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This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); the PhD Grant SFRH/BD/46189/2008.

Apresentamos um estudo de caso cujo objectivo foi explorar a associação entre as rupturas na aliança terapêutica e a expressão verbal de necessidades do cliente em psicoterapia. Foi analisado um caso de insucesso de um cliente diagnosticado com Transtorno de Pânico com Agorafobia, através do Rupture Resolution Rating System (3R’s) e do Sistema de Observação de Responsividade Terapêutica Os dados resultantes da aplicação dos dois sistemas de observação foram analisados com o software de análise de séries temporais SMA. Os resultados indicam que um aumento da Expressão Verbal de Necessidades numa sessão está associada a uma diminuição dos marcadores de ruptura após três e quatro sessões e um aumento dos marcadores de rupturas numa sessão está associado a um aumento da EVN após quatro sessões. Esta associação foi mais evidente entre as rupturas de confronto, particularmente do marco de insatisfação com as actividades da terapia, e a expressão de necessidades directamente relacionadas com a terapia., We present a case study whose main goal was to explore the relationship between therapeutic alliance´s ruptures and the client’s verbal expression of needs in psychotherapy. We intensively analyzed an unsuccessful case of a client with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia. The sessions were analyzed using the Ruptures Resolution Rating System (3R’s) and the Sistema de Observação de Responsividade Terapêutica . The results indicate that an increase in the Verbal Expression of Needs (EVN) is associated with a decrease of the ruptures three and four sessions later and that an increase in ruptures is associated with an increase of EVN four sessions later. There was a more clear association between the confrontation ruptures, particularly the expression of dissatisfaction about therapeutic activities, and a specific type of EVN:the client´s expression of direct requests related to therapy., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

The relationship between war exposure and PTSD has been largely investigated but the impact of the combat experience on physical health has only recently merited attention. The authors investigated the relationship between war exposure, psychological and physical health among 350 Portuguese colonial war veterans. The role of current PTSD symptoms as a mediator of these relationships was also investigated. The results showed that 39% of the veterans met criteria for current PTSD diagnosis and psychological distress was present in half of the sample. Pain, fatigue and sleep problems were the most reported physical symptoms and mental health and gastro-intestinal problems, the most reported illnesses. Combat exposure variables were significant predictors of current health. The results indicated that veterans with higher exposure to war trauma maintained higher current levels of psychological distress and presented more physical health problems and physical symptoms than those less exposed. Mediation analyses showed that current PTSD was a full mediator of the relationship between war exposure and physical health outcomes., The authors wish to thank the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, grant POCTI (POCTI/ESP/39515/2000), for financing this project. The authors are also grateful for the collaboration of the Associação Portuguesa de Veteranos de Guerra and their aid with the data collection.

Emergency service workers continuously face situations where they are in charge of the lives of others, and this can be a risk factor for their mental health. This study aims to determine the psychological impact of exposure to current death and physical injury events in the context of motor vehicle accidents among emergency personnel and which variables better predict posttraumatic stress disorder. Participants were National Institute of Medical Emergency workers (nurses and medical doctors; n= 59) in the north of Portugal. They filled out a trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder scale (PTSD), a scale that assesses distress (General Health Questionnaire 12), a peritraumatic dissociation scale (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire) and a coping scale (Ways of Coping Questionnaire). Participants reported high exposure to events evaluated as traumatic, but low prevalence of PTSD. When the relation between exposure, time in emergency, sex, distress symptoms, peritraumatic dissociation, and PTSD symptoms was examined, peritraumatic dissociation and distress were the only predictors of PTSD symptoms, but beyond their contribution direct coping explains PTSD variance. In conclusion, taking into account the contribution of distress and peritraumatic dissociation to predict psychopathological symptoms, and the contribution of coping to lower PTSD scores, education and training should help the professionals deal with these reactions and improve coping, and organizations should support professionals in the most disturbing situations.

CONTEXTO: As dificuldades de regulação emocional estão presentes em vários quadros psicopatológicos, sendo necessário o recurso a um instrumento que as possa medir adequadamente. OBJECTIVOS: Fazer a adaptação para o português da Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional e analisar as suas qualidades psicométricas. Um segundo objectivo do estudo era o de explorar a associação entre as dimensões da DERS e sintomas psicopatológicos específicos. MÉTODO: A escala original foi traduzida para o português e preenchida por uma amostra de 324 sujeitos que também preencheram o Inventário Breve de Sintomas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelam uma estrutura factorial muito semelhante à da versão original, bons valores de estabilidade temporal, de consistência interna (Cronbach's α = ,93) e bons níveis de validade externa com o BSI. A análise realizada com o subgrupo de 115 sujeitos que compuseram a amostra clínica revelou que os indivíduos com psicopatologia apresentam mais dificuldades de regulação emocional do que os indivíduos normais. Por meio da análise de correlação entre as diferentes subescalas da DERS e do BSI, verificamos que as subescalas Estratégias e Objectivos apresentam o valor mais elevado de associação com todos os sintomas psicopatológicos. DISCUSSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que essas duas dimensões são transversais às várias perturbações psicopatológicas e poderiam, por isso, ser incluídas em intervenções psicológicas focadas na capacidade de regulação emocional.BACKGROUND: Emotion dysregulation is a unifier dimension of several psychopathological symptoms thus an instrument that measures it is needed. OBJECTIVES: To adapt to Portuguese the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and study its psychometric qualities. A second goal was to explore the association between DERS dimensions and specific types of psychopathology symptoms. METHOD: The original measure was translated to Portuguese and completed by a sample of 324 individuals who also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS: The results show a very similar factor structure to the original measure: good testretest stability, very good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = ,93) and good external validity with BSI. The analysis performed with the subset of 115 individuals that composed the clinical sample showed that psychopathologic individuals present more difficulties in emotion regulation than normal individuals. Through the correlation analysis between the different DERS and BSI subscales, we found that the Strategies and Goals subscales present the highest level of association with all the psychopathological symptoms. DISCUSSION: This may suggest that these two dimensions are present in various psychological disorders and could, therefore, be included in psychological interventions focused on emotion regulation skills.

Aim: We understand ambivalence as a cycle of opposing expressions by two internal voices. The emergence of a suppressed voice produces an innovative moment (IM), challenging the dominant voice, which represents the client’s problematic selfnarrative. The emergence of the IM is opposed by the dominant voice, leading to a return to the problematic self-narrative. This study analyzed therapist and client responses to each other in episodes of ambivalence. Method: The therapeutic collaboration coding system (TCCS) assesses whether and how the therapeutic dyad is working within the therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD) by examining client responses to therapist interventions. We applied the TCCS to episodes in which a good- and a poor-outcome client in narrative therapy expressed ambivalence. Results: In both the good- and poor-outcome cases, the therapist responded to the emergence of ambivalence similarly, balancing challenging and supporting. The good-outcome case responded at the developmental level proposed by the therapist when challenged, while the poor-outcome case lagged behind the level proposed. Discussion: This supports the theoretical explanation that the therapist did not match client’s developmental level in the poor-outcome case, working beyond the client’s current TZPD and contributing to the maintenance of ambivalence., Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-007653), Postdoctoral research grant SFRH/BPD/ 84157/ 2012 of Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology

This article presents the psychometric properties of a new measure of social anxiety, the Social Anxiety Questionnaire for adults (SAQ), composed of 30 items that were developed based on participants from 16 Latin American countries, Spain, and Portugal. Two groups of participants were included in the study: a nonclinical group involving 18,133 persons and a clinical group comprising 334 patients with a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (social phobia). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor structure of the questionnaire. The factors were labeled as follows: (1) Interactions with strangers, (2) Speaking in public/talking with people in authority, (3) Interactions with the opposite sex, (4) Criticism and embarrassment, and (5) Assertive expression of annoyance, disgust, or displeasure. Psychometric evidence supported the internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance of the SAQ. To facilitate clinical applications, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis identified cut scores for men and women for each factor and for the global score.

Objectives: This study evaluated the development of the therapeutic alliance and the emergence of alliance ruptures, in a sample of patients with different diagnosis and different therapeutic outcome. Design: We examined the longitudinal data of 38 therapeutic dyads receiving cognitive-behavioural therapy, including dropouts as well as successful and unsuccessful cases. The sample included cases with Axis I and Axis II disorders. Method: At the end of each session, patients evaluated the alliance using the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). Six judges trained in the observation of alliance rupture markers with an observational system of ruptures, rated 201 videotaped sessions. Longitudinal statistical models were applied to the data. Results: We found that the pattern of alliance development of successful cases was different from the unsuccessful and dropouts cases. In addition on average, patients with personality disorders began therapy with a lower WAI score that decreased over time, whereas patients with Axis-I disorders began therapy with a higher WAI score that increased over time

This paper explores the development of therapeutic collaboration in Person-Centered Therapy (PCT). It presents a good outcome case - "Mary" - selected from York I Depression Study, treated with PCT. The study examined how therapist and client worked together throughout the therapy, using the Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System (TCCS). The TCCS assumes that effective therapeutic collaboration occurs within the client's therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD), defined as the distance between the actual and the potential client's developmental level. It consists of a transcript-based method by which therapist's interventions and client's responses are analyzed on a moment-to moment basis. Two independent trained judges coded 15 sessions of this case, using the TCCS. Results showed that the therapeutic dyad worked most of the time within the client's TZPD, thus suggesting a collaborative pattern throughout the therapy process. In addition, the results showed that the client proactively interacted with the therapist, moving forward in her TZPD., (undefined)

This study compared two methods of detecting ruptures in therapy sessions, a procedure based on a self-report measure, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and an observational Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS). We anticipated that the 3RS would detect more ruptures than the WAI. We examined the longitudinal data of 38 patient-therapist dyads in a cognitive-behavioral therapy condition. The sample included cases that did not complete treatment (dropped cases) as well as good-outcome and poor-outcome cases. At the end of each session, patients completed the WAI self-report questionnaire. Six judges were trained to observe and detect the occurrence of ruptures, and then rated 201 videotaped sessions. Longitudinal statistical models were applied to the data retrieved from the WAI questionnaires completed by patients. We found discrepancies in the ability of the two methods to detect rupture events with the observational 3RS detecting more ruptures than the WAI. Thus, the use of observational systems for the detection of alliance ruptures is crucial for effectively assessing the quality of the therapeutic alliance over the course of treatment. Furthermore, observational systems proven to detect ruptures can be used to improve clinical practice and training of new clinicians., (undefined)

We understand ambivalence as a cyclical movement between two opposing parts of the self. The emergence of a novel part produces an innovative moment, challenging the current maladaptive self-narrative. However, the novel part is subsequently attenuated by a return to the maladaptive self-narrative. This study focused on the analysis of the therapeutic collaboration in episodes in which a relatively poor-outcome client in narrative therapy expressed ambivalence. Method: For our analysis we used the Therapeutic Collaboration Coding System, developed to assess whether and how the therapeutic dyad is working within the therapeutic zone of proximal development (TZPD). Results: Results showed that when the therapist challenged the client after the emergence of ambivalence, the client tended to invalidate (reject or ignore) the therapist’s intervention. Conclusions: This suggests that in such ambivalence episodes the therapist did not match the client’s developmental level, and by working outside the TZPD unintentionally contributed to the maintaining the client’s ambivalence.

The quality and strength of the therapeutic collaboration, the core of the alliance, is reliably associated with positive therapy outcomes. The urgent challenge for clinicians and researchers is constructing a conceptual framework to integrate the dialectical work that fosters collaboration, with a model of how clients make progress in therapy.We propose a conceptual account of how collaboration in therapy becomes therapeutic. In addition, we report on the construction of a coding system - the therapeutic collaboration coding system (TCCS) - designed to analyse and track on a moment-by-moment basis the interaction between therapist and client. Preliminary evidence is presented regarding the coding system's psychometric properties. The TCCS evaluates each speaking turn and assesses whether and how therapists are working within the client's therapeutic zone of proximal development, defined as the space between the client's actual therapeutic developmental level and their potential developmental level that can be reached in collaboration with the therapist.We applied the TCCS to five cases: a good and a poor outcome case of narrative therapy, a good and a poor outcome case of cognitive-behavioural therapy, and a dropout case of narrative therapy.The TCCS offers markers that may help researchers better understand the therapeutic collaboration on a moment-to-moment basis and may help therapists better regulate the relationship.

Several studies have suggested that the process of narrative change in psychotherapy occurs through the emergence and expansion of moments of novelty, known as innovative moments (IMs), that allow changes in the problematic self-narrative responsible for the client’s suffering. However, as these IMs challenge typical (and problematic) ways of acting, feeling, and thinking, they may also generate discrepancy or uncertainty. Clients may reduce uncertainty by returning to the problematic self-narrative immediately after the emergence of an IM, thus ensuring the homeostasis of the previous meaning system. This cyclical movement is a form of ambivalence, which can maintain problematic stability across therapy and lead to therapeutic failure. In this study, we identified return to the problem markers (RPMs), which are empirical indicators of the ambivalence process, for all IMs in two cases of constructivist grief psychotherapy. Both cases evidenced a high percentage of IMs with RPMs, and the evolution of IMs and RPMs along treatment was significantly correlated. We suggest that stability of the ambivalence process in grief psychotherapy may represent a form of self-protection from the anxiety or guilt of releasing pain as a disconnection from the deceased.

Dissertação de mestrado em Gestão de Unidades de Saúde, O conceito de clima organizacional é caracterizado como o ambiente interno de uma organização, sendo estudado em diversas instituições, sejam de caráter público ou privado. O conhecimento, por parte dos responsáveis das instituições, da perceção que os indivíduos têm do clima organizacional, tornou-se um parâmetro relevante para o desenvolvimento saudável da organização. Apesar de a maior parte dos estudos empíricos de clima serem quantitativos e privilegiarem o inquérito por questionário, a abordagem qualitativa foi ganhando alguma expressão. O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa, tem como objetivo avaliar as perceções dos colaboradores de uma clínica dentária sobre clima organizacional, discutindo os resultados obtidos à luz da literatura da especialidade. A análise incide sobre um conjunto de entrevistas feitas com colaboradores de uma unidade de saúde oral relativamente a determinadas dimensões de clima que procuram traduzir o clima percecionado pelos colaboradores da organização. Os colaboradores assimilam que o clima é desfavorável, tenso. O estudo incidiu sobre a liderança, a motivação e satisfação, o stress, comunicação e conflito e a formação e desenvolvimento de carreira, as dimensões aqui usadas para a análise de clima organizacional. De entre as principais conclusões destaca-se a necessidade de incentivar de forma mais eficaz o trabalho em equipa. Afigura-se imperativa a presença de um líder capaz de detetar os erros de comunicação e consequente conflito. Os resultados apontam ainda para a necessidade de estimular a motivação e apostar na formação e desenvolvimento profissional dos profissionais entrevistados., The concept of organizational climate is characterized as the internal environment of an organization, being studied in various institutions, both public and private. Knowledge, by the heads of institutions, of the perception that individuals have of the organizational climate, has become a relevant parameter for the sound development of organizations. Although most empirical studies of climate be quantitative and privileging the questionnaire survey, the qualitative approach has gained some expression. The present study, qualitative, aims at assessing the perception of organizational climate of the staff of a dental clinic, discussing the results obtained in light of speciality literature. The analysis focuses on a set of interviews conducted with employees of a unit of oral health regarding certain aspects of climate, which are intended to translate into the climate perceived by the organization’s staff. Employees assimilate the weather is unfavourable lived tensely. The study focused leadership, motivation and satisfaction, stress, communication and conflict, and training and career development are the variables used here for the organizational climate analysis. Key findings include the need for a more effective encouragement of teamwork. The presence of a leader who is capable of identifying communication errors and mediating consequent conflicts is imperative. Results also suggest the need to stimulate motivation and invest in the training and professional development of respondents.

An early version of this article was published in the journal Psychologica in Portuguese. We thank the editors of that journal for their permission to publish versions in other languages., This article studies the levels of psychological symptoms, problem-solving skills and self-construction in 28 freshmen, as assessed at the beginning and end of their first year at university. The repertory grid technique was used to assess self–ideal discrepancy, cognitive differentiation, and existence of implicative dilemmas. Results showed an improvement in psychological symptoms and self–ideal discrepancy, an increase in differentiation, but no significant differences in problem-solving skills. One or more implicative dilemmas were found in over half of the sample at the initial assessment and only in one-third at the final one, although this difference was not significant. Psychological symptoms at the end of the first year were predicted only by the initial reported symptoms. However, problem-solving skills at the end were predicted by a model including both initial skills and implicative dilemmas at the beginning of the year. Some implications for the adaptation of students during the first year at university are discussed., Ministero de Ciencia e Innovacion (Ref. PSIZ008-00406)

Aim: We explored therapists’ and clients’ experiences of alliance rupture events for the first 15 sessions of each of eight cases; therapists were each paired with one client who had a personality disorder. Method: All sessions were videotaped and rated with the Rupture Resolution Rating System. Approximately 1 week after a rupture, clients and therapists were individually interviewed about the causes of the rupture, how the rupture evolved, the impact of the rupture on the therapeutic process, and experiences during the event. The interviews were analyzed by five judges using consensual qualitative research (CQR; Hill, 2011). Results: Typically, rupture events involved a repetition of a previous rupture event, the rupture emerged when the client was not prepared to respond to the therapist’s intervention, both therapists and clients felt confused and ambivalent, and confrontation events activated intense and negative feelings. We discuss the implications for practice, training, and research., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Contexto: As dificuldades de regulação emocional estão presentes em vários quadros psicopatológicos, sendo necessário o recurso a um instrumento que as possa medir adequadamente. Objectivos: Fazer a adaptação para o português da Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional e analisar as suas qualidades psicométricas. Um segundo objectivo do estudo era o de explorar a associação entre as dimensões da DERS e sintomas psicopatológicos específicos. Método: A escala original foi traduzida para o português e preenchida por uma amostra de 324 sujeitos que também preencheram o Inventário Breve de Sintomas. Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma estrutura factorial muito semelhante à da versão original, bons valores de estabilidade temporal, de consistência interna (Cronbach’s α = ,93) e bons níveis de validade externa com o BSI. A análise realizada com o subgrupo de 115 sujeitos que compuseram a amostra clínica revelou que os indivíduos com psicopatologia apresentam mais dificuldades de regulação emocional do que os indivíduos normais. Por meio da análise de correlação entre as diferentes subescalas da DERS e do BSI, verificamos que as subescalas Estratégias e Objectivos apresentam o valor mais elevado de associação com todos os sintomas psicopatológicos. Discussão: Esses resultados sugerem que essas duas dimensões são transversais às várias perturbações psicopatológicas e poderiam, por isso, ser incluídas em intervenções psicológicas focadas na capacidade de regulação emocional., Background: Emotion dysregulation is a unifier dimension of several psychopathological symptoms thus an instrument that measures it is needed. Objectives: To adapt to Portuguese the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and study its psychometric qualities. A second goal was to explore the association between DERS dimensions and specific types of psychopathology symptoms. Method: The original measure was translated to Portuguese and completed by a sample of 324 individuals who also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: The results show a very similar factor structure to the original measure: good testretest stability, very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = ,93) and good external validity with BSI. The analysis performed with the subset of 115 individuals that composed the clinical sample showed that psychopathologic individuals present more difficulties in emotion regulation than normal individuals. Through the correlation analysis between the different DERS and BSI subscales, we found that the Strategies and Goals subscales present the highest level of association with all the psychopathological symptoms. Discussion: This may suggest that these two dimensions are present in various psychological disorders and could, therefore, be included in psychological interventions focused on emotion regulation skills., Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

This article presents the basic theoretical assumptions of a Relational Approach to Psychotherapy, particularly in what concerns the interpersonal roots of psychopathology and consequently the way the relational experience therapy provides, may serve to change the client’s dysfunctional interpersonal schema subjacent to symptoms. In the second part of the article we present the clinical implications of the concept of Ruptures in Therapeutic Alliance, seen as a tension or breakdown in the collaborative relationship between therapist and patient. Following Bordin’s conceptualization of the alliance, ruptures may consist of a disagreement about the tasks or the goals of treatment or a strain in the bond. The most important findings that have been collected about the way these interpersonal cycles between therapist and patient can lead to change when efficiently addressed, or to poor outcome or unilateral termination when unresolved, are reviewed. Having already accumulated enough evidence about the importance of the therapeutic alliance, a second generation of alliance researchers is now trying to understand the way the alliance is a mechanism of change. The findings we review suggest that the process of repairing weakened alliances may offer an answer to that question., Este artigo apresenta as premissas básicas de uma abordagem relacional em psicoterapia, nomeadamente no que diz respeito às origens de natureza interpessoal da psicopatologia e consequentemente ao modo como a experiencia relacional que a psicoterapia oferece, pode servir para alterar os esquemas interpessoais disfuncionais do paciente subjacentes aos sintomas. Na 2ª parte do artigo, apresentamos as implicações clínicas do conceito do conceito de Rupturas na Aliança Terapêutica, entendidas como um comprometimento ou quebra na relação colaborativa entre terapeuta e paciente. Seguindo a conceptualização de Aliança de Bordin, as rupturas podem consistir num desacordo ao nível das tarefas ou objectivos do processo ou numa tensão no vínculo. São revistos os resultados mais relevantes que têm sido encontrados sobre o modo como estes ciclos interpessoais entre terapeuta e paciente podem conduzir à mudança quando eficazmente geridos, ou a resultados pobres ou finalizações unilaterais quando não resolvidos. Tendo já acumulado evidência para a importância da aliança terapêutica, uma segunda geração de investigadores na aliança, tem procurado compreender o modo como a aliança é, em si mesma, um mecanismo de mudança. Os resultados que aqui são revistos sugerem que o processo de reparação de alianças enfraquecidas pode oferecer uma resposta a esta questão., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

According to White’s narrative therapy, the identification and amplification of unique outcomes, known as exceptional moments outside the problematic narrative, are crucial processes for change to occur. The Innovative Moments’ Coding System (IMCS) was developed in order to classify these novelty moments – which we call innovative moments (i-moments) – in psychotherapy sessions. This system allows tracking the occurrence of 5 types of i-moments: action, reflection, protest, re-conceptualization and performing change. Our central aim is to highlight the way the different types of i-moments emerge along the therapeutic process. Therefore we present an analysis of the change process of a good outcome case of constructivist therapy, using the IMCS. Congruently with previous studies, re-conceptualization develops from the middle of the therapy with clear upward tendency. Reflection remains stable and consistently salient across initial and intermediate phases, decreasing in the final phase. Action, protest and performing change i-moments are rather absent., Segundo a terapia narrativa de White, a mudança ocorre a partir da identificação e expansão dos resultados únicos, entendidos como excepções à narrativa problemática. O Sistema de Codificação de Momentos de Inovação (SCMI) foi desenvolvido para identificar estas novidades narrativas – que denominamos momentos de inovação (MIs) – nas sessões de psicoterapia. Este sistema permite identificar 5 tipos de MIs: acção, reflexão, protesto, reconceptualização e desempenho da mudança. Pretendemos compreender como é que os diferentes tipos de MIs emergem ao longo do processo terapêutico. Deste modo, apresentamos a análise do processo de mudança de um caso de sucesso de terapia construtivista, a partir do SCMI. A reconceptualização emerge na fase intermédia do processo e evolui progressivamente até ao final. A reflexão está presente ao longo do processo, sendo bastante elevada nas sessões iniciais e intermédias e decrescendo nas sessões finais. Os MIs de desempenho da mudança, acção e protesto estão quase ausentes.

A new genus of fungus gnats Lusitanoneura gen. n. (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), allied to Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, 1911, is described to include Ectrepesthoneura chandleri Caspers, 1991 from Crete and Cyprus and L. grandolensis sp. n. from Portugal. These species are considered congeneric with each other but not with the bulk of species hitherto assigned to Ectrepesthoneura.

Dissertação de Doutoramento em Farmácia, área de especialização em Microbiologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto

O self de carreira constituí um subconjunto organizado do universo cognitivo de uma pessoa, responsável pelo carácter subjetivo que a mesma confere à carreira. Este estudo pretende avaliar mudanças no conteúdo do self de carreira de estudantes universitários, do início para o final do último ano de graduação. Para tal, recorreu-se a medidas repetidas dos índices da Grelha de Repertório da Carreira (Silva & Taveira, 2005; Silva, 2008). Na investigação, participaram 80 estudantes, dos quais 49 são mulheres (61,25%) e 31 são homens (38,75%), com idades entre os 21 e os 45 anos (M= 23,9, DP= 4,31). Os resultados indicam que, no final da licenciatura, os estudantes diminuem a distância como se constrõem em relação aos outros e mantêm uma construção positiva do self de carreira., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

En este estudio se presenta el análisis intensivo de un caso de abandono de terapia en el que se identificaron varios eventos de ruptura sin reparar. Hemos centrado nuestro análisis en la contribución de la terapeuta a estos episodios no resueltos. El número de intentos de intervención de la terapeuta fue cuatro veces menor que el número de las intervenciones previstas de acuerdo con los Modelos de Resolución de Rupturas. Las principales fallas de la terapeuta fueron: incapacidad para advertir el marcador de la ruptura, para validar la experiencia emocional de la paciente y para reconocer su propia responsabilidad en el problema. La evaluación de la terapeuta indicó un buen funcionamiento interpersonal y psicológico, lo que sugiere que su incapacidad para resolver adecuadamente las rupturas estuvo menos relacionada con este tipo de variables y más relacionada con el nivel de experiencia clínica y con factores de entrenamiento/supervisión., In this study we present the intensive analysis of a dropout case in which several unrepaired rupture events were identified. We focused our analysis on the therapist's contribution to these unresolved episodes. The number of therapist intervention attempts was about four times less than the number of expected interventions according to Rupture Resolution Models. The main therapist's failures were: inability to attend to the rupture marker; inability to validate the client's emotional experience and to acknowledge her own responsibility for the problem. Therapist's assessment indicated a good interpersonal and psychological functioning which suggests that her inability to adequately resolve ruptures was less related with this kind of variable and more related to the level of clinical experience and training/supervision factors., Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012