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Synthesis of artificial/natural polymeric biomaterials having resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption, blood coagulation and bacterial adhesion has attracted great attention, so nonspecific adsorption of proteins and biomolecules causes unfavorable biological responses inluding blood clotting, inflammation, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, and biofilm formation. A zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) group of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is employed for biologically inert functions, especially in resistance to protein adsorption. So, it is aimed to develop bio-inspired, efficient and environmentally friendly MPC containing cryogel membranes for polymeric scaffolds for promoting cell-biomaterial. Cryogel membranes were synthesized in semi-frozen medium by free radical polymerization in an ice bath and characterized by SEM/EDX, micro-CT, and swelling ratio measurements. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed from cell viability studies performed using cultured fibroblast cells.

A molecularly imprinted polymeric nanofilm was prepared for cocaine detection and applied to plasmonic nanosensor for real-time kinetic, selectivity and reusability analyses. The sensing polymeric surface was fabricated by synthesizing a selective and specific nanofilm on the gold plasmonic nanosensor surface. After characterization experiments with atomic force microscopy, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements, the kinetic studies of cocaine detection in aqueous solutions in a wide concentration range between 0.2-100 μg/mL were applied to plasmonic nanosensor system at 24 °C with a low limit of detection (0.1 μg/L) and quantification values (0.3 μg/L) and the results showed that this molecularly imprinted polymeric nanofilm integrated plasmonic nanosensor is providing a model for the fastest, most accurate and most precise identification of the cocaine molecule which constitutes a large part of the workload of forensic laboratories.

WOS: 000439157200006, PubMed ID: 28622915, Introduction: During clinical evaluations, in order to interpret patients' complaints caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction and to monitor the success of the treatment, standardized and disease-related scales are necessary. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7. Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with Eustachian tube dysfunction and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled for the study. After language validation of the Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 for Turkish, a scale was completed by the both Eustachian tube dysfunction and control groups. Two weeks after the first evaluation, 15 of the cases filled out the scale again without any treatment intervention. Known-groups method was used in validity analysis. Floor-ceiling effect, test-retest method, item-total score correlation and internal consistency analysis were used in reliability analyses. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.714 for the entire questionnaire. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total scale was determined as 0.792, indicating correlation between the two questionnaires completed by the same patient over time. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group, total and each item scores were found significantly higher than the control group (p

The key step in the construction of efficient and selective analytical separations or sensors is the design of the recognition interface. Biomimicry of the recognition features typically found in biological molecules, using amino acids, peptides and nucleic acids, provides plausible opportunities to integrate biological molecules or their active sites into a synthetic polymeric backbone. Given the basic role of functional amino acids in biorecognition, we focused on the synthesis of polymerizable amino acid derivatives and their incorporation into a polymer-based biohybrid interface to construct generic bioinspired analytical tools. We also utilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sacrificial polymer to adjust the porosity of these biohybrid interfaces. The surface morphologies of the interfaces on gold electrodes were characterized by using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies. The electrochemical behavior of the polymeric films was systematically investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to demonstrate the high affinity of the biohybrid interfaces for Cu(II) ions. The presence of macropores also significantly improved the recognition performance of the interfaces while enhancing interactions between the target [Cu(II) ions] and the functional groups. As a final step, we showed the applicability of the proposed analytical platform to create a Cu(II) ion-mediated supramolecular self-assembly on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode surface in real time.

The digital world and social media are becoming increasingly important. Social media connect people together in a visual manner. Profile photographs are required by most social networking sites. A trend toward the increasing popularity of selfies on social media has rendered people more aware of their appearance. A selfie is a photograph that one takes of oneself, usually employing a smartphone or webcam, which is then shared on social media. Thus, the demand for aesthetic procedures correcting imperfections such as a prominent nose has increased, for which the technique is a rhinoplasty. Patients with reasonable expectations, treated by skilled surgeons, are usually very happy with the results. Rhinoplasty does not cure low self-esteem, but does correct more visible imperfections of the face. Although some hope that a rhinoplasty will resolve many unwanted facial features besides nose problems, it can only change the size and shape of the nose, improving its form. However, in the age of the selfie, everyone wants to look better. Self-consciousness is increasing, as are concerns over grooming and appearance at work and social events. These issues have become more important in recent years with the increase in selfie-taking; people are now more aware of how their nose appears to others. In this review, we discuss whether selfie-taking has triggered a rise in rhinoplasties along with a detailed survey of the literature.

Tip 1 DM (Diabetes Mellitus), çocuklarda endokrin ve metabolik sorunlara ek olarak bilişsel fonksiyon bozukluklarına da yol açabilmektedir.Bilişsel fonksiyonlardaki bozulmaları erken dönemde ortaya çıkarabilen en duyarlı yöntem, olaya ilişkin potansiyellerden P300 testidir. Stroop testi, dikkati değerlendirmede altın standart olarak kabul edilen bir nöropsikolojik testtir. Bu çalışmada, tip 1 DM'li çocuklarda; seçici dikkat, işitsel ayrımsama ve kısa süreli hafıza gibi bilişsel fonksiyon bozukluklarının P300 ile Stroop testi birlikte kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi planlanmıştır. Literatürde, Tip1 DM'li çocuklarda P300 ile Stroop testinin beraberce kullanıldığı benzer bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada kırk tip 1 DM'li çocuk ve yirmi sağlıklı çocuk P300 ve Stroop TBAG testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tip 1 DM'li çocuklar, bilişsel fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkileri olan; hem tip 1 DM ile ilişkili faktörlerden glisemik kontrol, tip 1 DM tanısı konulan yaş, tip 1 DM'nin izlem süresi, ailede diyabet öyküsü hem de tip 1 DM'nin komplikasyonlarından ketoasidoz, hipoglisemik atak, konvulziyonlar dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tip 1 DM'li çocukların kontrol grubuna göre; P300 latansları daha uzun ve amplitüdleri daha düşük saptandı. Tip 1 DM'li çocuklarda, Stroop TBAG testinin dikkati değerlendirmede en duyarlı kısmı olan 5.bölümünü tamamlama süreleri kontrol grubuna göre daha uzun bulundu. Tip 1 DM'li çocuklarda P300 latans ölçümlerinin uzun oluşu dikkat, işitsel ayrımsama ve kısa süreli hafızadaki; P300 amplitüd ölçümlerinin düşük oluşu da dikkati toplayıp odaklanmadaki bozukluğa bağlı gelişebilir. Tip 1 DM'li çocuklarda Stroop TBAG testinin 5.bölümünü tamamlama sürelerinin uzun oluşu seçici dikkatin ve bozucu uyaranlara karşı verilen yanıtın bozulmasına bağlı gelişebilir. Çalışmamızda; beş yaşından önce tip 1 DM tanısı konulması, tip 1 DM'nin izlem süresinin uzaması, kötü glisemik kontrol ve artmış ketoasidoz ataklarının tip 1 DM'li çocuklarda bilişsel fonksiyonları olumsuz etkilediği belirlendi.Anahtar kelimeler: P300, Stroop, tip 1 DM Type 1 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) can cause cognitive dysfunction in addition to endocrine and metabolic problems in children.P300 test one of the event-related potential, is the most sensitive method that can reveal the impairments in cognitive functions in the early period. Stroop test is a neuropsychological test that is considered the gold standard in assessing attention. In this study, cognitive impairments in selective attention, auditory discrimination and short-term memory were planned to be evaluated together with P300 and Stroop test in children with type 1 DM. In the literature, there is no similar study in which P300 and Stroop tests were used together in children with type1 DM.In this study, forty children with type 1 DM and twenty healthy children were evaluated using P300 and Stroop TBAG tests. Children with type 1 DM were evaluated by both considering the diabetes-related factors which have effects on cognitive functions such as glycemic control, age at onset of type 1 DM, duration of type 1 DM, family history of diabetes mellitus and the complications of type 1 DM which have effects on cognitive functions such as ketoacidosis, hypoglycemic attack and convulsion.Children with type 1 DM had prolonged P300 latencies and reduced amplitudes compared to the control group. In children with type 1 DM, the time to complete the 5.part which is the most sensitive part of the Stroop TBAG test in evaluating attention was found to be longer compared to the control group. Attention, auditory discrimination and short-term memory were shown to be impaired due to prolonged P300 latencies; attention allocation and focus were shown to be impaired due to the reduction of P300 amplitude in children with type 1 DM. Selective attention and reaction to incongruent stimuli were shown to be impaired as a result of long time in completion of the 5.part of the Stroop TBAG test in children with type 1 DM. It was determined that the age at onset of type 1 DM before five years old, long-standing type 1 DM, poor glycemic control and increased attacks of ketoacidosis negatively affect cognitive functions in children with type 1 DM.Keywords: P300, Stroop, type 1 DM 147

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are in close anatomical proximity to many essential structures and also offer conditions in which tumours can grow for substantial periods of time before tumour growth becomes restricted. Hence, sinonasal malignancies can attain a significant size prior to the patient presenting, necessitating an aggressive approach in treating tumours growing near to the base of the skull, the orbital cavities, the cranial nerves and major blood vessels. Whilst sinonasal malignancies (SNM) are seldom seen, when they do occur, they are of grave concern. Typically, the patient remains asymptomatic at an early stage of tumour growth, a situation compounded by the tumour mimicking the symptoms of other frequently encountered, but less grave conditions (such as a nosebleed on one side or a blocked nose). When such mimicry occurs, both the patient and doctor may frequently discount, or fail adequately to account for the seriousness of the underlying pathology, erroneously treating the neoplasia as a benign, non-neoplastic disorder. Once signs or symptoms more easily associated with malignancy appear (e.g. a headache that is both very marked and fails to respond to treatment, disturbed vision or cranial nerve signs), the tumour may already be advanced. Anatomical considerations are responsible for the late presentation of malignant sinonasal tumours and the difficulty in treating them. Tumours arise in areas abutting vital anatomical structures such as the base of the skull, the orbits, the path of cranial nerves and major blood vessels. Surgical removal of these neoplasms results in evident morbidity and marked complications. Effective treatment calls for multidisciplinary team working, ideally with representation from the following specialties: surgical oncology (head and neck), reconstructive surgery, maxillofacial prosthodontics, radiotherapy, medical oncology, neuroradiology, histopathology and neurosurgery and the patient him- or herself.

Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility are the two essential characteristics that an ideal implantable biomaterial must possess simultaneously. Biomaterials with these characteristics can be fabricated via combination of chemical and topographical features. Herein, design and fabrication of a sharkskin mimicked Graphene Oxide modified Chitosan membrane with enhanced antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties was investigated. As a measure of antibacterial properties, viability of planktonic and bacterial biofilm was measured using gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Results showed a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth induced by sharkskin surface topography regardless of chemical modifications for both strains, hence proving the superior antibacterial activity of sharkskin topography. Furthermore, the highest level of cell viability and proliferation of cultured human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines belonged to Graphene Oxide (GO) coated sharkskin mimicked membranes. Our results indicate that GO coated (GOc) sharkskin mimicked membranes can significantly reduce bacterial biofilm formation in stationary culture conditions while promoting cytocompatibility. The duo of sharkskin surface topography and GO coating provides remarkable potentials as a cytocompatible and antibacterial biomaterial for diverse biomedical applications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate depression-like behaviors of juvenile rats with congenital and postnatal hypothyroidism. Methods: Twenty-seven newborn rat pups were used. First, 6-month-old Wistar Albino female rats were impregnated. Methimazole (0.025% wt/vol) was given to dam rats from the first day of pregnancy until postnatal 21 days (P21) to generate pups with congenital hypothyroidism (n=8), whereas in the postnatal hypothyroidism group (n=10), methimazole was given from P0 to P21. In the control group (n=9), dam rats were fed ad libitum and normal tap water. Offspring were fed with breast milk from their mothers. The behavioral parameters were measured with the juvenile forced swimming test (JFST). The procedure of JFST consisted of two sessions in two consecutive days: the 15-minute pre-test on day 1 and the 5-minute test on day 2. Results: Increased immobility and decreased climbing duration were observed in both congenital and postnatal hypothyroidism groups. Decreased swimming duration was detected in the postnatal hypothyroidism group. Both hypothyroidism groups had a lower body weight gain compared with the control group, while the congenital hypothyroidism group had the lowest body weight. Conclusion: Our results showed that hypothyroidism had negative effects on depression-like behavior as well as on growth and development. Both congenital and postnatal hypothyroidism caused an increase in immobility time in JFST. New studies are required to understand the differing results on depression-like behavior between congenital and postnatal hypothyroidism.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been classified as one of the most prominent biomarkers for identification of Parkinson's disease that is manifested by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the gray matter of the brain with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the brain tissue. Novel biosensors are needed for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease as well as monitoring of the treatment process. So, the concentration of NfL in cerebrospinal fluid has been reported to be useful in distinguishing Parkinson's disease from atypical Parkinson's syndromes. For this purpose, an electrochemical immunoaffinity biosensor having limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) as 5.21 ng/L and 15.79 ng/L has been developed for the determination of NfL concentration. In this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) functional monomer was used to form thin polymeric films on the electrode surface and the anti-NfL antibody was immobilized via covalent linkage with GMA as a biorecognition agent.

Topçu, Aykut Arif ( Aksaray, Yazar ) Yılmaz, Erkut ( Aksaray, Yazar ), Tailor-made Escherichia coli (E. coli) receptors were created with microcontact imprinted technique and binding events of E. coli were carried out by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in aqueous solution and in urine mimic in real time and label-free. N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester (MAH) was selected as a functional monomer to design tailor-made E. coli receptors on the polymeric film and during the formation of the polymeric film on a chip surface, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were entrapped into the polymer mixture in order to lower the detection limit of biomimetic SPR based sensor. The polymeric film was characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometer and contact angle measurements. Limit of detection (LOD) was found 0.57 CFU/mL and feasibility of the biomimetic sensor was investigated in urine mimic.

WOS: 000471359400002, Molecular imprinting technique is used to design artificial creatinine receptor on the gold surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip using N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester (MAH), as a functional monomer. Surface characterization of SPR sensor chip is performed with atomic force microscope (AFM), ellipsometry and contact angle measurements. Creatinine imprinted SPR sensor is characterized with a linear range between 1 and 100 mM and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of creatinine are found 57 mu M and 190 mu M, respectively. N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and creatine molecules are selected to examine the selectivity of creatinine imprinted SPR sensor. Reusability studies of SPR sensor is determined in urine mimic samples., Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology [0505_TGSD.2015_2], This study was funded and supported by Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Grand No. 0505_TGSD.2015_2).

Noble metals comprise any of several metallic chemical elements that are outstandingly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, even at elevated temperatures. This group is not strictly defined, but the tentative list includes ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, in order of atomic number. The emerging properties of noble metal nanoparticles are attracting huge interest from the translational scientific community and have led to an unprecedented expansion of research and exploration of applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Noble metal nanomaterials can be synthesised both by top-down and bottom up approaches, as well asviaorganism-assisted routes, and subsequently modified appropriately for the field of use. Nanoscale analogues of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium in particular, have gained primary importance owing to their excellent intrinsic properties and diversity of applications; they offer unique functional attributes, which are quite unlike the bulk material. Modulation of noble metal nanoparticles in terms of size, shape and surface functionalisation has endowed them with unusual capabilities and manipulation at the chemical level, which can lead to changes in their electrical, chemical, optical, spectral and other intrinsic properties. Such flexibility in multi-functionalisation delivers ‘Ockham's razor’ to applied biomedical science. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the adaptation of noble metal nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and sensing. We believe, this revised MS will be suitable for reader to better understand the fundamental aspects of noble metal nanomaterials and how they are emerging within the application field of biomedical sciences. We have a full plan for a cover design as well. We believe this revised MS will interest to a broad spectrum of CC readers across disciplines of chemistry, biochemists, pharmacologists, clinicians, and biologists.

Özgür, Erdoğan ( Aksaray, Yazar ), A novel Zn(II) ions imprinted poly (2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester) poly(HEMAH) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanosensor were designed for detection of Zn(II) ions in aqueous solution and artificial plasma providing a low cost, rapid and reliable results compared to other techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, X-ray fluorescence with synchrotron radiation. Zn(II) ions imprinted nanofilm on the SPR chip surface was synthesized by bulk polymerization. Characterization of Zn(II) ions imprinted nanosensor was performed by contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). Designed nanosensor was applied for selective detection of Zn(II) ions in aqueous solution within the range of 0.5–1.0 mg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.19 and 0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Association kinetics analysis, Scatchard, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were analyzed to the experimental data in order to identify the adsorption behavior. The selectivity of the SPR nanosensor was examined by using competitive metal ions such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Fe(II). To evaluate the imprinting effect of Zn(II) ions imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) nanosensor was also prepared as the control. Repeatability of the response signal was tested by four times adsorption–desorption–regeneration cycle.

Two-dimensional HPLC (2D-HPLC) recently has received great attention due to providing high resolving power and higher peak capacities than that of 1D-HPLC, especially dealing with a wide spectrum of sample matrices containing several components. In this work, an on-line heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method was developed using monolithic columns coupled with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). 2D-HPLC was successfully carried out using affinity-based monolithic columns at first dimension (20 cm x 4.6 mm I.D.) followed by a Pinnacle II PAH column (50 mm x 4.6 mm I.D.) at the second dimension. Furthermore, good linearity was observed for the correlation of the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) molecule against the peak areas (R-2 = 0.994) in the concentration range of 0.01-1.0 ng/mL in 30 min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be 4.0 pg/mL and 12.0 pg/mL, respectively. Both the intra-day and inter-day precision at 0.01 and 0.1 ng/mL spiked concentrations were below than 2.35% RSD whereas the means of the recovery data of the BaP from the water samples were found to be in the range of 93.71-98.65%. These results demonstrate that the 2D-HPLC system, developed by the combination of the P(HEMA-MAPA) column and Pinnacle II PAH column, is reliable, stable, and well qualified in the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the water samples.

WOS: 000457568600001, PubMed: 30686053, Herein, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor is prepared for the detection of L-histidine by attachment of L-histidine imprinted poly(EGDMA-MAH/Cu(II)) nanoparticles on QCM electrode. The imprinted nanoparticles with the size of 86.43 nm were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization reaction. Prepared QCM sensors were characterized with ellipsometer, contact angle measurements and FTIR. The thickness measurements demonstrated that the particle thin films were almost mono-layer. L-histidine solutions with a concentration range between 6.44 mu M and 225.6 mu M were introduced to QCM system to determine the adsorption kinetics. Selectivity of the L-histidine imprinted nanoparticles were examined using D-histidine and L-tryptophan as competitor molecules. L-histidine imprinted QCM biosensors was also used for RNAase, lysozyme, cytochrome-C and BSA to investigate the competitive adsorption of surface histidine exposed proteins.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is potentially an important health problem for white people. The incidence of melanoma is rising faster than other solid cancers. Despite the new melanoma drugs surgery for localised melanoma and regional metastasis is still the standard of care. However, management of cutaneous melanoma differs from other cancers at some points such as biopsy technique, surgical margine, incorporation ofsentinel lymph node biopsy for staging etc. In this review, we focused on the role of the head and neck surgeon in the management of cutaneous melanoma of head and neck region according to current knowledge.

Güç iletim sisteminin en önemli elemanlarından biri olan kavramaların tasarım ve performans artımı üzerine sürekli iyileştirme ve geliştirme çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Farklı kavrama modelleri arasında gittikçe yaygınlaşan ıslak tip kavramaların kullanım alanları da artmaktadır. Traktörler ise, ıslak tip kavramaların kullanıldığı önemli bir alandır. Traktörlerin iş görme esnasında ihtiyacı olan yüksek torkun iletmesi, ıslak tip kavramalar ile sağlanabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda kullanım kolaylığı da sağlayan ıslak tip kavramaların performansında en önemli kriterlerden bir tanesi de balata aşınmalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, daha önce teorik ve tezgah ortamında yapılmış aşınma canlandırması, traktör kuyruk mili üzerinde uygulandı. Belirlenen üç farklı zorluktaki test şartlarında kavrama devreye alınarak, iki mil arasındaki açısal hız farkı değeri ölçüldü ve bu değer kullanılarak açığa çıkan enerji hesaplandı. Balatalarda meydana gelen toplam aşınma miktarı ile enerji seviyeleri sentezlenerek, ıslak tip kavramanın üç farklı test koşulu için termal dayanımı incelendi ve ömür hesabı yaklaşımında bulunuldu. Alınan verilerin işlenmesi sonucunda, orta zorluktaki test koşulunda çalışma için, kuyruk milinde kullanılan ıslak tip kavramanın traktör ömrü kadar çalışma hedefinin yakalandığı tespit edilmiştir. Couplings are one of the most important component of the powertrain systems. Improvement studies are ongoing day by day regarding to coupling performance and efficiency. There are different types of applications for coupling systems and wet types are becoming more common among other types. Agricultural equipments – especially tractors- are one of the wet coupling usage area. Wet couplings provide the high torque transfer capacity that tractors need during working conditions. Furthermore, wet couplings make tractor handling easier. Facing wear is one of the key figures torque transmissibility point of view. In this study, wear phenomenon were investigated by tractor test for PTO usage which were performed as theoretical and simulation conditions on previous studies. Three different test conditions described with three different difficulty stages. For each stage, coupling forced to engagement meanwhile speed difference between input and output shaft was recorded. Dissipated energy was calculated for each engagement and cumulative. Total facing wear and total dissipated energy were evaluated then life estimation for three different difficulty stages were calculated. As a result, on medium difficulty level, wet coupling lifespan is equal to tractor lifespan as expected. Valeo Otomotiv San. A.Ş.

Objectives:To determine the locoregional control and survival rates (in terms of risk factors) of patients who underwent surgical resection of early-stage lip cancer and for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.Methods:The sociodemographic data, tumour stage, tumour characteristics and histopathological features of 41 patients with early-stage lip cancer were evaluated. Factors predictive of survival and locoregional recurrence were analysed. The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were determined, and the prognostic risk factors were compared.Results:The mean follow-up period was 60.5 months (range, 4–92 months). Age, sex, tumour stage, tumour thickness and volume, and perineural involvement were not predictive of locoregional recurrence or survival. Pathological tumour stage (T1vsT2) was a prognostic factor for both five-year overall survival (87.3vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.042) and disease-free survival (88.6vs65.6 per cent,p= 0.037).Conclusion:Tumour stage was clearly a major factor affecting the prognosis of surgically treated patients with early-stage lip cancer for whom a ‘wait and see’ policy in terms of neck status had been implemented.

A new, simple, rapid, sensitive and selective disposable sensor platform was developed for the electrochemical detection of paraben based on molecular imprinting technique. Highly selective and specific recognition was established for the analyte through incorporating amino acid based polymerizable functional monomer. Paraben-imprinted poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-phenylalanine) (PHEMA-MAPA) nanofilm on a screen-printed gold electrode surface in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by the molecular imprinting technique. Characterization of the fabricated electrode surfaces were performed with cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR FT-IR). The electrochemical behavior of paraben was investigated using CV and electrochemical detection studies were carried out with square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimal conditions, the linear working range was found to be 1–30 μM with a low detection limit as 0.706 μM. The obtained recovery values proved that the developed sensor can be effectively applied to cosmetic samples. Besides, the fabricated disposable sensor system can be used successfully in the determination of other important analytes in the future due to its good sensor performance.

WOS:000400822900239 PubMed: 28422082 Molecular recognition has an important role in numerous living systems. One of the most important molecular recognition methods is molecular imprinting, which allows host compounds to recognize and detect several molecules rapidly, sensitively and selectively. Compared to natural systems, molecular imprinting methods have some important features such as low cost, robustness, high recognition ability and long term durability which allows molecularly imprinted polymers to be used in various biotechnological applications, such as chromatography, drug delivery, nanotechnology, and sensor technology. Sensors are important tools because of their ability to figure out a potentially large number of analytical difficulties in various areas with different macromolecular targets. Proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, antibodies, viruses and cells are defined as macromolecules that have wide range of functions are very important. Thus, macromolecules detection has gained great attention in concerning the improvement in most of the studies. The applications of macromolecule imprinted sensors will have a spacious exploration according to the low cost, high specificity and stability. In this review, macromolecules for molecularly imprinted sensor applications are structured according to the definition of molecular imprinting methods, developments in macromolecular imprinting methods, macromolecular imprinted sensors, and conclusions and future perspectives. This chapter follows the latter strategies and focuses on the applications of macromolecular imprinted sensors. This allows discussion on how sensor strategy is brought to solve the macromolecules imprinting.

WOS: 000394064800071, PubMed: 28183651, This study reports a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based affinity sensor system with the use of molecular imprinted nanoparticles (plastic antibodies) to enhance the pesticide detection. Molecular imprinting based affinity sensor is prepared by the attachment of atrazine (chosen as model pesticide) imprinted nanoparticles onto the gold surface of SPR chip. Recognition element of the affinity sensor is polymerizable form of aspartic acid. The imprinted nanoparticles were characterized via FTIR and zeta-sizer measurements. SPR sensors are characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and contact angle measurements. The imprinted nanoparticles showed more sensitivity to atrazine than the non-imprinted ones. Different concentrations of atrazine solutions are applied to SPR system to determine the adsorption kinetics. Langmuir adsorption model is found as the most suitable model for this affinity nanosensor system. In order to show the selectivity of the atrazine-imprinted nanoparticles, competitive adsorption of atrazine, simazine and amitrole is investigated. The results showed that the imprinted nanosensor has high selectivity and sensitivity for atrazine. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, of Republic of Turkey [TAGEM 12/AR-GE/35], This research has been carried out with supports from the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, of Republic of Turkey with grant number TAGEM 12/AR-GE/35.

Detection of protein C (PC) in human serum was performed by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based on molecular imprinting technique (MIP). The high-resolution and mass-sensitive QCM based sensor was integrated with high sensitivity and selectivity of the MIP technique. The PC microcontact imprinted (PC-μCIP) nanofilm was prepared on the glass surface. Then, the PC-μCIP/QCM sensor was prepared with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and N-methacryloyl l-histidine methylester (MAH) as the functional monomer with copper(II) ions. The polymerization was performed under UV light (100W and 365nm) for 20-25min under nitrogen atmosphere. The characterization studies of QCM sensor were done by observation using atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Detection of PC was investigated in a concentration range of 0.1-30μg/mL. Selectivity of PC-μCIP and PC non-imprinted/QCM (PC-non-μCIP) sensors for PC determination was investigated by using proteins namely hemoglobin (Hb), human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen solutions. QCM sensor was also used for detection of PC molecules in aqueous solutions and human plasma. The detection limit was determined as 0.01μg/mL for PC analysis. The PC-μCIP/QCM sensor was used for five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. According to the results, the PC-μCIP/QCM sensor had obtained high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of PC molecules.

The 17β-estradiol (E2), natural steroid hormone, is one of the most potent endocrine disrupting compounds even at ng L−1 levels. Its rapid, selective and sensitive detection is intensively required. In this study, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was prepared for real-time monitoring of E2 in water samples, through the attachment of E2 imprinted nanoparticles, synthesized by mini-emulsion polymerization, on the gold surface of QCM sensor. QCM sensor surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements. The specificity of the QCM nanosensor was shown by competitive adsorption of E2, stigmasterol and cholesterol. The results showed that QCM nanosensor has high selectivity and sensitivity for E2 even in a wide range of 3.67 nM–3.67 pM. The detection and quantification limits were calculated as 613 fM and 2.04 pM, respectively. According to the results, the proposed molecular imprinted QCM nanosensor is promising cost-friendly alternative for quantification of E2 from ground water. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1164–1169, 2013

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the characteristic features of tumors and relationship between features in cases who underwent surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between December 2007 and March 2011, 106 lesions of 90 cases who underwent excision of NMSC of the head and neck in our clinic were included. The statistical analysis was performed by evaluating the demographic data, histopathologic type, size and thickness of tumor, location, Clark stage, T stage, risk of recurrence and the presence of recurrence, reconstruction technique and success rate of surgery. RESULTS Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was approximately two-fold more common than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The most common locations of tumors were the nose and lip. Most of lesions (71.7%) were at high-risk of recurrence. When the relationship of histopathologic type with the size and depth of tumor were analyzed, it was found that the size and thickness of tumor in SCC were relatively higher with a statistically significant difference. The relationship between histopathologic type and the location of tumors was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION Basal cell carcinoma is the most common NMSC of the head and neck. Most of these cases have the potential of high rate of recurrence. The size and thickness of SCC are higher than BCC.

Supermacroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) cryogel carrying DNA was used in the removal of anti-dsDNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient plasma. The PHEMA cryogel was prepared by bulk polymerization which proceeds in an aqueous solution of monomer frozen inside a plastic syringe. After thawing, the PHEMA cryogel contains a continuous matrix having interconnected macropores of 10–200 μm size. Pore volume in the PHEMA cryogel was 67.5%. Ester groups in the PHEMA structure were converted to imine groups by reacting with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) in the presence of NaHCO 3 . Amino (− NH 2 ) content of PEI-modified PHEMA cryogel was determined as 82 mg PEI/g. Then, DNA was attached onto the PHEMA cryogel via amino groups (53.4 mg DNA/g cryogel). Anti-dsDNA-antibody concentration declined significantly from 780 IU/ml to 80 IU/ml with the time. The maximum anti-dsDNA-antibody adsorption amount was 70 × 10 3 IU/g. Anti-dsDNA-antibodies could be repeatedly adsorbed and eluted without noticeable loss in the anti-dsDNA-antibody adsorption amount.

SUMMARY: Özgür E, Aksu H, Gürbüz-Özgür B, Başak HS, Eskiizmir G. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders are risk factors for recurrent epistaxis in children: a prospective case-controlled study. Turk J Pediatr 2016; 58: 291-296. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other disruptive behavior disorders in children with recurrent epistaxis (RE). Children aged between 6-11 years were enrolled according to presence (n=34) and absence (n=103) of RE. Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale was applied to parents. Moreover, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime Version was performed. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and ADHD were determined in 17.6% and 32.4% of patients, respectively. When psychiatric diagnoses between both groups were compared, statistically significant differences were found in terms of ADHD and ODD (p=0.028 and p=0.003). In children with RE, the frequency of ADHD and ODD are higher than children without RE. A referral to a child psychiatrist should be considered, if a child with RE also has symptoms of increased activity, inattention and/or body-injurious behaviors.

Electrical interconnections are one of the main challenges in the printed electronics, to connect different functional units of anelectronic device. With the progressive advancement of large area and low cost printed electronic devices, the requirement forreliable interconnections with lower power consumption fabricated at low temperature is necessary. The conventional copperbased interconnections suffer severe problems in terms of cost efficiency when they are processed with photolithographytechnique. Therefore, there is being a copious amount of re-search to find alternative interconnect materials to overcome suchproblems. Recently, carbon nanotubes (Kordas et al. 2006), silver nanowires (Liu et al. 2011) and graphene (Huang et al. 2011)are being developed as the alter-native interconnection materials. Among them, graphene has high potential for suchapplication due to its remarkable inherent properties: high electrical conductivity, high transparency, mechanical flexibility,higher tensile strength, higher thermal conductivity, extremely high surface area and higher electron mobility. In spite of thoseexcellent properties, graphene has some shortcomings which are needed to be solved. Stacking of graphene sheets issues largeinterface resistance, which is responsible for poor electrical performance. Printing of graphene proved to be a promisingapproach since it combines the attractive features of graphene and the cost effective printing methods (ink-jet printing, nozzleprinting, spray printing) which enable additive patterning, direct writing, scalability to large area manufacturing. In order tofacilitate the printing process, the graphene solution needs to be highly stable, uniform and should contain smaller sheet sizes (~1μm). In this work we have proposed a cost-effective approach for large-scale production of printable stable graphene solutionto be used for the printing of inter-connects. The liquid-phase shear exfoliation (Paton, et al. 2014) of graphite allowed us toprepare large-scale production of solution with exfoliated graphene sheets. The process is scalable and requires shorterprocessing time compared to the other existing exfoliation methods. We have exfoliated graphene sheets from graphite flakesusing environmental-friendly solvent, ethanol, and a stabilizing polymer, ethyl cellulose (EC). The ethyl cellulose was used inorder to encapsulate graphene sheets in the solution and to avoid any reversible process (Secor, et al. 2013). The graphenebased solution prepared after several optimizations of the shear-mixing process leads to a stable solution for more than threemonths without any sedimentation. The microscopic studies of the films prepared from the spin-coating of the solution showedgraphene sheets without any agglomeration and with sheet sizes < 1μm. The process allowed us to prepare a cost-effectivegraphene solution which can be used for producing electrical interconnections by various printing methods.

WOS: 000349082200095, The detection of pathogenic bacteria is essential for a sustainable prevention of water quality and by this way prevention of life threatening illnesses. It is important to use rapid methods for pathogenic bacteria detection but traditional detection methods may take up to a whole week. In this report, we describe a molecular imprinting based bacteria sensor via whole cell imprinting for rapid detection of bacteria from water sources. Here, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is selected as model bacteria because of it is one of the most abundant pathogenic bacteria in ground water sources and may cause severe illnesses. The presence of E. coli in the water sources is an indicator of urban and agricultural runoffs, so monitoring E. coli contamination is important to preserve quality of the water sources. Traditional detection methods for E. coli include genomic analysis, antibody based assays, culture methods, fluorescence and microscopy. Disadvantages of traditional bacteria detection methods induce many researches on other detection methods like biosensors. In this study, a new label-free rapid and selective detection method was developed via micro contact imprinting of whole cell on both optical and mass sensitive devices. The amino acid based recognition element, N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methylester (a polymerizable form of histidine) was used in this study to obtain similar recognition as in natural antibodies., Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Republic of Turkey [1236.TGSD.2013]; Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) of Republic of Turkey [2216], This research has been carried out with supports from the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Republic of Turkey with grant number 1236.TGSD.2013 and 2216 program of Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) of Republic of Turkey.