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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), an oil-rich country, where gas prices is cheaper than water and electricity is not considered a major expanse. The authors carried out a project to save electrical energy in higher educational buildings by developing and implementing an intelligent energy management system. The project faced many problems and difficulties. The main problem was the cultural understanding/attitude toward energy. In this paper, the authors report their experience and observations about this project. The authors present the results of a survey carried out to measure the degree to which people apply electrical saving tips distributed by the electrical company. Guided by the knowledge gained from developing the project, the authors suggest some ideas that might influence Saudis attitude toward energy consumption.

This paper suggests a new algorithm for data compression based on Boolean minimization of binary data. On the compressor side, the input bit-stream is divided into blocks of N-bits each, and a ℌsum of products” function is found for each block using Quine-McCluskey algorithm.

This paper presents the results of classifying Arabic text documents using a decision tree algorithm. Experiments are performed over two self collected data corpus and the results show that the suggested hybrid approach of Document Frequency Thresholding using an embedded information gain criterion of the decision tree algorithm is the preferable feature selection criterion. The study concluded that the effectiveness of the improved classifier is very good and gives generalization accuracy about 0.93 for the scientific corpus and 0.91 for the literary corpus and we also conclude that the effectiveness of the decision tree classifier was increased as we increase the training size, and the nature of the corpus has such a influence on the classifier performance.

This paper suggests splitting the existing email handlers into more than one group. The existing group can be considered as a group that has one-to-one relationship. However, this paper suggests that the email handlers should give the user the choice to select the relation that he would like to implement in the email handler. Three types of relationships can be identified. They are: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationship. Enforcing a certain type of relationship saves the time of the emailer. The paper will describe the prototype for each relationship with the advantages of each one.

The Arabic language is one of the most important languages because it is the sacred and liturgical language of Islam, one of the influential monotheistic religions of our times. In the post-9/11 aftermath, Islam suddenly dominated western actuality for the remaining years of the present decade. Al-Qurpsilaan - The Reading par Excellence - and ldquoHadithrdquo - Saying - represent the two fundamental scriptural sources of Islamic Legislation. Specifically, ldquoHadithrdquo, or Prophetic Traditions, are sayings and doings of the Prophet of Islam (Peace and Blessings be upon Him). Researchers need automatic search tools within large ldquoHadithrdquo databasesto access one of the original sources of Islam. For this purpose, we describe the development of AuthenTique, an updated automatic text mining search tool, based on the vector space model (VSM). The aim is to allow the provision of a list of ldquoHadithsrdquo classified according to their degrees of similarity based on a given userpsilas query.

This paper suggests a novel compression scheme for small text files. The proposed scheme depends on Boolean minimization of binary data accompanied with the adoption of Burrows-Wheeler transformation (BWT) algorithm. Compression of small text files must fulfil special requirements since they have small context. The use of Boolean minimization and Burrows-Wheeler transformation generate better context information for compression with standard algorithms. We tested the suggested scheme on collections of small and medium-sized files. The testing results showed that proposed scheme improve the compression ratio over other existing methods.

This paper introduces a novel method for semantic annotation of web page. We perform semantic analysis with regard to unwritten and empirically proven agreement between users and web designers. This method is based on patterns in selected domains. Pattern provides formalization of the agreement and allows assignment of semantics to parts of web pages. We will introduce experiments with this new method for semantic analysis.

Recently the numbers of Arabic web sites are rapidly increasing in the World Wide Web. Existing search engines retrieve information based on keywords, so huge number of irrelevant information is retrieved for users. By the appearing of the second generation of the World Wide Web the semantic web, many suitable approaches to retrieve information that depends on semantic can be built. Semantic web provides data models and languages such as Resource Description Framework (RDF), and Web Ontology Language (WOL) that facilitate building ontology within a specific domain. Ontology can capture concepts for specific domain. In addition, it can capture properties of these concepts, and their relationships. Therefore, they help machines to deal with data domain semantically. This paper proposes a new approach to measure the relevancy of Arabic documents to the user query using ontology concepts. In this paper we built Arabic ontology concepts for the electronic commerce domain in Arabic language. Ontology concepts are used to find new approach for ranking Arabic documents, and show the effectiveness of ontology in retrieving relevant documents.

This paper describes a method of using web patterns for Internet Search. We perform semantic annotation of web pages with regard to unwritten and empirically proven agreement between users and web designers. This method is based on extraction of web patterns which are characteristic for concrete domain. Pattern provides formalization of the agreement and allows assignment of semantics to parts of web pages. We introduce experiment with this method.

Introduction The importance of higher education to gain prosperity and to develop human resources has been realized by under-developed countries. Students in higher education require a very flexible environment to communicate and collaborate with their peers to accomplish tasks needed to succeed. In western countries where higher education is common, individuals regardless of their gender can meet, communicate and collaborate at anytime at any place of their choice. University campuses provide facilities and resources that students can use any time. In some countries and societies, it is not possible due to the cultural and social reasons. ZU was established for national female population of United Arab Emirates. The university has five colleges and most of the faculty members are western educated to provide students learning opportunities in American style of teaching ensuring a very high quality of education. ZU operations and policies reflect the impact of social and cultural values on higher education. Advances in networking technologies and the Internet have a significant impact on teaching and learning in higher education (Hodges, 2004; Muhlhauser, 2002; Smith & Winking-Diaz, 2004). ZU campuses are fully networked that allow students to connect to the university network and Internet from anywhere on campus. Each student is required to purchase a very recent laptop that she is supposed to carry with her while she is on campus. Each faculty member receives a laptop with a three-year replacement schedule. Normal working hours are 8 to 5 and students are allowed to be on campus during this period. For cultural and social reasons, students are not allowed to be oncampus after normal working hours and on weekends. Social and cultural values of a society could impose different rules based on the gender. Females in a society are usually subject to different set of rules as compared to their male counterparts in the same society. These rules could severely limit the learning opportunities for females. In this paper, we will present a case study using hybrid teaching approach to answer how technology could overcome these limitations without violating and changing any established society rules. In a technology-mediated learning environment, students and teachers use a wide range of Internet based tools to communicate, collaborate and share resources; these tools provide anytime anywhere learning opportunities. In this case study, we have used the following tools in our learning environment: Blackboard, a web-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) that has discussion forum functionality and assessment tools, email and conferencing communication tools. We also used server-based computational tools such as databases, web-servers and compilers needed for CS/IS courses. This paper discusses how educational technology could be used to enhance traditional instructor-led teaching to alleviate the impact of social and cultural values on higher education to make the learning environment a place to pass information and knowledge from teacher to students, from students to teacher, and from students to students; and a place for creative thinking, and learning. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses motivation and related work. Section 3 explains teaching and learning environment at ZU. Section 4 presents methodology and results of a case study based on a database course to show that technology-mediated environment can overcome limitations and constraints imposed by the social and cultural values. Summary and future work is presented in Section 5. Related Work Distance education is used to accommodate those students who could not attend regular school to learn in a traditional learning environment. Invention and adoption of Internet has a significant impact on distance education and traditional classroom based teaching. Web-based learning (WBL) has become a major trend in teaching and learning. …

In this paper was proposed a method for the description of web pages using web patterns. We will explain what we mean by the term "web pattern". We will present a taxonomy web patterns and a description of some their types. In the description of web patterns we will focus on properties which are useful for automatic detection on web pages. As a result of the detection we get a description of a web page using found web patterns. The description can be used for reordering and clustering of a web page set.

Community detection is a very active field in complex networks analysis, consisting in identifying groups of nodes more densely interconnected relatively to the rest of the network. The existing algorithms are usually tested and compared on real-world and artificial networks, their performance being assessed through some partition similarity measure. However, artificial networks realism can be questioned, and the appropriateness of those measures is not obvious. In this study, we take advantage of recent advances concerning the characterization of community structures to tackle these questions. We first generate networks thanks to the most realistic model available to date. Their analysis reveals they display only some of the properties observed in real-world community structures. We then apply five community detection algorithms on these networks and find out the performance assessed quantitatively does not necessarily agree with a qualitative analysis of the identified communities. It therefore seems both approaches should be applied to perform a relevant comparison of the algorithms., Comment: DICTAP 2011, The International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications, Dijon : France (2011)

This paper proposes a novel adaptive algorithm to extract facial feature points automatically such as eyes corners, nostrils, nose tip, and mouth corners in frontal view faces, which is based on histogram representing CDF approach. At first, the method adopts the Viola-Jones face detector to detect the location of face and the four relevant regions such as right eye, left eye, nose, and mouth areas are cropped in a face image. Then the histogram of each cropped relevant region is computed and its CDF value is employed by varying different threshold values to create a new filtering image in an adaptive way. The connected component of interested area for each relevant filtering image is indicated our respective feature region. A simple linear search and a contour algorithm are applied to extract our desired corner points automatically. The method was tested on a large BioID face database and the experimental results have achieved average success rates of 95.56%.

ISBN 978-3-642-14305-2; International audience; The number of publicly available Web services (WS) is continuously growing, and in parallel, we are witnessing a rapid development in semantic-related web technologies. The intersection of the semantic web and WS allows the development of semantic WS. In this work, we adopt a complex network perspective to perform a comparative analysis of the syntactic and semantic approaches used to describe WS. From a collection of publicly available WS descriptions, we extract syntactic and semantic WS interaction networks. We take advantage of tools from the complex network field to analyze them and determine their properties. We show that WS interaction networks exhibit some of the typical characteristics observed in real-world networks, such as short average distance between nodes and community structure. By comparing syntactic and semantic networks through their properties, we show the introduction of semantics in WS descriptions should improve the composition process.