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Abstract Eucoleus aerophilus is the causative agent of respiratory capillariosis in wild and domestic carnivores and has sporadically affected humans. To date, this parasite has been detected in 38 countries, confirming its worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of E. aerophilus in red fox populations from Central Europe and to describe the sequence variations in the partial cox1 gene of this parasite recovered from stool samples. An investigation was carried out using 342 samples of red foxes faeces investigated via seminested PCR and coproscopy. PCR results confirmed the presence of E. aerophilus DNA in 230 samples and E. boehmi DNA in 14 samples. Molecular analysis of the retrieved sequences revealed 22 haplotypes of E. aerophilus, EaPL1–EaPL22, and 4 haplotypes of E. boehmi, EbPL1–EbPL4. Coproscopic examination revealed that eggs of the Capillariidae family were most prevalent in all regions, with a mean prevalence of 73%. Furthermore, the following eggs were detected: Taeniidae (21.3%), Toxocara spp. (26.3%), Toxascaris leonina (5.3%), Trichuris vulpis (1.5%), trematodes (23.4%), hookworms (2.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (1.8%). This study evaluated the prevalence of E. aerophilus in red fox populations in selected regions of Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study on E. aerophilus in Poland.

Braille is a universal tactile writing system for the blind and visually impaired. Braille can be printed in several ways, including embossing, screen, or UV ink-jet printing. In this study, we propose to use three-dimensional, 3D, printing technology to print dots of the Braille alphabet. The 3D model was designed with CAD software and then overprinted with Fused Deposition Modelling, FDM, technology with polylactide filament. Then, the quality of braille dots was assessed according to the standard for Braille. The estimated height (0.5 mm) and diameter (1.3 mm) for Braille dot were not achieved for the designed model. The measured values of the Braille dots were 0.38±0.03 mm and 1.0±0.07 for the height and diameter, respectively. The dot quality was assessed with an optical microscope. The distribution and location of the Braille can be acceptable, but the reproduction of dot shape, curvature, and dimensions is not compatible with the standard for Braille dots. Despite that, Braille is readable, and FDM can be a cheap solution to develop customized and unique plates with Braille imitating conventional Braille dots embossed in cardboard.

Aim of the study: In the face of inevitable climate change and high energy demand during the heating season (October–March), an attempt was made to estimate the change in available total radiation over a 60-year perspective (2000–2060). Material and methods: Five formulas based on standard meteorological data (temperature, precipitation) were used to estimate radiation, for which parameters were determined based on actual observations from Wrocław, which is a good representative of the southern, lowland part of Poland. Precipitation and temperature values for the year 2060 and the RCP 6.0 scenario, as well as background (year 2000), were obtained using the WGENK meteorological data generator. Results and conclusions: The results obtained indicate that with the expected increase in temperature and precipitation, total radiation may decrease by 5% during the October–March period in the year 2060 compared to the reference year 2000.

Abstract There is increasing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the causal relationships are unclear. In an ASD patient whose identical twin was unaffected, we identified a postzygotic mosaic mutation p.Q639* in the TRAP1 gene, which encodes a mitochondrial chaperone of the HSP90 family. Additional screening of 176 unrelated ASD probands revealed an identical TRAP1 variant in a male patient who had inherited it from a healthy mother. Notably, newly generated knock-in Trap1 p.Q641* mice display ASD-related behavioral abnormalities that are more pronounced in males than in females. Accordingly, Trap1 p.Q641* mutation also resulted in sex-specific changes in synaptic plasticity, the number of presynaptic mitochondria, and mitochondrial respiration. Thus, the TRAP1 p.Q639* mutation is the first example of a monogenic ASD caused by impaired mitochondrial protein homeostasis.

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHs) are identified as an alternative technology that is important for sustainable stormwater management through reuse, conservation, and reduce runoff. In recent years there has been a growth of studies on the effectiveness of RWHs. However, analyses of the system performance based on the site specific conditions are still limited. The aim of the study was to assess of the potential for rainwater reuse (householder’s interest) and reduction of roof runoff by RWHs (an environment’s perspective) assumed in a single- family building. Two performance indicators have been calculated i.e. water saving potential (WSE) and overall efficiency (OE). Four realistic scenarios (S1–S4) and three main non-potable water requirements were defined. The results of the study showed that WSE and OE varied depending on the type and size of the tank, the economic purpose, and the amount and irregularity of precipitation. The potential for the use of water stored in above-ground tanks for plant watering ranged from 62 to 82%. Underground reservoirs, with a larger capacity, were able to cover water requirements for this purpose up to 100%. However, the OE of tanks receiving runoff from the entire roof area were at low levels. Values of OE ranged from 3.7 to 6.8%, from 5.5 to 9.2%, and from 42.9 to 71.0%, for above-ground (S1 and S2) and underground (S3) and (S4) tanks, respectively. The results of the study may be useful for planning domestic rainwater harvesting systems and for comparison with practices in other countries.

Additive manufacturing methods give the opportunity to produce interesting, new structures with a more complicated topology than would be possible using traditional methods. Methods: Using the selective laser sintering method, a disk with a high roughness and porous structure was produced. Studies of material surface were performed on microscopic devices. An in vitro experiment was performed on the manufactured disk using mice fibroblastic cells. Results: The designed shape enabled the growth of the cell culture in the disc pores and ensured impermeability of the disc base. Based on average viability 79%, which is close to reference well (80%), preliminary results confirmed that the manufactured structures create sufficiently comfortable conditions for the cell cultures without the need to design its internal topography. Conclusions: Controlling the production parameters of SLS printing allows to obtain structures characterized by spatial and surface porosity without designing inner geometry of the structure. Polyamide 2200 (PA2200) powder with a laser beam, offers new possibilities for producing surfaces used in the tissue engineering, bioreactors, and microfluidics devices.

Tubercle disease or a bacterial pocket disease of sugar beets are names used to describe one of the gall-malformed diseases of sugar beet roots. Xanthomonas beticola is the historical name of the pathogen supposedly causing bacterial pocket disease. There were no isolates deposited in any collection corresponding to the originally isolated bacteria, except two strains from the NCPPB (National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, UK). However, both isolates were identified as related to Bacillus pumilus, which raised doubts about their pathogenicity. In our laboratory, greenhouse, and preliminary field experiments, we demonstrated that such strains are not pathogenic to sugar beets. Furthermore, both strains promoted their growth, improved their yield quality, and partly protected them against Rhizoctonia solani in a field experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study aimed to compare the stage of coronary heart disease in patients who underwent invasive cardiac diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic and before, based on the number of medical devices used and the number of complex coronary angioplasty procedures performed. Material and Methods A retrospective, single-center study was conducted, which included 187 successive patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease, who were divided into 2 groups: group I (N = 92, pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and group II (N = 95, during COVID-19 pandemic). Results Despite a comparable number of invasive procedures in both groups, stent length and contrast use per procedure were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, a higher number of stents was used per patient in 2021, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0817). Similarly, fluoroscopy time per procedure and procedure duration were significantly longer in the 2021 group. Among patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher glucose concentration, blood pressure parameters, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were observed; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, coronary atherosclerosis progression were found, requiring a higher number of complex coronary angioplasty procedures, which contributed to a statistically significant increase in the number of medical devices used (angioplasty guidewires, angioplasty balloons) and procedures duration. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(4):333–342

Abstract Microplastics have the capacity to accumulate in soil due to their high resistance to degradation, consequently altering soil properties and influencing plant growth. This study focused on assessing the impact of various types and doses of microplastics on beech seedling growth. In our experiment, we used polypropylene and styrene granules with diameter of 4.0 mm in quantities of 2.5% and 7%. The hypothesis was that microplastics significantly affect seedlings' nutritional status and growth characteristics. The research analysed seedlings' nutrition, root morphological features, above-ground growth, and enzymatic activity in the substrate. Results confirmed the importance of microplastics in shaping the nutritional status of young beech trees. Microplastic type significantly impacted N/P and Ca/Mg stoichiometry, while microplastic quantity influenced Ca/Al and Ca+K+Mg/Al stoichiometry. Notably, only in the case of root diameter were significantly thicker roots noted in the control variant, whereas microplastics played a role in shaping the leaves' characteristics of the species studied. The leaf area was significantly larger in the control variant compared to the variant with polypropylene in the amount of 2.5% and styrene in the amount of 7%. Additionally, the study indicates a significant impact of microplastics on enzyme activity. In the case of CB and SP, the activity was twice as high in the control variant compared to the variants with microplastics. In the case of BG, the activity in the control variant was higher in relation to the variants used in the experiment. Research on the impact of microplastics on the growth of beech seedlings is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the effects of environmental pollution on forest ecosystems. Such studies are integral in shaping forestry management practices and fostering a broader public understanding of the ecological implications of plastic pollution.

Abstract Environmental concerns and climate protection are gaining increasing emphasis nowadays. A growing number of industries and scientific fields are involved in this trend. Sustainable electronics is an emerging research strand. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable or biobased raw materials can be used for the development of green flexible electronic devices, which may serve to reduce the pollution generated by plastics and electronics waste. In this work, we present cytocompatible, electrically conductive structures of nanocarbon water-soluble composites based on starch films. To accomplish this goal, potato starch-based films with glycerol as a plasticiser were developed along with a water-soluble vehicle for nanocarbon-based electroconductive pastes specifically dedicated to screen printing technology. Films were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mechanical properties and surface free energy.

Abstract Background Changes in Polish demographic data with a growing number of culturally and linguistically diverse patients stipulate new directions in medical education to prepare future physicians to work effectively across cultures. However, little is known about Polish medical students’ willingness to gain cross-cultural knowledge and skills, desire to get engaged in interactions with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, expectations and needs concerning cross-cultural training as well as challenges they face in the path to cultural competence. Methods Therefore, in this study, we conducted and thematically analysed fifteen semi-structured interviews with medical students to broaden our understanding of medical students’ perception of cross-cultural competence enhancement. Results The conducted thematic analysis allowed for the development of four themes, which showed that Polish medical students perceived skills and knowledge necessary to facilitate culturally congruent care as indispensable to form quality patient-doctor relations, believed that lack of cultural sensitivity may lead to dangerous stereotype formation and insufficient competence may be the source of stress and anxiety resulting in confusion and lack of confidence. Finally, numerous suggestions have been made by participants on how to improve their cross-cultural competence. Students emphasized, however, the role of medical education with active and experiential learning methods, including simulation-based training, in the process of equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary to provide best quality care to culturally diverse patients. Conclusions Our analysis indicated that Polish medical students seem to hold positive attitudes towards cultural competence development and view it as an important component of physician professionalism.

After the announcement of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a new disease connected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection was described: paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease (PIMS). PIMS is an acute and potentially dangerous inflammatory syndrome that may lead to cardiac complications. It requires differential diagnosis with Kawasaki disease. Some patients with PIMS can develop macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), which until now has occurred most commonly with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and is closely related to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). In this article we present a case report of a patient with diagnosed PIMS, including PIMS with MAS, and with later diagnosis of HLH and JIA.

Abstract Cytoplasmic polyadenylation plays a vital role in gametogenesis; however, the participating enzymes and substrates in mammals remain unclear. Using knockout and knock-in mouse models, we describe the essential role of four TENT5 poly(A) polymerases in mouse fertility and gametogenesis. TENT5B and TENT5C play crucial yet redundant roles in oogenesis, with the double knockout of both genes leading to oocyte degeneration. Additionally, TENT5B-GFP knock-in females display a gain-of-function infertility effect, with multiple chromosomal aberrations in ovulated oocytes. TENT5C and TENT5D both regulate different stages of spermatogenesis, as shown by the sterility in males following the knockout of either gene. Finally, Tent5a knockout substantially lowers fertility, although the underlying mechanism is not directly related to gametogenesis. Through direct RNA sequencing, we discovered that TENT5s polyadenylate mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum-targeted proteins essential for gametogenesis. Sequence motif analysis and reporter mRNA assays reveal that the presence of an endoplasmic reticulum-leader sequence represents the primary determinant of TENT5-mediated regulation.

Mutations in the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway are frequent alterations in cancer and RASopathies, and while RAS oncogene activation alone affects 19% of all patients and accounts for approximately 3.4 million new cases every year, less frequent alterations in the cascade's downstream effectors are also involved in cancer etiology. RAS proteins initiate the signaling cascade by promoting the dimerization of RAF kinases, which can act as oncoproteins as well: BRAFV600E is the most common oncogenic driver, mutated in the 8% of all malignancies. Research in this field led to the development of drugs that target the BRAFV600‐like mutations (Class I), which are now utilized in clinics, but cause paradoxical activation of the pathway and resistance development. Furthermore, they are ineffective against non‐BRAFV600E malignancies that dimerize and could be either RTK/RAS independent or dependent (Class II and III, respectively), which are still lacking an effective treatment. This review discusses the recent advances in anti‐RAF therapies, including paradox breakers, dimer‐inhibitors, immunotherapies, and other novel approaches, critically evaluating their efficacy in overcoming the therapeutic limitations, and their putative role in blocking the RAS pathway.

Melatonin, a hormone primarily synthesized by the pineal gland, is traditionally associated with the regulation of circadian rhythms. However, recent research has unveiled its broad spectrum of biological effects, positioning it as a valuable therapeutic agent in diverse health contexts. Known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, melatonin plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cellular integrity. This review explores melatonin’s therapeutic applications across multiple medical domains, including muscle health, metabolic disorders, chronic pain management, and cardiovascular health. In muscle health, melatonin facilitates muscle hypertrophy and regeneration by mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing the activity of satellite cells responsible for muscle repair. This action is particularly beneficial for individuals undergoing intense physical exertion, recovering from injuries, or combating age-related muscle. In metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, melatonin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces cellular oxidative damage, which supports beta-cell function and glucose regulation, potentially minimizing diabetes-related complications. Furthermore, in fibromyalgia - a condition marked by widespread pain and sleep disturbances - melatonin has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain and improving sleep quality, thus enhancing the overall quality of life for patients. In cardiovascular health, melatonin has shown promise in preventing and managing heart failure by reducing oxidative damage, modulating inflammatory pathways, and supporting endothelial function, which collectively contribute to improved cardiac health and reduced disease progression. This comprehensive review underscores melatonin’s emerging role as an integrative therapeutic agent in modern medicine.

Diabetic retinopathy, also defined as diabetic eye disease is one of the main causes of eye complications and blindless in the world therefore leads to irreversible vision disorder and vision loss. A pregnant women as a patient is always a real challenge for doctors of various specialties. During this period, numerous systemic changes occur, such as increased blood pressure in the third trimester, increased blood volume insulin resistance with worsening glycemic control and excessive coagulation. The above complication may be reflected in the image of the fundus of the eye. Pregnancy may induce retinal disease such as diabetic retinopathy. This review article presents the incidence, pathogenesis and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. More over in the following paper discussed management of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy and guidelines are recommended based on the achievable evidence.

Introduction: In today’s world, we know how important it is to keep healthy habits because many diseases begin with daily lifestyle choices. Dry eye disease is a disease of the ocular surface and there are many risk factors, that lead to developing this disorder. As the possible factors we can underline deficiency of vitamin D or Omega-3 fatty acids, lack of physical exercise, long screen time, or smoking tobacco. Aim of the study: This review seeks to highlight the issue of dry eye disease linked to everyday routines by examining clinical trial outcomes. Furthermore, it offers an analysis of potential strategies to prevent ocular alterations by critically evaluating the existing data. State of knowledge: The listed lifestyle choices cause a higher risk of developing dry eye disease and affect ocular health on many levels, leading to unpleasant feelings and affecting people’s lives. However, with some lifestyle changes, the risk of developing this disease can be decreased, and negative symptoms can be minimized. It is important to remember vitamin D, and Omega-3 supplementation, daily physical activity, minimalization of the time spent in front of the visual display terminals, and quitting smoking. Conclusions: Many daily habits are connected to developing dry eye disease, and it is very important to remember about the small daily changes, which can decrease the risk of the disease.

Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the episclera of the eye, which is the tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva. It manifests as unilateral or bilateral redness and discomfort. Despite its typically benign course, it may signal underlying systemic disorders, necessitating comprehensive evaluation and personalized management. While most cases are idiopathic, autoimmune diseases and infections may play contributory roles. Epidemiological studies reveal a predilection for young to middle-aged females, with episcleritis being less common in children. Diagnostically, characteristic features include sectoral redness and mild discomfort, distinguishing it from conjunctivitis and scleritis. Treatment primarily focuses on symptomatic relief, utilizing topical steroids, oral NSAIDs, and artificial tears. The prognosis is generally favourable, with spontaneous resolution within weeks; however, recurrent, or chronic cases may necessitate further evaluation for underlying systemic conditions. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management strategies, prognosis of episcleritis, and clinical nuances, drawing upon recent literature from 1976 to the present. By consolidating contemporary knowledge, this review provides valuable insights for clinicians on how to treat this ocular condition effectively.

Introduction: Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common neurological disorder characterized by bilateral head pain and muscle tension, affecting up to 78% of the population. Despite its prevalence, TTH has historically received less attention than migraines. However, recent years have seen increased interest in understanding its pathophysiology and treatment options. This review comprehensively analyzes TTH management, covering non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to guide clinical practice and future research effectively. State of Knowledge: TTHs manifest as bilateral, pressing, encircling head pain, profoundly affecting individuals' quality of life. Recent years have witnessed increased interest in TTH understanding and treatment. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications, exercise, dietary adjustments, sleep hygiene, physical therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacological treatments like over-the-counter medications, prophylactic drugs, psychedelics, and botulinum toxin A, have shown promise in alleviating symptoms. Conclusion: This review highlights the multifaceted management of TTH. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavioral modifications and psychotherapy, offer symptom relief. Body awareness therapy, exercise, and psychotherapy benefit TTH symptoms and quality of life. Paracetamol, ibuprofen, and amitriptyline are standard treatments, with emerging options like psychedelics and botulinum toxin A. Personalizing treatment and understanding TTH mechanisms pose challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for enhancing management and outcomes. More research is required to identify optimal treatments and long-term efficacy. Despite challenges, progress in TTH management brings hope for better patient care.

Introduction: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that can modulate immune and inflammatory responses. Recent investigations have shed light on its potential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the eyes. Aim of the study: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing findings on the relationship between vitamin D and ocular diseases. The intention is to present new perspectives that will contribute to a better understanding of the complicated nature of this aspect. Material and methods: This review included relevant papers from PubMed database using specified keywords. Analysis of the literature: The role of vitamin D in ocular and visual health has been observed in many studies. A deficiency of vitamin D may play a significant role in the development of many ocular diseases such as dry eye disease, myopia, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, and thyroid eye disease. Conclusions: Adequate vitamin D levels are significant for maintaining ocular health. Recognition of the pivotal role of vitamin D in ocular diseases opens new possibilities for potential therapeutic interventions. Ongoing research is needed to further investigate that aspect. Supplementation of vitamin D may prevent or modulate many diseases affecting the eyes.

Cancer-related pain represents a serious challenge in oncological care, often refractory to conventional analgesics and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. In recent years, medical marijuana (cannabis) has emerged as a potential adjunctive or alternative therapy for managing pain in oncological patients. This narrative review critically evaluates the existing literature on the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanisms of action of medical marijuana in alleviating pain associated with cancer. Drawing upon a synthesis of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as meta-analyses and systematic reviews, this review provides insights into the scientific basis and clinical implications of utilizing medical marijuana in oncological pain management.

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication following spinal procedures, particularly lumbar punctures and epidural anesthesia. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various management strategies for PDPH. A comprehensive search was conducted across major databases for relevant articles published up to January 2024. The inclusion criteria comprised studies assessing interventions for post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) management in adult populations. Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted independently by two reviewers. Analysis involved 34 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that conservative approaches, including bed rest, hydration, caffeine, and analgesics, continue to serve as the fundamental components of PDPH management. Additionally, epidural blood patch (EBP) emerged as the most effective intervention for refractory cases. However, further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and explore emerging therapies.

Celem parku kulturowego jest obszarowa ochrona dziedzictwa miejskiego połączona z celami rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego w relacji ze środowiskiem miejskim i przyrodniczym. U podstaw leży szerokie rozumienie dziedzictwa kulturowego, uwzględniające jego niematerialny aspekt. Artykuł jest analizą dokumentów związanych z procesem stanowienia Parku Kulturowego Nowa Huta oraz zestawieniem z ideą parku kulturowego wg. UNESCO. W artykule wykorzystano także autorskie badania etnograficzne.

In the area of research on neurodegenerative diseases, the current challenge is to search for appropriate research methods that would detect these diseases at the earliest possible stage, but also new active structures that would reduce the rate of the disease progression and minimize the intensity of their symptoms experienced by the patient. The chalcones are considered in the context of candidates for new drugs dedicated to the fight against neurodegenerative diseases. The synthesis of bis-chalcone derivatives (3a-3d), as aim molecules was performed. Their structures were established by applying 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectra. All bis-chalcones were synthesized from terephthalaldehyde and appropriate aromatic ketone as substrates in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation method and evaluated in the biological tests and in silico analysis. Compounds exerted antioxidant activity using the HORAC method (3a-3d) and decreased the activities of GPx, COX-2 (3b-3d), GR (3a-3c) and CAT (3a,3b). The high anti-neurodegenerative potential of all four bis-chalcones was observed by inhibition of acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and a positive effect on the mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cell line (LDH release and PGC-1α, PPARγ and GAPDH protein expression). TD-DFT method (computing a number of descriptors associated with HOMO–LUMO electron transition: electronegativity, chemical hardness and potential, first ionization potential, electron affinity) was employed to study the spectroscopic properties. This method showed that the first excited state of compounds was consistent with their maximum absorption in the computed UV–Vis spectra, which showed good agreement with the experimental spectrum using PBE1PBE functional. Using in silico approach, interactions of bis-chalcones with selected targets (aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) PAS-A Domain, ligand binding domain of human PPAR-γ, soman-aged human BChE-butyrylthiocholine complex, Torpedo californica AChE:N-piperidinopropyl-galanthamine complex and the COX-2-celecoxib complex) were characterized. Results obtained in in silico models were consistent with in vitro experiments.