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The discussion on the possible implications of the digital economy for labour continues unabated. An essential dimension of the discussion is the widely shared view that a basic income could guarantee sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers should technological unemployment and labour market insecurity increase. A budget-neutral basic income has serious limitations as an economic stabilisation grant, but if financing proposals are revised, these limitations can be tackled. Even though guaranteeing sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers does not necessarily require an unconditional universal benefit, it seems clear that traditional activation based on strict means-testing and obligations will not be a strategy flexible enough to guarantee sufficient consumer demand in fluctuating labour markets. An economically sustainable solution might be to reduce means-testing gradually and to study carefully the effects.

We will calculate the essential dimension of the moduli stack of polarized K3 surfaces, including the positive char case., Some mistakes corrected

Essential dimension of a geometric object is roughly the number of algebraically independent parameters needed to define the object. In this thesis we give upper bounds for the essential dimension of parabolic bundles over a non-singular curve X of genus g greater than or equal to 2 using Borne's correspondence between parabolic bundles on a curve and vector bundles on a root stack. This is a generalization of the work of Biswas, Dhillon and Hoffmann on the essential dimension of vector bundles, by following their method for curves and adapting it to root stacks. In this process, we invoke the Riemann-Roch theorem of Toen for Deligne-Mumford stacks and use it to estimate the dimension of stack of parabolic bundles on X.

Trust is an essential dimension in transactions that involve performance ambiguity, important consequences, and great interdependence between partners, i.e., there is some kind of risk involved. In personal sales, building lasting relationships should be encouraged, especially in insurance market, in which trust and commitment between broker and insured are put to test year after year. The present research intends to investigate the importance of trustworthiness of frontline employees and managerial policies and practices of insurance companies on customer satisfaction and loyalty. To the model testing, data were collected with Brazilian insurance brokers. PLS was used for the data analysis. The results indicate the influence of trustworthiness of employees on satisfaction and loyalty and the influence of managerial policies and practices on satisfaction.

We determine the essential dimension of the spin group Spin(n) as an algebraic group over a field of characteristic 2, for n at least 15. In this range, the essential dimension is the same as in characteristic not 2. In particular, it is exponential in n. This is surprising in that the essential dimension of the orthogonal groups is smaller in characteristic 2. We also find the essential dimension of Spin(n) in characteristic 2 for n at most 10., Comment: 15 pages; v2: description of finite group scheme in proof of Theorem 2.1 corrected

We propose a generalization of Ledet’s conjecture, which predicts the essential dimension of cyclic p-groups in characteristic p, for finite commutative unipotent group schemes. And we present some evidence for this conjecture and discuss some consequences.

In this paper we address the question of the traps (local minima, quasi °at regions, and saddle points with null gradient) in phase recovery method based on the minimization of a quartic functional. In particular, we focus on the key role played by the ratio between the "essential dimension of data" Mind and the number of real unknowns Nr and we illustrate how it impacts on the presence of traps in the functional to be minimized. First, we show that such functional flattens when the essential dimension of data increases; and later, with reference to two different unknown sequences, we find the minimum value of the essential dimension of data Mind such that no traps exist in the functional. In this condition, the recovery of the solution is ensured independently of the initial guess that can be chosen completely at random.

This reflections article is a comment upon Rhys Jones’ paper (in this issue) which deals with the geographies of the governance of the future. I suggest that the constant production of governmental imaginaries dealing with the future should be understood as “future work” that is an essential dimension of a broader phenomenon of “territory work” whereby processes of re-territorialization and de-territorialization come together. The active attempt to “know” and cope with the future should be understood as an essential constituent of all governing activities without which the rationality of governance would lose much of its meaning. Governance of the future, as it occurs in governmental practices and associated imaginaries that translate the future into a governable object, is an essential dimension in the ongoing remaking of territories of wealth, power and belonging. This process merits more geographical examination and commentary.

We prove that the essential dimension of central simple algebras of degree $p^{\ell m}$ and exponent $p^{m}$ over fields $F$ containing a base-field $k$ of characteristic $p$ is at least $\ell +1$ when $k$ is perfect. We do this by observing that the $p$-rank of $F$ bounds the symbol length in $\text{Br}_{p^{m}}(F)$ and that there exist indecomposable $p$-algebras of degree $p^{\ell m}$ and exponent $p^{m}$. We also prove that the symbol length of the Kato-Milne cohomology group $\text{H}_{p^{m}}^{n+1}(F)$ is bounded from above by $\binom{r}{n}$ where $r$ is the $p$-rank of the field, and provide upper and lower bounds for the essential dimension of Brauer classes of a given symbol length.

An essential dimension not only of mental life, but also of relationships, the affectivity is built socially, its conventional manifestations varying depending on the social values acknowledged within a given group.An individual relates to the world simultaneously by cognition and emotion, so that the reason/passion dichotomy which, for a long period of time, has represented a red thread in the history of Western philosophy has been revised. Emotions are not opposed to reasonable conduct, but respond to a personal logic and certain implicit social norms, being in a direct relationship with the meaning the individual gives to events.Emotions are connected to social communication, represent “a way of affiliation to a social community” (David Le Breton) and the expression of relating to a situation, interlocutors, message. In this article we insist on the idea that affectivity, emotions correspond to certain reactions of the individual to a given situation which manifest by a series of physiological and psychological changes translated into mimicry, gestures, attitudes, words expression modalities which are acquired during a learning process and by constantly relating to the other members of the social group.

The achievement of the desired goals of mathematics education research requires the participation and cooperation of the teacher; researchers must consider how this participation and cooperation can best be ensured. The issue of methodology and the involvement of teachers and other decision-makers in the research process have been only indirectly addressed by the agenda. The aspects remain critical to the eventual success of the proposed research programme and therefore require serious and urgent consideration by all those engaged in mathematics education research. The essential dimension underlying current views on the nature of the algebra curriculum is the move from an emphasis on manipulative skills to an emphasis on conceptual understanding and problem solving, that is, a move from doing algebra to using algebra. A similar comment must apply to theoretical issues related to the learning and teaching of algebra. The research itself can be informed by the data derived from the study of the alternatives it incorporates.

Heidegger’s ontology, uncovering the multidimensionality of the phenomenon of being, seems to overlook an essential dimension of it. This gap pertains to the omission of the mutual affecting of beings, which leaves traces in beings. In identifying it, I draw upon Aristotle’s concept of affecting/being affected (On Generation and Corruption, Book I), which seeks to explain the origin of alteration in beings. Referring to the Aristotelian juxtaposition of action-passion serves, however, to illustrate the above omission and is an inspiration to explore the possibility of incorporating the concept of ‘shapeability’ into the framework of Heidegger’s ontology. This dimension of being’s disclosure, located at the junction of timeliness and worldliness, will be related to shaping and being shaped by other beings. I shall show how being, understood as revealing a given being’s specificity, can be disclosed in changes resulting from the inevitable mutual changing of beings.

Communication is the basic principle and an essential dimension of Christian theology. The recent advancements in information and communications technology compel theologians and seminarians to be creative users of this new technology. Besides, theological institutes recognise the importance of integrating teaching communication-related theology courses with information and communication technology. Hence, this paper aims to analyse the potential of teaching Communication Theology to future priests using communication technology in blended learning modality. An online questionnaire was sent to theology students in Chile, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines to identify and to analyse the respondents' learning needs. Findings reveal that the student-respondents have social media accounts and are willing to participate in a blended learning course on Communication Theology. The majority of them believe that blended learning will contribute to the efficient delivery of instruction. Recommendations clarify how theological institutes can proceed and establish a blended learning course for Communication Theology.

Most prior studies regarding navigational efficiency of electronic maps mainly investigated map characteristics such as the frame of references of maps (track-up maps vs. north-up maps) and the map dimensionality (2D maps vs. 3D maps). However, relatively little research has been found regarding how user characteristics, especially a user’s cognitive style, affect the effectiveness of navigational displays. The present study examined how individuals’ field dependence-independence, as an essential dimension of cognitive styles, affects user performance in orienting and navigating tasks with 2D and 3D electronic maps. The results suggested field-independent individuals had higher mental rotation ability than field-dependent individuals. The results also indicated significant interactions between field dependence-independence and frame of reference on both orienting and navigating tasks. Field-independent (FI) individuals responded more quickly and with higher accuracy compared to field-dependent (FD) individuals when using north-up maps, but no such differences was revealed when track-up maps were used. This implication could be further utilized to improve user-centered designs of navigation displays by considering individual differences.

Inspired by gamma-band oscillations and other neurobiological discoveries, neural networks research shifts the emphasis toward temporal coding, which uses explicit times at which spikes occur as an essential dimension in neural representations. We present a feature-linking model (FLM) that uses the timing of spikes to encode information. The first spiking time of FLM is applied to image enhancement, and the processing mechanisms are consistent with the human visual system. The enhancement algorithm achieves boosting the details while preserving the information of the input image. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective.

One of the important open problems in the theory of central simple algebras is to compute the essential dimension of GLn /μm, i.e., the essential dimension of a generic division algebra of degree n and exponent dividing m. In this paper we study the essential dimension of groups of the form G = (GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr )/C , where C is a central subgroup of GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr . Equivalently, we are interested in the essential dimension of a generic r-tuple (A1, . . . , Ar) of central simple algebras such that deg(Ai) = ni and the Brauer classes of A1, . . . , Ar satisfy a system of homogeneous linear equations in the Brauer group. The equations depend on the choice of C via the error-correcting code Code(C) which we naturally associate to C. We focus on the case where n1, . . . , nr are powers of the same prime. The upper and lower bounds on ed(G) we obtain are expressed in terms of coding-theoretic parameters of Code(C), such as its weight distribution. Surprisingly, for many groups of the above form the essential dimension becomes easier to estimate when r ≥ 3; in some cases we even compute the exact value. The Appendix by Athena Nguyen contains an explicit description of the Galois cohomology of groups of the form (GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr )/C. This description and its corollaries are used throughout the paper.

In an effort to contribute to an essential dimension of Canada-EU studies, this paper looks at a particular research enclave, Southeast Europe as part of the so-called "post-communist space", where aid organizations including the EU and Canada have intervened during transitional processes towards good governance and building democratic institutions since the early 1990s. By mirroring the experiences of donors in the region, the paper argues that there is indeed scope for potential lesson-learning between Canada and the EU in terms of development cooperation, going beyond Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), acquis communautaires and in particular, the recent Canada-Europe Trade Agreement (CETA).

When I began comparing John Florio’s 1603 translation of Montaigne’s Essays to the original, I asked myself a very simple question: what doesn’t Florio translate? Now that I’ve come to the end of my enquiry, the question tends to become an exclamation: what doesn’t he translate! Not only is he at great pains to translate every word of the source text, including the quotations that Montaigne left in their original Latin (Greek, French or Italian), but he tends to overburden his translation rather than leave things out. In the eyes of several commentators, Florio’s desire to make Montaigne as comprehensible as possible to the English reader is counterproductive: by failing to do justice to his style, he exerts an albeit unwitting censorship upon an essential dimension of Montaigne’s writing. In his ‘Introduction’ to his own twentieth-century translation of the Essays, J.M. Cohen writes, ‘Though his version is considered one of the greatest Elizabethan translations, its virtues lie in the vigour of its English rather than in the truth of its rendering. Though repeatedly reprinted, Florio is far from Montaigne in the spirit, and not too accurate in the word’ (Cohen 1958, 21). Personally, I find that rather unfair, and even presumptuous, for Cohen’s translation is not without its flaws either. I’m rather of the opinion of Christophe Camard: ‘Montaigne’s style is limpid, but Florio densifies it somewhat, as if the arguments needed to be more clearly stated in English. As a result, what constitutes the charm of Montaigne’s style is often lost, even if the translation in all other respects is remarkably precise’ (2016, 94, my translation). 1 In fact, as we shall see, Florio is perfectly conscious of the losses and betrayals incident to translation, all translation. If this constitutes a form of censorship, then it is of a structural nature. The first part of this chapter will hence be devoted to Florio’s understanding of the pitfalls and inadequacies of translation.

Let k be a base field, K be a field containing k and L/K be a field extension of degree n. The essential dimension ed(L/K) over k is a numerical invariant measuring "the complexity" of L/K. Of particular interest is $\tau$(n) = max { ed(L/K) | L/K is a separable extension of degree n}, also known as the essential dimension of the symmetric group $S_n$. The exact value of $\tau$(n) is known only for n $\leq$ 7. In this paper we assume that k is a field of characteristic p > 0 and study the essential dimension of inseparable extensions L/K. Here the degree n = [L:K] is replaced by a pair (n, e) which accounts for the size of the separable and the purely inseparable parts of L/K respectively, and \tau(n) is replaced by $\tau$(n, e) = max { ed(L/K) | L/K is a field extension of type (n, e)}. The symmetric group $S_n$ is replaced by a certain group scheme $G_{n,e}$ over k. This group is neither finite nor smooth; nevertheless, computing its essential dimension turns out to be easier than computing the essential dimension of $S_n$. Our main result is a simple formula for \tau(n, e)., Comment: 18 pages

International audience; Five hundred million tweets are posted daily, making Twitter a major social media platform from which topical information on events can be extracted. These events are represented by three main dimensions: time, location and entity-related information. The focus of this paper is location, which is an essential dimension for geo-spatial applications, either when helping rescue operations during a disaster or when used for contextual recommendations. While the first type of application needs high recall, the second is more precision-oriented. This paper studies the recall/precision trade-off, combining different methods to extract locations. In the context of short posts, applying tools that have been developed for natural language is not sufficient given the nature of tweets which are generally too short to be linguistically correct. Also bearing in mind the high number of posts that need to be handled, we hypothesize that predicting whether a post contains a location or not could make the location extractors more focused and thus more effective. We introduce a model to predict whether a tweet contains a location or not and show that location prediction is a useful pre-processing step for location extraction. We define a number of new tweet features and we conduct an intensive evaluation. Our findings are that (1) combining existing location extraction tools is effective for precision-oriented or recall-oriented results, (2) enriching tweet representation is effective for predicting whether a tweet contains a location or not, (3) words appearing in a geography gazetteer and the occurrence of a preposition just before a proper noun are the two most important features for predicting the occurrence of a location in tweets, and (4) the accuracy of location extraction improves when it is possible to predict that there is a location in a tweet.

The chapter offers an account of the prehistory of Vygotsky’s theory. More concretely, the chapter provokes an engagement with the conceptual and methodological issues that arose in Vygotsky’s creative development before the emergence of cultural-historical theory. Here is analyzed the shift in Vygotsky’s world-view orientation from subjectivism to natural-scientific, objective analysis of consciousness. Having passed through reflexology and behaviorism, Vygotsky never identified himself fully with these approaches due to his humanitarian education. It is proposed that Vygotsky’s effort to transcend the divide between objectivism and subjectivism as an essential dimension of the crisis in psychology can be examined as an attempt to overcome contradictions in his own research.

Given a finite smooth group scheme $G$ over a field of characteristic $p > 0$, we show that the essential dimension of $G$ at $p$ is $0$ when $p$ does not divide the order of $G$, and $1$ when it does., 7 pages. Added a new proof of a key lemma due to a referee, and made some more minor changes. Accepted for publication in Comptes Rendus Mathematique

We characterize all fields of definition for a given coherent sheaf over a projective scheme in terms of projective modules over a finite-dimensional endomorphism algebra. This yields general results on the essential dimension of such sheaves. Applying them to vector bundles over a smooth projective curve C, we obtain an upper bound for the essential dimension of their moduli stack. The upper bound is sharp if the conjecture of Colliot-Th\'el\`ene, Karpenko and Merkurjev holds. We find that the genericity property proved for Deligne-Mumford stacks by Brosnan, Reichstein and Vistoli still holds for this Artin stack, unless the curve C is elliptic., Comment: 17 pages. v2: new counterexample to the genericity property in the elliptic curve case; the earlier Proposition 3.4 replaced by an argument which is still valid over non-perfect fields; exposition streamlined

This article assesses various advocacy practices for forcibly displaced people (FDP) through the analysis of advocacy networks, the examination of the goals that they pursue, and their ways of working. Three basic approaches, the welfare-based, the legal-based, and the capability-based approaches, are assessed. From this assessment, this study suggests the recognition of shared humanity as an entry point for advocacy, which offers a cosmopolitan understanding of rights and duties, and the most comprehensive protection for FDP. The main argument of this study is that if the demand for recognition is not heard, relief for refugees and other displaced people will lack an essential dimension. It is the demand to be recognized as human beings that engenders responsibility for forced migrants. Instead of prescribing a list of what to do, or not to do, this reflection has rather suggested a way of being and dealing with the forcibly displaced. This stance goes beyond the facility of typical responses that are known in advance.

This chapter traces disaster definitions devised by social scientists, recounting the evolution of scholarly thinking and the elements of the concept. The emphasis is on the definition of the phenomenon itself, not on enumerating the causes of, conditions for or consequences of disasters. Three collections of theory-based definitions are reviewed: the classical period, the hazards-disaster tradition, and the most recent emphasis on disasters as social phenomena. The influence of the human ecology perspective and the concepts of vulnerability and resilience are also examined. Gradually, consensus is emerging on a theory-based definition of disasters. Definitions have moved away from an agent-centered, damage-driven, uncontrollable event vision. Although agents may be proximal causes, humans “cause” virtually all disasters. Most researchers currently view social disruption as the key defining feature or essential dimension of disasters.

Let $G$ be a permutation group on a set $\Omega$. A subset of $\Omega$ is a base for $G$ if its pointwise stabilizer is trivial; the base size of $G$ is the minimal cardinality of a base. In this paper we initiate the study of bases for algebraic groups defined over an algebraically closed field. In particular, we calculate the base size for all primitive actions of simple algebraic groups, obtaining the precise value in almost all cases. We also introduce and study two new base measures, which arise naturally in this setting. We give an application concerning the essential dimension of simple algebraic groups, and we establish several new results on base sizes for the corresponding finite groups of Lie type. The latter results are an important contribution to the classical study of bases for finite primitive permutation groups. We also indicate some connections with generic stabilizers for representations of simple algebraic groups., Comment: 62 pages; to appear in J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS)

Truth is an essential dimension of psychoanalysis. Freud differentiated between material and historical truth, giving the latter a decisive role as historical truth refers to unconscious material that is only accessible by way of reconstruction. This chapter explores the notion of truncated childhood memories, which bear the mark of the silence, secrets and lies of others, as well as the potential liberating effects brought about by the revelation of a truth concealed from a subject’s history. The history of the recovered children of the Argentinian Disappeared, who were stolen and appropriated by the military between 1976 and 1983, was used as the historical context for this paper.

Today there is a robust, theoretical basis, contributed by a range of disciplines, for rooting compassion into university curricula—an essential dimension to HE’s remit to serve the public good. Central to this is how compassion has come to be introduced to be credit bearing towards degrees, for example, in terms of assessment practice for group work, seminars and tutorials, in parts of the University of Hertfordshire (UH).

In this article the$p$-essential dimension of generic symbols over fields of characteristic$p$is studied. In particular, the$p$-essential dimension of the length$\ell$generic$p$-symbol of degree$n+1$is bounded below by$n+\ell$when the base field is algebraically closed of characteristic$p$. The proof uses new techniques for working with residues in Milne–Kato$p$-cohomology and builds on work of Babic and Chernousov in the Witt group in characteristic 2. Two corollaries on$p$-symbol algebras (i.e, degree 2 symbols) result from this work. The generic$p$-symbol algebra of length$\ell$is shown to have$p$-essential dimension equal to$\ell +1$as a$p$-torsion Brauer class. The second is a lower bound of$\ell +1$on the$p$-essential dimension of the functor$\operatorname{Alg}_{p^{\ell },p}$. Roughly speaking this says that you will need at least$\ell +1$independent parameters to be able to specify any given algebra of degree$p^{\ell }$and exponent$p$over a field of characteristic$p$and improves on the previously established lower bound of 3.

This paper advances the conception of social entrepreneurs as caring entrepreneurs. We argue that the care ethics of social entrepreneurs, implying the pursuit of caring goals through caring processes, can be challenged when they engage in the process of scaling up their ventures. We propose that social entrepreneurs can sustain their care ethics as the essential dimension of their venture only if they are able to build a caring enterprise. Organizational care designates the set of organizing principles that facilitate the embedding of care ethics at an organizational level, beyond the imprinting induced by social entrepreneurs’ personal ethics.

This article highlights a neglected, if not wholly overlooked, topic in phenomenology, a topic central to Husserl’s writings on animate organism, namely, animation. Though Husserl did not explore animation to the fullest in his descriptions of animate organism, his texts are integral to the task of fathoming animation. The article’s introduction focuses on seminal aspects of animate organisms found within several such texts and elaborates their significance for a phenomenological understanding of animation. The article furthermore highlights Husserl’s pointed recognition of “the problem of movement,” movement being an essential dimension of animation if not definitive of animation itself. Succeeding sections testify to “the problem of movement” and the need to address it. They do so by answering the following basic questions: What indeed is livingly present in the experience of movement, whether our own movement and the movement of other animate beings, or the movement of leaves, clouds, and so on? What distinguishes kinesthetic from kinetic experiences of movement? How are movement and time related? Just what is the problem of movement and how do we address it? In what way is movement pertinent to receptivity and responsivity? Throughout these sections the article encompasses phenomenological analyses, elaborations, and implications of animation.

This paper shows that the number of independent parameters required to describe an Albert algebra up to isomorphism is at most seven. In other words, the essential dimension of the split group of type F 4 over a field of characteristic not 2 or 3 satisfies ed(F 4 )≤7 . This is achieved by reducing the structural group from the full 52-dimensional automorphism group to a subgroup of dimension 10, and exhibiting an eighteen-dimensional generically free linear representation that remains generically free once projectivized.

We conclude the computation of the essential dimension of split spinor groups, and an application to algebraic theory of quadratic forms is given. We also compute essential dimension of the split even Clifford group or, equivalently, of the class of quadratic forms with trivial discriminant and Clifford invariant.