized to carry out these activities, as well as the ways of verifying these means of evidence. Obtaining evidence by means of these special evidentiary procedures requires a carefully organized activity consisting in tracking the data subjects, the activities they carry out, the individuals with whom they come into contact, as well as the interception of any communication dip between them. This type of evidence was appreciated as a real modernization of the evidentiary system in criminal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was to find out the role of the control and internal auditing department in dealing with financial errors and the reasons for and type of such errors. The opinions of a group of staff of the control and internal auditing department of the University of Kerbala were taken. The findings of the researcher through the research sample responses showed that the Internal Audit Section has a significant role to play in detecting and processing financial errors that occur at work at all stages of the accounting cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of evidence points to persistent health inequities within racialized minority communities, and the effects of racial discrimination on health outcomes and health care experiences. While much work has considered how anti-Black racism operates at the interpersonal and institutional levels, limited attention has focused on internalized racism and its consequences for health care. This study explores patients' attitudes towards anti-Black racism in a Canadian health care system, with a particular focus on internalized racism in primary health care. This qualitative study employed purposive maximal variation and snowball sampling to recruit and interview self-identified Black persons aged 18 years and older who: (1) lived in Montréal during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) could speak English or French, and (3) were registered with the Québec health insurance program. Adopting a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews took place from October 2021 to July 2022. Following transcription, data were analyzed thematically. Thirty-two participants were interviewed spanning an age range from 22 years to 79 years (mean: 42 years). Fifty-nine percent of the sample identified as women, 38% identified as men, and 3% identified as non-binary. Diversity was also reflected in terms of immigration experience, financial situation, and educational attainment. We identified three major themes that describe mechanisms through which internalized racism may manifest in health care to impact experiences: (1) the internalization of anti-Black racism by Black providers and patients, (2) the expression of anti-Black prejudice and discrimination by non-Black racialized minority providers, and (3) an insensitivity towards racial discrimination. Our study suggests that multiple levels of racism, including internalized racism, must be addressed in efforts to promote health and health care equity among racialized minority groups, and particularly within Black communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article synthesizes the evidence on what have been called innovative domestic financing mechanisms for health (i.e. any domestic revenue-raising mechanism allowing governments to diversify away from traditional approaches such as general taxation, value-added tax, user fees or any type of health insurance) aimed at increasing fiscal space for health in African countries. The article seeks to answer the following questions: What types of domestic innovative financial mechanisms have been used to finance health care across Africa? How much additional revenue have these innovative financing mechanisms raised? Has the revenue raised through these mechanisms been, or was it meant to be, earmarked for health? What is known about the policy process associated with their design and implementation? Methods: A systematic review of the published and grey literature was conducted. The review focused on identifying articles providing quantitative information about the additional financial resources generated through innovative domestic financing mechanisms for health care in Africa, and/or qualitative information about the policy process associated with the design or effective implementation of these financing mechanisms. Results: The search led to an initial list of 4035 articles. Ultimately, 15 studies were selected for narrative analysis. A wide range of study methods were identified, from literature reviews to qualitative and quantitative analysis and case studies. The financing mechanisms implemented or planned for were varied, the most common being taxes on mobile phones, alcohol and money transfers. Few articles documented the revenue that could be raised through these mechanisms. For those that did, the revenue projected to be raised was relatively low, ranging from 0.01% of GDP for alcohol tax alone to 0.49% of GDP if multiple levies were applied. In any case, virtually none of the mechanisms have apparently been implemented. The articles revealed that, prior to implementation, the political acceptability, the readiness of institutions to adapt to the proposed reform and the potential distortionary impact these reforms may have on the targeted industry all require careful consideration. From a design perspective, the fundamental question of earmarking proved complex both politically and administratively, with very few mechanisms actually earmarked, thus questioning whether they could effectively fill part of the health-financing gap. Finally, ensuring that these mechanisms supported the underlying equity objectives of universal health coverage was recognized as important. Conclusions: Additional research is needed to understand better the potential of innovative domestic revenue generating mechanisms to fill the financing gap for health in Africa and diversify away from more traditional financing approaches. Whilst their revenue potential in absolute terms seems limited, they could represent an avenue for broader tax reforms in support of health. This will require sustained dialogue between Ministries of Health and Ministries of Finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that drug shortages should be addressed as crises that exacerbate already compromised US health care infrastructure. Clinicians, especially pharmacists, can help limit threats that shortages pose to patients. For example, pharmacists can canvass procurement options, consolidate inventory, and prepare medications to prevent need for some clinical interventions. This article describes how pharmacists' preparation and training equip them to help clinical teams navigate shortages by equitably rationing limited medicines, suggesting appropriate therapeutic alternatives, modifying drug administration routes, or delaying interventions. Pharmacists' roles can be key, since good management of supplies during drug shortages can mitigate risk of worse-than-usual clinical outcomes, mitigate risk of medication errors, and reduce some financial burdens on the overall health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is crucial for economic and social development, with rural producers playing a vital role in sustaining life. Various types of rural organizations exist, fostering diverse objectives among producers. Over the past fifty years, significant transformations have occurred in Brazil's agriculture, with farmers facing the challenge of producing more and better with less. This study aims to identify factors influencing the decision-making of rural producers. It employed a Systematic Literature Review to extract factors divided into four dimensions: technology, learning, market, and governance. These dimensions interfere with the decision-making process and are considered decisive for the success or failure of any rural producer. The primary outcome underscores the significance of understanding how to produce and all aspects encompassing the administrative and financial management of rural properties. Enhancing managerial capabilities is essential for rural producers. Faced with the implications of technological advances, rural producers must behave appropriately to manage their activities and property to remain and grow stronger in an increasingly competitive market, where efficiency and effectiveness are essential for survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financialization of the U.S. economy has had important implications for household well-being, but the mechanisms connecting financialization and precarity have not been fully identified. This research identifies mortgage foreclosure as a nexus connecting macro-level financialization to an array of downstream consequences for homeowners and asks (1) how mortgage securitization, a key technology of financialization, enabled new foreclosure practices; and (2) how these practices affect housing precarity among homeowners at risk of foreclosure. To answer these questions, I analyze court records, interviews with key participants, and primary source documents to examine the evolution of mortgage foreclosure in Cook County, Illinois, from 1992 to 2006. I find that as mortgage securitization transformed the social and economic relations between borrowers and lenders, foreclosure became actively managed as both a driver of costs and a source of profits, and loan administrators and their attorneys worked to reduce costly borrower protections. These changes increased housing precarity by making foreclosure more frequent and more rapid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to most climate mitigation scenario assessments, limiting global warming to 1.5–2°C in the long run will not be possible without the extensive deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. CDR is required for drawing down and achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by mid-century. Thereafter, CO2 removals will likely need to exceed residual CO2 emissions, resulting in net negative emissions. A policy framework based on 'carbon removal obligations' (CROs) has been proposed to respond to concerns about the financial and fiscal viability, the lack of incentives for CDR uptake, as well as the physical and technological risks associated with any climate mitigation scenario that relies on large scale CDR. Here we propose an updated and improved CRO policy framework, consisting of two core elements: the 'principal CRO mechanism' obliges emitters of a tonne of CO2 to remove a tonne of CO2 at the time of maturity of the CRO. On top of this obligation, CRO holders need to pay a fee for the temporary storage of CO2 in the atmosphere. This 'CRO pricing instrument' is used by regulators to steer the carbon emissions and removals pathways independently. Our update suggests that markets for CDR under the CRO framework should operate independently from markets for emission reductions. We propose a blueprint for legal implementation where CROs are integrated akin to private financial borrowing and debt mechanisms. By aligning CROs with established financial systems, we leverage familiar institutional roles, seamlessly integrating climate mitigation into the core economy. The proposal applies the polluter pays principle to the costs of carbon removal from the atmosphere, whilst providing legal guarantees that the removals will materialize. By placing climate change mitigation pricing levers in the hands of the traditional managers of financial stability, that is, central banks, better account is taken of the externality of carbon emissions as part of core economic and financial management, with the corollary that climate change mitigation response management is better integrated into the economic mainstream. Establishing a standard for the creation of removal units by CDR projects facilitates a more efficient market by reducing transaction costs and enhancing price discovery. Early action by government to put in place legislative measures indicating the direction of policy, and a timetable for introducing CROs, would enhance private sector confidence and engagement in the CDR project sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine self-report of financial leverage, conflict, and satisfaction pertaining to representative payeeship for persons with mental illness, which research has not examined in the past decade. Sixty representative payee recipients with mental illness residing across the U.S. completed an online survey, with most (n = 50) receiving representative payeeship by family members/friends. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman correlations were computed. One-third of participants reported experiencing financial leverage and conflict "sometimes" or more often and were dissatisfied with their representative payee arrangement. With the exception of use of alcohol and/or drugs, no participant characteristic was associated with financial leverage, conflict, or satisfaction. Financial leverage was reported to be greater when representative payees were family members/friends. Financial leverage and conflict were positively associated with each other and negatively associated with satisfaction. It is advisable that satisfaction with representative payeeship be increased and conflict resulting from representative payeeship be minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal anaemia is a major public health problem. Developing maternal anaemia prevention and control policies is an important prerequisite for carrying out evidence‐based interventions. This article reviews maternal anaemia prevention and control policies in China, identifies gaps, and provides references for other countries. We examined policies concerning maternal nutrition and other related literature in China, identified through key databases and government websites, and conducted a narrative review of the relevant documentations guided by the Smith Policy‐Implementing‐Process framework. A total of 65 articles and documents were identified for analysis. We found that Chinese government has committed to reducing maternal anaemia at the policy level, with established objectives and a clear time frame. However, most of policies were not accompanied by operational guidelines, standardized interventions, and vigorous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and 85% of the policies don't have quantifiable objectives on anaemia. Maternal anaemia prevention and control services offered in clinical settings were primarily nutrition education and anaemia screening. Population‐based interventions such as iron fortification have yet to be scaled up. Furthermore, medical insurance schemes in some regions do not cover anaemia prevention and treatment, and in other regions that offer coverage, the reimbursement rate is low. The number and capacity of health professionals is also limited. Policy changes should focus on the integration of evidence‐based interventions into routine antenatal care services and public health service packages, standardization of dosages and provision of iron supplementation, streamline of reimbursement for outpatient expenses, and capacity building of health professionals. Key messages: The Government of China has established targets with a clear time frame for maternal anaemia prevention and control and identified several interventions at the national level.There are still gaps in policy‐binding forces, prevention strategies, reimbursement regulations of medical insurance schemes, and human resource.Policy changes should focus on the integration of evidence‐based interventions into routine antenatal care services and public health service packages, standardization of dosages and provision of iron supplementation, streamline of reimbursement for outpatient expenses, and capacity building of health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent fisheries management approach by Mauritania recommends that Total Allowable Catch (TAC) quotas, identified as essential for maintaining fish stocks, be shared (allocated) among fishing fleets operating in Mauritanian waters. However, the efficiency of such management regulations is debated. This issue can be identified as the typical dilemma between distant-fishing countries and coastal countries. We developed a theoretical model to determine how to allocate TAC quotas between the fishing fleets of Mauritania (RIM) and the European Union (EU). We discuss the various procedures and conditions for optimizing the allocation of fishing quotas (by country) in context of the Nash equilibrium. We found that both equilibria are characterized by strategic interactions of the exploitation that influence both the supply of TAC quotas available on the market and the cost of externalities due to RIM's dependence on financial compensation by the EU and available TAC quotas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examined the level of financial literacy among university students in Ghana (N = 3932), and investigated which factors are linked with the different financial literacy components. This article is motivated by the increased drive toward financial inclusion and the critical role of financial knowledge in an increasingly sophisticated financial world. The framework used, assesses students' knowledge in money management, savings and borrowing, investments, and insurance. The research findings show moderate knowledge in savings and borrowing but low level of knowledge in other finance issues among university students. Notably, the findings reveal that gender, work experience, subject of study, and mother's level of education are all important determinants of financial knowledge among the students. The findings further show that students with relatively high financial knowledge are more likely to have sound judgment on financial issues; make the right financial decisions and have sound personal financial management practices. Based on the findings of the study, a national policy on financial literacy and educational programs are urgently needed as intervention to improve the level of financial knowledge of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers play a crucial role in providing health and social supports to their family and friends. Older adults who take on caregiving roles are themselves uniquely vulnerable to negative health and financial effects due to their age and underlying health risks. Many caregivers do not receive adequate support – either formally or informally – exacerbating the strains of providing care. Racial and ethnic minority caregivers may be less likely to report receiving support in their role and face additional challenges. We describe these caregivers over 65 and the burdens they face. We recommend community health workers, direct compensation, and normalization of respite care to support these essential care workers in their role and as they age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent living (IL) skills can assist youth in and aging out of foster care transition to adulthood. Research consistently documents that youth aging out of foster care are resilient, yet often face challenges developing self-sufficiency. Using National Youth Transition Database (NYTD) data for Florida, this study examined receipt of IL services and outcomes for youth at ages 17 and 19. Results showed most youth did not receive IL services across several domains. Many youth experienced homelessness, incarceration, and substance abuse referrals after leaving care. Findings suggest that child welfare professionals should ensure that youth receive IL services while in foster care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty and economic insecurity are driving forces in entering sex work among women in low resource areas. This increases their risk for HIV by influencing the decision-making process for high-risk behaviors. Few studies have examined the financial behaviors and capacities of women engaged in sex work (WESW). This paper describes the methodology used in a financial diary study aimed at characterizing women's spending patterns within a larger prevention intervention trial among WESW in Uganda. From June 2019 to March 2020, a subsample of 150 women randomized to the combination HIV prevention and economic empowerment treatment was asked to complete financial diaries to monitor daily expenditures in real time. Two hundred and forty financial diaries were distributed to study participants during the financial literacy sessions at eight sites. A total of 26,919 expense entries were recorded over 6 months. Sex-work-related expenses comprised approximately 20.01% of the total. The process of obtaining quality and consistent data was challenging due to the transient and stigmatized nature of sex work coupled with women's varying levels of education. Frequent check-ins, using peer support, code word or visuals, and a shorter time frame would allow for a more accurate collection of high-frequency data. Moreover, the ability of women to complete the financial diaries despite numerous challenges speaks to their potential value as a data collection tool, and also as an organizing tool for finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the economy's general situation, many households are now financially vulnerable. It is like a vicious cycle: once a household is caught, it will remain in the trap until and unless it competently manages its finances. These problems experienced by households have drawn attention to social capital. Self-help groups (SHGs) originated in India to pull out low-income households from poverty and are now recognized as social capital, which can be defined as the action of a group cooperating to enhance all its members' benefits. This article aims to explain how SHGs have contributed to reducing various factors or determinants of household financial vulnerability through a review of several other publications, theses, newspaper articles, and reports. It was discovered that SHGs now provide much more benefits than just alleviating poverty. They have helped to reduce bad loans or non-performing assets, reduced the dependence on informal sources of finance, made households more resilient toward crises such as COVID-19, and enabled households to save money and manage their finances accurately. Organizing themselves into SHGs is the only way for rural households to overcome financial difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To examine and clarify the concept financial health literacy (FHL) within the context of aging and healthcare. Background. Older adults have a high chronic disease burden and low financial and health literacy levels which often leads to high healthcare costs and poor self-management. Clarification of the concept FHL is necessary to better support nursing care and successful self-management. Design. Concept analysis using literary synthesis. Data Sources. Electronic databases were used to find scientific literature (i.e., PubMed, CINAHL, and Business Source Complete), and online dictionaries were used to find basic definitions. Review Methods. Walker and Avant's eight-step method was used as a guide to construct a concept analysis of FHL. Clinical, aging, financial, and economic studies were reviewed to determine defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of FHL on the older adult's health. Results. FHL is defined as the knowledge, skills, and ability to make decisions that allow an individual to manage finances to optimally meet healthcare-related and household expenses, including resources to self-manage health, and plan for short-term, long-term, and end-of-life healthcare. Personal context, opportunity, and access are antecedents to FHL. There are 3 defining attributes: knowledge about health and financial-related concepts, skills in health and financial planning, and healthcare and financial-related decision-making behaviors. The 4 consequences of FHL include effective healthcare utilization, effective cost management, effective self-management, and positive health outcomes. Conclusions. FHL is a complex, multidimensional concept. A better understanding of this concept has significant nursing implications for research, clinical, practice, education, and policy development. Older adults have unique health and financial needs due to the complexity of retirement, living on a fixed income, and self-management of chronic diseases. Development of a FHL assessment tool and intervention is needed and may be supported based on the results of this concept analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of a financial scarcity mindset has raised much attention as an explanation for poor decision-making and dysfunctional behavior. It has been suggested that financial scarcity could also impair dietary behavior, through a decline in self-control. Underlying cognitive mechanisms of tunneling (directing attention to financial issues and neglecting other demands), cognitive load (a tax on mental bandwidth interfering with executive functioning) and time orientation (a shift towards a present time horizon, versus a future time horizon) may explain the association between financial scarcity and self-control related dietary behavior. The current scoping review gathers recent evidence on how these mechanisms affect dietary behavior of people experiencing financial scarcity. It builds on a theoretical framework based on insights from behavioral economics and health psychology. Methods: A literature search was executed in six online databases, which resulted in 9.975 papers. Search terms were tunneling, cognitive load and time orientation, financial scarcity, and dietary behavior. Screening was performed with ASReview, an AI-ranking tool. In total, 14 papers were included in the scoping review. We used PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting. Results: Limited evidence indicates that a scarcity mindset could increase tunneling, through attentional narrowing on costs of food, which then directly impacts dietary behavior. A scarcity mindset involves experiencing financial stress, which can be understood as cognitive load. Cognitive load decreases attentional capacity, which could impair self-control in dietary choices. Financial scarcity is related to a present time orientation, which affects dietary choices by shifting priorities and decreasing motivation for healthy dietary behavior. Conclusions: A scarcity mindset affects dietary behavior in different ways. Tunneling and a shift in time orientation are indicative of an attentional redirection, which can be seen as more adaptive to the situation. These may be processes indirectly affecting self-control capacity. Cognitive load could decrease self-control capacity needed for healthy dietary behavior because it consumes mental bandwidth. How a changing time orientation when experiencing financial scarcity relates to motivation for self-control in dietary behavior is a promising theme for further inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of high-priced potential cures has sparked significant health policy discussions in South Korea, where the healthcare system is funded through a single-payer National Health Insurance model. We conducted focus group interviews (FGIs) and accompanying surveys with diverse stakeholders to comprehensively understand related issues and find better solutions to the challenges brought by these technologies. Methods: From October to November 2022, 11 FGIs were conducted with stakeholders from various sectors, including government payers, policy and clinical experts, civic and patient organisations, and the pharmaceutical industry, involving a total of 25 participants. These qualitative discussions were supplemented by online surveys to effectively capture and synthesise stakeholder perspectives. Results: Affordability was identified as a critical concern by 84% of stakeholders, followed by clinical uncertainty (76%) and limited value for money (72%). Stakeholders expressed a preference for both financial-based controls and outcome-based pricing strategies to mitigate these challenges. Despite the support for outcome-based refunds, payers raised concerns about the feasibility of instalment payment models, whether linked to outcomes or not, due to the specific challenges of the Korean reimbursement system and the potential risk of 'cumulative liabilities' from ongoing payments for previously administered treatments. In addition, the FGIs highlighted the need for clear budgetary limits for drugs with high uncertainties, with mixed opinions on the creation of special silo funds (64.0% agreement). Less than half (48%) endorsed the use of external reference pricing, currently applied to such essential drugs in South Korea. A significant majority (84%), predominantly non-pharma stakeholders, advocated for addressing cost-effectiveness uncertainty through re-assessment once long-term clinical data become available. Conclusions: This study uncovers a broad agreement among stakeholders on the need for more effective value assessment methodologies for high-priced potential cures, stressing the importance of more robust and comprehensive re-assessment supported by long-term data collection, rather than primarily relying on external reference pricing. Each type of stakeholders exhibited a cautious approach to their specific uncertainties, suggesting that new funding strategies should accommodate these uncertainties with predefined guidelines and agreements prior to the initiation of managed entry agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illicit drug markets have long been associated with violence as a mode of regulating market behavior, especially regarding debts linked to drug purchase. While a growing literature examines violent and nonviolent modes of ensuring repayment by dealers and lenders, little research has focused on strategies of buyers and borrowers in navigating drug debt. Drawing on interviews with 75 people who use drugs within a materially disadvantaged neighborhood, we explore experiences in managing debt to dealers and within social networks adjacent to drug markets. Findings describe complex strategies to protect reputation, foster relationships with dealers, and employ cooperative, assertive, or coercive tactics to negotiate credit arrangements that sustain and stabilize the drug market while mitigating violent retaliation for unpaid debt. Findings also elucidate informal credit arrangements within social networks, identifying reciprocity and self-control as constitutive of social capital within friendship groups that serve as financial and social safety nets. This research considers socially embedded, boundedly rational decisions of marginalized drug market actors, highlighting diverse financial management practices among structurally vulnerable borrowers that serve economic and social goals while seeking to mitigate the risk of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojna (AB-PMJAY) as a financial risk protection scheme intends to reduce catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), especially among poor. The current study was carried out to assess the utility of AB-PMJAY in terms of reduction in CHE from before and after admission in a tertiary hospital in the northern state of India. Methodology: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out from August 2020 to October 2021 at a public tertiary hospital of Himachal Pradesh, India. Data were collected from surgery- and medicine-allied (SA and MA) specialties. Along with socio-demographic details, information for total monthly family expenditure (TMFE), out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), and indirect illness-related expenditure (IIE) was recorded before and after hospital admission. CHE was considered as more than 10.0% OOPE of THFE and more than 40.0% of capacity to pay (CTP). Results: A total of 336 participants with a mean age of 46 years were recruited (MA: 54.6%). The majority (-93.0%) of participants had illness of fewer than 6 months. The mean TMFE was observed to be INR 4213.1 (standard deviation: 2483.7) and found to be similar across specialties. The OOPE share of TMFE declined from 76.1% (before admission) to 30.0% (after admission). Before admission, CHE was found among 65.5% (10.0% of THFE) and 54.2% (40.0% of CTP) participants. It reduced to about 29.0% (based on both THE and CTP) after admission to hospital. Conclusion: AB-PMJAY scheme found to be useful in reducing CHE in a tertiary hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)--collectively owned human-machine systems deployed on a blockchain that self-govern through smart contracts and the voluntary contributions of autonomous community members--exhibit the potential to facilitate collective action in managing digital commons. Yet the promise of decentralization and collective action is difficult to sustain. To this end, this paper critically examines the transformational potential of DAOs in the case of decentralized finance. Using a polycentric governance lens, we contribute to the literature on technology-enabled forms of organizing with a model explaining the transformational potential of DAOs to facilitate collective action in digital commons. Our study highlights that (1) DAOs are a new form of organizing enabled by blockchain technology in which individuals are free to pursue their objectives within a general system of rules enforced by smart contracts, (2) collective action for managing digital commons can be sustained through a set of three mechanisms--sustained participation, collective direction, and scaled organizing, and (3) DAOs tend to strike a balance between centralized and fully decentralized or community-based governance by implementing a polycentric governance system involving a combination of human and machine agency that creates skin in the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the dynamic field of fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence (AI) in financial analysis from 1990 to 2023. Utilizing the bibliometrix package in RStudio and data from the Web of Science, we focused on identifying mathematical models and the evolving role of fuzzy information granulation in this domain. The research addresses the urgent need to understand the development and impact of fuzzy logic and AI within the broader scope of evolving technological and analytical methodologies, particularly concentrating on their application in financial and banking contexts. The bibliometric analysis involved an extensive review of the literature published during this period. We examined key metrics such as the annual growth rate, international collaboration, and average citations per document, which highlighted the field's expansion and collaborative nature. The results revealed a significant annual growth rate of 19.54%, international collaboration of 21.16%, and an average citation per document of 25.52. Major journals such as IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, the Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, and Information Sciences emerged as significant contributors, aligning with Bradford's Law's Zone 1. Notably, post-2020, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems showed a substantial increase in publications. A significant finding was the high citation rate of seminal research on fuzzy information granulation, emphasizing its mathematical importance and practical relevance in financial analysis. Keywords like "design", "model", "algorithm", "optimization", "stabilization", and terms such as "fuzzy logic controller", "adaptive fuzzy controller", and "fuzzy logic approach" were prevalent. The Countries' Collaboration World Map indicated a strong pattern of global interconnections, suggesting a robust framework of international collaboration. Our study highlights the escalating influence of fuzzy logic and AI in financial analysis, marked by a growth in research outputs and global collaborations. It underscores the crucial role of fuzzy information granulation as a mathematical model and sets the stage for further investigation into how fuzzy logic and AI-driven models are transforming financial and banking analysis practices worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the contextual factors related to financial capability and financial well-being for adults living with acquired brain injury (ABI). We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using photovoice and included 17 adults who live with ABI in Manitoba, Canada. Over 3-to-5 weeks, participants took photos of their financial capability (i.e. knowledge, skills, and behaviors related to managing finances) or their financial well-being (i.e. subjective and objective financial outcomes). Participants were interviewed about their photos. Five researchers iteratively and thematically analyzed interview transcripts. Analysis identified the importance of the economic, social, technology, and physical or sensory context. Subthemes related to: (i) hard times finding financial resources; (ii) processes not making sense; (iii) getting help from the right person; and (iv) invisible disability bias and stigma. There is decreased literature about financial capability or financial well-being after ABI. The results of this study highlight the salience of finance to living with ABI and the importance of the context to addressing financial-related life participation for people living with ABI. Information about contextual factors related to finance can improve rehabilitation assessment and intervention practice as well as emphasize needed accessibility changes to financial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that international standards in the field of health care and medical services are central to the field of world principles of functioning and development of medical law. The aim of the article is to conduct research on the peculiarities of international standards in the field of health care and medical services, as well as to study the prospects of their implementation in Ukraine. Leading research methods are general and special research methods, including methods of logic, analysis, comparison. The results of this study are to outline recommendations for the use of international standards in the field of health care and medical services in Ukraine and to summarize the legal framework on this issue. The significance of the results is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future changes in current legislation of Ukraine on the functioning of the health care system and implementation of world practices in health care. Within the framework of this study, systematized the main international and European documents that reflect the main international standards in the field of health care and medical services and ratified in Ukraine and have a direct impact on the legal framework for this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity is a prominent social determinant of health. There is evidence of increasing food insecurity in high‐income countries amid inflationary pressures. Yet, we know relatively little about the strategies that people employ to manage food insecurity nor how the severity of food insecurity affects the use of these strategies. Accordingly, this study of a nonprobability convenience online panel sample of 1284 adults in Tasmania assessed food insecurity and the strategies undertaken to manage rising costs of living. Structural equation modelling of 51 financial management actions revealed five strategies: reducing food quantity and quality, reducing housing and transport costs, drawing on assets, savings and credit, reducing insurance costs and reducing discretionary expenditure. Generalised linear regression modelling demonstrated that the use of coping strategies increased significantly with each categorical increase in food insecurity for each strategy except reducing insurance costs, in which increases became significant at moderate food insecurity. Overall, the results suggest that those experiencing food insecurity are also sacrificing in other areas, which is likely to have immediate and longer‐term effects on health, social and financial wellbeing. Opportunities to mitigate these consequences, including strengthening of social safety nets, nutrition programmes and structural investment to ensure universal access to food, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review examined the effects of tax-time saving interventions that promote saving with tax refunds from relevant experimental or quasi-experimental studies of interventions aimed toward low- and moderate-income adults delivered when filing U.S. income taxes. Method: A systematic review process was used to search for published and unpublished studies from sources through September 2021. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias, and effects on savings rate and amount were synthesized using robust variance estimation. Results: This review included 14 unique studies. Five studies reporting 13 effect sizes for savings amount found a small, statistically significant effect (d = 0.06, 95% CI [0.05, 0.08]). Nine studies reporting 35 effect sizes found no statistically significant effect for savings rate (LOR = 4.11, 95% CI [0.42, 40.44]). Discussion: Results suggest some evidence that tax-time savings can be a relatively simple method for increasing the amount low- to moderate-income adults save. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's complex economic environment, individuals and households alike grapple with the challenge of financial planning. This paper introduces novel methodologies for both individual and cooperative (household) financial budgeting. We firstly propose an optimization framework for individual budget allocation, aiming to maximize savings by efficiently distributing monthly income among various expense categories. We then extend this model to households, wherein the complexity of handling multiple incomes and shared expenses is addressed. The cooperative model prioritizes not only maximized savings but also the preferences and needs of each member, fostering a harmonious financial environment, whether they are short-term needs or long-term aspirations. A notable innovation in our approach is the integration of recommendations from a large language model (LLM). Given its vast training data and potent inferential capabilities, the LLM provides initial feasible solutions to our optimization problems, acting as a guiding beacon for individuals and households unfamiliar with the nuances of financial planning. Our preliminary results indicate that the LLM-recommended solutions result in budget plans that are both economically sound, meaning that they are consistent with established financial management principles and promote fiscal resilience and stability, and aligned with the financial goals and preferences of the concerned parties. This integration of AI-driven recommendations with econometric models, as an instantiation of an extended coevolutionary (EC) theory, paves the way for a new era in financial planning, making it more accessible and effective for a wider audience, as we propose an example of a new theory in economics where human behavior can be greatly influenced by AI agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management and accountability in the activities of regional autonomy and local finance are regulated by Government Regulation Number 1 of 2022, which states that financial management at the regional level starts from the initial planning to the supervision of the regional finances. The success of performance improvement is deemed effective when it aligns with government regulations. Kabupaten Tegal is one of the regions whose capacity to self-finance governance, development, and public services is still reliant on transfers from the central and provincial governments. This is evident in the low Regional Financial Independence Ratio, which stands at 22.10%. Kabupaten Tegal has yet to fully implement fiscal decentralization, as indicated by the fluctuating fiscal decentralization ratio, which falls into the low category. To provide better public services, Kabupaten Tegal must optimize its Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the decline of the fraternity of St. George in Nottingham between 1459 and 1546. It uses the guild's accounts in conjunction with Nottingham's rich surviving documentary materials to investigate the financial management of the fraternity by its officers. It argues that the officers were adept at negotiating shifting economic conditions by switching between various revenue streams. However, this adroit management did not stem the tide of membership decline. It discusses the role of religious reform in the guild's ultimate demise. It investigates why the decline in membership started long before any moves towards state-sponsored religious reform in the 1540s. It examines the impact of key individuals upon the guild's history. It argues that, for a more nuanced view of the decline of fraternal organizations in this period, a recognition of individuals' impact upon institutions needs to be incorporated into our understanding of institutions' influences upon the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to document factors associated with a couple's decision to manage finances entirely jointly (i.e., pooled), somewhat jointly, or separately. Based on survey data from 636 married or cohabitating respondents, test results showed that married and less well-educated individuals are more likely to pool finances with their partners. Additionally, it was determined that the odds of partners pooling finances increase as the size of a household increases and when the household exhibits a positive net worth. In this study, households with two income earners were approximately 50% less likely to pool their finances compared to households with one income earner. It was further determined that those who reported agreeing on issues related to spending were more than twice as likely to pool their finances as compared to those who did not agree with their partner on issues related to spending. The findings from this study advance the marriage and family therapy literature by showing that financial integration style and financial decision-making responsibilities are separate constructs and should not be used as proxies for one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Skilled nursing facility (SNF) care has historically been influenced by systemic issues that could impact speech-language pathology (SLP) service provision. However, there has been little study specifically on factors associated with SLP service provision in SNFs. Large administrative data sets are rarely analyzed in SLP research but can be used to understand real-world SLP services. This study investigated associations between patient and facility characteristics and SLP services. Method: Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with SLP service provision in 2018 Medicare administrative data representing 833,653 beneficiaries. Results: Beneficiaries had higher odds of receiving SLP services when they had neurologic diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.32), had SLP-related functional impairments (ORs = 1.19-3.41), and received other rehabilitative services (ORs = 3.11- 3.78). Beneficiaries had lower odds of receiving SLP services when they received care from SNFs located in hospitals versus freestanding (OR = 0.45), with need for interpreter services (OR = 0.76) and with thresholding (OR = 0.68), a financially motivated practice. Direction of association varied across racial and ethnic groups and measures of location. Odds of being provided SLP services decreased with increasing communication impairment severity. Conclusions: The results suggest that clinicians are identifying patients with diagnoses most likely to warrant SLP services. However, association disparities and weakening association of service provision with increasing impairment severity have concerning clinical implications. Health services research methods can be used to further explore SLP practices in SNFs to support equitable service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful retirement adjustment requires careful planning in the lead up to this important life transition. While financial planning is routinely prioritized, evidence suggests that the social changes in retirement can be just as challenging to manage — if not more. GROUPS 4 RETIREMENT (G4R) is a new online intervention that addresses this gap by targeting the identity changes that people typically experience in retirement. This paper reports findings from two studies evaluating the acceptability and efficacy of this intervention. Study 1 (N = 89) used a pre‐post design to assess G4R and found that the intervention was positively evaluated by users and led to significant increases in their sense of thriving, perceived control, life satisfaction, anticipated retirement satisfaction, and planning intentions. Study 2 (N = 98) tested the intervention using an experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to either G4R or a financial planning control condition. Results showed that G4R was as effective as financial planning in improving most outcomes and showed a clear advantage in increasing anticipated retirement satisfaction and intentions to engage in social and activities planning. Together, these studies provide initial evidence of the value of engaging in social identity‐focused social planning to support well‐being and preparedness in the lead up to retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by one of the factors in realizing good governance as a system that has been published by the government, namely SPBE to utilize Information Technology as a means of realizing good governance. SIPD is part of SPBE which is designed as an internal local government system for financial management so that this information can provide effective benefits in decision making. The problem is that the system can run well if its users accept and understand it well. Factors that influence the increase in its use is the acceptance of each individual who becomes a user. This study aims to determine the effect of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use (perceived ease of use) of Regional Government Information Systems (SIPD) on the Application of Regional Financial Management Systems in North Minahasa Regency. The approach used is quantitative with this type of correlational research. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis technique using multiple regression. The results of this study can be concluded that the Perceived Usefulness of SIPD has a positive and significant effect on the application of the regional financial management system in North Minahasa Regency with a coefficient of determination of 53.90%. Perceived Ease of Use (perceived ease of use) SIPD has a positive and significant effect on the application of regional financial management systems in North Minahasa Regency with a coefficient of determination of 18.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most countries around the world, social workers assist financially vulnerable people, but they often do so with little or no training in finance. This article examines the development and pilot testing of a financial curriculum to be used in social work education and training in Singapore. Feedback from social workers informed development of the curriculum, which is practical and capability-based. The study covers two phases: first curriculum development, then pilot testing. Focus group methods are used to analyse the process and effectiveness of curriculum development and the initial training outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Voices from Practice note delineates institutional and non-institutional enablers of asset accumulation in Zimbabwe. It argues that in promoting asset accumulation and poverty reduction, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rely on the support of government ministries, partner NGOs, community volunteers, and community leaders. That perspective shifts and moves away from placing NGOs at the center of asset accumulation and poverty reduction efforts in communities. This article concludes that social work practice can be integral in contributing to poverty reduction when there are various stakeholders collaborating to enhance the welfare of communities at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by an intersectional feminism framework, we used three‐wave, dyadic survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1625 U.S. different‐gender newlywed couples to test three research questions. First, as balanced power is considered a key concept for relational well‐being in feminism, we examined developmental trajectories in husbands' and wives' perception of power (im)balance. Second, considering money as a major influence on power and aggression, we examined how financial behaviors relate to power (im)balance and in turn relational aggression—a type of intimate partner violence that is controlling and manipulative in nature. Third, informed by the intersectionality between gender and socioeconomic status (SES), we examined gender differences and SES disparities in the associations among financial behaviors, developmental trajectories of perception of power (im)balance, and relational aggression. Our findings demonstrate that newlywed different‐gender couples are experiencing power struggles, where two partners diminish each other's influence over time. We also found that healthy financial behaviors are associated with balanced power and, in turn, less relational aggression (especially for wives and in lower‐SES households). Taken collectively, we continue calling for efforts to facilitate money management skills and promote balanced marital power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]