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BackgroundWe conducted a community-based participatory environmental health study in three towns: two in the heart of Marseille's industrial zone (Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône), and one on the periphery located about 30 km away (Saint-Martin-de-Crau).MethodsWe first conducted a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of residents in each of the three towns. We asked study participants to self-report a wide variety of health issues (Port-Saint-Louis: n = 272, Fos-sur-Mer: n = 543, Saint-Martin-de-Crau: n = 439). We then conducted focus groups with residents and other stakeholders to share preliminary data in order to propose areas of reflection and collaboratively produce contextually-situated knowledge of their health and environment. We directly standardized the prevalences (by age and gender) to the French metropolitan population to make our results more comparable.ResultsStudy participants who lived closer to the core industrial zone (residents of Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhone) had higher prevalences of eye irritation, nose and throat problems, chronic skin problems and headaches than people who lived further away (residents of Saint-Martin-de-Crau). Residents also offered diverse qualitative insights about their environment and health experiences.DiscussionWe observed elevated prevalences of diseases that affected residents across the industrial zone (Fos-sur-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône) compared to those living outside (Saint-Martin-de-Crau), and qualitative evidence of how residents made sense of their health experiences strengthening an understanding of their own empirical observations which helps to produce knowledge about health in an industrial context. The results of the workshops show an important benefit from the co-production of local knowledge.ConclusionWe encourage future researchers to do in-depth, community-based research to comprehensively describe the health of residents in other heavily polluted zones, product local knowledge and to help identify policy solutions, engender trust among the local people, and identify opportunities for intervention.

The elderly population is on the increase globally according to the current global demographic changes and is more vulnerable to burn injuries. Despite recent advances in burn care, the outcome of burns in the elderly has only marginally improved when compared with children and younger adults. The objective of this study was to determine the patterns and outcomes of burns in the elderly and eventually proffer prevention strategies. A retrospective review of all the elderly (65 years and older) burn patients managed at the Burn Centre of National Orthopaedic Hospital Igbobi Lagos (NOHIL) between January 2015 and December 2019 was performed. The socio-demographic data, clinical information surrounding the burn injury and management were extracted from the medical records, analyzed and presented. A total of 21 patients were included in this study, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. Flame burns represented the commonest cause of burns (85.7%) and the majority had pre-injury comorbidities (57.1%). All the patients with %TBSA of less than 40% were successfully managed and discharged while death occurred in all the patients with %TBSA of 40% and above, with a mortality rate of 11.1%. This study provided an epidemiological profile of elderly burn patients in Nigeria. One in five burn admissions is elderly, with flame burns being the major cause of burns. Most of the burns occurred indoors and were related to cooking activities. Prevention strategies were recommended to improve home safety and make the home a safer place for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive observational study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of children hospitalized for burnsin Guyana, a French districtwhich does not have a burn treatment centre, and direct prevention towardsthe populations most atrisk. Retrospective analysis of 665 hospitalizations was made thanksto the coding of patients aged 0 to 18, hospitalized for burns between January 2010 and December 2022 at Cayenne Hospital Centre. Univariate and multivariate descriptive analyses were carried out on age, sex, municipality of origin, date of burn, duration of hospitalization, mode of burn, location, percentage and depth of burn. A total 416 children with "burn" coding were hospitalized overthis period and 358 patients were included. Burns were more common in males(58%) and in children under 6 (75%). A majority of patients were townspeople and lived on the coast (70%). 9.5% of patients were transferred to Trousseau Hospital in Paris for more specialized care. 61% of burns were caused by hot water and 16.5% by flames. Duration of hospitalization was on average 8 days and the burnt skin surface was 9.5%. Children under 2 years old living in Cayenne and its suburbs are the most at risk of burns, but the most serious burns requiring a transfer to Paris are found in children over 3 years old living on the Maroni River and playing with flammable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their potential severity, collisions against obstacles on alpine ski slopes remain poorly described and a better understanding of these accidents is required to improve the protection of users on the slopes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the impact conditions applied to the human body during collisions against obstacles by coupling multibody simulations while skiing with an epidemiological analysis to model representative scenarios. In France, between 2014 and 2019, 201,805 snow sports accidents led to ski patrol interventions and/or ski resort doctors' consultations. The 3393 collisions against obstacles included in these accidents were analyzed (population, injuries, accident conditions). Based on this characterization, 1080 multibody simulations of collisions against obstacles were performed. They included various skier speed and size, slope angle, obstacle type and distance at impact to better understand loading conditions applied to the human body. Victims of collisions against obstacles were frequently skiers, young people, wore a helmet and head/neck and trunk were injured in up to 46% of the accidents. The numerical simulations confirmed head protection as a priority, due to the high frequency of head impacts (68%), especially as the first impact location (47%), associated with high normal impact speeds (30 ± 15 km/h). Trunk impacts (63% of the accidents) also appeared at risk. Moreover, the initial speed and the distance to the obstacle are 2 key factors influencing impact severity and should be considered in the slopes' layout. Thus, this work provided an original epidemiological characterization of victims of collisions against obstacles and of their injuries. The large database of numerical simulations identifies the impact conditions of representative accidents. These data and impact conditions are key elements for the evaluation and design of safety mattress, for standards revision, for slopes' layout, for the reconstruction of a specific collision against obstacle and for the evaluation of the potential severity of such accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of systemic diseases (SD) with cutaneous expression associated with HIV infection and to identify the circumstances of their occurrence. Patients and methods: This were a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study of the records of patients hospitalized or followed up at the Voluntary Counselling and Testing Unit (VCT) of the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville, from January 2005 to December 2014. Results: We recorded 63 patients with MS during this period, 13 of whom were HIV positive (20.6%). MS of HIV positive patient was more frequent after 24 years (mean age: 49.5 years) and a male predominance (58.3%). HIV 1 was involved in all cases with a mean CD4 count of 190/mm3 [18-521] at diagnosis of MS. HIV-associated MS were psoriasis (7 cases), cutaneous lymphoma (2 cases), Goujerot-Sjögren syndrome (1 case), pyoderma gangrenosum (1 case), systemic scleroderma (1 case) and sarcoidosis (1 case). They were circumstances of discovery of HIV infection in 7 cases, expression of therapeutic failure in 3 cases and expression of an immune restoration syndrome in 3 cases. The 13 patients received concomitant antiretroviral treatment and the specific treatment of the systemic pathology associated with an antiinflammatory in some cases. Conclusion: The association of MS and HIV infection is rare. Their etiologies are dominated by psoriasis in Abidjan. A well-conducted interrogation to determine the chronology of events, assisted by biological examinations, allows the circumstance of occurrence to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les infections associées aux soins (IAS) sont une préoc-cu-pation majeure des professionnels d'un établissement de santé. Nous avons créé un outil permettant la surveillance des IAS à partir des données du laboratoire. Les résultats bactériologiques positifs après un délai supérieur à 48 heures par rapport à la date d'hospitalisation font l'objet d'un signalement, via l'équipe opérationnelle d'hygiène (EOH), au médecin correspondant en hygiène dans le service pour la validation clinique du diagnostic d'IAS. Rapportés à l'activité de l'établissement et des spécialités, nous mesurons les taux d'incidence des IAS pour 1 000 journées d'hospitalisation et pour 100 admissions tous les mois. Les résultats sont ensuite déclinés par spécialité et par site anatomique infecté et l'enquête permet de décrire la flore microbienne responsable de ces infections. Les résultats moyens sont stables malgré des fluctuations mensuelles. Pour l'année 2022, les incidences sont de 3,32 IAS pour 1000 JH et 1,48 IAS pour 100 admissions à l'échelle de l'établissement. Le détail des résultats est transmis aux médecins et ils font l'objet de communications internes. Ils permettent de suivre au plus près l'épidémiologie des IAS et de proposer des mesures correctives ciblées, le cas échéant. Nosocomial infections (NI) are a major concern of healthcare professionals. To propose targeted awareness-raising campaigns, we put in place NI monitoring of laboratory data. The positive bacteriological results after 48 hours hospitalisation are subject of a report via the Operation Team of Hygiene, to the physician corresponding in the department, for the clinical validation of diagnostic of NI. Reporting on establishment and specialty activity, we measured NI incidence rates for 1000 hospitalization days and for 100 admissions every month since October 1, 2016. Results were then declined by specialties and by infected anatomical site and investigation allowed to describe the microbial flora responsible for these infections. Average results were stable over the year despite monthly fluctuations. For 2022, incidence rates are IAS 3,32 for 1000 JH and IAS 1,48 for 100 admissions. The detail of the results is transmitted to the physicians and is the subject of internal communications. They will be allowed to follow up more closely with the NI epidemiology and propose targeted corrective measures as appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aedes albopictus , espèce zoophile et anthropophile appelé aussi "moustique tigre" est originaire d'Asie du Sud-Est. Avant 1979, sa présence s'étendait du Pacifique à l'océan Indien (dont Madagascar). Il a entrepris son parcours envahissant en Amérique et en Afrique avant d'atteindre l'Europe à la fin des années 1970. En France on le signale sporadiquement à la fin des années 1990 puis il s'installe durablement dans les Alpes-Maritimes en 2004. Son succès invasif est lié à sa grande plasticité écologique et physiologique qui lui permet de s'adapter à des environnements nouvellement colonisés, notamment en zone tempérée. La capacité de ses œufs à résister à la dessication explique qu'il a pu voyager sur de longues distances et conquérir des continents lointains, favorisé, entre autres, par le commerce international des pneus usagés. En France métropolitaine Aedes albopictus couvre actuellement plus de 70 départements. Considéré aujourd'hui comme une espèce généraliste, il est capable de se fixer durablement aussi bien dans des gîtes naturels, comme les trous d'arbre, qu'anthropiques (habitats urbains et périurbains). Ces dernières années, en raison du réchauffement planétaire, on observe la survenue de plus en plus fréquente de cas autochtones de dengue (essentiellement), de chikungunya et de Zika, viroses habituellement cantonnées aux régions tropicales. Des mesures de protection individuelles et collectives s'avèrent indispensables pour freiner son expansion. Aedes albopictus , zoophilic and anthropophilic species also called "tiger mosquito" is native to Southeast Asia. Before 1979 its presence extended from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean (including Madagascar. He began his journey invading America and Africa before reaching Europe in the late 1970s. In France it is reported sporadically from the late 1990s and then it settles permanently in the Alpes-Maritimes in 2004. Its invasive success is linked to its great ecological and physiological plasticity which allows it to adapt to newly colonized environments, especially in temperate zones. The ability of its eggs to resist desiccation explains why it has been able to travel long distances and conquer distant continents favored among other things by the international trade of used tires. In France Aedes albopictus currently covers more than 70 departments. It is considered today as a dangerous generalist species capable of settling permanently both in natural shelters such as tree holes and anthropogenic (urban and peri-urban habitats). In recent years, due to the increasing global warming, there has been a worrying occurrence of more and more frequent indigenous cases of dengue fever (mainly chikungunya and Zika virus that were usually confined to tropical regions. Individual and collective protection measures are essential to curb its expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue et chikungunya représentent un problème de santé publique majeur touchant à la fois les régions tropicales, avec une incidence en nette augmentation, mais également les régions tempérées, avec la description de transmissions autochtones pendant la période d'activité des moustiques vecteurs. Ces deux infections virales se caractérisent par une incubation courte avant l'apparition d'une sympto-matologie similaire, généralement constituée d'un syndrome pseudo-grippal et d'une éruptio-n maculo-papuleuse. Elles se distinguent toutefois par leurs compli-cations constituées, pour la dengue, de formes hémorragiques engageant le pronostic vital et, pour le chikungunya, de formes invalidantes par le passage à la chronicité des douleurs articulaires. Dans les deux cas, le diagnostic virologique repose sur la mise en évidence précoce du génome viral et la détection plus tardive des anticorps. Enfin, il n'existe pas de traitement spéci-fique mais des mesures prophylactiques sont possibles associant vaccination (dengue) et protection individuelle et collective anti-moustique. En conclusion, dengue et chikungunya représentent deux arboviroses à fort potentie-l d'émergence dans les pays tempérés par l'expansion du moustique tigre et l'intensification des voyages. Leur recherche en cas de signes cliniques évocateurs chez un individu n'ayant jamais voyagé est vraisemblablement une attitude qu'il faudra systématiquement adopter en période estivale dans un futur proche. Dengue fever and chikungunya represent a major public health problem affecting both tropical regions, with an increasing incidence, but also temperate regions, with the description of autochthonous transmissions during the period of activity of mosquito vectors. These two viral infections are characterized by a short incubation period before the appearance of similar symptomatology, generally consisting of an influenza-like illness and a maculopapular rash. However, they are distinguished by their complications consisting, for dengue, of hemorrhagic forms involving the vital prognosis and, for chikungunya, of disabling forms due to the chronicity of joint pain. In both cases, virological diagnosis is based on the early detection of the viral genome and the later detection of antibodies. Finally, there is no specific treatment but prophylactic measures are possible combining vaccination (dengue fever) and, individual and collective anti-mosquito protection. In conclusion, dengue fever and chikungunya represent two arboviruses with high potential for emergence in temperate countries by the expansion of the tiger mosquito and the intensification of travel. Their search in case of suggestive clinical signs in an individual who has never traveled is probably an attitude that will have to be systematically adopted during the summer period in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many questions remain unanswered regarding the so-called “Spanish” influenza pandemic of 1918. This article addresses three of them and describes the state of knowledge for each of them: Where did the pandemic start? How many people died? And why was it so deadly?

Pertussis is a real public health problem due to high neonatal morbidity rates and resurgence despite high vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiological profile of pertussis in infants hospitalized from 2012 to 2019. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study over a 7-year and 8-month period from January 2012 to July 2019. It involved 500 infants admitted with clinical suspicion of pertussis. The average age of infants was 72 days, ranging from 28 days to 18 months; 75% of infants were less than 3 months old. The peak incidence was registered in 2012 and 2016, with a summer predominance (32%); 460 infants (92%) were not or incompletely vaccinated, 42.2% of whom were too young to be vaccinated. A probable contaminant in the entourage was found in 43,6% of cases. Whooping cough and cyanosis were the main reason for hospitalization (77.6%). Chest radiography objectified bronchial disease (25,4%) and alveolar foci (22.7%). Blood count performed in 410 infants showed hyperlymphocytosis in 67.5% of cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal sample collected from 206 infants was positive for Bordetella pertussis in 64% of cases; 118 PCR performed in mothers were positive in 47.7% of cases. All infants received Clarithromycin. Pertussis is a major cause of morbidity in infants in Casablanca. The prevention strategy is based on vaccination of family members of infants. However, vaccination of pregnant women appears to be more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: after a year of evolution, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a burden. The African continent has not had the high case and death rates from COVID-19 as was predicted early in the pandemic. However, coronavirus is placing severe strains on Africa's health and economic sectors. Senegal, like other African countries, continues to face this pandemic. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management strategy and the epidemiological profile of the pandemic in Senegal one year on. Methods: we listed all patients who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR throughout the country during the first year of the pandemic, from 2 March 2020 (first case date) to 1st March 2021. Epidemiological data were analysed. Results: a total of 34,732 positive cases were diagnosed and recorded in one year, with a case-fatality rate of 2.5%. All the country's administrative regions had been affected. Dakar, the capital, was the epicentre of the pandemic. Male predominance was established on the basis of the number of positive cases and deaths. The average age of subjects was 47 years and the cure rate was 83.5%. People over 60 were the most vulnerable, particularly those with cardiovascular co-morbidities. Conclusion: Senegal's strategy for managing COVID-19 has received international recognition. It has been dynamic, drawing on experience from previous management of public health events such as Ebola. The COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on our fragile health systems. However, the response and the results achieved highlight the significant progress made by our country, helping to ensure the resilience of the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Background and Aims: This article summarizes the findings and conclusions of the third edition of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity. The latest revision of this book is part of a series of monographs designed to provide a critical review of the scientific evidence related to alcohol control policy from a public health perspective. Design: A narrative summary of the contents of the book according to five major issues. Findings: An extensive amount of epidemiological evidence shows that alcohol is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability and death in high-, middle- and low-income countries. Trends in alcohol products and marketing are described, indicating that a large part of the global industry has been consolidated into a small number of transnational corporations that are expanding their operations in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The main part of the book is devoted to a review of strategies and interventions designed to prevent or minimize alcohol-related harm. Overall, the most effective strategies to protect public health are taxation that decreases affordability and restrictions on the physical availability of alcohol. A total ban on alcohol marketing is also an effective strategy to reduce consumption. In addition, drink-driving counter-measures, brief interventions with at-risk drinkers and treatment of drinkers with alcohol dependence are effective in preventing harm in high-risk contexts and groups of hazardous drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol policy is often the product of competing interests, values and ideologies, with the evidence suggesting that the conflicting interests between profit and health mean that working in partnership with the alcohol industry is likely to lead to ineffective policy. Opportunities for implementation of evidence-based alcohol policies that better serve the public good are clearer than ever before as a result of accumulating knowledge on which strategies work best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the next two decades the aging baby boomers in Germany will gradually be leaving the work force. They are being followed by the much less numerous, "baby bust" generation who now need to finance and staff healthcare for the growing number of old people in society. In order to care for more needy persons with a smaller working population, the healthcare system must be restructured; however, despite these worrisome prospects, the awareness of the problem is still low in many areas. Here we focus on the area in the healthcare system that is growing particularly rapidly and additionally has the greatest need of personnel per patient: the care of the critically ill and functionally impaired patients. The lack of coordination of hospitals, rehabilitation centers and nursing institution is historical in origin. It promotes the tendency to discharge functionally impaired patients to nursing facilities without giving them a chance for recovery of functional autonomy. As the demographic change progresses, this tendency threatens to increase. In a first of two parts, we attempt to describe the present situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this review was to identify the epidemiology of, and develop standardized injury definitions for, acute injuries among recreational windsurfers. Methods: A literature search was conducted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases through February 28, 2023, using relevant keywords with Boolean operators, such as "windsurfing" AND "epidemiology" AND "risk factors." Only peerreviewed, relevant windsurfing-related injury articles were included. Results: A wide range of acute injuries, from minor, moderate, severe, to catastrophic, were reported. Injury rates, frequency of anatomical distributions, existing and potential risk factors, the proposed standardization definitions of behaviour types, skill levels, general windsurfing-related injuries, and injury severity classifications and levels for windsurfing epidemiology were identified and tabled. Conclusions: There is inconsistency in the epidemiological methods and definitions of windsurfing research. The injury rates remain difficult to compare among the identified studies. Future in-depth windsurfing-related injury studies should focus on prospective designs using standardized injury definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is common worldwide. Its incidence and prevalence have been declining in recent years in developed countries, and a similar trend has been observed in many parts of Africa including Nigeria. Aim: This study aimed to provide an endoscopic update on PUD in the Northern Savannah of Nigeria and compare with past reports from the region and recent reports from Nigeria, Africa, and the rest of the world. Methods: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy records of consecutive patients diagnosed with PUD between January 2014 and September 2022 at an endoscopy unit of a tertiary institution in North-West Nigeria were retrieved and demographic data, types of peptic ulcer, and their characteristics were extracted and analyzed. Results: Over a 9-year period, 171/1958 (8.7%) patients were diagnosed with PUD: mean age 48.8 years (range 14-85), 68.4% male, and 70% >40 years. 59.6% were gastric ulcers (GU), 31.6% duodenal ulcers (DU), and 8.8% were both. The mean age of patients with GU was slightly higher than those with DU (49.9 years vs. 46.6 years, P = 0.29); patients aged <40 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with DU than GU (54.7% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.016) while those >40 years significantly more GU than DU (74.6% vs. 54.7%, P = 0.016). There were no significant gender differences between GU and DU. Conclusion: The prevalence and pattern of PUD in Northern Savannah of Nigeria have changed - patients were predominantly male and older, and GU predominated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Épidémiologie et Santé Animale is the property of Association pour l'Etude de l'Epidemiologie des Maladies Animales (AEEMA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)