Search

Introduction Ethyl Vinyl Alcohol co-polymer Onyx (ev3 Inc., Irvine, CA) is a non-adhesive but cohesive liquid embolic agent that can be used to occlude vascular lesions. On label indications are for arteriovenous malformations, but the fluid has been useful in a variety of clinical scenarios including dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF), aneurysms, tumour embolisation and others. The key drawbacks of these techniques are in the time, material, and radiation needed for the formation of a proximal plug to force the flow of Onyx forward into the vascular territory, as well as the possibility of difficult catheter removal. The usage of Oynx in conjunction with the Scepter C dual lumen coaxial balloon system (MicroVention, Tustin, CA) can circumvent the need for plug formation and avoid associated drawbacks. Materials and Methods The endovascular database at a single institution was reviewed to assess for cases in which ethyl vinyl alcohol was used in conjunction with a Scepter C balloon. In each case, the Scepter C balloon was navigated to the target artery under fluoroscopic roadmap assistance. The balloon was inflated to occlude the vessel, and the lumen was flushed with DMSO. Onyx 18 embolisation was subsequently performed under continuous fluoroscopy until stasis was observed. The cases are reviewed and summarised with attention to fluoroscopy time between the initiation of ethyl vinyl alcohol embolisation and the cessation of ethyl vinyl alcohol embolisation. Results Five consecutive patients were treated with a combination of ethyl vinyl alcohol and the Scepter C balloon. In the three tumour cases, a total of six pedicles were embolised; in the dural fistulae cases, two pedicles were embolised. No immediate per-procedural complications occurred. Total fluoroscopy time, average fluoroscopy time per injection, and total time between initial injection and cessation of embolisation are accessed and compared to historical data on Onyx-only embolisation procedures. In a single case, reflux occurred secondary to a loose valve that led to an unplanned balloon deflation. Conclusion The Scepter C balloon may be used off-label to deliver ethyl vinyl alcohol for the treatment of dAVF and tumour embolisation. Diminished fluoroscopy times and embolysate injection times may be achieved using an in-line balloon that results in an immediate block to retrograde flow, obviating the need to form a proximal “plug”. Further research is necessary to confirm safety and radiation exposure benefits, especially in arteriovenous malformations. Disclosures C. Chung: None. T. Osanai: None. F. Hui: 3; C; MicroVention, Penumbra.

Bis(ethylthio)acetals possessing a hydroxy group in the α-position eliminate, upon reaction with copper(I) chloride in dimethylformamide, cleanly and quantitatively one molecule of ethanethiol with the formation of substituted ethyl vinyl sulfides

An asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction between 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole and ethyl vinyl ketone promoted by a chiral organopalladium complex gives the corresponding keto-substituted phosphine ligands in which the keto group can be stereospecifically located in the endo- or exo-positions of the phosphanorbornene skeleton.

The synthesis of 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane-1,2,3-14C3 from uniformly labeled paraldehyde is described. The synthesis involves three steps and proceeds in an overall yield of 25%. The final product is greater than 95% radiochemically pure and it is stable indefinitely when stored as thoroughly degassed benzene solutions. Hydrolysis of radiolabeled tetraethoxypropane occurs in moderate yields to form malondialdehyde-1,2,3-14C3(1,3 propanedial-1,2,3-14C3) which is isolated and stored as the sodium salt. One of the intermediates in the synthesis of tetraethoxypropane is ethyl vinyl-[1,2-14C2] ether, which is isolable in 50% overall yield from paraldehyde. The widespread utilization of ethyl vinyl ether in organic synthesis suggests that the radiolabeled material should provide an entry to a large number of specifically [14C] labeled compounds.

In a synthetic approach to the polyhydroxyagarofurans found throughout the family Celastraceae, the Robinson annulation of hydroxycarvone with ethyl vinyl ketone has been repeated. In contrast to the reported results 10-epieudesma-4,11-diene-3,9-dione is the major product (43%) of the annulation and eudesma-4,11-diene-3,9-dione is a minor product (24 %). The structure and stereochemistry of these isomers was determined by conversion to eudesmane derivatives of known structure and stereochemistry. The requisite isomer from the annulation, 10-epieudesma-4,11-diene-3,9-dione, was converted to 9-keto-α-agarofuran by epoxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic followed by reduction to a Stereoisomeric mixture of 10-epieuclesm-4-en-3,9,11-triols. Oxidation of this mixture with Jones reagent afforded the ketoagarofuran. This annulation and agarofuran synthesis has also been carried out using hydroxy-carvone and methyl vinyl ketone to afford 14-nor-9-keto-α-agarofuran.

Robinson annelation of thujone (1) with methyl and ethyl vinyl ketones proceeds stereospecifically to afford the tricyclic enones 6 and 4 respectively. Enone 4 was converted to the glycol 13 which on treatment with 48% hydrobromic acid gave (+)-9-bromo-β-cyperone (14). Reduction with triphenyltin hydride yielded (+)-β-cyperone (3). Enone 6 was converted via standard means to the cyclopropyl alcohol 9, a potential precursor of (+)-junenol (10).

2-Methoxy- and 2-ethoxy-1-arylsulfonylaziridines, which are formed by reaction of arenesulfrayl azides with methyl and ethyl vinyl ethers, react with ketones to give 5-alkoxy-2,2-dialkyl-3-arylsulfonyloxazolidines, along with products of dimerization and polymerization of the alkoxyaziridines.

The infrared spectra of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, benzyl and phenyl vinyl ether and also ethyl vinyl thioether were investigated over the region of 4000-650 cm−1. The assignment of the spectrum of methyl vinyl ether has been made by the aid of the bands contours. The absorption bands of the other were discussed and the characteristic frequencies of vinyl ethers are concluded as follows. (1) three bands near 3100 cm−1…… CH stretching of vinyl group (2) 1615±5 cm−1…… C = C stretching (3) 1321±2 cm−1…… CH in-plane deformation (4) 1203±2 cm−1…… C-O stretching (5) 965±5 cm−1…… = CH- out-of-plane deformation (6) 815±5 cm−1…… = CH2 out-of-plane deformation

The Schmidt reaction of acraldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, and ethyl vinyl ketone leads to the formation of ammonia with pyruvaldehyde, biacetyl, and pentane-2,3-dione, respectively, through the intermediate formation of β-azidocarbonyl compounds. For methyl isopropenyl ketone and mesityl oxide neither the Schmidt reaction of the ketone nor the acid-catalysed decomposition of the β-azido-ketone leads to similar products.

α-Acyloxy derivatives of straight-chain aliphatic sulfides in boiling t-butyl alcohol give mercaptals. Thus, α-benzoyloxy di-n-propyl sulfive and α-acetoxy di-n-butyl sulfide yielded propio-aldehyde di-n-propyl mercaptal and butyroaldehyde di-n-butyl mercaptal, respectively. However, 2-benzoyloxytetrahydrothiophene gave a dimer of dihydrothiophene. Pyrolysis in absence of alcohol of acyloxy derivatives of sulfides results in unsaturated sulfides. Thus, α-acetoxy and α-benzoyloxy derivatives of diethyl sulfide and tetrahydrothiophene yielded ethyl vinyl sufide and 2,3-dihydrothiophene, respectively.

1. The following reactions have been investigated: the interaction of ethyl vinyl ether and of butyl vinyl ether with glycerol at a molar ratio of 3 : 1; the addition of ethyl vinyl ether and of butyl vinyl to 1,2-O-ethylidene-glycerol; and the addition of butyl vinyl ether to 1,3-O-ethylidegenerated. 2. It has been shown, for the first time, that the main products of the reactions of ethyl vinyl and butyl vinyl ethers with glycerol are 3-0(1-etoxyethyl_-and 3-O-(1-butoxyethyl-1,2,O-ethylideneglycerols (III) and acetals of corresponding monohydric alcohols (IV), 3. By the reaction of 1,2-O-thylideneglycerol with ethyl vinyl and with butyl vinyl ether, complex cyclic acetals of glycerol (III) are formed. 4. 2-O-(I-Butoxyethyl)-1,3-O-ethylideneglycerol (V) has been synthesized for the first time from 1,3-O-ethylidene glycerol and butyl vinyl ether.

1. Vinyl chloroacetate was synthesized by the method of indirect vinylation. 2. Copolymers of vinyl chloroacetate with vinyl ethers (ethyl vinyl, butyl vinyl, and phenyl vinyl ethers) were synthesized. In some cases the content of vinyl ether units in these copolymers attained 80–90 moles percent. 3. Copolymers of vinyl chloroacetate with styrene were synthesized.

1. Under the conditions studied, in the reaction of cyclohexyl, phenyl, and butyl vinyl ethers and also of ethyl vinyl suifide with isoprene the process goes both by the diene-synthesis scheme, and also by the copolymerization of the vinyl ethers with isoprene. 2. The adducts, which are new methylcyclohexene derivatives, were prepared and characterized, New copolymers of vinyl ethers with isoprene containing up to 70 moles per cent of the vinyl ether were isolated, and also a copolymer of ethyl vinyl suifide-with isoprene containing 16 moles per cent of ethyl vinyl suifide was isolated. 3. Diene condensation with isoprene occurs most readily in the case of phenyl vinyl ether, and copolymerization with isoprene occurs most readily in the case of cyclohexyl vinyl ether.

1. The reactions of glycerol trivinyl ether with ethyl and butyl alcohols have been studied. 2. It has been shown that the main reaction products in the reaction of glucerol trivinyl ether with monohydric (ethyl and batyl) alcohols are the acetaldehyde acetals of the monohydric alcohols, mixed acetals of glycerol and the monodydric alcohol (VIII), and the acetal derived from three molecules of acetaldehyde and two of glycerol (IX). 3. 3-O-(I-Ethoxyethyl)- and 3-O-(I-batoxyethyl)-1,2-O-ethylideneglyecrols (VIII) have been isolated and characterized. 4. It has been shown that the reaction of glycerol trinvinyl ether with ethyk and butyl alcohols yields the same acetals s those formed by the reaction of ethyl vinyl and butyl vinyl ethers with glycerol.

Reactions of phosphorus pentachloride with ethyl(trichloromethyl)carbinol (2), (trichloromethyl)-vinylcarbinol (7), ethynyl(trichloromethyl)carbinol (11a), and 1,1,1-trichloro-3-nonyn-2-ol (11b) have been studied. Whereas the reaction of phenyl(trichloromethyl)carbinol with phosphorus pentachloride leads to a nearly quantitative replacement of the hydroxyl group by chlorine, the reactions of the aliphatic (trichloromethyl)carbinols are more complicated. Thus the reaction of 2 with phosphorus pentachloride gave 18% of the normal product, 1,1,1,2-tetrachlorobutane (3), 13% of 1,1,2-trichloro-1-butene (4) from a dehydrohalogenation, and a higher boiling phosphate ester – acid chloride mixture. The alkynylcarbinols (11) gave tetrachlorobutynes (12) as well as tetrachloroallenes (13) by allylic rearrangement. A crystalline phosphate ester of 11a was also isolated. Several examples are given of catalytic rearrangements in the vapor phase of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-alkenes to 1,1,3-trichloro-1-alkenes.

The reaction of 3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline hydrochloride on ethyl vinyl ketone yields two cis and trans benzo[a quinolizinone isomers in variable proportions depending on the pH of the reacting medium. The cis junction isomer can be stabilized and isolated as the β-propionylethylquinolizinium chloride quaternary salt.

The volatile flavor constituents of defatted soy flour were isolated by a specially designed apparatus. The isolated volatiles were fractionated by gas chromatography. The fractions with characteristic beany, grassy, and green odors were identified by infrared and mass spectrometry. A total of 25 compounds was identified, including nine alcohols, six aldehydes, nine ketones, and 2-pentyl furan. Among the identified compounds, 2-pentyl furan and ethyl vinyl ketone are probably the key compounds for the beany and grassy odors of the soy flour. All the compounds identified in this study can be postulated as autoxidative decomposition products of soy lipids. Therefore, the presence of these compounds in soy flour might be due to the incomplete removal of lipids in soy flour.

Trialkoxysilylalkanethiols (CH3O)3Si(CH2)nSH (n=1–3) react with divinyl sulfide at 100–110° to give 2-(trialkoxysilylalkylthio)ethyl vinyl sulfides (CH3O)3Si(CH2)nS (CH2)2SCH=CH2 in high yield. The reactivity of the trialkoxysilylalkanethiols decreases with increase in the number of CH2 groups between the S and Si atoms. A second molecule of the organosilicon thiol acids adds with difficulty to divinyl sulfide to give the diadduct.

Vinyloxyethyltrialkylammonium salts possessing strong hypertensive activity were prepared by reacting 2-(dialkylamino)ethyl vinyl ethers with alkyl iodides and 2-halogenoethyl vinyl ethers with tertiary amines.

Previously1 we have reported the new reaction of poly(alkyl vinyl ketone)s with active chlorides such as phosphoryl chloride, to obtain the corresponding poly(acyl actylene)s and later the changes in the electric conductivities of poly(ethyl vinyl ketone) films during the reaction with phosphoryl chloride were reported.2 The poly(ethyl vinyl ketone) film showed its specific conductivity of up to 10−2 Ω−1 cm−1 when reacted at 0°C after about 200 hours of reaction in petroleum ether. In this paper the electric conductivities of poly(methyl vinyl ketone), poly (ethyl vinyl ketone) and poly(phenyl vinyl ketone), which were reacted with phosphoryl chloride and thiophosphoryl chloride in solution and in the form of a film in non-solvent, are reported.

Many types of plastic are now used to manufacture equipment used in the administration of injections. A number of interactions between parenteral drugs and particular plastics have been identified. Some drugs sorb to plastics, leading to loss of pharmacologically-active compounds. Major groups of drugs exhibiting this phenomena include polypeptides, nitrates and benzodiazepines. Some parenteral drug vehicles extract components from the plastics leading to potential hazards to patients.

The rapid development of experiments on the photodissociation of ions in beams or trapped in an ICR cell has been described in several review papers [1]. Therefore, in this paper we will only give a survey of some experimental results recently obtained in this laboratory.

Robinson annelation of thujone (1) with methyl and ethyl vinyl ketones proceeds stereospecifically to afford the tricyclic enones 6 and 4 respectively. Enone 4 was converted to the glycol 13 which ...

A general mathematical analysis of consecutive, competitive reactions of amino groups in amino acids, peptides, and proteins was developed. The analysis is of more than theoretical interest, and should prove useful for interpretation of the reactivity and utility of reagents that modify lysine in proteins.

Le Fluothane, CF3CHClBr, est un agent anesthesique par inhalation; il est puissant, non explosif et non inflammable, a ľUnversite Duke, nous ľavons admimstre a 500 malades pour en etudier les effets. Toutes sqrtes ďoperations ont ete pratiquees chez des malades dont ľâge vanait de 8 mois a 73 ans. Nous avons present une premedication ordinaire en surveillant toutefois que des doses adequates de medicaments anticholmergiques soient admimstrees pour prevenir la bradycardie durant ľanesthesie

Polymer beads have been prepared by photocationic suspension polymerisation of 2-(aryldimethyl)silyl ethers in perfluorooctane in the course of our studies on polymer-supported desymmetrisation of 1-silacyclohexa-2,5-dienes. Good yields of 100–200 μm beads of satisfactory shape have been obtained using a perfluorinated co-polymer as stabilising agent. These beads have no permanent porosity although they have a high nominal cross-linking level. Their swelling in common organic solvents is comparable with those of Merrifield or TentaGel gel-type resins.

Tri- and tetracyclosilazanes, containing vinyloxyethyl substituents attached to the silicon atom, were synthesized by the reaction ofβ-(alkyldichlorosilyl)ethyl vinyl ethers with ammonia.

Robinson annelation of the 10-hydroxymethylene derivative of 1β,4,4-trimethyl-3α,5α-tricyclo[5.4.0.03,5]undec-7-en-9-one with methyl and ethyl vinyl ketones has yielded hydrocyclopropa[b]anthracenones whose products of reduction and cyclopropane scission are reported. The stereochemistry of the tetracycles and tricycles are analysed by the 13C n.m.r. spectral and c.d. methods.

The free-radical addition of ethanethiol and methanethiol to hexachloronorbornadiene is shown to give as main products, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloronorborn-5-en-2-endo-yl alkyl sulphides and 1,2,3,5-endo,6,6-hexachloro-norborn-2-en-7-syn-yl alkyl sulphides. On oxidation of these sulphides to sulphones epimerisation occurs at C-2 and C-7, respectively. The structure of the Diels–Alder adduct of ethyl vinyl sulphone and hexachlorocyclopentadiene is established as 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloronorborn-5-en-2-exo-yl ethyl sulphone. Treatment of 1,2,3,5-endo,6,6-hexachloronorborn-2-en-7-syn-yl alkyl sulphides and the corresponding 7-anti-sulphones with an equimolar quantity of potassium t-butoxide results in the elimination of hydrogen chloride to give 1,2,3,5,6-pentachloronorborna-2,5-dien-7-yl alkyl sulphides and sulphones, respectively.

1. Experiments were carried out to determine the anesthetic effects of divinyl, ethyl vinyl and diethyl ether on mice. 2. The concentrations necessary to produce surgical anesthesia and respiratory arrest were, for divinyl ether 8 and 12 vol. per cent, for ethyl vinyl ether 6 and 16 vol. per cent and for diethyl ether 6 and 18 vol. per cent. Induction time was short and nearly the same for the three ethers in the range 8-14 vol. per cent. Recovery was prolonged following anesthesia with diethyl ether especially when higher concentrations were used. Thus, our results indicate that divinyl ether is the least potent agent for producing surgical anesthesia and the most potent for producing respiratory arrest. It is, therefore, the most dangerous of the three ethers. Ethyl vinyl ether was found to be rapid in action, potent and safe. Recovery time following its use was short.