227 results on '"Erythema microbiology"'
Search Results
52. [Painful peri anal erythema].
- Author
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Elfatoiki FZ and Hali F
- Subjects
- Anal Canal, Child, Preschool, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Pain etiology, Streptococcal Infections complications, Streptococcal Infections diagnosis, Streptococcus pyogenes
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Acute rheumatic fever and streptococci: the quintessential pathogenic trigger of autoimmunity.
- Author
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Chakravarty SD, Zabriskie JB, and Gibofsky A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis complications, Arthritis microbiology, Autoimmunity immunology, Chorea complications, Chorea microbiology, Erythema complications, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Inflammation, Microbiota, Myocarditis complications, Myocarditis microbiology, Pharyngitis complications, Pharyngitis microbiology, Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatic Heart Disease complications, Rheumatic Heart Disease microbiology, Autoimmune Diseases immunology, Autoimmune Diseases microbiology, Rheumatic Fever immunology, Rheumatic Fever microbiology, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes pathogenicity
- Abstract
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a non-suppurative complication of pharyngeal infection with group A streptococcus. Signs and symptoms of ARF develop 2 to 3 weeks following pharyngitis and include arthritis, carditis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, and erythema marginatum. In developing areas of the world, ARF and rheumatic heart disease are estimated to affect nearly 20 million people and remain leading causes of cardiovascular death during the first five decades of life. ARF still represents one of the quintessential examples of a pathogenic trigger culminating in autoimmune manifestations. In this review, we will focus on the pathogenesis and etiology of ARF and its complications, along with diagnostic and treatment approaches to both ameliorate and prevent long-term sequelae of this potentially debilitating disease.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. The aetiology, histopathology, and ultrastructural features of perianal erythema (red anus syndrome) in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).
- Author
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Tamam OA
- Subjects
- Anal Canal pathology, Anguilla microbiology, Animals, Anus Diseases microbiology, Anus Diseases parasitology, Erythema microbiology, Erythema parasitology, Fish Diseases microbiology, Fish Diseases parasitology, Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology, Gastrointestinal Tract parasitology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal microbiology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal parasitology, Pseudomonas Infections parasitology, Pseudomonas Infections pathology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Anguilla parasitology, Anus Diseases veterinary, Erythema veterinary, Fish Diseases pathology, Parasitic Diseases, Animal pathology, Pseudomonas Infections veterinary
- Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. Red anus syndrome (RAS) is known to be associated with parasitic infections of the eel, particularly with Anguillicola crassus, but the full range of causative pathogenic organisms has not been systematically investigated. Here we examined the infective organisms and histopathological and ultrastructural features of seventy eels with RAS. In total, nine different pathogens were detected in association with RAS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present in twelve specimens (17%), the metacercaria of Euclinostromum heterostomum in three cases (4%), Gastrostome (Bucephalidae family) in seven cases (10%), A. crassus in forty-five cases (64%), Bothriocephalus in seventeen cases (24%), and Proteocephalus in twenty-three cases (32%). Yeast, amoeba, and myxobolus-like pathogens were seen in the anal skin in all cases when examined in combination with electron microscopy. Histopathologically, the lesions appeared as anoproctitis of varying severity from mild anusitis to severe haemorrhagic anoproctitis, with severe perianal oedema, haemorrhage, and proctoptosis. Gut inflammation ranged from mild catarrhal enteritis to severe haemorrhagic enteritis with mucosal sloughing. RAS is associated with a range of parasitic infections, not only A. crassus, some of which we describe here for the first time. Since RAS is not associated with direct invasion by parasites, it is likely that RAS is a secondary phenomenon caused by superadded infection on a background of generalised immunosuppression, or indirect local toxic effects. RAS may be used as a non-invasive indicator of underlying parasitic infection, but further investigations are required to establish the causative organisms for effective fishery management.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Novel presentation of lepromatous leprosy in an erythema gyratum repens-like pattern.
- Author
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Mohanan S, Devi AS, Kumari R, Thappa DM, and Ganesh RN
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Hypesthesia microbiology, Leprosy, Lepromatous microbiology, Male, Middle Aged, Paresthesia microbiology, Erythema pathology, Leprosy, Lepromatous pathology, Skin pathology
- Abstract
Objectives: Leprosy can have diverse cutaneous and occasionally perplexing presentations. We report an unusual case of lepromatous leprosy (LL) with annular lesions resembling erythema gyratum repens., Report: A 55-year-old man presented with a symmetrical, hypopigmented, and erythematous rash of bizarre appearance over the lateral aspect of the upper arm, and anterior and posterior aspects of the trunk of two months' duration. He gave a history of self-resolving episodes of bilateral pedal edema, and numbness and pricking sensations in both the hands and feet, which had occurred intermittently over the previous six years. An ulcer measuring 2 cm in size was present over the adjacent surface of the right first and second toes. The bilateral ulnar and radial cutaneous nerves were symmetrically thickened., Results: Slit-skin smears revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli. Skin biopsy from the trunk showed collections of histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the dermis and around the blood vessels. The patient was diagnosed with LL and started on multibacillary multi-drug therapy., Conclusions: Lepromatous leprosy can have varied clinical manifestations and is often a great imitator. However, the skin smear positivity, even in normal skin, symmetrical cutaneous and peripheral nerve involvement, and histopathology in the present patient were indicative of LL. This report highlights a rare presentation of leprosy. Clinicians should be aware of these rare manifestations as lepromatous cases still occur in certain regions., (© 2013 The International Society of Dermatology.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. [Unusual presentation of a severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: report of 2 cases].
- Author
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Prunier-Duparge J, Desrumaux A, Debillon T, Bost-Bru C, Jannel C, Gayot A, and Wroblewski I
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Erythema microbiology, Female, Fever microbiology, Humans, Infant, Josamycin therapeutic use, Male, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain blood, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma drug therapy, Sepsis drug therapy, Severity of Illness Index, Tachycardia etiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Sepsis microbiology
- Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumonia is responsible for multisystemic infection. Pulmonary symptoms are most common in children. We describe herein two unusual severe forms of M. pneumoniae infection without initial pulmonary symptoms. The first case is an 8-month-old boy who was hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit with severe sepsis. There were no initial pulmonary symptoms, nor obvious clinical infection. Initial blood tests and x-ray did not aid the diagnosis. The blood tests came back positive for M. pneumonia. Pulmonary symptoms eventually appeared 24h later, and there was a pneumonia outbreak on the chest radiograph. The boy was given josamycin and improved quickly. The second case concerns an 8-year-old child who was hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit with toxic shock. No clinical infectious origin was found. A broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was started with ceftriaxone and josamycin. The M. pneumoniae blood test came back positive, which confirmed the diagnosis of septic shock in M. pneumoniae, requiring adjustment of the antibiotic therapy. Current guidelines for the choice of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in case of severe sepsis do not include the case of M. pneumoniae. The early initiation of antibiotic therapy plays a major role in the prognosis of these patients. It seems useful to search for M. pneumoniae in cases of severe atypical infections, particularly in the absence of pulmonary symptoms., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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57. [Iliofemoral cutaneous mucormycosis with endopelvic extension in an immunocompetent child].
- Author
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Elguazzar S, Benouachane T, Nasri A, Malihy A, Tligui H, and Bentahila A
- Subjects
- Amphotericin B therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Child, Dermatomycoses diagnosis, Dermatomycoses drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Granuloma pathology, Groin, Humans, Itraconazole therapeutic use, Lymphedema microbiology, Male, Mucormycosis drug therapy, Pruritus microbiology, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Immunocompetence, Mucormycosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection with clinical polymorphism and is rapidly extensive and destructive. It is caused by fungi of the mucorales group in the environment and generally arises in the context of immunosuppression. Often difficult and late, diagnosis is based on mycological and histological examination. We report the case of a 10-year-old patient admitted for a pruritic erythematous scaly eruption located in the right inguinal area associated with satellite lymphadenopathy and lymphedema of the right lower limb. The histological study of the cutaneous biopsy revealed a granulomatous reaction with filaments. The mycological examination of the collection of the cutaneous lesion showed mucorales filaments and a stump of Absidia corymbifera was isolated. Abdomino-pelvic CT showed muscular extension with vascular and ureteral englobement. The diagnosis of cutaneous mucormycosis was made. Immunological investigations were normal. Treatment included itraconazole for 3months followed by IV amphotericin B for 1month, with favorable clinical and radiological progression. Mucormycosis is an uncommon fungal infection whose cutaneous localization is rare. It occurs exceptionally in immunocompetent patients and is clinically manifested by a vesicular and pustular rash progressing to ulceration. The diagnosis is confirmed by mycological and histological studies. Treatment consists of antifungal therapy associated with surgical excision of necrotic and infected tissue., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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58. Erythema annulare centrifugum as the presenting sign of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in a newborn.
- Author
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Kavurt S, Aydemir O, Celik U, Bas AY, and Demirel N
- Subjects
- Erythema pathology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases microbiology, Pseudomonas Infections complications, Sepsis complications, Erythema microbiology, Infant, Premature, Diseases diagnosis, Pseudomonas Infections diagnosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Sepsis diagnosis
- Abstract
We report a case of erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) with neonatal onset. The patient presented on the fourth day of life with erythematous papules that enlarged centrifugally to form annular or policyclic plaques on anterior surface of trunk and legs without signs of systemic toxicity. Subsequently, she developed sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation and died on the sixth day of life. Blood culture grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The coexistence of P. aeruginosa sepsis with the clinical appearance of erythema annulare centrifugum strongly suggests a pathogenetic effect of the microorganism on the skin eruption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of EAC with P. aeruginosa sepsis in a newborn.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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59. Souvenir from South Africa.
- Author
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Antal AS, Flaig MJ, Schneck C, Thoma B, and Herzinger T
- Subjects
- Bites and Stings microbiology, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Fever microbiology, Humans, Lymphatic Diseases drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Rickettsia Infections drug therapy, South Africa, Travel, Lymphatic Diseases microbiology, Rickettsia Infections diagnosis, Rickettsia rickettsii isolation & purification
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Cutaneous manifestations of Helicobacter cinaedi infection.
- Author
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Shimizu S, Inokuma D, Watanabe M, Sakai T, Yamamoto S, Tsuchiya K, and Shimizu H
- Subjects
- Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cellulitis drug therapy, Cellulitis microbiology, Cross Infection drug therapy, Cross Infection microbiology, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Female, Helicobacter classification, Helicobacter drug effects, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Skin drug effects, Skin microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Cellulitis pathology, Cross Infection pathology, Erythema pathology, Helicobacter isolation & purification, Helicobacter Infections pathology, Skin pathology
- Abstract
Helicobacter cinaedi causes gastroenteritis and bacter-aemia, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Although cellulitis is sometimes reported to accompany infection by this pathogen, the cutaneous manifestations are poorly understood. To clarify the characteristic cutaneous features, 47 cases of H. cinaedi bacteraemia experienced at Sapporo City General Hospital as nosocomial infection were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty-four percent (16 cases) of the patients showed cutaneous lesions. They all had sudden onset of erythemas accompanied by high temperature. The most common cutaneous manifestations were found to be superficial cellulitis, which results in painful erythemas or infiltrated erythematous plaques on the extremities. These skin lesions can be an early clinical indicator of H. cinaedi bacteraemia in the setting of nosocomial infection.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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61. [Red lower limb].
- Author
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Marie J, Osorio Perez F, Saint Lezer A, Legrain Lifermann V, and Lifermann F
- Subjects
- Acrodermatitis drug therapy, Acrodermatitis microbiology, Atrophy, Chronic Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Leg microbiology, Leg Dermatoses drug therapy, Leg Dermatoses microbiology, Lyme Disease complications, Lyme Disease drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Acrodermatitis pathology, Erythema pathology, Leg pathology, Leg Dermatoses pathology, Lyme Disease pathology
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Rosacea-like tinea incognito due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes vr. mentagrophytes.
- Author
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Calcaterra R, Fazio R, Mirisola C, and Baggi L
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Diagnosis, Differential, Erythema microbiology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Naphthalenes administration & dosage, Rosacea diagnosis, Terbinafine, Trichophyton isolation & purification, Tinea diagnosis, Tinea microbiology
- Published
- 2013
63. Isoconazole nitrate vs isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate in the treatment of tinea inguinalis: results of a multicenter retrospective study.
- Author
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Veraldi S, Persico MC, and Schianchi R
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents adverse effects, Diflucortolone administration & dosage, Diflucortolone adverse effects, Diflucortolone therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Male, Miconazole administration & dosage, Miconazole adverse effects, Miconazole therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Pruritus drug therapy, Pruritus microbiology, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Tinea microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Diflucortolone analogs & derivatives, Miconazole analogs & derivatives, Tinea drug therapy
- Abstract
Background and Objective: Many tinea inguinalis infections are characterized by pronounced inflammatory lesions and pruritus. Therefore, a therapy with a topical corticosteroid in addition to a topical antimycotic agent might be beneficial. In this multicenter, retrospective study, we compared the mycological and clinical efficacy and tolerability of isoconazole nitrate alone vs isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate in 58 adult patients with tinea inguinalis., Patients and Methods: Treatment duration was three weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was based on the assessment of several signs and symptoms, which were collected on a 4-point scale. All patients were examined clinically before the beginning of the treatment, one week later, two weeks later, and at the end of the treatment. Mycological examinations were performed before the beginning of the treatment and at the end of the study., Results: Treatment results with the combination of isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate were superior regarding erythema and pruritus. Both erythema and pruritus resolved in a larger percentage of patients and more quickly. Both regimens were well tolerated. Mycological cure rates were similar in both groups of patients., Conclusions: Combination therapy with isoconazole nitrate and diflucortolone valerate is an effective and well-tolerated regimen in adult patients with tinea inguinalis.
- Published
- 2012
64. An erythematous ear.
- Author
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Lofgren S and Krol A
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Ear, External pathology, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Lyme Disease complications, Pseudolymphoma microbiology, Pseudolymphoma pathology
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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65. Generalized, crusted erythematous plaques in a child.
- Author
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Du W, Sun Q, and Ma D
- Subjects
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous complications, Child, Coinfection pathology, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Erythema virology, Humans, Male, Skin Diseases pathology, Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous pathology, Herpes Zoster complications, Herpes Zoster pathology, Skin Diseases microbiology, Skin Diseases virology
- Published
- 2012
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66. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting as bullous papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome: novel association and review of the literature.
- Author
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Pemira SM and Tolan RW Jr
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Blister microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Foot Dermatoses microbiology, Hand Dermatoses microbiology, Humans, Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma complications, Syndrome, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis
- Abstract
Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) is a self-limited, often febrile illness with symmetric edema and erythema of the hands and feet; papular, petechial, and purpuric acral dermatosis; and mucosal lesions in children and young adults. Most of the cases of PPGSS have been reported to be caused by parvovirus B19 and other viruses. This study describes a case resulting from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an adolescent male and reviews the literature.
- Published
- 2011
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67. Annular lesions in a 70-year-old Austrian man.
- Author
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Reiter H, Justich A, and Massone C
- Subjects
- Aged, Austria, Biopsy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema pathology, Humans, Leprostatic Agents therapeutic use, Leprosy, Lepromatous complications, Leprosy, Lepromatous drug therapy, Leprosy, Lepromatous pathology, Male, Skin pathology, Treatment Outcome, Erythema microbiology, Leprosy, Lepromatous microbiology, Mycobacterium leprae isolation & purification, Skin microbiology
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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68. Erythema migrans in Lyme disease.
- Author
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Wetter DA and Ruff CA
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema pathology, Humans, Lyme Disease drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Necrosis microbiology, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous drug therapy, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous pathology, Thigh, Erythema microbiology, Lyme Disease diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous microbiology
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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69. Borrelia burgdorferi RST1 (OspC type A) genotype is associated with greater inflammation and more severe Lyme disease.
- Author
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Strle K, Jones KL, Drouin EE, Li X, and Steere AC
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Borrelia burgdorferi drug effects, Borrelia burgdorferi isolation & purification, Chemokines blood, Chemokines metabolism, Drug Resistance, Bacterial drug effects, Erythema blood, Erythema complications, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Humans, Inflammation blood, Inflammation pathology, Joints drug effects, Joints pathology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear microbiology, Lyme Disease blood, Lyme Disease drug therapy, Lyme Disease pathology, Macrophage Activation drug effects, Macrophage Activation immunology, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages microbiology, Synovial Fluid drug effects, Synovial Fluid metabolism, Borrelia burgdorferi genetics, Inflammation complications, Inflammation microbiology, Lyme Disease complications, Lyme Disease microbiology
- Abstract
Evidence is emerging for differential pathogenicity among Borrelia burgdorferi genotypes in the United States. By using two linked genotyping systems, ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer type (RST) and outer surface protein C (OspC), we studied the inflammatory potential of B. burgdorferi genotypes in cells and patients with erythema migrans or Lyme arthritis. When macrophages were stimulated with 10 isolates of each RST1, RST2, or RST3 strain, RST1 (OspC type A)-stimulated cells expressed significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, chemokine ligand (CCL) 3, CCL4, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-1β, factors associated with innate immune responses. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, RST1 strains again stimulated significantly higher levels of these mediators. Moreover, compared with RST2, RST1 isolates induced significantly more interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, and CXCL10, which are needed for adaptive immune responses; however, OspC type I (RST3) approached RST1 (OspC type A) in stimulating these adaptive immune mediators. Similarly, serum samples from patients with erythema migrans who were infected with the RST1 genotype had significantly higher levels of almost all of these mediators, including exceptionally high levels of IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10; and this pronounced inflammatory response was associated with more symptomatic infection. Differences among genotypes were not as great in patients with Lyme arthritis, but those infected with RST1 strains more often had antibiotic-refractory arthritis. Thus, the B. burgdorferi RST1 (OspC type A) genotype, followed by the RST3 (OspC type I) genotype, causes greater inflammation and more severe disease, establishing a link between spirochetal virulence and host inflammation., (Copyright © 2011 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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70. Targeted gene deletion and in vivo analysis of putative virulence gene function in the pathogenic dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae.
- Author
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Grumbt M, Defaweux V, Mignon B, Monod M, Burmester A, Wöstemeyer J, and Staib P
- Subjects
- Alopecia microbiology, Animals, Arthrodermataceae enzymology, Arthrodermataceae genetics, Erythema microbiology, Female, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Guinea Pigs, Hair microbiology, Hair Follicle microbiology, Hair Follicle pathology, Humans, Malate Synthase genetics, Malate Synthase metabolism, Male, Recombinases metabolism, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Skin, Artificial microbiology, Arthrodermataceae pathogenicity, Dermatomycoses microbiology, Fungal Proteins genetics, Gene Deletion, Recombinases genetics, Virulence Factors genetics
- Abstract
Dermatophytes cause the majority of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. However, little is known about the pathogenicity of this specialized group of filamentous fungi, for which molecular research has been limited thus far. During experimental infection of guinea pigs by the human pathogenic dermatophyte Arthroderma benhamiae, we recently detected the activation of the fungal gene encoding malate synthase AcuE, a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle. By the establishment of the first genetic system for A. benhamiae, specific ΔacuE mutants were constructed in a wild-type strain and, in addition, in a derivative in which we inactivated the nonhomologous end-joining pathway by deletion of the A. benhamiae KU70 gene. The absence of AbenKU70 resulted in an increased frequency of the targeted insertion of linear DNA by homologous recombination, without notably altering the monitored in vitro growth abilities of the fungus or its virulence in a guinea pig infection model. Phenotypic analyses of ΔacuE mutants and complemented strains depicted that malate synthase is required for the growth of A. benhamiae on lipids, major constituents of the skin. However, mutant analysis did not reveal a pathogenic role of the A. benhamiae enzyme in guinea pig dermatophytosis or during epidermal invasion of the fungus in an in vitro model of reconstituted human epidermis. The presented efficient system for targeted genetic manipulation in A. benhamiae, paired with the analyzed infection models, will advance the functional characterization of putative virulence determinants in medically important dermatophytes.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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71. Pustular erythema toxicum neonatorum in two siblings born to a mother with group B streptococcus colonization.
- Author
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Yamasaki O, Manabe K, Morimoto A, and Iwatsuki K
- Subjects
- Adult, Erythema immunology, Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Skin microbiology, Skin pathology, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous immunology, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous pathology, Streptococcal Infections immunology, Vagina microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous microbiology, Streptococcal Infections pathology, Streptococcus agalactiae
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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72. Leg swelling, erythema, and bullae in a 6-year-old girl with chronic lymphatic insufficiency.
- Author
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Turrentine JE, Brown AJ, and Davis LS
- Subjects
- Child, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Edema microbiology, Erysipelas complications, Erythema microbiology, Leg, Lymphatic Diseases complications
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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73. [Cutaneous manifestations of the late stage of Lyme's disease].
- Author
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Nafeev AA, Vinogradova IB, Tishina LV, and Ladanova RK
- Subjects
- Adult, Borrelia isolation & purification, Erythema diagnosis, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease pathology, Panniculitis pathology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial pathology, Lyme Disease complications, Lyme Disease diagnosis, Panniculitis diagnosis, Panniculitis microbiology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Bacterial etiology
- Abstract
A case of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis is described characterized by a rare form of skin lesion (panniculitis) that made difficult definitive diagnosis.
- Published
- 2011
74. Erythema caused by a localised skin infection with Arthrobacter mysorens.
- Author
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Imirzalioglu C, Hain T, Hossain H, Chakraborty T, and Domann E
- Subjects
- Arthrobacter genetics, Child, Erythema microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Humans, Male, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Skin Diseases, Infectious microbiology, Arthrobacter isolation & purification, Erythema diagnosis, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Infectious diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Skin erythemas of unknown origin are a frequent reason for consulting the general practitioner or dermatologist., Case Presentation: Here we report a case of an erythema resembling the erythema migrans manifestation of Lyme disease, but with atypical symptoms like persistent pruritus. The patient had no history of a recent tick-bite but displayed a positive serology for an advanced stage of Lyme borreliosis, which stood in contrast to the clinical manifestation of erythema migrans as a symptom of early Lyme disease. Three skin swabs and soil samples, collected in the area where the patient possibly acquired the infection, were examined by bacterial and fungal culture methods. Microorganisms were identified by using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics. The patient and soil isolates were compared by employing RAPD analysis. The serum samples of the patient were examined by immunoblotting. Arthrobacter mysorens, a soil bacterium, was isolated from the collected skin and soil samples. The identity of both isolates was determined by molecular fingerprinting methods. A. mysorens was proven to be causative for the erythema by direct isolation from the affected skin and a positive serology, thus explaining the atypical appearance of the erythema compared to erythema migrans caused by Borrelia infection., Conclusions: Infections with A. mysorens might be underreported and microbiological diagnostic techniques should be applied in cases of patients with unclear erythemas, resembling erythema migrans, without a history of tick bites.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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75. Effect of serine-type protease of Candida spp. isolated from linear gingival erythema of HIV-positive children: critical factors in the colonization.
- Author
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Portela MB, Souza IP, Abreu CM, Bertolini M, Holandino C, Alviano CS, Santos AL, and Soares RM
- Subjects
- Candida classification, Candida isolation & purification, Candidiasis, Oral microbiology, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Coculture Techniques, Epithelial Cells cytology, Epithelial Cells microbiology, Erythema etiology, Erythema microbiology, Female, Gingival Diseases etiology, HIV Infections microbiology, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Male, Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride pharmacology, Serine Proteases drug effects, Serine Proteases isolation & purification, Serine Proteinase Inhibitors pharmacology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Candida enzymology, Candidiasis, Oral complications, Gingival Diseases microbiology, HIV Infections complications, Serine Proteases metabolism
- Abstract
Background: There are several kinds of oral soft tissue lesions that are common manifestations observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children; for example, linear gingival erythema (LGE) that is a distinctive fiery red band along the margin of the gingivae. The etiology and pathogenesis of LGE are questionable, but a candidal origin has been suggested. Proteases are key virulence attributes produced by a variety of pathogenic fungi, including Candida. The objective of the present study is to identify the protease production in Candida species including, C. albicans (n=5), C. dubliniensis (n=1) and C. tropicalis (n=1), isolated directly from typical LGE lesions observed in six HIV-positive children, and also to test the effect of a serine protease inhibitor on the interaction of Candida spp. and epithelial cells in vitro., Methods: The ability of Candida strains to release proteases in the culture supernatant fluids was visualized by gelatin-SDS-PAGE. Gel strips containing 30-fold concentrated supernatant (1.5×10(8) yeasts) were incubated at 37°C for 48 h in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 5.5. The concentrated supernatants were also incubated with fibronectin, laminin, immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. The effect of serine protease inhibitor on the interaction of Candida spp. and epithelial cells (MA 104) was measured after pre-treatment of fungi with the inhibitor (phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, PMSF)., Results: All the extracellular proteases were completely inhibited by PMSF, identifying these activities as serine-type proteases. Interestingly, a common 62-kDa serine protease was observed in all Candida strains. The culture supernatants, rich in serine protease activities, cleaved several soluble proteinaceous substrates. Additionally, we demonstrated that pre-treatment of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis with PMSF diminished the interaction with epithelial cells., Conclusions: Collectively, our results show that Candida spp. isolated from LGE lesions produced and secreted serine proteases and these enzymes may be involved in the initial colonization events., (© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)
- Published
- 2010
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76. Bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis: an unusual case.
- Author
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Mehanna P and Goddard R
- Subjects
- Abscess etiology, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Drainage, Erythema microbiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Neck microbiology, Recurrence, Suppuration, Bone Density Conservation Agents adverse effects, Diphosphonates adverse effects, Mandibular Diseases chemically induced, Osteonecrosis chemically induced
- Abstract
The management of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (bisphosphonate associated ONJ) is emerging as a significant problem in the field of dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. We present a case of a 55-year-old female taking oral bisphosphonates, steroids and immunosuppressant agents presenting with a life-threatening neck swelling. We discuss management options, as well as recent guidelines for treatment.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Coincidental double erythema caused by Vibrio vulnificus.
- Author
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Taguchi T, Mizobuchi M, and Terada Y
- Subjects
- Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Lower Extremity microbiology, Lower Extremity pathology, Middle Aged, Vibrio Infections pathology, Erythema microbiology, Vibrio Infections diagnosis, Vibrio vulnificus isolation & purification
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. [Nocardiosis in immunocompromised host presenting as cellulitis].
- Author
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Asgeirsson H and Sigurdardottir B
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Cellulitis drug therapy, Cellulitis immunology, Cellulitis pathology, Edema microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Hand, Humans, Male, Nocardia isolation & purification, Nocardia Infections drug therapy, Nocardia Infections immunology, Nocardia Infections pathology, Opportunistic Infections drug therapy, Opportunistic Infections immunology, Opportunistic Infections pathology, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination therapeutic use, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms immunology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms secondary, Cellulitis microbiology, Glucocorticoids adverse effects, Immunocompromised Host, Nocardia Infections microbiology, Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Nocardia is a rare pathogen of mainly immunocomprised patients. Only two cases of nocardiosis have previously been identified in Iceland., Case Description: A 92-year-old male on glucocorticoid therapy with metastatic bladder cancer presented with two weeks history of progressive swelling and erythema of the hand and deteriorating cognitive functioning. A brain lesion and pulmonary nodules were identified and Nocardia farcinia was cultured from a hand abscess. The patient was initially treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole but because of rapid deterioration and old age an end-of-life decision was made., Conclusion: This case of nocardiosis illustrates the importance of uncommon opportunistic infections in immunocompromised Icelandic patients.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. [A short journey through spirochetal infections].
- Author
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Giulieri S and Tissot F
- Subjects
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Adult, Aged, Animals, Bites and Stings complications, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rats, Spirochaetales Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
Spirochetal infections present with a variety of clinical syndromes and epidemiologic features. Diagnosis remains challenging for the clinician because of the often protean clinical presentation and poor performance of stan-dard microbiological tests. We present 3 clinical cases, illustrating interesting or unusual features of these infections. First, we present a case of leptospirosis acquired in Switzerland after a rat bite. We then present a case of early disseminated Lyme disease with multiple erythema migrans, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and liver enzyme elevation. Finally, we present a case of secondary syphilis in an HIV-positive man, complicated by sensorineural deafness. For each case we highlight and discuss the specific epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features.
- Published
- 2010
80. Species-specific antigenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins tested by delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
- Author
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Hanif SN, Al-Attiyah R, and Mustafa AS
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, BCG Vaccine immunology, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Erythema immunology, Erythema microbiology, Female, Guinea Pigs, Hypersensitivity, Delayed microbiology, Mycobacterium avium immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Species Specificity, Tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis microbiology, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic potential of four Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens encoded by M. tuberculosis-specific region of difference 1 (RD1) region genes (PE35, PPE68, culture filtrate protein 10 [CFP-10], early secreted antigenic target-6 [ESAT-6]) and RD9 region gene Rv3619c, for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in guinea pigs., Design: Recombinant M. tuberculosis proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography. Guinea pigs were injected with heat-killed M. tuberculosis and live bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), M. avium and M. vaccae. Two to four weeks later, the guinea pigs were challenged intradermally in the flank region with mycobacterial sonicates and purified recombinant proteins. The DTH responses were quantitated by measuring erythema at injection sites after 24 h., Results: All mycobacterial sonicates induced positive DTH responses in guinea pigs injected with M. tuberculosis, M. bovis BCG, M. avium and M. vaccae. Purified proteins PE35, PPE68, CFP10 and ESAT-6 elicited positive DTH responses in the M. tuberculosis-injected group but not in BCG-, M. avium- and M. vaccae-injected guinea pigs, whereas Rv3619c elicited positive DTH responses in the M. tuberculosis- and BCG-injected groups, but not in the M. avium- and M. vaccae-injected guinea pigs., Conclusion: The recombinant RD1 antigens induced M. tuberculosis-specific DTH responses. These antigens may therefore be useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2010
81. Dermacentor-borne Necrosis Erythema and Lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL): A case associated with Rickettsia rioja.
- Author
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Pérez-Pérez L, Portillo A, Allegue F, Zulaica A, Oteo JA, Caeiro JL, and Fabeiro JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Lymphatic Diseases drug therapy, Middle Aged, Necrosis, Rickettsia Infections drug therapy, Rickettsia Infections pathology, Rickettsia Infections transmission, Tick-Borne Diseases drug therapy, Tick-Borne Diseases pathology, Tick-Borne Diseases transmission, Treatment Outcome, Dermacentor microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Lymphatic Diseases microbiology, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Rickettsia Infections microbiology, Tick-Borne Diseases microbiology
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. Reactive erythema secondary to adult T-cell leukemia and Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia.
- Author
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Ueda T, Nakayama A, Endo K, Tanamura I, Kurokami A, and Sakemi H
- Subjects
- Aged, Bacteremia microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell microbiology, Male, Bacteremia pathology, Erythema etiology, Helicobacter Infections pathology, Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell pathology
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. [Erythematous-edematous lesions of the face and limbs].
- Author
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Ouidan Y, Zizi N, Meknassi I, Senouci K, Mansouri F, Hassam B, and Benzekri L
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Edema microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Leprosy, Borderline diagnosis
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. [Erythematous type scaly papule on the abdomen: chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi].
- Author
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El Euch D, Mokni M, Haouet S, Trojjet S, Zitouna M, and Ben Osman A
- Subjects
- Abdomen, Adult, Ascomycota pathogenicity, Chromoblastomycosis pathology, Chromoblastomycosis therapy, Humans, Male, Ascomycota isolation & purification, Chromoblastomycosis microbiology, Erythema microbiology
- Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous saprophytic moulds. We report a case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi observed in man from the Baja region of Tunis. He presented since one year an erythemato-squamous atrophic plaque localised at the abdomen area. Clinical remission was obtained after cryotherapy and terbinafine.
- Published
- 2010
85. Nonpruritic erythematous plaques.
- Author
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Becker L, Kowalewski C, and Martin JM 4th
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Armadillos, Biopsy, Clofazimine therapeutic use, Dapsone therapeutic use, Diagnosis, Differential, Drug Therapy, Combination, Erythema microbiology, Hand Dermatoses microbiology, Humans, Leprostatic Agents therapeutic use, Leprosy, Multibacillary drug therapy, Leprosy, Multibacillary transmission, Male, Rifampin therapeutic use, Skin pathology, Zoonoses, Leprosy, Multibacillary diagnosis
- Abstract
A 43-year-old man visiting Texas from Hawaii sought care at our dermatology clinic for nonpruritic erythematous plaques on his chest, back, and extremities. The patient reported occasional numbness in his fingers and feet, but denied constitutional symptoms. The patient, who'd had these symptoms for a year, had been previously diagnosed with chronic urticaria and treated with oral antihistamines. He reported that the lesions were never particularly pruritic and he had not responded to previous treatments. An avid outdoorsman, our patient was born and raised in Texas and had been living in Hawaii. His past medical history was significant for severe hand eczema and when asked about medications he was taking, he listed cetirizine, doxepin, and hydroxyzine. On physical examination the patient had multiple pink to red, nonscaly to minimally scaly flat plaques on his forehead, chest, proximal upper extremities, lower back, and distal lower extremities. A 4-mm punch biopsy was taken from a lesion on his lower back and sent for histologic evaluation. The patient's erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rapid plasma reagin, and complete blood count were all within normal limits. What is your diagnosis? How would you treat this patient?
- Published
- 2009
86. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in patients with early Lyme borreliosis, erythema migrans, in north-eastern Poland.
- Author
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Grzeszczuk A, Puzanowska B, and Zirako S
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Comorbidity, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Ehrlichiosis pathology, Erythema microbiology, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Poland epidemiology, Prevalence, Anaplasma phagocytophilum isolation & purification, Ehrlichiosis epidemiology, Lyme Disease complications
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Erythematous plaque and shallow ulcers on right arm and forearm.
- Author
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Jeunon T, Fantin-Ribeiro A, Jeunon-Sousa MA, de Oliveira JC, and Maciel Lde L
- Subjects
- Aged, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Dermatitis drug therapy, Dermatitis microbiology, Dermatitis pathology, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema pathology, Female, Forearm, Humans, Infections drug therapy, Itraconazole therapeutic use, Skin Ulcer drug therapy, Skin Ulcer pathology, Erythema microbiology, Infections pathology, Prototheca, Skin Ulcer microbiology
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Extensive sino-orbital zygomycosis after heart transplantation: a case report.
- Author
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Chitsaz S, Bagheri J, Mandegar MH, Rayatzadeh H, Razavi J, and Azadi L
- Subjects
- Adult, Amphotericin B therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Blood Transfusion, Brain diagnostic imaging, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Erythema microbiology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mucormycosis diagnostic imaging, Mucormycosis drug therapy, Mucormycosis pathology, Rhinitis diagnostic imaging, Rhinitis drug therapy, Rhinitis pathology, Risk Factors, Tissue Donors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Treatment Outcome, Zygomycosis diagnostic imaging, Zygomycosis drug therapy, Zygomycosis pathology, Heart Transplantation adverse effects, Mucormycosis diagnosis, Rhinitis microbiology, Zygomycosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Zygomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection mainly affecting patients with diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency, and malignancies. The majority of cases in which it has been reported as a posttransplantation complication have been after renal or liver transplantation. There are few instances of rhino-sinusitis and orbital mucormycosis complicating heart transplantation., Case Report: A 38-year-old diabetic man who had undergone heart transplantation returned to the transplantation follow-up clinic 20 days after a successful operation with unilateral periorbital swelling, nasal discharge, and multiple cranial nerve dysfunctions. Multidisciplinary investigations resulted in detection of mucormycosis in the paranasal sinuses and the orbital space, as well as a thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Surgical ablation of the infected parts, along with antifungal treatment and adjustment of immunosuppressive maintenance, restricted extension of the craniofacial involvement. Allograft function remained undisturbed., Conclusion: Early detection of opportunistic infections in transplant recipients plays a big role in preventing dissemination. Fungal infections, including zygomycosis, should be considered for recipients, especially those with risk factors, such as diabetes, who present with local unusual manifestations. Sinonasal and orbital mucormycosis, if diagnosed in timely fashion, can be managed to reduce mortality. Although devastation of one-side facial and ophthalmic structures was inevitable in this case, the overall outcome was acceptable.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. Cutaneous manifestations of Corynebacterium jeikeium sepsis.
- Author
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Olson JM, Nguyen VQ, Yoo J, and Kuechle MK
- Subjects
- Corynebacterium Infections epidemiology, Dermatitis epidemiology, Erythema diagnosis, Erythema epidemiology, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myelodysplastic Syndromes epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sepsis epidemiology, Corynebacterium Infections diagnosis, Dermatitis diagnosis, Dermatitis microbiology, Sepsis diagnosis, Sepsis microbiology
- Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rare but increasingly important cause of septicemia in neutropenic patients that can present with characteristic cutaneous findings. A 61-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome developed C. jeikeium sepsis and an erythematous papular eruption while neutropenic from induction chemotherapy. A review of the English language literature shows only six reported cases of hemorrhagic or erythematous papular eruption in C. jeikeium sepsis. The case is presented with an updated literature review of the history, risk factors, and treatment.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: a clinicopathological study of 7 cases.
- Author
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Song H, Lee H, Choi G, and Shin J
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Child, Clarithromycin administration & dosage, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Eosinophilia microbiology, Eosinophilia pathology, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Female, Granuloma microbiology, Granuloma pathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous drug therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria genetics, Skin blood supply, Skin microbiology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial drug therapy, Skin Diseases, Bacterial microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Skin pathology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial pathology
- Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are human opportunistic pathogens with an environmental source of infection. The reports of cutaneous NTM infections has increased, and NTM have been regarded as important pathogens in recent years. This study aimed to identify characteristic clinical and histological features of cutaneous NTM infections. We evaluated the medical records and histopathologic slides of 7 cases of NTM infections that were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction between 2003 and 2007. The results showed that cutaneous NTM infections occurred in various aged people independent of their immune states and were associated with fish-related jobs or intramuscular medicinal injection. The main clinical feature was a painful erythematous nodule. Histopathologically, the most common findings were diffuse infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells and small vessel proliferation in the dermis (100%). Epidermal proliferation (71%) and dermal granuloma (71%) were also very common. Suppurative granuloma was found in 43% of the cases, and eosinophil infiltration was uncommon (14%). The lesions disappeared after a mean of 7 months (range, 1.5-12 months) with treatment by oral clarithromycin alone or in combination with other antimycobacterial agents. These clinical and histopathological data should assist clinicians in the diagnosis of NTM.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. Evaluation of 23 cutaneous anthrax patients in eastern Anatolia, Turkey: diagnosis and risk factors.
- Author
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Ozcan H, Kayabas U, Bayindir Y, Bayraktar MR, and Ay S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Blood Sedimentation, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Child, Diagnostic Errors, Edema microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Fatigue microbiology, Female, Fever microbiology, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Turkey, Young Adult, Animal Diseases microbiology, Anthrax diagnosis, Anthrax transmission, Skin Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis, Zoonoses
- Abstract
Background: Anthrax is a potentially fatal zoonotic disease. The diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax (CA) may be very difficult, particularly in atypical presentations and nonendemic regions., Aim: To evaluate the clinical features and diagnostic difficulties of 23 anthrax cases seen between May 2004 and September 2006., Methods: Twenty-three patients with CA were included in this study. The diagnosis of CA was based on clinical findings and/or microbiologic procedures., Results: All patients with a diagnosis of CA were followed up. One patient experienced toxemic shock. Twenty-two patients had a history of animal contact. Only one patient did not recall any history of suspicious contact. The clinical presentation of CA was typical in 20 patients (87%). Two patients were initially misdiagnosed with insect bites and one patient with angioedema. Cultures from the lesions were positive for Bacillus anthracis in seven cases (30.4%). Gram stain from the lesions revealed Gram-positive rods in eight cases (34.8%). Fifteen patients (65.2%) were diagnosed by clinical presentation and a history of contact with sick animals and/or contaminated animal products., Conclusion: CA is a very contagious and important infectious disease worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis dramatically affects the prognosis of the disease. The diagnosis of CA may be difficult, especially in atypical presentations and nonendemic areas. Thus, CA should be kept in mind, especially in these situations.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Mixed Candida albicans and Candida glabrata populations associated with the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis.
- Author
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Coco BJ, Bagg J, Cross LJ, Jose A, Cross J, and Ramage G
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biofilms, Candidiasis, Oral classification, Cohort Studies, Colony Count, Microbial, Denture Cleansers therapeutic use, Denture, Complete microbiology, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Hyperplasia, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolation & purification, Smoking, Stomatitis, Denture classification, Toothbrushing, Candida albicans isolation & purification, Candida glabrata isolation & purification, Candidiasis, Oral diagnosis, Stomatitis, Denture microbiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Oral yeasts are an important component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity, but they are also associated with various forms of oral candidosis, such as denture stomatitis. Although Candida albicans is the predominant oral fungal pathogen, other species may also play an integral role in pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the mycological ecology in patients with denture stomatitis, using an improved sampling technique, to determine whether species diversity and species quantity were related to oral pathology., Methods: Thirty-seven patients attending the Glasgow Dental Hospital were enrolled in this study following informed consent. A full clinical history was obtained, including details of their oral hygiene practices and the levels of erythema based on Newton's classification scale. Oral rinse, denture sonicate, and swab samples were taken, which were processed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of oral yeasts., Results: The proportion of patients with no inflammation or Newton's Types I, II, and III were 31, 33, 25, and 14%, respectively. Denture sonication was a superior sampling procedure, with statistically greater quantities of yeasts isolated using this methodology (P < 0.01). The predominant oral yeasts isolated were C. albicans (75%) and Candida glabrata (30%), which were isolated in higher proportions in patients with the highest grades of inflammation (100 and 80%), and in combination from 80% of these patients., Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that mixed C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms may play an important role in the pathogenesis associated with severe inflammation in denture wearers.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Palatal red patch. Erythematous candidiasis.
- Author
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Damm DD
- Subjects
- Aged, Candida albicans isolation & purification, Candidiasis, Oral microbiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Candidiasis, Oral pathology, Palate, Soft pathology
- Published
- 2008
94. Lemierre's syndrome: a forgotten disease.
- Author
-
Monteiro MJ and Thompson S
- Subjects
- Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drainage, Epiglottitis microbiology, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Female, Fusobacterium Infections drug therapy, Humans, Neck, Subcutaneous Emphysema microbiology, Syndrome, Epiglottitis drug therapy, Fusobacterium Infections pathology, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Subcutaneous Emphysema drug therapy
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Erythematous pigmentation of the arm for more than ten years.
- Author
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Agterof MJ and ter Borg EJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Borrelia Infections diagnosis, Borrelia Infections drug therapy, Borrelia Infections microbiology, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Erythema pathology, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease drug therapy, Lyme Disease microbiology, Arm microbiology, Borrelia burgdorferi, Erythema microbiology, Lyme Disease diagnosis
- Published
- 2008
96. Successful treatment of subcutaneous Scytalidium hyalinum infection with voriconazole and topical terbinafine in a cardiac transplant patient.
- Author
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Sriaroon C, Vincent AL, Silapunt S, Chandler A, Houston SH, and Greene JN
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Erythema drug therapy, Erythema microbiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Naphthalenes administration & dosage, Naphthalenes therapeutic use, Postoperative Complications drug therapy, Terbinafine, Voriconazole, Ascomycota isolation & purification, Heart Transplantation adverse effects, Mycoses drug therapy, Postoperative Complications microbiology, Pyrimidines therapeutic use, Triazoles therapeutic use
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Reinfection versus relapse in patients with lyme disease: not enough evidence.
- Author
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Stricker RB, Corson AF, and Johnson L
- Subjects
- Borrelia burgdorferi classification, Borrelia burgdorferi isolation & purification, Erythema microbiology, Erythema pathology, Humans, Incidence, Lyme Disease microbiology, Lyme Disease prevention & control, Recurrence, United States, Lyme Disease pathology, Lyme Disease physiopathology
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Multifocal Pseudomonas aeruginosa myositis in an apparently healthy adult.
- Author
-
Rafailidis PI, Kapaskelis A, and Falagas ME
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Erythema microbiology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Myositis pathology, Myositis microbiology, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients with erythema migrans.
- Author
-
Niscigorska-Olsen J, Wodecka B, Moranska I, and Skotarczak B
- Subjects
- Adult, Bacterial Typing Techniques methods, Borrelia burgdorferi Group genetics, Borrelia burgdorferi Group isolation & purification, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Erythema diagnosis, Female, Humans, Lyme Disease diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Species Specificity, Borrelia burgdorferi Group classification, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Erythema microbiology, Lyme Disease microbiology, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, the etiological factor of Lyme disease, includes over a dozen species of bacteria and 3 pathogenic within it. According to many authors, the clinical symptoms of borreliosis depend on the species that cause the disease. The most frequent symptom of early localized borreliosis is erythema migrans (EM). The aim of the research was to determine species of B. burgdorferi s.l. in 32 patients from the Western Pomerania region in whom EM has been recognized. Blood samples of patients were investigated by PCR-RFLP method, with the use of enzyme differentiating species. The DNA of spirochetes was detected in 25 patients (25/32, 78.1%), compared with 23/32 (71.8%) of ELISA positive patients. Among 25 positive samples, 10 contained the DNA of B. garinii (10/25, 40%), 5 the DNA of B. afzelii (5/25, 20%), 4 the DNA of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) (4/25, 16%) and in 6 samples (6/25, 24%) the DNA of both B. garinii and B. afzelii was found. The DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes may be detected in patients with EM after antibiotic treatment. The most frequent species in patients with EM from the Western Pomerania region is B. garinii. Infections with more than one species of B. burgdorferi s.l. may occur in patients with EM.
- Published
- 2008
100. Increased expression of HMGB-1 in the skin lesions of erythema toxicum.
- Author
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Marchini G, Hultenby K, Nelson A, Yektaei-Karin E, Ståbi B, Lonne-Rahm S, Ulfgren AK, and Brismar H
- Subjects
- Bacteria immunology, Biopsy, Erythema immunology, Erythema microbiology, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases immunology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases microbiology, Keratinocytes pathology, Keratinocytes ultrastructure, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2, Lysosomal Membrane Proteins metabolism, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages pathology, Macrophages ultrastructure, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Skin immunology, Skin microbiology, Vesicular Transport Proteins metabolism, Erythema pathology, HMGB1 Protein metabolism, Infant, Newborn, Diseases pathology, Keratinocytes metabolism, Skin pathology
- Abstract
At birth, commensal microbes penetrate into the skin of the human newborn, eliciting an acute rash, erythema toxicumn neonatorum. Histologically, the rash is characterized by an upregulation of proinflammatory activity and a local recruitment of immunocytes, including macrophages. High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1, a nuclear and cytosolic protein, is also a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by macrophages in response to microbial stimulation. Here, we reasoned that macrophages but also keratinocytes might upregulate this protein in response to the first colonization and that high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 might play a role as a proinflammatory mediator in the development and progression of erythema toxicum. Punch biopsy specimens from 1-day-old healthy infants, seven with and four without erythema toxicum were analyzed with indirect immunohistochemistry and two different antihigh mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 antibodies, immunofluorescence, nuclear counterstaining, confocal and immunoelectron imaging. We found relocation of nuclear high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 into the cytoplasm in keratinocytes and macrophages in erythema toxicum. Cytoplasmatic high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 was also found in melanocytes and did neither co-locate with lysosomal-associated membrane proteins nor with melanosomes. We speculate that terrestrial adaptation triggers the induction of the endogenous "danger signal" high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in the skin of the newborn infant, perhaps in response to the first commensal colonization and that this signal may contribute to alert the immune system and promote a protective immune response.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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