79 results on '"Erb, Karlheinz"'
Search Results
52. Interpretation of scenario results in terms of described and mapped land change trajectories and archetypes:(Deliverable No: 11.2: / EC Contract Ref: FP7-ENV-2010-265104)
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Kuemmerle, Tobias, Stürck, Julia, Levers, Christian, Müller, Daniel, Erb, Karlheinz, Gingrich, Simone, Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck, Kastner, Thomas, Verkerk, Pieter Johannes, Verburg, Peter H., Kuemmerle, Tobias, Stürck, Julia, Levers, Christian, Müller, Daniel, Erb, Karlheinz, Gingrich, Simone, Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck, Kastner, Thomas, Verkerk, Pieter Johannes, and Verburg, Peter H.
- Abstract
Module VISIONS seeks to identify critical pathways to reach desired futures for land systems (i.e., visions). In order to do so, work package (WP) 11 links the model-based scenarios (module ASSESSMENT) to the visions formulated derived in a transdisciplinary process together with stakeholders. Within WP11, deliverable 11.2 documents three analyses carried out to interpret the scenario outcomes in light of the insights gained from studying recent and longterm land use change (module PROCESSES): (1) a delineation and mapping of high-level, typical land change trajectories; (2) an assessment of future developments of current land change archetypes; and (3) an interpretation of future land change in light of long-term land system trajectories. Synthesizing across these analyses, six key insights emerged. First, future land change was relatively similar across marker scenarios and different policy alternatives, for many regions in Europe, suggesting strong path dependency. Second, the impact of policy options can differ (a) between regions in Europe and (b) among marker scenarios, highlighting the need for contextualized, regionalized policy making. Third, the expansion and intensification of agriculture were projected to be particularly strong in a world with fewer interventions. Nature protection schemes as well as payments for ecosystem services were the most effective policy alternatives constraining future agricultural intensification. Fourth, land systems will likely continue to become more polarized with intensified production and abandonment of marginal areas continuing. Fifth, future land changes were projected to be well within the range of longterm historic land system changes. Finally, modelled scenarios generally suggest gradual, though not always linear future land system trends, overall rather indicating a continuation of prevailing management regimes rather than drastic regime shifts.
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- 2014
53. Land management and land-cover change have impacts of similar magnitude on surface temperature
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Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, primary, Jammet, Mathilde, additional, Stoy, Paul C., additional, Estel, Stephan, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Ceschia, Eric, additional, Churkina, Galina, additional, Don, Axel, additional, Erb, KarlHeinz, additional, Ferlicoq, Morgan, additional, Gielen, Bert, additional, Grünwald, Thomas, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Klumpp, Katja, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Kolb, Thomas, additional, Kuemmerle, Tobias, additional, Laurila, Tuomas, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Loustau, Denis, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Meyfroidt, Patrick, additional, Moors, Eddy J., additional, Naudts, Kim, additional, Novick, Kim, additional, Otto, Juliane, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pio, Casimiro A., additional, Rambal, Serge, additional, Rebmann, Corinna, additional, Ryder, James, additional, Suyker, Andrew E., additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Wattenbach, Martin, additional, and Dolman, A. Johannes, additional
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- 2014
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54. The need for improved maps of global cropland
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Fritz, Steffen; See, Linda; You, Liangzhi; Justice, Chris; Becker-Reshef, Inbal; Bydekerke, Lieven; Cumani, Renato; Defourny, Pierre; Erb, Karlheinz; Foley, Jon; Gilliams, Sven; Gong, Peng; Hansen, Matt; Hertel, Thomas; Herold, Martin; Herrero, Mario; Kayitakire, Francois; Latham, John; Leo, Olivier; McCallum, Ian; Obersteiner, Michael; Ramankutty, Navin; Rocha, Jansle; Tang, Huajun; Thornton, Philip; Vancutsem, Christelle; van der Velde, Marijn; Wood, Stanley; Woodcock, Curtis, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-8814 You, Liangzhi, Fritz, Steffen; See, Linda; You, Liangzhi; Justice, Chris; Becker-Reshef, Inbal; Bydekerke, Lieven; Cumani, Renato; Defourny, Pierre; Erb, Karlheinz; Foley, Jon; Gilliams, Sven; Gong, Peng; Hansen, Matt; Hertel, Thomas; Herold, Martin; Herrero, Mario; Kayitakire, Francois; Latham, John; Leo, Olivier; McCallum, Ian; Obersteiner, Michael; Ramankutty, Navin; Rocha, Jansle; Tang, Huajun; Thornton, Philip; Vancutsem, Christelle; van der Velde, Marijn; Wood, Stanley; Woodcock, Curtis, and http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-8814 You, Liangzhi
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PR, IFPRI3; CRP7, EPTD, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
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- 2013
55. Efficient treatment of cross-scale interactions in a land-use model
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Kurths, Jürgen, Held, Hermann, Erb, Karlheinz, Dietrich, Jan Philipp, Kurths, Jürgen, Held, Hermann, Erb, Karlheinz, and Dietrich, Jan Philipp
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Computermodelle stellen heute ein Standardwerkzeug in vielen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen dar. Einer ihrer Hauptzwecke ist die Verknüpfung von Prozessen verschiedener Skalen. Verzichtet man auf diese Verknüpfung im Modell, sind realistische Prognosen meist ausgeschlossen, bildet man die Realität 1:1 nach, wird das Modell unlösbar. Wichtig ist daher eine gute Balance zwischen Genauigkeit und Abstraktion. Ich untersuche Möglichkeiten, skalenübergreifende Interaktionen in der Landnutzungsmodellierung effizient zu implementieren. Fokus liegt dabei auf zwei Prozessen: 1.Der Nutzung hochaufgelöster Daten im Modell. 2.Dem technologischer Wandel als landwirtschaftlichem Treiber. Häufig können hochaufgelöste Daten augrund limitierter Modellkomplexität nicht direkt verwendet werden. Meist wird dieses Problem gelöst, indem die Daten nach einem statischen Aggregationsschema hochskaliert werden. Als Alternative diskutiere ich den Einsatz von Clusteralgorithmen. Meine Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der entstehende Informationsverlust bei Verwendung von Clusteralgorithmen signifikant geringer ist als bei der Verwendung statischer Aggregationsvorschriften. Ein weiterer in der Landwirtschaft wichtiger Prozess ist technologischer Wandel. Während in der Vergangenheit Steigerungen in der Produktion meist durch Landexpansion erreicht wurden, so geschieht dies heute häufig durch Intensivierung. Ich präsentiere eine Modellimplementierung dieses Prozesses mitsamt der Rückkopplung der Landnutzungsintensität auf die Effektivität zugehöriger Investitionen. Grundlage dafür ist ein neuentwickeltes Maß für landwirtschaftliche Landnutungsintensität. Damit zeige ich, dass die Effektivität von Investitionen mit steigender Landnutzungsintensität sinkt. Meine Arbeit zeigt, dass außer dem Detailgrad eines Modells auch die Struktur der verwendeten Implementierungen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die generelle Qualität der Simulation hat und insgesamt mehr Beachtung in der Modellierung finden sollte., Computer models have become a common tool in various disciplines. A major challenge in modeling is the linking of processes on different scales. Neglecting cross-scale interactions leads to biases in model projections while a 1:1 representation is computational infeasible. Therefore, a good balance between accuracy and abstraction is essential. I investigate efficient implementations of cross-scale interactions in agricultural land-use models. I focus on two dominant aspects: First, the inclusion of spatially explicit data in a global optimization model; second, the proper representation of technological change as a driver for land use change. As a consequence of limitations in complexity of global optimization models the problem arises that high-resolution data cannot be used directly as model input. Typically, the spatially explicit data is upscaled by using a static upscaling rule. As an alternative I discuss the use of clustering methods for upscaling. I provide a general framework including the creation of clusters, the upscaling of inputs, and the downscaling of outputs. My investigations show that the information loss due to upscaling decreases significantly with cluster methods compared to static grids. Another important process in agriculture is technological change. Whereas in the past increases in agricultural production were mainly achieved by agricultural land expansion, nowadays most increases in total production are outcome of intensification due to technological change. To model this feedback I introduce a measure for agricultural land-use intensity. Based on this measure I show that the effectiveness of investments in technological change decreases with the agricultural land-use intensity. My findings imply that apart from detailedness especially the implementation has a significant impact on general model quality. Therefore, in model development the framework used for implementation should be emphasized to a greater extent.
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- 2011
56. Stocks, flows, and prospects of land
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Seto, Karen C., Groot, Rudolf de, Bringezu, Stefan, Erb, Karlheinz, Graedel, Thomas E., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Schmitz, Oswald J., Skole, David L., Seto, Karen C., Groot, Rudolf de, Bringezu, Stefan, Erb, Karlheinz, Graedel, Thomas E., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Schmitz, Oswald J., and Skole, David L.
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- 2010
57. Kohlenstoff. Man and Biosphere Programme (MaB)|Planet Austria
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Haberl, Helmut, Erb, Karlheinz, Haberl, Helmut, and Erb, Karlheinz
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- 2009
58. The Need for Improved Maps of Global Cropland
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Fritz, Steffen, primary, See, Linda, additional, You, Liangzhi, additional, Justice, Chris, additional, Becker-Reshef, Inbal, additional, Bydekerke, Lieven, additional, Cumani, Renato, additional, Defourny, Pierre, additional, Erb, Karlheinz, additional, Foley, Jon, additional, Gilliams, Sven, additional, Gong, Peng, additional, Hansen, Matt, additional, Hertel, Thomas, additional, Herold, Martin, additional, Herrero, Mario, additional, Kayitakire, Francois, additional, Latham, John, additional, Leo, Olivier, additional, McCallum, Ian, additional, Obersteiner, Michael, additional, Ramankutty, Navin, additional, Rocha, Jansle, additional, Tang, Huajun, additional, Thornton, Philip, additional, Vancutsem, Christelle, additional, van der Velde, Marijn, additional, Wood, Stan, additional, and Woodcock, Curtis, additional
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- 2013
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59. Re-designing the Research Agenda of MAB-Austria, in special consideraton of BRIM A Feasibility Study Final Report
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Reiter, Karl, Erb, Karlheinz, Ertl, Siegrun, Singh, Simron J., Gaube, Veronika, Reiter, Karl, Erb, Karlheinz, Ertl, Siegrun, Singh, Simron J., and Gaube, Veronika
- Published
- 2005
60. Impacts of Scaling up Agroecology on the Sustainability of European Agriculture in 2050
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Mayer, Andreas, Kalt, Gerald, Kaufmann, Lisa, Röös, Elin, Muller, Adrian, Weisshaidinger, Rainer, Frehner, Anita, Roux, Nicolas, Smith, Pete, Theurl, Michaela Clarissa, Matej, Sarah, and Erb, Karlheinz
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Sustainability ,Food system ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Agriculture ,Policy environments and social economy ,Agroecology - Abstract
The European Commission recently embraced the concept of agroecology as a pathway to reduce negative impacts from agri-food systems on the environment. So far, it remains unclear whether agroecology can deliver on these high hopes if implemented on a large scale. We here assess socio-economic and environmental implications of multiple agroecological futures in the European Union in 2050, based on a novel diagnostic scenario approach, i.e. the biomass balancing model BioBaM-GHG 2.0. We find that agroecological measures from the plot to the food systems level can indeed reduce environmental pressures while maintaining domestic food availability within the EU. Such measures are, for example, more hedgerows on croplands or reduced biomass harvest on high natural value – HNV grasslands. However, a key prerequisite is an overall reduction of the food system's size (based on the reduction of animal production, food wastes, and export production) and an optimised crop-livestock integration. Only then does the transformation towards an agroecological agri-food system in the EU not risk overstretching domestic land availability or produce insufficient agricultural commodities. Mitigating the accompanied trade-off of reduced farm income is a central mandate for policy development aimed at re-designing agriculture in Europe to align with the Green Deal goals.
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61. Kapitel 6. Landnutzungsentscheidungen: Klimawandelrelevante Strategien, Steuerungsinstrumente und Managementansätze
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Darnhofer, Ika, Dobernig, Karin, Jäger, Jill, Kettner-Marx, Claudia, Leitinger, Georg, Meyer, Ina, Scharler, Markus, Sinabell, Franz, Weber, Gerlind, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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62. Technische Zusammenfassung
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Anderl, Michael, Baumgarten, Andreas, Bohner, Andreas, Borsky, Stefan, Bruckman, Viktor J., Bruckner, Martin, Díaz-Pinés, Eugenio, Dobernig, Karin, Dumke, Hartmut, Eitzinger, Josef, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fischer, Tatjana, Formayer, Herbert, Freudenschuss, Alexandra, Gaube, Veronika, Getzner, Michael, Gingrich, Simone, Glatzel, Stephan, Gratzer, Georg, Haas, Willi, Jäger, Jill, Jandl, Robert, Kirchner, Mathias, Kitzler, Barbara, Koch, Andreas, Kottusch, Charlotte, Kraxner, Florian, Lapin, Katharina, Leitinger, Georg, Lexer, Manfred J., Lindenthal, Thomas, Loibl, Wolfgang, Mehdi-Schulz, Bano, Meyer, Ina, Miloczki, Julia, Obrovsky, Michael, Penker, Marianne, Sandén, Taru, Scharler, Markus, Schauberger, Günther, Mag. Dr. MSc. Schaumberger, Andreas, Schinko, Thomas, Shinozaki, Kyoko, Schirpke, Uta, Schmid, Carmen, Schneider, Stefan, Schöner, Wolfgang, Schüler, Silvio, Spiegel, Heide, Stöglehner, Gernot, Stumpp, Christine, Sturmbauer, Christian, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tasser, Erich, Thaler, Thomas, Theurl, Michaela, Tötzer, Tanja, Voigt, Andreas, Weber, Karin, Weber, Gerlind, Weiss, Peter, Wenzel, Walter, Zessner, Matthias, Zoboli, Ottavia, Zollitsch, Werner, Zuvela-Aloise, Maja, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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63. Kapitel 7. Raumplanung und Klimawandel
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Dumke, Hartmut, Fischer, Tatjana, Getzner, Michael, Stöglehner, Gernot, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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64. Kapitel 4. Anpassungsoptionen in der Landnutzung an den Klimawandel
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Baumgarten, Andreas, Freudenschuss, Alexandra, Grüneis, Heidi, Konrad, Heino, Lapin, Katharina, Lexer, Manfred J., Miloczki, Julia, Sandén, Taru, Schauberger, Günther, Mag. Dr. MSc. Schaumberger, Andreas, Schüler, Silvio, Stumpp, Christine, Zoboli, Ottavia, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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65. Kapitel 3. Sozioökonomische und klimatische Treiber der Änderung der Landnutzung in Österreich
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Borsky, Stefan, Thaler, Thomas, Gaube, Veronika, Kirchner, Mathias, Loibl, Wolfgang, Mehdi-Schulz, Bano, Schirpke, Uta, Schneider, Stefan, Zuvela-Aloise, Maja, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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66. Kapitel 1. Ziele, Herangehensweise und Kontext
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Bohner, Andreas, Eitzinger, Josef, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Formayer, Herbert, Haas, Willi, Jandl, Robert, Matthews, Bradley, Meyer, Ina, Spiegel, Heide, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tasser, Erich, Voigt, Andreas, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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67. Kapitel 5. Mitigation des Klimawandels
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Bruckman, Viktor J., Glatzel, Stephan, Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca, Jandl, Robert, Kottusch, Charlotte, Kraxner, Florian, Lindenthal, Thomas, Schmid, Carmen, Theurl, Michaela, Tötzer, Tanja, Zollitsch, Werner, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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68. Kapitel 9. Synopsis – Synergien, Zielkonflikte und Umsetzungsbarrieren von Klimaanpassungs- und Klimaschutzmaßnahmen
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Baumgarten, Andreas, Raich, Joachim, Schüler, Silvio, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tasser, Erich, Tötzer, Tanja, Zollitsch, Werner, Bertsch-Hörmann, Bastian, Bethge, Paula, Bruckman, Viktor J., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Gingrich, Simone, Glatzel, Stephan, Jandl, Robert, Kottusch, Charlotte, Kraxner, Florian, Lapin, Katharina, Mehdi-Schulz, Bano, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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69. Zusammenfassung für Entscheidungstragende
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Baumgarten, Andreas, Dumke, Hartmut, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fischer, Tatjana, Formayer, Herbert, Gaube, Veronika, Getzner, Michael, Gingrich, Simone, Gratzer, Georg, Haas, Willi, Hinterberger, Friedrich, Jäger, Jill, Jandl, Robert, Kottusch, Charlotte, Kraxner, Florian, Lapin, Katharina, Meyer, Ina, Schinko, Thomas, Shinozaki, Kyoko, Schneider, Stefan, Schüler, Silvio, Stöglehner, Gernot, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tasser, Erich, Thaler, Thomas, Weiss, Peter, Wenzel, Walter, Zollitsch, Werner, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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70. Kapitel 8. Landnutzung und Klimawandel im Kontext der Nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele
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Damyanovic, Doris, Gratzer, Georg, Hinterberger, Friedrich, Koch, Andreas, Obrovsky, Michael, Penker, Marianne, Schinko, Thomas, Shinozaki, Kyoko, Sturmbauer, Christian, Weber, Karin, Zessner, Matthias, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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71. Kapitel 2. Auswirkungen der Landnutzung und -bewirtschaftung sowie naturnaher Ökosysteme auf den Klimawandel: Biophysikalische Effekte, Treibhausgasemissionen und Kohlenstoffspeicher
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Anderl, Michael, Bruckner, Martin, Díaz-Pinés, Eugenio, Gingrich, Simone, Hörtenhuber, Stefan, Kitzler, Barbara, Schindlbacher, Andreas, Schöner, Wolfgang, Weiss, Peter, Wenzel, Walter, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor
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- 2024
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72. Territorial impact of agro-ecological farming practices and food systems transformation in the EU in 2050
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Mayer, Andreas, Röös, Elin, Muller, Adrian, Ferguson, Shon, Kalt, Gerald, Hart, Rob, Smith, Pete, Kaufmann, Lisa, Roux, Nico, and Erb, Karlheinz
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2. Zero hunger ,13. Climate action ,UNISECO H2020 project ,agro-ecological farming practices ,food systems transformation ,territorial impacts ,European Union ,12. Responsible consumption - Abstract
Presentation at the UNISECO H2020 Final Conference, 18-19 March 2021 https://uniseco-project.eu/final-conference UNISECO is a European research project aiming to develop innovative approaches to enhance the understanding of socio-economic and policy drivers and barriers for further development and implementation of agro-ecological practices in EU farming systems. Learn more about the project: https://uniseco-project.eu/ This project has received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 773901.
73. Middle-range theories of land system change
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Meyfroidt, Patrick, Chowdhury, Rinku Roy, Brémond, Ariane Carole, Ellis, Erle, Erb, Karlheinz, Filatova, Tatiana, Garrett, Rachael, Grove, J. Morgan, Heinimann, Andreas, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Kull, Christian A., Lambin, Eric F., Landon, Y., Le Polain De Waroux, Yann, Messerli, Peter, Müller, Daniel, Nielsen, Jonas, Peterson, Garry, García, V. Rodriguez, Schlüter, Maja, Turner, Benjamin L., and Verburg, Peter H.
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2. Zero hunger ,13. Climate action ,910 Geography & travel ,15. Life on land
74. Report on the methodological specification of the spatially-explicit modelling framework
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Müller, Adrian, Mayer, Andreas, Erb, Karlheinz, Kalt, Gerald, Lauk, Christian, Theurl, Michaela, Kaufmann, Lisa, Frehner, Anita, Pfeiffer, Catherine, Moakes, Simon, and Schader, Christian
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2. Zero hunger - Abstract
The UNISECO project aims to provide recommendations on how the sustainability of agro-ecological farming systems (AEFS) in Europe can be promoted. These recommendations build also upon model-based upscaling to territorial level of case-study based results on various AEFS throughout the partner countries. This deliverable in detail describes the models to do this upscaling, starting with the general context, the description of the conceptual aspects of the mass- and nutrient-flow modelling as used in UNISECO, and then the detailed description of the two biophysical models employed for this.
75. Challenges and opportunities in mapping land use intensity globally
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Kuemmerle, Tobias, Erb, Karlheinz, Meyfroidt, Patrick, M��ller, Daniel, Verburg, Peter H, Hostert, Patrick, Jepsen, Martin R., Kastner, Thomas, Levers, Christian, Lindner, Marcus, Plutzar, Christoph, Verkerk, Pieter Johannes, Van Der Zanden, Emma H, and Reenberg, Anette
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2. Zero hunger ,areas ,net primary production ,15. Life on land ,time-series data ,550 Geowissenschaften ,multitemporal modis ,13. Climate action ,map ,global patterns ,deforestation ,333.7 Nat��rliche Resourcen, Energie und Umwelt ,cover ,imagery ,agriculture - Abstract
Future increases in land-based production will need to focus more on sustainably intensifying existing production systems. Unfortunately, our understanding of the global patterns of land use intensity is weak, partly because land use intensity is a complex, multidimensional term, and partly because we lack appropriate datasets to assess land use intensity across broad geographic extents. Here, we review the state of the art regarding approaches for mapping land use intensity and provide a comprehensive overview of available global-scale datasets on land use intensity. We also outline major challenges and opportunities for mappinglanduseintensityfor cropland, grazing, and forestry systems, and identify key issues for future research.
76. Territorial impact of agro-ecological farming practices and food systems transformation in the EU in 2050
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Mayer, Andreas, Röös, Elin, Muller, Adrian, Ferguson, Shon, Kalt, Gerald, Hart, Rob, Smith, Pete, Kaufmann, Lisa, Roux, Nico, and Erb, Karlheinz
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2. Zero hunger ,13. Climate action ,UNISECO H2020 project ,agro-ecological farming practices ,food systems transformation ,territorial impacts ,European Union ,12. Responsible consumption - Abstract
Presentation at the UNISECO H2020 Final Conference, 18-19 March 2021 https://uniseco-project.eu/final-conference UNISECO is a European research project aiming to develop innovative approaches to enhance the understanding of socio-economic and policy drivers and barriers for further development and implementation of agro-ecological practices in EU farming systems. Learn more about the project: https://uniseco-project.eu/ This project has received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 773901.
77. Assessing the impact of land use on the carbon state of global vegetation.
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Erb, Karlheinz, Gingrich, Simone, Niedertscheider, Maria, Plutzar, Christoph, and Haberl, Helmut
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LAND use , *CARBON , *PLANTS - Published
- 2018
78. Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocen
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Beringer, Tim, Lucht, Wolfgang, Erb, Karlheinz, and Hickler, Thomas
- Subjects
Landnutzungswandel ,land use change ,Klimawandel ,global carbon cycle ,RB 10438 ,sustainability ,550 Geowissenschaften ,climate change ,globales Biosphärenmodell ,global biosphere model ,nachhaltige Landnutzung ,ddc:550 ,globaler Kohlenstoffkreislauf ,31 Geowissenschaften ,RB 10486 ,RB 10696 ,Klimafolgen ,climate impacts - Abstract
In nie dagewesener Größenordnung greift der Mensch durch die Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger und der weiträumigen Umgestaltung der Landoberfläche in die globale Umwelt ein. Klimawandel und Übernutzung natürlicher Ressourcen könnten schon in diesem Jahrhundert die Anpassungsfähigkeiten vieler ökologischer und sozialer Systeme übersteigen und somit zu Konflikten und politischer Destabilisierung führen. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll diese Studie zu einem besseren Verständnis der wichtigsten globalen Triebkräfte beitragen, die die Entwicklung der terrestrischen Biosphäre in diesem Jahrhundert prägen werden: Klimawandel und menschliche Landnutzung. Auf der Basis eines Dynamischen Globalen Vegetationsmodells werden im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei große klimatische Störungen des globalen Kohlenstoffkreislaufs untersucht, die innerhalb der letzten drei Jahrzehnte beobachtet wurden. Im Fordergrund steht die Frage, wie sich die Veränderungen von Temperatur-, Niederschlags- und Strahlungsbedingungen auf pflanzliche Produktivität und Zersetzungsprozesse im Boden auswirkten. Es zeigt sich, dass vermehrte Kohlenstoffspeicherung in der Landbiosphäre den überwiegenden Teil der atmosphärischen CO2 Anomalien erklärt. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der weltweit steigenden Nachfrage nach Bioenergie, die aufgrund des flächenintensiven Anbaus von Biomasse zur wichtigsten Triebkraft für zukünftige Landnutzungsänderungen werden könnte. Aus der Kombination von Vegetationsmodellierung und räumlichen Datenanalysen werden globale Bioenergiepotentiale unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Nachhaltigkeitsanforderungen bestimmt und mögliche ökologische Auswirkungen des großräumigen Anbaus von Energiepflanzen abgeschätzt. Im Jahr 2050 könnten demnach 15-25% des weltweiten Energiebedarfs durch Bioenergie abgedeckt werden. Dafür müssten allerdings natürliche Ökosysteme in großem Umfang in Agrarland umgewandelt werden. Human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and the global modification of the land surface, are transforming the Earth System at unprecedented scale. Climate change and the overexploitation of natural resources may soon overwhelm the adaptive capacities of many ecosystems and societies, which could lead to substantial losses in human well-being and political destabilization. In this context, it is the goal of this thesis to contribute to a better understanding of the most important global drivers that will determine the future of the land biosphere during this century: climate change and human land use. Based on a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), the first part of this thesis examines two large climatic disturbances of the terrestrial carbon cycle that were observed during the last three decades. These analyses focus on the effects of changes in temperature, precipitation and radiation on plant productivity and soil decomposition. Results indicate that increased carbon storage in the land biosphere explains the most part of the atmospheric CO2 anomaly. The second part of this thesis addresses the worldwide increasing demand for bioenergy that may become the most important driver of future land use change due to the large area requirements of biomass cultivation. A combination of vegetation modeling and spatial data analyses is used to assess global bioenergy potentials that consider various sustainability requirements for food security, biodiversity protection and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the environmental impacts of large-scale energy crop cultivation. The results indicate that bioenergy may provide between 15 and 25% of the global energy demand in 2050. Exploiting these potentials, however, requires the conversion of large amounts of natural vegetation into agricultural land affecting a large number of ecosystems already fragmented and degraded by land use change.
- Published
- 2012
79. Efficient treatment of cross-scale interactions in a land-use model
- Author
-
Dietrich, Jan Philipp, Kurths, Jürgen, Held, Hermann, and Erb, Karlheinz
- Subjects
cross-scale interactions ,data aggregation ,Intensivierung ,Modellierung ,land use ,modeling ,skalenübergreifende Interaktionen ,Datenaggregation ,530 Physik ,Landnutzungsintensität ,29 Physik, Astronomie ,scale ,Landnutzung ,land use intensity ,ddc:530 ,intensification ,Skalen - Abstract
Computermodelle stellen heute ein Standardwerkzeug in vielen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen dar. Einer ihrer Hauptzwecke ist die Verknüpfung von Prozessen verschiedener Skalen. Verzichtet man auf diese Verknüpfung im Modell, sind realistische Prognosen meist ausgeschlossen, bildet man die Realität 1:1 nach, wird das Modell unlösbar. Wichtig ist daher eine gute Balance zwischen Genauigkeit und Abstraktion. Ich untersuche Möglichkeiten, skalenübergreifende Interaktionen in der Landnutzungsmodellierung effizient zu implementieren. Fokus liegt dabei auf zwei Prozessen: 1.Der Nutzung hochaufgelöster Daten im Modell. 2.Dem technologischer Wandel als landwirtschaftlichem Treiber. Häufig können hochaufgelöste Daten augrund limitierter Modellkomplexität nicht direkt verwendet werden. Meist wird dieses Problem gelöst, indem die Daten nach einem statischen Aggregationsschema hochskaliert werden. Als Alternative diskutiere ich den Einsatz von Clusteralgorithmen. Meine Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der entstehende Informationsverlust bei Verwendung von Clusteralgorithmen signifikant geringer ist als bei der Verwendung statischer Aggregationsvorschriften. Ein weiterer in der Landwirtschaft wichtiger Prozess ist technologischer Wandel. Während in der Vergangenheit Steigerungen in der Produktion meist durch Landexpansion erreicht wurden, so geschieht dies heute häufig durch Intensivierung. Ich präsentiere eine Modellimplementierung dieses Prozesses mitsamt der Rückkopplung der Landnutzungsintensität auf die Effektivität zugehöriger Investitionen. Grundlage dafür ist ein neuentwickeltes Maß für landwirtschaftliche Landnutungsintensität. Damit zeige ich, dass die Effektivität von Investitionen mit steigender Landnutzungsintensität sinkt. Meine Arbeit zeigt, dass außer dem Detailgrad eines Modells auch die Struktur der verwendeten Implementierungen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die generelle Qualität der Simulation hat und insgesamt mehr Beachtung in der Modellierung finden sollte. Computer models have become a common tool in various disciplines. A major challenge in modeling is the linking of processes on different scales. Neglecting cross-scale interactions leads to biases in model projections while a 1:1 representation is computational infeasible. Therefore, a good balance between accuracy and abstraction is essential. I investigate efficient implementations of cross-scale interactions in agricultural land-use models. I focus on two dominant aspects: First, the inclusion of spatially explicit data in a global optimization model; second, the proper representation of technological change as a driver for land use change. As a consequence of limitations in complexity of global optimization models the problem arises that high-resolution data cannot be used directly as model input. Typically, the spatially explicit data is upscaled by using a static upscaling rule. As an alternative I discuss the use of clustering methods for upscaling. I provide a general framework including the creation of clusters, the upscaling of inputs, and the downscaling of outputs. My investigations show that the information loss due to upscaling decreases significantly with cluster methods compared to static grids. Another important process in agriculture is technological change. Whereas in the past increases in agricultural production were mainly achieved by agricultural land expansion, nowadays most increases in total production are outcome of intensification due to technological change. To model this feedback I introduce a measure for agricultural land-use intensity. Based on this measure I show that the effectiveness of investments in technological change decreases with the agricultural land-use intensity. My findings imply that apart from detailedness especially the implementation has a significant impact on general model quality. Therefore, in model development the framework used for implementation should be emphasized to a greater extent.
- Published
- 2011
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