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65. Emerging Viruses

Author

Ewald, Paul W.

Subjects
Emerging Viruses (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews
Published
1994

66. The evolutionary ecology of virulence

Author

Ewald, Paul W.

Subjects
Emerging Viruses (Book) -- Criticism and interpretation, Viruses -- Origin, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Origin
Published
1994

67. Territorial song in the Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna: costs of attraction and benefits of deterrence

Author

Goldberg, Tony L. and Ewald, Paul W.

Subjects
Birdsongs -- Research, Hummingbirds -- Behavior, Territoriality (Zoology) -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Playback of territorial song of Anna's hummingbirds near newly available feeders attracted intruders to the feeders and hastened territory establishment. The first feeding by intruders was not significantly earlier in the presence of playback, apparently because intruders were tentative about feeding in the presence of playback. Playback of song on established territories benefited owners by deterring potential intruders.

Published
1991

68. The human gutmicrobiome and health inequities.

Author

Amato, Katherine R., Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B., Bailey, Michael T., Broussard, Josiane L., Bruggeling, Carlijn E., Claud, Erika C., Costello, Elizabeth K., Davenport, Emily R., Dutilh, Bas E., Ewald, Holly A. Swain, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C., Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F., Miller, Gregory E., Preidis, Geoffrey A., Segurel, Laure, and Singer, Burton

Subjects
HEALTH equity, GUT microbiome, HEALTH policy, POPULATION health, GENDER
Abstract

Individuals who are minoritized as a result of race, sexual identity, gender, or socioeconomic status experience a higher prevalence of many diseases. Understanding the biological processes that cause and maintain these socially driven health inequities is essential for addressing them. The gut microbiome is strongly shaped by host environments and affects host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, making it an important pathway by which differences in experiences caused by social, political, and economic forces could contribute to health inequities. Nevertheless, few studies have directly integrated the gut microbiome into investigations of health inequities. Here, we argue that accounting for host-gut microbe interactions will improve understanding and management of health inequities, and that health policy must begin to consider the microbiome as an important pathway linking environments to population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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72. Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Infections and cancer: the 'fifty shades of immunity' hypothesis

Author

Jacqueline, Camille, Tasiemski, Aurélie, Sorci, Gabriele, Ujvari, Beata, Maachi, Fatima, Missé, Dorothée, Renaud, François, Ewald, Paul, Thomas, Frédéric, and Roche, Benjamin

Abstract

Antagonistic pleiotropy and mismatch concept. Antagonistic pleiotropy describes a situation where particular genes (e.g. inflammatory genes) have opposite effects on fitness at different ages, such that their effects are beneficial in early life, when natural selection is strong (following infections for instance), but harmful at later ages, when selection weakens. Whereas, mismatches between genotype and environment arise when a phenotype or genotype that were selected in a particular context (e.g. in a high parasitic burden) becomes detrimental in a new environment. (PPT 239 kb)

Published
2017
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73. Infections and cancer : the 'fifty shades of immunity' hypothesis

Author

Jacqueline, Camille, Tasiemski, Aurélie, Sorci, Gabriele, Ujvari, Beata, Maachi, Fatima, Missé, Dorothée, Renaud, François, Ewald, Paul, Thomas, Frédéric, Roche, Benjamin, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer ( CREEC ), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 ( Evo-Eco-Paléo ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Laboratoire de Pathologie Oncologie Digestive, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] ( UMMISCO ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop ( UCAD ) -Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 (Cameroun)-University Cadi Ayyad ( UCA ), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)

Subjects
Personal history of infection, Debate, Evolution, Immunity, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Communicable Diseases, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Neoplasms, Communicable Disease Control, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Humans, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Infection, Cancer
Abstract

Background Since the beginning of the twentieth century, infection has emerged as a fundamental aspect of cancer causation with a growing number of pathogens recognized as oncogenic. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses have also attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Discussion Lost in the dichotomy between oncogenic and oncolytic agents, the indirect influence of infectious organisms on carcinogenesis has been largely unexplored. We describe the various ways – from functional aspects to evolutionary considerations such as modernity mismatches – by which infectious organisms could interfere with oncogenic processes through immunity. Finally, we discuss how acknowledging these interactions might impact public health approaches and suggest new guidelines for therapeutic and preventive strategies both at individual and population levels. Summary Infectious organisms, that are not oncogenic neither oncolytic, may play a significant role in carcinogenesis, suggesting the need to increase our knowledge about immune interactions between infections and cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3234-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017

78. 50 Years of experimental particle physics in Bonn. A personal recollection

Author

Ewald Paul

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, law, General Physics and Astronomy, Proton Synchrotron, Photon beams, DESY, Particle accelerator, Photon beam, law.invention
Abstract

The first synchrotron for electrons in Europe was built at the Physikalisches Institut Bonn in the fifties, and two electron accelerators were built in the following decades. For fifty years, accelerators in Bonn have been in use for studying particle physics in scattering experiments with electron and photon beams, and for research and development of new detector components in both accelerator and experimental technology. Also, for fifty years, experimental groups in Bonn have worked on external experiments at accelerators and storage rings in the large research centres CERN and DESY. In this article, the long history of experimental particle physics in Bonn and at external accelerators is reviewed. It is shown that the interplay between an institute at a university and research centres can be very fruitful. Running accelerators at the institute supported by well equipped workshops were the basis for a wide range of technical developments. Most of the work was carried out in the hands of students. This was successful and guaranteed optimal possibilities for their education. The article is based on the personal recollection of the author.

Published
2013

81. Collaborative Multidisciplinary Workshop Report: The Role of Epidemiology Studies in Determining a Possible Relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Atherothrombotic Diseases

Author

Siscovick, David, Alexander, Russell, Davidson, Michael, Leinonen, Maija, O'Connor, Siobhan, Ewald, Paul, Meier, Cristopher, Puolakkainen, Mirja, Hughes, James, Nieto, Javier, Siscovick, David, Alexander, Russell, Davidson, Michael, Leinonen, Maija, O'Connor, Siobhan, Ewald, Paul, Meier, Cristopher, Puolakkainen, Mirja, Hughes, James, and Nieto, Javier

Published
2017

83. Pathogen survival in the external environment and the evolution of virulence

Author

Walther, Bruno A. and Ewald, Paul W.

Subjects
Communicable diseases -- Research, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Research, Biological research, Biology, Experimental, Biological sciences
Abstract

The correlation between virulence and durability explains three to four times of magnitude of difference in mean percent mortality and mean survival time, using both across-species and phylogenetically controlled analyses. Some of the findings on several areas of active research and public policy, which include studies on food-borne and insect pathogens and other relative topics, are mentioned.

Published
2004

86. Brief Tragedies

Author

Ewald, Paul W. and Cochran, Gregory M.

Subjects
Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy (Nonfiction work) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews, Science and technology
Abstract

Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy. Mel Greaves. x + 276 pp. Oxford University Press, 2000. $27.50. Lifestyle, genetics, chemical carcinogens, radiation or pathogens? At one level Mel Greaves's Cancer: The Evolutionary [...]

Published
2001

89. Evolutionary perspective of cancer: myth, metaphors, and reality

Author

Arnal, Audrey, Ujvari, Beata, Crespi, Bernard, Gatenby, Robert A., Tissot, Tazzio, Vittecoq, Marion, Ewald, Paul W., Casali, Andreu, Ducasse, Hugo, Jacqueline, Camille, Missé, Dorothee, Renaud, Francois, Roche, Benjamin, Thomas, Frederic, Arnal, Audrey, Ujvari, Beata, Crespi, Bernard, Gatenby, Robert A., Tissot, Tazzio, Vittecoq, Marion, Ewald, Paul W., Casali, Andreu, Ducasse, Hugo, Jacqueline, Camille, Missé, Dorothee, Renaud, Francois, Roche, Benjamin, and Thomas, Frederic

Abstract

The evolutionary perspective of cancer (which origins and dynamics result from evolutionary processes) has gained significant international recognition over the past decade and generated a wave of enthusiasm among researchers. In this context, several authors proposed that insights into evolutionary and adaptation dynamics of cancers can be gained by studying the evolutionary strategies of organisms. Although this reasoning is fundamentally correct, in our opinion, it contains a potential risk of excessive adaptationism, potentially leading to the suggestion of complex adaptations that are unlikely to evolve among cancerous cells. For example, the ability of recognizing related conspecifics and adjusting accordingly behaviors as in certain free-living species appears unlikely in cancer. Indeed, despite their rapid evolutionary rate, malignant cells are under selective pressures for their altered lifestyle for only few decades. In addition, even though cancer cells can theoretically display highly sophisticated adaptive responses, it would be crucial to determine the frequency of their occurrence in patients with cancer, before therapeutic applications can be considered. Scientists who try to explain oncogenesis will need in the future to critically evaluate the metaphorical comparison of selective processes affecting cancerous cells with those affecting organisms. This approach seems essential for the applications of evolutionary biology to understand the origin of cancers, with prophylactic and therapeutic applications.

Published
2015

90. Cancer: an emergent property of disturbed resource-rich environments? Ecology meets personalized medicine

Author

Ducasse, Hugo, Arnal, Audrey, Vittecoq, Marion, Daoust, Simon P., Ujvari, Beata, Jacqueline, Camille, Tissot, Tazzio, Ewald, Paul, Gatenby, Robert A., King, Kayla C., Bonhomme, Francois, Brodeur, Jacques, Renaud, Francois, Solary, Eric, Roche, Benjamin, Thomas, Frederic, Ducasse, Hugo, Arnal, Audrey, Vittecoq, Marion, Daoust, Simon P., Ujvari, Beata, Jacqueline, Camille, Tissot, Tazzio, Ewald, Paul, Gatenby, Robert A., King, Kayla C., Bonhomme, Francois, Brodeur, Jacques, Renaud, Francois, Solary, Eric, Roche, Benjamin, and Thomas, Frederic

Abstract

For an increasing number of biologists, cancer is viewed as a dynamic system governed by evolutionary and ecological principles. Throughout most of human history, cancer was an uncommon cause of death and it is generally accepted that common components of modern culture, including increased physiological stresses and caloric intake, favor cancer development. However, the precise mechanisms for this linkage are not well understood. Here, we examine the roles of ecological and physiological disturbances and resource availability on the emergence of cancer in multicellular organisms. We argue that proliferation of 'profiteering phenotypes' is often an emergent property of disturbed, resource-rich environments at all scales of biological organization. We review the evidence for this phenomenon, explore it within the context of malignancy, and discuss how this ecological framework may offer a theoretical background for novel strategies of cancer prevention. This work provides a compelling argument that the traditional separation between medicine and evolutionary ecology remains a fundamental limitation that needs to be overcome if complex processes, such as oncogenesis, are to be completely understood.

Published
2015

91. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : Abstracts for the “Evolutionary Medicine Conference: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Human Health and Disease” at the University of Zurich, Switzerland (July 30–August 1, 2015)

Author

Staub, Kaspar, Bender, Nicole, Ewald, Paul, Rühli, Frank J, Staub, K ( Kaspar ), Bender, N ( Nicole ), Ewald, P ( Paul ), Rühli, F J ( Frank J ), Staub, Kaspar, Bender, Nicole, Ewald, Paul, Rühli, Frank J, Staub, K ( Kaspar ), Bender, N ( Nicole ), Ewald, P ( Paul ), and Rühli, F J ( Frank J )

Published
2015

93. Biology of Emerging Viruses: SARS, Avian and Human Influenza, Metapneumovirus, Nipah, West Nile, and Ross River Virus . Based on a meeting held in Hanoi, Vietnam, 4–5 April 2005. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1102. Edited by Sunil K. Lal . Published by Blackwell Publishing, Malden (Massachusetts), on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences , . $125.00 (paper). xii + 149 p.; ill.; index of contributors. 978‐1‐57331‐690‐3 . 2007 .

Author

Ewald, Paul W.

Published
2008
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