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This work describes the design and implementation of an Internet of Things architecture that focuses on monitoring temperature and humidity. The system is based on the strategic selection of technologies, including Arduino, LoRa modules, DHT11 sensors, and ESP32 microcontrollers. Python Flask was used to develop a user interface for the web application, ensuring an easy and accessible user experience. Moreover, to enhance the scalability and security of the system, it is recommended to implement modular algorithms and authentication measures. The article concludes by emphasising the advantages and effectiveness of open source technology in data acquisition, processing, and monitoring across various application scenarios. Suggestions for future improvements are provided, with particular attention to expanding data visualisation and environmental monitoring. The limitations and advantages of the system are addressed, highlighting its potential application in remote or resource-limited areas. The results obtained in this work can be scaled to the different stages of a mining project in which environmental parameters must be monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Mediterranean, one of the main reasons for discarding commercial species is when fishers catch fish smaller than the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS). In reality though, other drivers that vary by country/region have greater impact on the discarding process. A notable illustration of the coexistence of different motives is the Greek bottom trawl fishery. Present work focused on the spatial analysis of discards of three commercial species subjected to MCRS with low market price and often discarded independent of their size (i.e., Trachurus trachurus, Parapenaeus longirostris, Sardina pilchardus). To model and map the spatial distribution of species discards, hierarchical Bayesian spatial models were utilized employing discards dependence on environmental inputs. Further information was gained, by calculating the spatial overlap between the spatial distribution of species discards and their known nurseries. Results showed that S. pilchardus discards had the highest estimated values in shallower waters, whereas T. trachurus and P. longirostris discards were distributed over greater depths. Only a small portion of species nurseries and discard grounds coincided, verifying that the reasons behind discarding were market-driven. Area-specific and species-specific management is essential to reduce discards, since local market demand and fishing restrictions have an impact on the discarding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The curve fitting analysis is performed on time-stamped signal values. Then a situational analysis graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to analyze the data which is from a mining area. The resulting waveform plots and the designed GUI are presented. The data is from the mining area namely Singrauli. Five environmental parameters related to pollution, namely CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and Ozone are considered for the analysis using neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main area of development of aquaculture in our country today is pond fish farming, which has a long history of development. Pike is a very valuable species in aquaculture, especially for pond culture in polyculture with carp or pasture aquaculture in lakes. Ukraine has significant resource potential for growing marketable pond fish in farms, as a promising form of production organization. The direction of the development of polyculture in fish farming is a promising direction that develops and is effectively implemented in fish farming every year. Polyculture is based on such main objects of aquaculture as carp and herbivorous fish, as well as additional ones – pike, catfish, zander, tench, crucian carp. Currently, special attention in the development of polyculture is directed to the cultivation of pike. Stocking with pike brings not only additional fish productivity due to the realization of growth potential, eating low-value fish species, acting as a biomeliotrator, but also stimulates the growth of the main fish species. Using a rational ecosystem of ponds with the targeted formation of its trophic links under optimal polyculture, it is possible to obtain natural fish productivity in the grazing form of fish farming from 1 to 1.6 t/ha and more. This summer's marketable pike can be and expediently grown both in relatively small and sufficiently large feeding carp ponds, provided that trash fish are distributed in them, and these ponds must also be drainable. The cultivation of the main objects of fish farming is improved thanks to the introduction of pike into polyculture. It eats low-value fish, which contributes to better growth productivity of carp and herbivorous fish. In addition, the pike itself is a valuable object of fishing, which brings the conditions of growing commercial fish in farms closer to natural ones. The highest efficiency can be achieved thanks to the exact selection of technological parameters of the entire fish farming process. Numerous factors must be taken into account here: the temperature regime of the reservoir, dissolved substances, the development of the natural fodder base, the optimal density of fish planting, the rational ratio of species in polyculture, etc. Thus, given the appropriate parameters, this technology ensures greater efficiency of the industry and creates prerequisites for increasing its competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cenderawasih Bay is one of the territorial waters of Indonesia with high fishery potential. In 2022, the Indonesian Goverment revealed that the bay's small pelagic fishery potential reached 135, 140 t, yet the utilization rate remains at only 0.3, indicating underutilization. This shows the necessity of estimating fish distribution in the bay to maximize the use of small pelagic fisheries resources. The hydroacoustic method, known for its extensive survey coverage and minimal environmental impact, can be employed to estimate the distribution of small pelagic fish. Therfore, this research aims to investigate the distribution of acoustic parameters of small pelagic fish using a split beam echosounder, specifically the SIMRAD EY-60, to obtain fish SV value and distribution data. SV (Scattering Volume) values were coverted to TS (Target Strength) values and projected onto a spatial distribution map. The distribution of fish exhibited a varied range of values, with the highest SV value ranging from -59.7 to -57.4 dB and the highest TS values ranging from -59.4 to -46.7 dB. Fish distribution was more concentrated in areas with warmer temperatures and dispersed evenly across different salinity ranges, with a higher concentration of fish detected in areas with elevated chlorophyll levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studied the individual cases of weather with and without thunderstorm gales in Guangdong Province from April to September 2010-2019. The distribution characteristics of environmental parameters related to the weather with thunderstorm gales were analyzed by using boxplots, and the three hours, six hours, and 12 hours thunderstorm gale forecast models were established. The meteorological events from April to September 2020 were tested by using the Bayesian method. The results show that the occurrence of thunderstorm gales corresponds to higher dewpoint temperature on the ground, more unstable energy, temperature difference between upper and lower layers, and total index. According to the test results, the Bayesian method may to some extent identify thunderstorm gales. The hit rate of the prediction model is above 80%, but there are some empty reports, which need to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of climate on hospitalizations of sickle cell anemia (SCA) adults and children, we analyzed the health and meteorological parameters from a metropolis (1999-2018). 1462 hospitalizations were coded for SCA patients in crisis (M:F = 715:747) and 1354 hospitalizations for SCA patients without crisis (M:F = 698:656) [age = 22.9 vs 15.2 years and duration of hospitalization (DoH) = 5.7 vs 4.4 days, respectively,]. More hospitalizations were for adults than children in crisis, and for children than adults without crisis. More children and adults were hospitalized in winter andspring than in summer and autumn Hospitalizations correlated positively with humidity (lag −5), maximum pressure (lag −2), mean pressure (lag −2), and thermal amplitude (lag −2), and negatively with maximum temperature (lag −3). DoH positively correlated with minimum temperature (lag −4). Understanding these complex associations would induce attitudinal/behavioral modifications among patients and their caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of seasonal variations in environmental parameters on fish assemblage and species diversity patterns was studied in a tropical reservoir of Central India during March 2021 to February 2022. A total of 41 species belonging to 7 orders, 15 families and 29 genera were recorded with highest diversity during post‐monsoon season compared to the pre‐monsoon season and monsoon season. The fish abundance similarity between the monsoon and post‐monsoon reached a maximum of 89%. Seasonal variations in the mean species abundance, Simpson dominance index, Shannon diversity index, Pielou's evenness index and Margalef's richness index were determined. One‐way ANOVA revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) at the temporal scale. There was a significant seasonal difference in species abundance (P = 0.0006) and evenness index (P = 0.02) among the diversity indices. During the study period, three 'vulnerable' species, three 'near threatened' species and two 'endangered' species were caught. Carnivore dominance was evident throughout the year in the trophic guild of fishes. The Pearson correlation test revealed that water pH, dissolved oxygen, sediment organic carbon and clay percentage were positively correlated to all four diversity indices. Simpson and Margalef species richness diversity indices were positively correlated to sediment pH. Fish abundance was positively associated with sediment pH, silt, phosphorus and nitrogen content. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to investigate the relationships between fish assemblages and environmental conditions. Among the 19 physicochemical parameters, nine (dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, conductivity, transparency, hardness, phosphate and chlorophyll‐a, sediment nitrogen and phosphorus) characteristics were shown to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) in determining fish diversity. Dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, conductivity, transparency, hardness, phosphate and chlorophyll‐a of water and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus qualities were the key factors for the species abundance. The reservoir boasts a diverse fish population that allows multi‐species fishing and generates revenue for numerous local fishers. Fish habitats should be protected in order to maintain diversity and long‐term ecological benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry relies on extracting valuable minerals through underground mining. Many industries have implemented automation to enhance workplace safety, optimize operations, improve responses to events, and achieve cost-effectiveness. A real-time communication and monitoring system is indispensable in underground mines to prevent significant hazards and improve safety in underground mines. However, the environmental conditions of underground mines are affected by toxic, flammable, combustible gases and dust. The harmful gases are a significant concern as they can cause gas explosions. Internet of Things (IoT) enabled real-time communication system with Long Range (LoRa) transceiver module is designed and developed to measure the underground mine environmental parameters, temperature, and humidity. The LoRa-based proof of concept (POC) system is tested and evaluated at the surface level and in two underground mines. The LoRa module radio waves range test is carried out to measure the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value at the surface level. In addition, the developed system is tested and evaluated at different positions of underground mines to measure environmental parameters in straight and curved tunnels. The experimental results represent successful IoT with LoRa-based wireless communication between underground mine tunnels to the surface, wireless transmission of parameters at the straight tunnels, and curved tunnels of underground mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernisation of marine power plants in the transport vessel fleet to satisfy the requirements of the International Maritime Organization is an urgent scientific and technical problem. Currently, the use of catalytic selective filters, dry and wet scrubber systems and exhaust gas recirculation for marine diesel engines is widely used for this purpose. An analysis of the use of ejection gas-air coolers is presented as an additional method of emission reduction. However, the use of such device does not neutralise the harmful emissions of power plant engines, but only increases the volume concentration of their exhaust gases. But this will help to increase the efficiency of dispersion of harmful emissions, by reducing the concentration of harmful emissions to values not exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. Its efficiency depends on the load mode of the diesel engine. It is found that the initial concentration of harmful substances in combustion products due to their dilution with fresh air at 100% engine load is reduced by about 50%. The values of the reduction of the concentration and temperature of exhaust gases with the reduction of the engine load to 75% and 50% depending on the louvre angle are obtained. It is proved that ejection gas-air coolers can be an effective additional means for compliance with modern environmental parameters, especially when vessels are in special areas of the world’s oceans.

Abstract Background Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation. Aim The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. Methodology Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle. Results The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases. Conclusions The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea.

Random wind speed causes frequent load fluctuations in the wind turbine gearbox transmission system, resulting in complex structural deformations and gear deflections, which aggravate the risk of gear contact failure. A novel method to improve the fatigue performance of wind turbine gearbox transmission systems considering the stochastic uncertainty of environmental parameters is proposed. The mapping relationship among wind turbulence intensity-gear modification parameter-gear long-term contact fatigue damage is reconstructed by the surrogate model method based on the dynamic model of the wind turbine transmission system considering global loads. And then, a multi-stage gear modification parameter optimization function considering the probability distribution of wind speed is established and the optimizing fatigue performance is compared. The results show that the long-term gear contact fatigue damage value of the low-speed stage sun gear is more than 0.7, which is one of the weak parts of the high-reliability design of the wind turbine gearbox transmission system. The long-term gear contact fatigue damage values of optimizing gears have been reduced significantly, in which the low-speed stage sun gear has been reduced by 11.37%, so the fatigue performance has been improved significantly.

Based on datasets from Shanghai Qingpu dual-polarized radar, Wuhan Doppler weather radar, new generation weather radar network mosaic, ground encrypted automatic weather station, and ERA5 reanalysis, a comparative analysis was conducted on the severe tornado weather processes that occurred in Suzhou and Wuhan on the night of 14 May 2021 from the aspects of weather background, ground triggering mechanism, radar detection characteristics, and environmental parameters. Results are as follows. (1) Both tornadoes in Suzhou and Wuhan occurred under the forced background of southwest warm and humid airflow, with low temperature and high humidity in the lower layer being affected by low-level and ultra-low-level jet streams. However, the location of the tornado in each of the two places was different from the corresponding jet stream location. The western side of the Suzhou tornado corresponded to the exit area of the eastern jet stream, while the Wuhan tornado corresponded to the exit area of the western jet stream. (2) The Suzhou tornado was triggered by the convergence line caused by gust fronts and a weak cold pool with appropriate intensity. Nevertheless, there was a mesoscale convergence center and a weak cold pool on the ground. (3) Tornadoes in both places occurred when the isolated rightward-moving supercells were accompanied by a suddenly strengthened low-level mesocyclone. And tornadic vortex signature (TVS) appeared 2 min and 3 min before the Suzhou tornado and Wuhan tornado, respectively. (4) Different from the environmental conditions of tornadoes occurring in the United States, the Suzhou tornado appeared under the conditions of high convective available potential energy, low lifting condensation height, convective inhibition energy, and medium to weak storm-relative helicity and vertical wind shear. Wuhan tornado occurred under the conditions of weak convective available potential energy, low lifting condensation height, high convective inhibition energy, and strong storm-relative helicity and vertical wind shear. By comparison, before and during the occurrence of tornadoes in the two regions, the thermal condition of the Suzhou tornado was favorable and the dynamic conditions were standard or even unfavorable. However, for the Wuhan tornado, the thermal condition was relatively weak, while the dynamic conditions were favorable. It is indicated that both tornadoes occurred in environments with complementary thermal and dynamic conditions.

Abstract One of the most crucial factors architects should consider in building energy performance design is the energy consumption of residential buildings, particularly in megacities such as Cairo. Oxman classifies that a five-paradigmatic design model can help architects generate building forms. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a form-driven design framework based on a generative design model based on shape grammar that allows architects to generate building forms based on rules, which generate the building through variables that act as genes in the fitness function. The results indicate a significant framework that can help architects select the optimum building form that saves energy by enhancing daylight penetration and thermal and cooling loads on a building. Furthermore, after optimizing radiation and cooling load metrics, the form generated significant block and balcony arrangements, enhancing the shading in the eastern, western, and southern facades. In addition, the northern façade has been developed without block projections or balconies. Finally, the optimum window-to-wall ratio generated to balance spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE) lighting metrics for the north facade is 60% and for the southern, western, and eastern facades 10%.

This dataset provides detailed electricity demand forecasting metrics for the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) over 2020 and 2021. Data encompasses both hourly and daily demand patterns, enriched with specific environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance. Additionally, SEWA's unique load metrics and lagged demand values, representing previous hour demand, are included.Data was procured using advanced electrical load meters and standardized weather data acquisition systems. Preliminary and advanced data processing was conducted via Excel tool. This comprehensive dataset is invaluable for stakeholders in electricity provisioning and policy-making. Its granular detail makes it a pivotal resource for modelling and forecasting electricity demand, aiding in infrastructure planning, renewable energy considerations, and demand-side management. The potential applications span across academic, policy, and industry domains, rendering it a versatile tool for future electricity demand research.

The changes in macrophyte biodiversity and cover from the soft bottoms of 87 stations spread in the entire Venice Lagoon in 2011, 2014, 2018 and 2021 have been analyzed. Results showed a strong macrophyte resilience with an increase in the spread of sensitive macroalgae and aquatic angiosperms, especially Z. noltei and R. cirrhosa, which were not affected by the increase of non-indigenous species (NIS) introduction.The simultaneous analysis of macrophyte variables and the main water and sediment parameters carried out in 2021 highlighted the key role of water transparency and salinity to regulate the vegetation, especially the presence/absence of aquatic angiosperms and sensitive macroalgae. Vice versa, high chlorophyll-a, total suspended solids, nitrogen and silicate concentrations in the water column, and high moisture, low grain-size and phosphorus concentrations in surface sediments favored the presence of opportunistic species, especially Ulva rigida, Gracilariopsis longissima, Agardhiella subulata and Solieria filiformis. The distribution of the aquatic angiosperms and the 41 most widespread macroalgae in association with the main environmental parameters allowed us to highlight their different ecological value, their possible presence/absence and abundance; indeed, their spatial and temporal changes can be excellent tools to determine and predict the ecological status of transitional water systems (TWS).These results carried out in a polyhedric basin such as the Venice Lagoon, composed by a complex of very different microhabitats, can be considered representative of most environmental conditions present in the main TWS of the Italian coastline, and spatial and temporal macrophyte changes can be excellent tools to determine and predict their ecological status evolution.

The semiarid zones of Cameroon are experiencing rapid land degradation and desertification due to climate change and human activities. Earthworms play a crucial role in soil functioning and are important indicators of soil quality. Their role as soil process regulators and soil ecosystem engineers has been widely demonstrated. Despite their influence in maintaining ecosystem functioning in tropical soils and considering the number of ecosystems present in Cameroon, few data are available on their distribution in Cameroonian soils in general and those of the northern part (semiarid zones) particularly. This study aims to assess the abundance and biomass of earthworm functional groups in different land uses (woody savannah, grass savannah, gallery forest, and open land) impacted by human activities in the Sudano-Guinean area of Cameroon. During two rainy seasons in 2015 and 2016, we compared earthworm functional group densities and biomasses between three herbaceous land cover (HLC) classes and identified soil parameters and land use history that affect their occurrence. Results showed that earthworm functional group densities differed between land use types and herbaceous land cover. In woody savannahs, HLC over 75 % and 90 % greatly promoted the occurrence of endogeic and anecic earthworms, while in grass savannahs the densities of the two functional groups were higher in HLC over 75 %. Moreover, species from the epigeic group occurred abundantly in the gallery forests and represented about 70 % of earthworm species recorded in our study. Some environmental factors such as soil texture, pH, altitude and soil organic matter affected earthworm abundance, while previous human activities such as pasture/grazing and fallow on land uses contributed to the occurrence of at least one of the earthworm functional groups. The study highlights the importance of understanding earthworm community dynamics in the area for effective land use management and soil restoration practices in the face of land degradation and climate change.

Wetlands are the most productive, economically important and hydrologically variable ecosystems. In this study, the abundance of phytoplankton and its primary productivity were evaluated in Dingapota Haor of Bangladesh. A total of 41 phytoplankton genera belong to Chlorophyceae (15), Bacillariaophyceae (14), Cyanophyceae (8) and Euglenophyceae (4) were recorded whereas Bacillariaophyceae (37.02%) was the most dominant. The highest cell density (22.71×104 cell L–1) was recorded in pre-monsoon. Diversity indices were also significantly higher in pre-monsoon. The species diversity, evenness and richness varied from 2.51–3.79, 0.57–0.90 and 4.65–7.50 respectively. Difference in phytoplankton assemblage with an overall average dissimilarity value of 52.56 % was recorded. Cyclotella (3.60%), Bacillaria (3.13%), Volvox (2.95%), Spirulina (2.92%) and Euglena (2.88%) were the five most contributory species to the seasonal variation. Gross Primary Production, Net Primary Production and Community Respiration values ranged from 0.90–2.49, 0.68–1.60 and 0.35–0.89 mgCm–3day–1 respectively. Alkalinity and Chl-a showed significant positive correlation with GPP, NPP and CR. Pre-monsoon was the most productive phase whereas the monsoon season was the least productive. The current study produced valuable baseline data that will aid in the formulation of wetland conservation and management strategies.

The latest improvements in infrared detectors enable the use of infrared thermography in many applications for outdoor temperature measurements through a low cost and easy to maintain solution. However, converting the radiative fluxes received by the infrared camera to the object of interests' apparent surface temperature is a challenging task. It requires us to consider the global radiative heat balance at the sensor level. Such a correction implies taking into account the background contributions (sky, sun, other elements on the scene), the involved transmissions (camera optics, atmosphere, participating media of the scene), etc. As a consequence, supplementary data are needed to achieve quantitative outdoor thermal monitoring. In this study, we propose a comparison of gathering those data from different observation scales: a local weather station, existing sensor networks such as Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR) and open source online satellite data from the European Copernicus program. Finally, the feasibility, advantages and limitations of the proposed methods are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of environmental parameters on microbial-induced concrete corrosion during three corrosion stages. The corrosion effects and influencing factors in three corrosion stages were deeply analyzed and predicted, and the mechanism of microbial corrosion was summarized. When the H2S concentration was lower than about 15.0 mg/m3, the corrosion was maintained in stage II, which greatly delays the intensification of corrosion. In stage III, the H2S concentration has the significantly accelerate the corrosion rate. Additionally, incorporating min, max and mean values of input parameters greatly improved the accuracy of machine learning predictions of corrosion rates (R2 >0.99). Acidithiobacillus was found to be dominant in the microbial community at H2S concentrations of 12.0–37.5 mg/m3, and increased temperature promoted the reproduction of Acidithiobacillus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total precipitable water vapour (TPW) extraction algorithm using the Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) has the potential to be improved on a regional scale. The aim of this study was to improve the TPW extraction algorithm of OLCI for the first time using environmental variables, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), and elevation from mean sea level, on a regional scale over Iran. A previously developed TPW recovery algorithm was applied to the OLCI data during cloud-free days throughout a one-year period (1 January–29 December 2020). The artificial neural network (ANN) methodology was utilized in eight models. The evaluation results revealed the effectiveness of the models varied based on the topography and climate of each station. The assessment findings demonstrated that model 2, which integrated LST, elevation, and NDVI data in the ANN framework, outperformed other models across the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neglected intestinal helminthiases are very prevalent worldwide and represent a serious problem of: environmental contamination (presence of feces with infective parasitic forms dispersed in the soil), animal health and public health. This paper explains new research perspectives on the ecoepidemiology of neglected intestinal helminthiasis in urban-marginal and rural areas of the province of Guayas (Ecuador). By means of an applied study with a qualitative, quantitative, field, descriptive-prospective-analyticaltransversal approach, fecal samples from humans and their domestic dogs from the indicated areas will be analyzed, in order to provide information: The relationship between the environment-helminthsand hosts, prevalence of neglected intestinal helminthiases, zoonotic association, characterization of environmental variables, specification of social determinants of health and generate scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying correlations between phytoplankton communities and environmental factors is critical for understanding how aquatic ecosystems function. The high sensitivity of phytoplankton to changes in these factors makes it possible to control the state of the ecosystem of water bodies. Artificial lakes often demonstrate increased trophic status, inducing changes in phytoplankton structure. In this paper, we studied phytoplankton in June 2023 (hydrological spring) in two ecosystems, South Baikal and the Irkutsk Reservoir, that are connected by a water course but have different environmental parameters. The gradient of environmental parameters from the lake towards the reservoir revealed peculiarities in the distribution of some microalgae species. Microscopy and statistical analysis showed that water temperature was the most important factor affecting the structure of the communities. The warmer water of the reservoir, in contrast to the lake, demonstrated a twofold increase in species number, abundance, and biomass. Downstream from the reservoir, we observed a succession in the dominating Baikal species complex, its supplementation, and replacement with other species typical of the summer period and Baikal bays. The trophic status of the reservoir during the study may be described as oligotrophic, with local traits of mesotrophicity; its water refers to Class I and Class II and may be qualified as clean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Ürünleri Dergisi is the property of Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences (EgeJFAS) / Su Urunleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copepods belonging to the family Paracalanidae are dominant in the tropical regions of the oceans. In the present study, zooplankton samples were collected from January to December 2019 at three stations off Marina coast, Chennai, India. Five species of Paracalanidae were reported in the present study, whereas Acrocalanus gracilis was found to be a dominant species throughout the study with a mean abundance of 47.65 ± 8.73 × 103 ind./m3. Overall, the density of Paracalanidae was the highest in January and the lowest in June. Pearson's correlation and regression analyses were conducted between the density of Paracalanidae and the observed physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment to emphasize the relationship between them. A high negative correlation coefficient was observed between the Paracalanidae abundance and the water temperature (–0.76) and ammonia content (–0.73), whereas a high positive correlation was observed between the Paracalanidae abundance and the dissolved oxygen (0.75). The regression coefficient (R2) between the Paracalanidae abundance and the water temperature and ammonia content was 0.57 and 0.53, respectively, which indicated a strong negative relationship between the Paracalanidae abundance and the water temperature and ammonia content. However, this study also showed a strong relationship between the Paracalanidae abundance and the water salinity, pH, and nitrate content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation. Aim: The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. Methodology: Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle. Results: The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases. Conclusions: The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the level of contamination of the waters of the San Juan river was evaluated. Six sampling stations were established. Sixteen environmental parameters were determined in 2019. The results were compared with international standards, Cuban Standards: NC 22:1999, NC 1021:2014 and NC 827:2017, and with the registered historical average. Data processing was carried out using the Statistica program version 8.0. These waters had a high organic matter content (COD: 15.8-62.1 mg/L; BOD5: 6.9-27 mg/L), affected by fecal contamination indicator organisms: total and fecal coliforms (>1000 MPN/100 mL). The comparison with the historical average showed that the contamination of the river has not increased, but rather has decreased in several stations. The San Juan river waters are not suitable for human consumption, supply to the population and as water for bathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ichthyoplankton represent the first life stages of fish. The study of ichthyoplankton is crucial to understanding marine ecosystems and plays an important role in the management and durability of fisheries resources. During March and October of 2019, two oceanographic ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea of Morocco from Tanger to Saadia by studying the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental parameters. The average surface water temperature was (15.8°C in spring and 16.4°C in autumn). The fish eggs and larvae were more abundant in March than in October (21268 eggs/10m² and 14084 larvae/10m² in spring and 10094 eggs/10m² and 13796 larvae/10m²). In both seasons, fish eggs from the families Sternoptychidae and Sparidae were dominant (10101 eggs/10m² and 7527 eggs/10m² in spring and 4422 eggs/10m² and 3928 eggs/10m² in fall, respectively). However, Myctophidae larvae were the most abundant in the study area, reaching 7601 larvae/10m² in spring and 11021 larvae/10m² in autumn. The environmental parameters: temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a (surface) seem to directly influence the spatial distribution of ichtyoplancton. On the other hand, it seems that predation by jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca)was a very important factor that added to the factors that influenced the distribution of the species of fish eggs and larvae. This work represents the first survey conducted in the southwestern Alboran Sea, which studies the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental factors in the spring and autumn of 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a saline semi-isolated lagoon on Cape Zeleny (White Sea), the annual dynamics of the vertical hydrological structure and the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton were traced. Species composition, vertical distribution, abundance, nutrition type, and biomass were analyzed. In total, 293 species and supraspecific taxa of algae and cyanobacteria were found. Most of the identified species are marine, and 38 species are freshwater. Taxonomic composition changed in the lagoon throughout the year. Dinoflagellates dominated in winter and early June; unidentified cocci and flagellates in July; diatoms, dinoflagellates, and unidentified cells in August; dinoflagellates in September; and unidentified cocci and flagellates in October–November. The abundance of algae also changed in the lagoon throughout the year. The integrated biomass in the water column varied from 0.01 g C/m2 in January to 0.78 g C/m2 in early September. According to the environmental parameters, the water column of the lagoon was subdivided into several zones with different environmental conditions and corresponding phytoplankton communities. The similarity between the communities of different horizons was 32–46% in summer and 7% in winter. The chemocline layer was the most populous. It contained a maximum of phytoplankton biomass, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the overlying horizons. Despite the connection to the sea, the phytoplankton structure in the surface water layer in the lagoon and in the sea differed significantly in composition, quantitative parameters, and seasonal dynamics. The similarity between the communities never exceeded 50%. In terms of biomass dynamics, the lagoon lagged behind the sea until mid-summer, but, starting from August, it outnumbered it, and the phytoplankton development in the lagoon lasted longer, until late autumn. According to sequential tests DistLM, the phytoplankton structure and dynamics in the lagoon and in the sea were related to the daylength, water salinity, oxygen content, and pH by 24.5%. At the same time, the PhP structure did not depend on water temperature, underwater illuminance, or depth. Oxygen content and pH were defined by PhP activity. Salinity serves as a vector of the vertical sequence of ecological niches. The day length seems to be the crucial factor of the seasonal PhP dynamics in the semi-isolated coastal stratified lakes and lagoons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are considered as the heart of natural feeding and breeding grounds of many indigenous fishes of Bangladesh. These are also the most diversified habitat in the world. However, the wetlands of Bangladesh are in danger of extinction due to various manmade and natural causes. Therefore, wetlands need special attention to conserve this unique ecosystem of Bangladesh. As a part of the conservation measures needed for wetland ecosystem, the present study was undertaken to describe the abundance and diversity status of fish in Dingapota wetland of Bangladesh and to identify the key environmental factors influencing the fish community assemblage. A total of 52 fish species were recorded from 7 orders during the study period. Cypriniformes comprises the most abundant order (47.91%) followed by Perciformes (20.71%) and Clupeformes (20.22%). Higher number of species was recorded in post-monsoon season. Fish community assemblage was significantly differentiated among the three seasons (ANOSIM, Global R = 0.803, P < 0.05), while the overall average differences in the period of three seasons was estimated as 39.92% and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) revealed the greater contribution of Osteobrama cotio, Esomus danricus, Nandus nandus, Gudusia chapra and Chanda nama to ascertain this dissimilarity. Multivariate analysis based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) generated three separate groups of each seasonal samplings and cluster analysis to find out natural grouping of samples according to their abundance. Diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner diversity (H), Margalef’s richness (D) and Pielou’s evenness (e)) were found to vary significantly among the seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed the significant roles of temperature, depth, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity for structuring the community assemblage of fish in Dingapota wetland. Essential baseline information generated by this study will help the respective authority to formulate sustainable conservation measures for Dingapota wetland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

UIGreenMetric is a guide for higher education institutions to raise awareness of sustainable development, sustainable research, building a green campus, and social influence. There are six assessment categories in UI GreenMetric. One of them is energy and climate change. The assessment point in energy and climate change is the implementation of smart buildings within the campus area. There is often pollution on campus. The campus still uses groundwater for daily sanitation; workshops' waste is discharged directly into the ground without any sewage treatment process; many private vehicles are in the campus area; and 30% of campus land has been used as vehicle parking lots. It is necessary to carry out a monitoring process to determine the concentration of CO2 in the air. For this reason, further study is needed on smart features that will be built to support UI GreenMetric concepts. It is expected to help monitor water, soil, and air environmental parameters. This smart would later be monitored remotely using the Internet of Things (IoT) method. The maximum result of air temperature is 32,3°C, the maximum level of CO2 is 526,8 ppm, the minimum humidity level is 47,2%RH, and the maximum level of PAR is 589,3 µ*mol/m2*s. The noise maximum level is 84 dB, and pH water maximum is 7,01. The density of students also caused an increase in some parameters. POLMED must concentrate on environmental sustainability. Therefore, we should pay for internal recycling water treatment, reducing the use of private vehicles, and expanding green open space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on studying the microbiological properties of the Tibetan Palace Museum, which is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and contains a vast collection of cultural heritage artifacts. The air quality of the museum is critical to the preservation of these artifacts, and factors such as microbial species, concentration, and particle size distribution are important indicators of air quality. The paper examines the concentration levels, particle size distribution, species diversity, and correlation between environmental factors and microorganisms in the museum. The study found that the concentration of bacteria was 2–3 times higher than normal, while the concentration of fungi was lower than average. The predominant microorganisms in the museum were Bacillus cereus, Bacillus psychrodurans, and Neurospora terricola. The research also discovered that the concentration of microorganisms was positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration and negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity, and PM10 concentration. The study concludes that the museum's micro-environment is not ideal for the preservation of ancient books and cultural relics, and more research is necessary to identify the general microbiological traits and eradicate hazardous species in plateau museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almond peel waste was collected, characterized, and then used as an adsorbent for removing malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The environmental conditions of MG dye adsorption were pH, 2.5–10.5; almond peel dose, 0.25–1.5 g/L; initial MG concentration, 10–60 mg/L; and adsorption time, 0–180 min. These were optimized by using an artificial neural network (ANN) tool. At pH = 8.5, 96.1% of the MG dye could be removed using almond peels. According to the coefficient of determination results, the Langmuir isotherm proved to be the equation that best fit the data of the isotherm study. Furthermore, the kinetic study showed that the data on MG adsorption of the almond peel waste was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. The ANN model was developed by using a three-layer, feed-forward network with an optimum architecture of 4:10:1. Sigmoid functions were employed in both inputs and hidden layers, as also those hidden in the output layers. The results indicated a high correlation value (R = 0.976) to predict the entire experimental dataset, which indicated the applicability of the ANN tool, to describe the MG adsorption data in a highly accurate manner. The important conclusion of this study, after comparison with other similar adsorbents used in the adsorption process of dye wastewater, revealed that almond peel waste is a cheap, recyclable, and effective adsorptive agent, thus a good alternative to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most crucial factors architects should consider in building energy performance design is the energy consumption of residential buildings, particularly in megacities such as Cairo. Oxman classifies that a five-paradigmatic design model can help architects generate building forms. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a form-driven design framework based on a generative design model based on shape grammar that allows architects to generate building forms based on rules, which generate the building through variables that act as genes in the fitness function. The results indicate a significant framework that can help architects select the optimum building form that saves energy by enhancing daylight penetration and thermal and cooling loads on a building. Furthermore, after optimizing radiation and cooling load metrics, the form generated significant block and balcony arrangements, enhancing the shading in the eastern, western, and southern facades. In addition, the northern façade has been developed without block projections or balconies. Finally, the optimum window-to-wall ratio generated to balance spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) and annual sunlight exposure (ASE) lighting metrics for the north facade is 60% and for the southern, western, and eastern facades 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between spatial patterns of macrobenthic community characteristics and environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, organic matter content and sediment particle size) was studied at 12 stations in Gorgan Bay (South Caspian Sea, Iran), seasonally in 2017. A total of 8803 individuals belonging to 11 families and 11 species were identified. Three species of polychaeta including Streblospio gynobranchiata, Tubificidae and Hediste diversicolor were the most dominant group in terms of abundance, making up 79.3% of all specimens. The highest density (4733 ind m-2) was observed at St. 1 while the lowest (1166 ind m-2) at St. 9. Biotic indices (i.e. AMBI, BOPA and BENTIX) were used to determine the quality of the bay. Gorgan bay is divided into two distinct zones (eastern and western regions) based on MDS analysis and ecological status. Generally, eastern part of the bay revealed the lowest abundance and biodiversity of macrobenthos. Our results suggest the effect of sediment particle size and TOM as significant parameters on distribution of macrobenthic community in Gorgan bay, South Caspian Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macro-benthos is commonly considered an indicator for evaluating the health of an aquatic ecosystem. Earlier research from sub-tropical mangrove estuaries, however, has primarily relied on conventional taxonomic methods to determine the pattern of macro-benthos diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the pattern of both taxonomic and functional groups of macro-benthos with respect to ecological variables in three separate seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) from a mangrove-dominated Pasur River estuary, Bangladesh. The findings revealed significant seasonal variations in the water and sediment parameters (p < 0.05). During the study period, 47 species belonging to 35 families of macro-benthos were identified. The pollution indicator species, Capitella capitata complex was found to be dominant. The highest density of macro-benthos was recorded in post-monsoon (545 ± 13.76 ind./m2) followed by pre-monsoon (214 ± 5.57 ind./m2) and monsoon (63 ± 2.27 ind./m2). Diversity indices, Shannon, and evenness also displayed a similar seasonal trend. This pattern may be explained by the more stable bottom and higher food availability during post-monsoon, and on the other side, by erosion and higher turbidity during monsoon. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) detected a significant difference in community assemblage among the seasons (R = 0.7222, p = 0.0005), whereas similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) identified Dendronereis aestuarina as the most contributory species for the overall average dissimilarity. Six functional feeding groups (FFGs) were identified where gathering collectors (GC) had the highest total density (221.83 ind./m2) and relative abundance (26.97%). The community was shown to be shaped by the amount of sedimentary silt and dissolved oxygen in the water main, according to a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) study, they were positively correlated with the abundance of Pristinella acuminata, Lumbrineris sp., Cossura coasta, C. capitata complex, Neritina violacea, Laccotrephes griseus, Hydrometra butleri, Gomphus sp. and Libellula sp. CCA analysis also revealed a significant positive influence of pH, NO3-N, PO4-P, and organic matter, whereas, sand particles of sediments were found to have a negative effect on FFGs. Overall, the study suggests that the estuary is moderately diverse with macro-benthos and their functional feeding groups and influenced by monsoon strongly. The present study on FFGs of macro-benthos in an estuarine river of Bangladesh will provide baseline information for further investigation of other estuaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the agricultural environment, there is an increasing need for advanced techniques and systems to identify and prevent crop diseases. Various challenges such as groundwater depletion, soil erosion, emergence of new pests and diseases, land fragmentation, rural-urban migration, and the availability of power supply for farming are currently impacting the agricultural sector. To address these challenges, a system has been developed to monitor field conditions at farms in real-time, focusing on parameters such as temperature, soil moisture, humidity, and water levels. Sensors collect data, and the real-time values are stored in the cloud. The NodeMCU Microcontroller Unit serves as the main component, acting as a gateway between the field and the internet and facilitating communication of parameter values to the cloud. This system enables farmers to access critical field parameters remotely, promoting the adoption of smart agriculture practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from pig barns are increasing persistently as a result of increasing pig farming due to the growing demand of pork, which is a great concern for rising greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the CO2 emissions with respect to the diurnal activities among different growing stages of pigs. Two experiments were conducted in an experimental pig barn in 2020 and 2021 to estimate the CO2 emissions in response to their activities and growing stages. A livestock environment management system (LEMS) was used to measure the concentration of CO2 inside the barn. A camera with a network video recorder was used to record the activities of pigs on a diurnal basis. Our results showed that the lowest CO2 emissions were found in the fattening stage 1 (age 61–81 days) while the highest CO2 emissions were resulted from the fattening stage 4 (age 124–144 days). Moreover, among the four fattening stages, CO2 emissions levels were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). The CO2 emissions were maximum during sleeping at midday (1–2 PM) and minimum during feeding at the evening (5–6 PM). In conclusion, this study recommends the need of additional research to be conducted to estimate the CO2 emissions concerning diurnal activities and different growing stages of pigs by providing different ingredients of diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of the Internet of Things applications (technologies and enabling platforms), consisting of software and hardware (e.g., sensors, actuators, etc.), allows healthcare providers and users to analyze and measure physical environments at home or hospital. The measured physical environment parameters contribute to improving healthcare in real time. Researchers in this domain require existing representative datasets to develop machine-learning techniques to learn physical variables from the surrounding environments. The available environmental datasets are rare and need too much effort to be generated. To our knowledge, it has been noticed that no datasets are available for some countries, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this paper presents one of the first environmental data generated in Saudi Arabia's environment. The advantage of this dataset is to encourage researchers to investigate the effectiveness of machine learning in such an environment. The collected data will also help utilize the machine learning and deep learning algorithms in smart home and health care applications based on the Saudi Arabia environment. Saudi Arabia has a special environment in each session, especially in the northern area where we work, where it is too hot in the summer and cold in the winter. Therefore, environmental data measurements in both sessions are important for the research community, especially those working in smart and healthcare environments. The dataset is generated based on the indoor environment from six sensors (timestamps, light, temperature, humidity, pressure, and altitude sensors). The room data were collected for 31 days in July 2022, acquiring 8910 records. The datasets include six columns of different data types that represent sensor values. During the experiment, the sensors captured the data every 5 min, storing them in a comma-separated value file. The data are already validated and publicly available at PLOMS Press and can be applied for training, testing, and validating machine learning algorithms. This is the first dataset developed by the authors for the research community for such an environment, and other datasets will follow it in different environments and places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for sea cucumbers from the NE-Atlantic is increasing as a consequence of the depletion of stocks that historically supplied Asian markets. Some species from the NE-Atlantic are already showing overfishing signs due to either inefficient policies or their total absence, and they do not offer any margins of sustainability to sea cucumber fisheries. The current lack of knowledge of biological and ecological traits has led to ineffective protection of those species. Holothuria arguinensis is a good example of a temperate sea cucumber species suffering from the effects of unregulated and illegal harvest. This study aims to determine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of H. arguinensis, assessing density and size-class structure in a NE-Atlantic population, in SW Portugal, as a function of environmental conditions. Sampling was done every 1.5 months at 6 stations defined according to habitat heterogeneity, following the coastline from the mouth of the Sado estuary to marine coastal areas. At each station, there were two habitats (rocky substrate and sandy areas) sampled through SCUBA diving along 30-m random transects, each with three replicates. Individuals were counted and measured (total length) and individual behavioural parameters, such as sheltering and settlement surface, were recorded. Water column parameters, sediment composition, and substrate cover were also recorded. Generalised Linear Models were fit to the data, modelling density and size distribution of the species with respect to environmental conditions. The results indicate that the distribution of H. arguinensis was mainly determined by its ability to deal with physical environmental stressors (current), rather than the chemical properties of the water column or sediment composition. The hydrodynamic features of the region exert the greatest impact on this species' distribution and help shape habitat usage by different size class groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Mediterranean, the fleshy, mat-forming red alga Phyllophora crispa creates high-biodiversity habitats that influence light availability, water movement, and temperature. However, knowledge about its influence on other key environmental parameters, such as oxygen availability, chlorophyll, and turbidity, is missing. Therefore, we conducted an in situ study in the Western Mediterranean Sea using multiparameter probes that were placed multiple times on algal P. crispa mats, in adjacent Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows, and on bare hard bottoms. We acquired a total of 17 full diel measurements for dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll, and turbidity in September and October 2019. Results showed that P. crispa mats influence the investigated parameters differently when compared to P. oceanica meadows and that a monthly effect was observed. In September, general DO patterns measured for P. crispa mats and P. oceanica meadows follow the daily cycle depending on light availability, with the measured DO being lower in the P. oceanica meadows compared to the P. crispa mats and the hard-bottom habitats. In October, however, no significant difference in DO concentrations was observed between P. crispa mats and P. oceanica meadows. Results of this study corroborate that P. crispa mats can be viewed as an ecosystem engineering species, influencing environmental parameters and, hence, providing a habitat for outstanding associated biodiversity.

Liaoning is one of the active regions for tornadoes in China, and the generation of a considerable number of tornadoes is associated with extratropical cyclones. In order to improve the understanding of environmental background and physical parameter characteristics, 42 extratropical cyclone tornadoes in Liaoning from 1979 to 2020 are statistically analyzed. The study is based on the reanalysis data of ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis V5), combining with records of China Meteorological Disaster Classic and China Meteorological Disaster Yearbook. Results show that extratropical cyclone tornadoes are mainly distributed in the central and western Liaohe Plain and along the coast of the Bohai Bay. Significant tornadoes(EF2 and above) account for 28.6% of all extratropical cyclone tornadoes.Extratropical cyclone tornadoes occur mostly in the southwest and southeast quadrants of extratropical cyclones, corresponding to the warm area before the cold front. The high-value area of the storm relative helicity and convective available potential energy(CAPE) appear in the southwest-southeast quadrant of the extratropical cyclones, with a belt-like distribution. Extratropical cyclone tornadoes are mainly distributed within 1° of latitude in the northwest of the large-value area of storm relative helicity and the strong gradient area at the top of the large-value area of CAPE. The strong tornado parameter(STP) center is located near the -2° of longitude distance and -5° of latitude distance from the center of tornadic extratropical cyclones, and the maximum value is above 0.7. The large value area of STP corresponds to the high-incidence area of EF2 and above extratropical cyclone tornadoes. The cold front and dry line in the surface are the key trigger of extratropical cyclone tornadoes, and the induced tornadoes are mainly distributed near the warm ridge of temperature field and the top of the tongue of humidity field. Comparing the vertical distribution of humidity near the center of tornadic extratropical cyclones and the tail of the cold front, the strong cold pool caused by the strong high-level dry intrusion can generate excessively strong downdraft, which may be an unfavorable factor for tornado formation. Extratropical cyclone tornadoes are mostly distributed in the distributary area of the left air flow of the upper-level jet, corresponding to the strong upper-level divergence area. The large value area of 0-3 km vertical temperature lapse rate has a good correspondence with the high incidence area of weak tornadoes near the center of extratropical cyclones.