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The resection of malignant osteosarcoma often results in large segmental bone defects, and the residual cells can facilitate recurrence. Consequently, the treatment of osteosarcoma is a major challenge in clinical practice. The ideal goal of treatment for osteosarcoma is to eliminate it thoroughly, and repair the resultant bone defects as well as avoid bacterial infections. Herein, we fabricated a selenium/strontium/zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (Se/Sr/Zn-HA) powder by hydrothermal method, and then employed it with polycaprolactone (PCL) as ink to construct composite scaffolds through 3D printing, and finally introduced them in bone defect repair induced by malignant osteosarcoma. The resultant composite scaffolds integrated multiple functions involving anti-tumor, osteogenic, and antibacterial potentials, mainly attributed to the anti-tumor effects of SeO 3 2- , osteogenic effects of Sr 2+ and Zn 2+ , and antibacterial effects of SeO 3 2- and Zn 2+ . In vitro studies confirmed that Se/Sr/Zn-HA leaching solution could induce apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, differentiation of MSCs, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 while showing excellent antibacterial properties. In vivo tests demonstrated that Se/Sr/Zn-HA could significantly suppress tumors after 8 days of injection, and the Se/Sr/Zn-HA-PCLs scaffold repaired femoral defects effectively after 3 months of implantation. Summarily, the Se/Sr/Zn-HA-PCLs composite scaffolds developed in this study were effective for tumor treatment, bone defect repair, and post-operative anti-infection, which provided a great potential to be a facile therapeutic material for osteosarcoma resection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph alone is sufficient to confirm hip reduction after conservative treatment or whether MRI could be alternatively performed. A total of 133 children (145 hips) were enrolled. All children were examined by anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and MRI. Three experts interpreted anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and then verified these results on MRI. For patients with inconsistent results between anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and MRI, the continuity of Shenton's line and Calve's line was recorded, and the medial clear space of bilateral hips was measured for unilateral cases. There was complete agreement between the three experts in the interpretation of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 111 (76.55%) hips; there was disagreement in the remaining 34 hips, with two experts diagnosing satisfactory reduction in 13 hips and dislocation in 21 hips. Assuming that the judgment of two or more doctors on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs was taken as the final result, 17 hips (11.72%) were misjudged. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual in-position group and the actual dislocation group in terms of the continuity of Shenton's line ( P  = 0.62) and Calve's line ( P  = 0.10) and the medial clear space of bilateral hips ( P  = 0.08). In children less than 1 year of age with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated conservatively, the use of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs alone to judge hip reduction might result in misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. MRI could be alternatively used to detect hip reduction after conservative treatment, especially when the doctor was not familiar with ultrasound in the presence of plaster., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To study the hydrophilicity and the cell biocompatibility of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) coated with a fusion protein polyhydroxyalkanoates granule binding protein (PhaP) fused with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide (PhaP-RGD)., Methods: PHBV and PHBHHx films were fabricated by solvent evaporation. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the films. PhaP-RGD fusion proteins were expressed and purified by the technology of protein engineering; PHBV and PHBHHx films were immersed in the PhaP-RGD with an amount of 3.5 mg/mL protein/per sample respectively. The hydrophilicity of the surface were detected by the contact angle measurements. Septal cartilage cells obtained from human septal cartilage were cultured in vitro. The 2nd passage chondrocytes were incubated on PHBV unmodified with PhaP-RGD in group A1, PHBV modified with PhaP-RGD in group A2, PHBHHx unmodified with PhaP-RGD in group Bl, PHBHHx modified with PhaP-RGD in group B2, and on the cell culture plates in group C. After cultured for 3 days, the proliferation of cells was detected by the DAPI staining; the proliferation viability of cells was detected by the MTT assay after cultured for 3 and 7 days; after cultured for 7 days, the adhesion and morphology of the cells on the surface of the biomaterial films were observed by SEM and the matrix of the cells was detected through the toluidine blue staining., Results: SEM observation showed that PHBV and PHBHHx films had porous structures. The contact angle of the surface of the PHBV and PHBHHx films modified with PhaP-RGD fusion proteins were significantly reduced when compared with the films unmodified with PhaP-RGD fusion proteins (P < 0.05). Chondrocytes of human nasal septal cartilage incubated on the films could grow in all groups. After 3 days of cultivation in vitro, the cell proliferation and viability of group B2 were the strongest among all groups (P < 0.05); the cell proliferation after cultured for 7 days was significantly stronger than that after cultured for 3 days in groups A1, A2, B1, and B2 (P < 0.05); and the cell proliferation was significantly stronger in groups B1 and B2 than groups A1, A2 and C, in group B2 than group B1, and in group A1 than group A2 (P < 0.05). The results of toluidine blue staining showed that blue metachromasia matrixes were observed in groups A1, A2, B1, and B2; group A1 and group A2 had similar staining degree, and the staining of group B2 was deeper than that of group B1. The adhesion of cells in all groups was good through SEM observation; and the connection of cells formed and stretched into the pores of the materials., Conclusion: The biomaterial films of PHBHHx modified with PhaP-RGD fusion protein can promote its biocompatibility with chondrocytes.