Search

Photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is an emerging optical imaging modality that showed great performance on providing absorption maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. As a multi-modality technology, PMI warms up the imaged object using a near infrared laser while temperature variation is measured using magnetic resonance imaging. By probing tissue at multiple wavelengths, concentration of the main tissue chromophores such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, lipid, and water are obtained then used to derive functional parameters such as total hemoglobin concentration and relative oxygen saturation. In this paper, we present a multi-wavelength PMI system that was custom-built to host five different laser wavelengths. After recovering the high-resolution absorption maps, a least-squared minimization process was used to resolve the different chromophore concentration. The performance of the system was experimentally tested on a phantom with two different dyes. Their concentrations were successfully assessed with high spatial resolution and average accuracy of nearly 80%.

Tarihi süreçte kadın-erkeğe dair değerlendirmeler karşıtlıklar üzerinden temellendirilmiş, kadın cinsinin tanımlandığı özellikler kötü iken erkeğin tanımlandığı özellikler iyi olarak belirlenmiş ya da kabul edilmiştir. Erkek cinsinin oluşturduğu ya da tarihi süreçte sonradan oluşturulan bu patriarkal düşünce biçimi, sadece tarihin bir döneminde veya bazı toplumlarda değil, tarihin bütün dönemlerinde ve bütün toplumlarda etkin bir düşünce olarak var olmuştur. Yaklaşık olarak son iki yüzyıldır, egemen olan bu patriarkal düşünce ve uygulamaya karşı itirazlar yükselmiş, buna karşı mücadele verilmiş ve neticede günümüz için kadın varoluşuna dair ciddi bir değişim yaşanmıştır. Bu durum sanattan siyasete, iktisadi alandan bilim alanına her konuda yeni bir dönemi var etmiştir. Doğal olarak günümüz dünyasında tarihte olandan farklı olarak yeni bir literatür oluşmuştur. “Patriarkal/erkek egemen düşünce” olarak ifade edilen bu kavram, insan olana dair her şeyin yeniden tartışılmasını, değerlendirilmesini sağlamıştır. Konuyla ilgili daha ziyade antropoloji ve sosyoloji alanında çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla İlahiyat ve özellikle Sosyal Kelâm alanında bu konu başlığının çalışılması görülen bir eksiğin tamamlanması amacıyladır. Zira Kelâm alanında yapılan çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak önceki müktesebatın ya tekrarı ya da yazılanların anlaşılması şeklindedir. Bu nedenle günümüz Müslüman düşüncesinin bu konuya dair yaklaşımın, temel kaynaklar esas alınarak incelenmesi ve düşünce dünyasına sunulması önemlidir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler muvacehesinde çalışmamızda, kadın erkek ayrımına girmeden yalın olarak insanın Kur’an’daki tanımlaması esas alınacaktır. Zira bu temel üzerinden yapılmayan her türlü yorumlama, sübjektif veya önceki kültür ve inançların etkisiyle biçimlenmiş değerlendirmeler olacaktır. Bu gerçeklikten hareketle, öncelikle Kur’an’da geçen “fıtrat” kavramı ve bu kavramın psikolojik ve sosyal yansıma ve anlamlarının neye tekabül ettiği anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Daha sonra Müslüman kültüründe “kadın fıtratı” şeklinde belirginleşen kavramın tahlili yapılacak, bu kavramsallaştırmanın kadın yaşamını ve toplumsal olanı nasıl şekillendirdiği ve günümüz Müslüman düşüncesine nasıl etki ettiği üzerinde durulacaktır. Modern döneme ait “feminizm” ve “toplumsal cinsiyet” gibi kavramların ve bu çerçevede yürütülen tartışmaların, Kur’an ayetlerinin merkeze alındığı bir yaklaşımla Sosyal Kelâm disiplini açısından anlaşılmaya çalışılması alana katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu makalede geçmişten bugüne konuyla ilgili Kelâm disiplini içerisinde yapılan değerlendirmelerin, günümüz sorunlarına ne kadar cevap olduğu tartışılacak ve yeni bir yaklaşımın mümkün olup olmadığı anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Metin içerisinde belli başlıklar altında işlendiğinde, gerek İslam öncesi dönem ve gerekse İslam’ın gelişi sonrasında kadına dair düşünsel ve sosyal alanın ne kadar dramatik olduğu görülecektir. Bu nedenle bütün toplumlar için en temel bir sorun olan “kadın fıtratı” bahsinde İslam’ın veya Kelâm disiplininin nasıl bir çözüm önerdiğinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Konu başlığı, modern döneme ait bir kavram ve tartışma olduğundan, ağırlıklı olarak antropoloji ve sosyoloji alanındaki çalışmalardan, modern dönem feminizme dair teorilerden istifade edilecek, ayrıca “Sosyal Kelâm” disiplini açısından değerlendirileceği için de klasik Kelâm kaynaklarından ve günümüz çalışmalarından yararlanılacaktır.

Objective:Evaluation of children and adolescents pushed to crime should be different from adult offenders. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the qualities of children and adolescents pushed to crime and to discuss them in the light of the literature.Methods:Children who were evaluated in terms of criminal liability at Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine and Bolu Forensic Medicine Branch Office between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included in the study.Results:A total of 237 children and adolescents were included in the study. Of the cases, 76.8% (n=182) were male and 23.2% (n=55) were female. The mean age was 13.38±0.83. Of the cases, 80.6% were living in the nuclear family. Twenty-two cases (9.3%) were working in any job and sixty-four (27%) of the cases had one or more substance use history. Of the cases, 47.7% committed deliberate wounding crimes whereas 20.3% of cases committed burglary crimes. One hundred and fifty two cases (64.1%) committed a crime for the first time. One hundred and ten (46.4%) cases committed the crime together with a group of friends. Forty-seven cases (19.8%) had a psychiatric disorder. In 60.8% of the cases (n=144), it was reported that they had criminal responsibility.Conclusion:It is necessary to increase the number of child support centers and to develop effective intervention methods for juveniles pushed to crime in these centers, and more studies should be conducted on these issues.

In this study, it is aimed to determine the environmental literacy of primary school teachers in terms of some variables. In this study which employs a descriptive method, the study group is composed of 371 primary school teachers working in state primary schools in the province of Afyonkarahisar, Turkey in the academic year of 2016-2017. Environmental behavior scale, attitude scale towards environmental problems and environment knowledge test were used as data collection tools in the study. The data obtained were analyzed by using the SPSS 20 statistical program. Independent-samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance and simple linear correlation statistics were used in the analysis of results obtained from this study. As a result of the research, it can be argued that the environmental literacy levels of the primary school teachers are at moderate level. In addition, the findings of the research show that both primary school teachers' environment behavior levels and their environmental knowledge levels are moderate and their attitudes towards about environmental problems are high. Finally, it was concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between attitude and behavior, a positive and significant relationship between attitude and knowledge, and a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and behavior.

Byline: Selen. Üçem, Eser. Bulus, Gökhan. Erkol Sir, We report a 24-year-old previously healthy woman with resistant, sudden sexual arousal episodes and tingling sensations in her legs. Her past medical [...]

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is widely used in preclinical oncology research. FMT is the only imaging technique able to provide 3D distribution of fluorescent probes within thick highly scattering media. However, its integration into clinical medicine has been hampered by its low spatial resolution caused by the undetermined and ill-posed nature of its reconstruction algorithm. Another major factor degrading the quality of FMT images is the large backscattered excitation light component leaking through the rejection filters and coinciding with the weak fluorescent signal arising from a low tissue fluorescence concentration. In this paper, we present a new method based on the use of a novel thermo-sensitive fluorescence probe. In fact, the excitation light leakage is accurately estimated from a set of measurements performed at different temperatures and then is corrected for in the tomographic data. The obtained results show a considerable improvement in both spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy of FMT images due to the proper correction of fluorescent signals.

Objective: Amphetamine prescribing has increased in the United States in recent years. Previous research identified an increased risk of incident psychosis with prescription amphetamines. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of dose levels of prescription amphetamines on the risk of this rare but serious adverse outcome. Methods: A case-control study using electronic health records was conducted to compare the odds of incident psychosis or mania with past-month exposure to prescription amphetamines. Case subjects were patients ages 16–35 hospitalized at McLean Hospital for incident psychosis or mania between 2005 and 2019. Control subjects were patients with an initial psychiatric hospitalization for other reasons, most commonly depression and/or anxiety. Amphetamine doses were converted to dextroamphetamine equivalents and divided into terciles. Secondary analyses evaluated the odds of psychosis or mania with methylphenidate use. Results: Among 1,374 case subjects and 2,748 control subjects, the odds of psychosis and mania were increased for individuals with past-month prescription amphetamine use compared with no use (adjusted odds ratio=2.68, 95% CI=1.90–3.77). A dose-response relationship was observed; high doses of amphetamines (>30 mg dextroamphetamine equivalents) were associated with 5.28-fold increased odds of psychosis or mania. Past-month methylphenidate use was not associated with increased odds of psychosis or mania compared with no use (adjusted odds ratio=0.91, 95% CI=0.54–1.55). Conclusions: Although use of hospitalized control subjects excludes individuals with less severe disease, leading to selection bias, the study results suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing high doses of amphetamines, with regular screening for symptoms of psychosis or mania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case report In Langerhans cell histiocytosis thyroid involvement is rarely seen. Here, we would like to present a 12-year-old male patient with lung, external auditory canal skin and lymph node involvement in diagnosis. Disease relapse occurred with thyroid involvement 19 months after remission. In molecular analysis, BRAF p.N 486 _P490del was detected and he reccived MEK inhibitor Trametinib monotherapy. He is still in remission for 16 months.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly involve the respiratory system. However, there is increasing evidence that this virus can affect other organs, causing a wide range of clinical symptoms. This is the report of a 40-day-old patient who presented with sepsis and had no risk factors other than SARS-CoV-2 infection, whose radiological findings were compatible with cerebral sinus vein thrombosis.

Human encounters with wild animals are of great concern to humans. In nature, humans are usually defenseless against wild animals, however humans do not always take precautions from possible encounters. Wild animals tend to attack mostly sensitive areas of the body, and elderly individuals often fail to defend themselves compared to young people. All of these factors contribute to the increase in the mortality rate associated with these encounters. In forensic practice, deaths due to bear attacks are very rarely seen. In these cases, well-known bear attack pattern and bear-specific tooth and paw marks are observed, facilitating the work of physician who performed the autopsy. In this study, we aimed to discuss a case of a 77-year-old woman who died as a result of bear attack in the light of the existing literature. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 623-6]

We recently introduced a new high-resolution diffuse optical imaging technique termed photo-magnetic imaging (PMI), which utilizes magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) to monitor the 3D temperature distribution induced in a medium illuminated with a near-infrared light. The spatiotemporal temperature distribution due to light absorption can be accurately estimated using a combined photon propagation and heat diffusion model. High-resolution optical absorption images are then obtained by iteratively minimizing the error between the measured and modeled temperature distributions. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of PMI with experimental studies using tissue simulating agarose phantoms. In this Letter, we present the preliminary ex vivo PMI results obtained with a chicken breast sample. Similarly to the results obtained on phantoms, the reconstructed images reveal that PMI can quantitatively resolve an inclusion with a 3 mm diameter embedded deep in a biological tissue sample with only 10% error. These encouraging results demonstrate the high performance of PMI in ex vivo biological tissue and its potential for in vivo imaging.

Türkiye’de yaşanan sosyo-ekonomik dönüşümden en fazla etkilenen kurumların başında aile gelmektedir. Aile kurmanın ilk aşaması olan evlilik de yaşanan bu süreçten etkilenmektedir. Dünyadaki gelişmelere paralel olarak evlenme yaşının yükselmesi, bekâr kalma, evlilik dışı cinsellik, alternatif birlikteliklerin yaygın hale gelmesi gibi durumlar evliliğe ilişkin tutumların değiştiğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte sosyal bilimlerde evlilik etrafında yapılan tartışmalarda bu değişim yeterince ilgi görmemektedir. Araştırma, toplumun en dinamik unsuru olan gençlerin evlenme yaşı ve evlilikle ilişkili algılarını anlamaya çalışan nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma yaşları 20 ile 27 arasında değişen 28 üniversite öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yaklaşımla yürütülen araştırmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş; gençlerin ideal evlilik yaşı algıları, evlilik ve aileye bakışları araştırılmıştır. Buna göre çoğunlukla 25 ve üzeri yaşta evlenmeyi idealleştirdikleri görülmüştür. İdeal evlilik yaşında ön plana çıkan faktörler ekonomik bağımsızlık kazanma, eğitimi tamamlama, özgürlüğün kısıtlanmasını istememe, olgunlaşma, kariyer yapmadır. Gençlerin evliliği erteleme eğiliminde olmalarına rağmen, evlenmeye ilişkin motivasyonlarının olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre gençler evliliği hayatın önemli bir parçası olarak görmekle birlikte, içinde bulundukları yaş döneminde evliliğe hazır olmadıklarını düşünmekte, daha ideal bir evlilik için evliliği erteleme eğiliminde olmaktadırlar. Evliliğin ertelenmesinde ekonomik engellerle birlikte, gençlerin anlam dünyalarındaki sosyolojik ve psikolojik bariyerlerin de etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Pica is the continuous consumption of non-nutritive and non-food items for at least one month. In this study, a 17-year-old boy pica case diagnosed with motor-mental retardation due to cerebral palsy was presented. It was learned that the case was exhibiting object swallowing behaviour. He was found dead in the field by his relatives. At the autopsy, a 3.5x3.0x2.5 cm foreign body (stone) that completely obstructed the upper part of the larynx lumen was removed. In addition, three foreign bodies were removed from the cecum region. The death was caused by mechanical asphyxia due to foreign body aspiration.

In Erzurum and Erzincan provinces, some nematophagous fungi were determined on roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) plants during 2009-2011, and identification of fungi species was performed by classical and/or molecular techniques. Purified 5 isolates were determined as Arthrobotrys cladodes Drechsler 1937 (1 isolate), Arthrobotrys conoides Drechsler 1937 (1 isolate) and Arthrobotrys superba Corda 1839 (3 isolates). Identification of Arthrobotrys isolates was also confirmed by ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence analysis. Harposporium genus was also determined considering the morphological characteristic of fungal spores growing on nematodes found in two samples, but these fungi could not be purified. Harposporium species were identified as Harposporium anguillulae Lohde emend. Zopf 1888 and Harposporium crassum A.M. Sheph 1955 according to the morphological characteristic. To our knowledge, all Arthrobotrys and Harposporium species identified in this study are reported for the first time in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, on which issues dissent arises in schools, the reasons why it arises and the consequences of dissent for teachers, administrators and the school were examined. The study using the phenomenological design was conducted on 25 participants. In the study, data were collected with a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analysed using content analysis. In the study, it was determined that dissent is exhibited on many issues related to instructional planning, extracurricular duties and other duties assigned. The exhibition of dissentient behaviours in these areas was attributed to various organizational, managerial and personal factors. While dissent contributes to increasing the value of the dissident teacher, it causes him/her to face many negative sanctions ranging from mobbing, threats, exclusion and change of place of duty. Dissent can lead to positive outcomes for the school administrators, such as development/empowerment and raising awareness. However, it can also result in negative consequences, including seeking support, isolation, loss of authority and removal from the position. It has positive consequences for the school such as development and creating a more democratic climate, and negative consequences such as an uneasy environment, low productivity, grouping and communication problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The injuries due to gunshot can form extensive defects. The management of these defects is required in multistage procedures, and the treatment achievement should be evaluated in many aspects. In this study, a methodology was tried to be developed to reveal the path to be followed in the management of maxillofacial defects caused by high-energy close-range gunshot injury. In addition, similar cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the functional and social successes of the treatment were evaluated. Subjects and Methods: Five patients with high-energy gunshot injuries were retrospectively analyzed. The tissue requirements of the patients were identified. The technical and quantitative details of the treatment were recorded. The facial disability index was used to evaluate the patient's social and motor functions in the 1st year after the operations were completed. Results: The patients' mean age was 31 (17–45), and all of them were male. The mean follow-up time was 25 months (14–26), and the mean operation amount was 7.6 (3–11). Four mandibular, one maxillary, and five soft-tissue defects were detected. It was detected that these defects were managed in basic four steps. Satisfactory, functional, and social results were obtained in four patients in the postoperative 1 year. Conclusions: The management of this group of patients comprises complicated procedures. First, the patient should be stabilized vitally. Definitive reconstruction should be carried out after the wound is stabilized. To increase treatment success, the patient's mental status should be stabilized during the treatment period. Providing social function is important along with physical function.

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie związku pomiędzy poziomem nadziei studentów kierunków turystycznych a ich pragnieniem zrobienia kariery w branży turystycznej. Dane zostały zebrane za pomocą ankiety, w której udział wzięli studenci studiów licencjackich w Synopie – mieście cieszącym się w Turcji najwyższym wskaźnikiem szczęścia oraz zadowolenia z życia. W celu opisu zebranych informacji wykorzystano test średniej częstotliwości oraz test średniej arytmetycznej; test T oraz analizę wariancji przeprowadzono, by określić różnice pomiędzy zmiennymi, z kolei analizę korelacji – by ustalić zależności pomiędzy nimi. W wyniku badania odkryto, że istnieje korelacja negatywna pomiędzy pragnieniem zrobienia kariery w branży turystycznej a odczuwaniem braku nadziei wśród studentów.