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Environmental Sustainability (ES) is a growing concern for society’s development while identifying companies’ need to define sustainability-based strategies. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have an essential role; generating more than 60% of employment in Europe and Latin America. Numerous research exists regarding large companies’ situation on environmental topics, yet little exists on SMEs at the practical and theoretical levels. Thus, determining the variables that affect the application of ES is very relevant. This study analyzes in-depth ES factors and drivers from the SMEs’ perspective, exploring the variables influencing their implementation in these companies. The methodology employed is in-depth interviews, applied to a sample of 17 SMEs in Spain and 25 SMEs in Chile. The main findings suggest that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Customer Orientation (CO), and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) influence ES adoption in both countries, showing similarities in the driving reasons behind them, but with certain differences in their implementation (affected by institutional context influences). Furthermore, the level of knowledge affects decision-making related to the development of high-level environmental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Entrepreneurial identity aspiration refers to the desire to occupy an entrepreneurial role in the future and is an essential impetus for initially engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Building on identity theory, the article investigates the effects of personal attitudes, experiences and inclination towards specific practices on the strength of entrepreneurial identity aspiration. Design/methodology/approach: This article applies multiple linear regression analysis to test the developed hypotheses on an original sample of 127 vocational college students in Austria. Findings: Results show that risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and competitiveness drive entrepreneurial identity aspiration. The effects of innovativeness and need for achievement motivation are nonsignificant. Data further suggest that entrepreneurial identity aspiration is related to gender, while entrepreneurial exposure and previous entrepreneurship education show no or adverse effects. Practical implications: Based on our findings, the authors argue that education should focus on teaching and discussing the identified attitudes and inclinations to foster the formation of entrepreneurial identities. Doing so increases students' aspirations and provides them with the necessary cognitive underpinnings for subsequent entrepreneurial action. The article suggests action-based teaching to achieve this goal. Originality/value: This article is the first to investigate antecedents of entrepreneurial identity aspiration by connecting it to essential concepts of entrepreneurship research. The authors extend previous work on entrepreneurial identity and add to the theoretical approaches for research in entrepreneurship education. Furthermore, the article points out central aspects that should receive additional attention in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, and competitive advantage on the performance of SMEs in the culinary field. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with path analysis techniques. The results of this study are: 1), entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant direct effect on the competitive advantage of SMEs. That is, if the entrepreneurial orientation increases, the competitive advantage will increase. 2), market orientation has a positive and significant direct effect on the competitive advantage of SMEs. That is, if market orientation increases, then competitive advantage will increase. 3), entrepreneurial orientation has a direct and positive effect on the performance of SMEs. That is, if the entrepreneurial orientation increases for the better then the performance will increase for the better. 4), market orientation has a direct and positive effect on the performance of SMEs. That is, if the market orientation improves, the performance of MSMEs will increase. 5), competitive advantage has a positive and significant direct effect on the performance of SMEs. That is, if competitive advantage increases, the performance of SMEs will increase. 6), entrepreneurial orientation has no significant effect on the performance of SMEs through competitive advantage. That is, competitive advantage cannot be an intervening variable for the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs because the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs is greater than the effect of entrepreneurial orientation. SME performance through competitive advantage. 7), market orientation has no significant effect on the performance of SMEs through competitive advantage. That is, competitive advantage cannot be an intervening variable for the effect of market orientation on the performance of SMEs because the direct influence of market orientation is greater than the performance of SMEs through competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the interrelationships among the variables of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of agrarian management, innovative work behaviour (IWB) of employees, knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDC) and innovative performance (IP) of agrarian enterprises. We analysed not only direct effects but also the possibilities of mediating these effects to increase the overall effect on IP. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from managers of agribusinesses in Slovakia (175 respondents). We used the partial least squares structural equation modelling method and the appropriate software to test the theoretical research model and the proposed hypotheses to examine the relationships among the individual selected constructs in more depth. The findings point to the existence of a statistically significant relationship between EO and IP, which, however, is weaker than the overall effect of the involvement of mediation variables. Each mediation variable (IWB and KBDC) increases the overall effect separately, but their joint mediation action is of the greatest importance, when full mediation takes place. The strength of the relationship between the two main variables is also influenced by the size of the agrarian enterprise such that being larger has a negative moderation effect. Significant differences were also identified in the legal forms of business in favour of companies over agricultural co-operatives (ACs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of entrepreneurial orientation in addressing upward mechanisms of Indian immigrant workers in rural areas. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis was carried out to investigate how entrepreneurial orientation may affect mechanisms of professional transition. Precisely, we managed direct interviews among Indian workers (through the support of cultural mediators), local actors (like public and private advisors) and Italian entrepreneurs. Our funding suggests the presence of three Indian workers in Italy (simple workers, intrapreneurs, entrepreneurs), characterised by different entrepreneurial profile acting as engine or barrier to what we have labelled as "upward transition". Immigrant entrepreneurs play a relevant role in Italy and in our point of view, it is of paramount importance to allow them to access to rural development policies, knowledge, training and education upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many research studies indicate differences in the activities of small enterprises run by female and male entrepreneurs. These differences also apply to shaping entrepreneurial orientation. The main aim of the paper is to identify the entrepreneurial orientation in dimensions of autonomy, innovation, risk-taking, different level of proactivity, and competitive aggressiveness in relation to the gender of the entrepreneurs. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among 220 small enterprises in Poland. The research showed a similar level of entrepreneurial orientation in the observed dimensions and the positive correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and the economic performance of enterprises in both studied groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Governance in the relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and the Performance of SMEs in the short term. The authors conducted a statistical meta-analysis of the effect size of Governance on a firm's EO and short-term performance relationship in 45 articles, which together represent 9,657 companies. The results indicate that the correlation between EO and Performance in small and medium-sized companies is significant (r = 0.35), and the degree of Governance of each country influences this relationship. Thus, Governance plays a relevant role by favoring a favorable scenario, which allows the development of entrepreneurship and organizational innovation. In this way, it is also suggested that the articulation of institutions and programs that facilitate access to financial and training resources constitute effective methods to promote a good performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. This work constitutes the first study to consider the implications of Governance in the relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of small and medium-sized companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify potential explanatory variables of the entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity (EO-IC) of family enterprises (FEs) through a comparative study of family businesses in Spain and Latin America. The innovation literature reports a paradigm shift whereby the dynamic boost provided by corporate governance and productivity is playing an increasing role as a driver of EO-IC and sustainable competitive advantage. This issue acquires particular relevance in the case of family firms, where entrepreneurial and innovation capacities are characteristically hampered by socio-emotional and risk-aversion factors. We construct a panel of data on 182 large family enterprises (1,820 observations) domiciled in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Spain, drawing on the Thomson Onebanker and ORBIS databases for the period 2008-2018. The results reveal the emergence of new explanatory variables for the structure of the family-firm EO-IC framework, some related to productivity; others more basically to corporate governance. They also show that, in Latin America, the use of business efficiency (productivity) factors in the planning and potentiation of EO-IC by family firms is hampered by the institutional (legal, regulatory, labour and educational) environment, where traditional factors such as firm size and ownership concentration are more relevant. In the Spanish case, however, the evidence points to a transition from traditional inputs towards business efficiency and productivity- related factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable literature points to entrepreneurial orientation (eo) as an essential component in fostering organizational performance. In order to advance theoretical and empirical knowledge in the field of eo, this article undertakes an empirical inquiry into the extent to which entrepreneurial self-efficacymediates the relationship between organizational antecedents and eo at public hospitals in South Africa. Results support the study hypotheses insofar as organizational structure and performance rewards explain a significant amount of variation in eo, while entrepreneurial selfefficacy partially mediates this relationship. The study makes a novel contribution by highlighting the significance of the connection between different organizational antecedents and eo, while additionally interpreting the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, in an under-researched industry and country context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are a relevant and little-explored context to the study of strategic action, considering their need to adapt to environmental dynamics and establish a closer relationship with society. This study contributes to shedding light on how the changing process from a traditional university model to a more entrepreneurial model takes place. Thus, this study aims to analyze the role played by the universities' strategic management to the establishment of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the academic environment. For this sake, we did a multiple case study focusing on managers' decisions at the strategic level. The selected cases are three universities, two in Brazil and one in Sweden, recognized for their academic entrepreneurship approach in their environments. Based on these cases, the study reveals the influence of top-management decisions for the establishment of EO and how traditional institutions can pursue an entrepreneurial university model. The results emphasize the key role played by the universities' strategic management in establishing EO, through different levels of participation, but with recurrent behaviors in the implementation of the third academic mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to measure and analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on achieving knowledge management in Jordanian commercial banks. The study's population consisted of (21) Jordanian commercial banks. The analysis unit consisted of (853) managers in top and middle managements (general manager, deputy general manager, department manager, branch manager). The study's sample consisted of (309) respondents selected by the simple random sample method. The descriptive analytical method was used. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The study found statistically significant impact at significance level (a0 05) oF entrepreneurial orIenTaTIon with iTs comBIneD dimensions (innovative entrepreneurial orientation, proactive entrepreneurial orientation, risk-taking entrepreneurial orientation) in achieving knowledge management with its combined dimensions (knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, Knowledge implementation) in Jordanian commercial banks. The study recommended that Jordanian commercial banks should adopt an entrepreneurial orientation to benefit From iTs ouTpuTs in Developing Banking services To meeT cusTomers' neeDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to analyze whether the variable Curiosity is a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation. The multi-occupational sample of 883 Spanish and Colombian employees (49% men, 51% women) was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The data collected were processed with the SPSS 23.0 program. Statistically significant correlations were found among all the research variables except for Functional Impulsivity. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that Curiosity-D plays a moderating role between Dysfunctional Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the sense that Curiosity-D (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship between Dysfunctional Impulsivity (predictor variable) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (criterion variable). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market orientation has been presented as an important predictor of business performance, and it is presumed to contribute to long-term success in both profit-oriented and non-profit enterprises. Similarly, entrepreneurial orientation is a concept that has been widely applied to business firms but has not been empirically tested in social enterprises. Moreover, the literature does not present a widely accepted and tested conceptual model relating entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation and performance, in the realm of social enterprises. In order to fill this gap, this research assesses how these strategic orientations affect social and economic performance in the setting of social enterprises. Structural equation modeling was used as a means to analyze the hypothesized relationships. After testing the model on a sample of 805 Portuguese social enterprises, the findings show that both social entrepreneurship and market orientations significantly impact social performance. The results also indicate that market orientation mediates the effect of social entrepreneurship orientation on the performance of social enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study presents and validates a theoretical model linking individual characteristics of the founding or lead innovative entrepreneur of a start-up venture – the entrepreneur's values, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial self-efficacy – to the firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) and, ultimately, to firm performance. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted a survey on a stratified random sample of founders of early-stage South Australian micro- and small enterprises with a response rate of 24% (N = 204). Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the model. Findings: The study found that there is a significant relationship between the individual lead entrepreneur and firm strategies developed in early-stage firms in explaining firm performance. It also found that internal values are positively related to entrepreneurial attitude. Entrepreneurial attitude is positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and EO innovativeness. In turn, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is related to innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. The proactiveness dimension of EO and entrepreneurial attitude is related to MO. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, innovativeness and MO are related to firm performance. Research limitations/implications: This research was limited to entrepreneurial ventures in South Australia and may lack generalisability in other states and countries. Originality/value: The research contributes to the understanding of the heterogeneity within self-employed individuals, in particular among innovative entrepreneurs, by expanding insights regarding antecedents and consequences of the entrepreneurial process. It develops insights into the links of individual-level constructs with firm-level constructs to develop a more meaningful understanding of new venture creation and performance. It enhances our knowledge of the heterogeneity within the group of self-employed by exploring the individual entrepreneurial antecedents of performance in early-stage firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The privileged and vital position of family businesses as the oldest and most dominant form of business in innovation, wealth generation and job creation and unemployment removal and more importantly the continuity of businesses created in the current state of the global economy, for every A developing country like our beloved country Iran, prompted researchers to conduct a research with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the continuity of family businesses during the outbreak of Covid-19. Methods: The research method is mixed exploratory. The statistical population is all the owners, senior and middle managers and employees of active family businesses in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces, based on Morgan's table, 384 people were selected as a sample for the large population. The data collection tools in the qualitative part included library studies and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with family business owners and managers, and in the quantitative part, the researcher made a questionnaire. Results: The results of this research showed that 9 general factors were identified, which include entrepreneurial orientation, environmental factors, family capital, business profitability and growth, strategic planning, succession plan, business governance, leadership and business management. Work was a family culture. Conclusion: Entrepreneurial tendency is the first priority in terms of importance, followed by environmental factors, family capital, and business growth and profitability, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation is a young arena in research that is fascinating the attention of a growing number of scholars. However, there are not enough studies that investigate open innovation performance. The pharmaceutical industry with the most Research and Development (R&D) intensity has been targeted by this new paradigm. This study explores the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on open innovation performance, considering the mediating role of desorptive capacity, which is defined as the firm's capability to recognize outward technology transfer opportunities and to facilitate it. We use structural equation modeling to examine the hypotheses on a dataset from 100 Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturers in 2018. The results of the study support our conceptual model. Our findings indicate that a firm's entrepreneurial orientation and desorptive capacity have a positive effect on its open innovation performance. Moreover, desorptive capacity has a mediating effect in the relation of entrepreneurial orientation and open innovation performance. This denotes that our new model contributes to the concept of desorptive capacity in the context of open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Policy makers have called for more entrepreneurship throughout societies as a response to the digital transformation. This paper argues that the rapidly changing conditions of the digital age indeed mark a change in the bases of entrepreneurship. Specifically, as adaptivity becomes key, a learning capacity and general ability to adapt becomes a critical factor in entrepreneurial activity. The paper identifies self-directed learning (SDL) as a fundamental competence in this regard and examines its role for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competence. Design/methodology/approach: The paper develops a theoretical framework for the role of SDL in entrepreneurship through a process of systematic review of previous studies that have linked SDL to entrepreneurship. Findings: The formulated theoretical framework shows how SDL competence combines with experiential learning in supporting the kind of adaptivity needed for entrepreneurial competence, especially under more rapidly changing conditions. SDL competence also gains wider importance through enabling individuals to meet the demands of organizational changes in our highly volatile world. Practical implications: SDL competence prepares individuals for entrepreneurship and resilience in face of rapid changes as well as for being more entrepreneurial in the conduct of their lives more generally. Fostering SDL competence can thus be regarded as an important objective of entrepreneurship education. Originality/value: The described self-directed experiential learning cycle offers a novel perspective that clarifies how both self-directed and experiential learning competences are integral for understanding the basis of adaptiveness in entrepreneurial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the need for social entrepreneurship is highly emphasized as a fast and efficient tool to address complex socio-economic and humanitarian crises that today's world is plagued more than ever in history. Despite the general recognition that personality traits are important for social entrepreneurial activity, there is currently no insight into which traits make up the social entrepreneurial personality. Number of authors argued that social entrepreneurs share many personality traits with commercial entrepreneurs besides they are also characterized by distinct social traits. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the combined effect of classical entrepreneurial orientation and prosocial orientation as elements of social entrepreneurial personality on social entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, this study aims to fulfil this gap by proposing a conceptual framework on the combined effect of both classical entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness, proactivity) and prosocial orientation (empathy and social responsibility) as elements of social entrepreneurial personality on social entrepreneurial intention among university graduates in Yemen. This framework could be useful for universities and other stakeholders to produce graduates with holistic social entrepreneurship traits that guide them to choose social entrepreneurship as a viable career path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on the knowledge-based view, the study aims to investigate the impact of knowledge management enablers (entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-oriented leadership) on knowledge management processes and project success. The study further ascertains the specific combinations of knowledge management enablers and knowledge management processes that can lead to project success. Design/methodology/approach: Survey data were collected from 222 project workers in information technology projects, and the proposed relationships were assessed through partial least squares structural equation modeling while configuration paths were assessed using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Findings: The study found a significant impact of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge management processes and project success. The analysis also revealed that knowledge management processes did not significantly impact project success. Moreover, the insights from fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis show a clear pattern of equifinality, in that there are multiple combinations of knowledge management enablers and knowledge management processes that can lead to a successful project. Originality/value: The current study is one of the earlier studies to provide insights to knowledge-based view by demonstrating the inter-relationship of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-oriented leadership with knowledge management processes and project success. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the impact of knowledge-oriented leadership on project success. With limited studies on impact of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge management processes, the study enriches the literature on linkage of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge-oriented leadership with knowledge management processes. Methodological contributions include use of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to reveal multiple pathways to project success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars stressed over the importance of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management for promoting innovation in the enterprises. SMEs, especially in the developing countries are afraid of innovating new products. This research focused particularly on SMEs operating in Jordan which is considered as a heaven for SMEs. The data has been collected with the help of an adopted questionnaires through simple random sampling. The framework has been developed using theoretical lenses of resource-based view, knowledge based view, and contingency theory. A structural equation modelling approach has been applied to test direct and indirect effects. The findings supported all the established relationships except the direct relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation performance. However, indirect effect of entrepreneurial orientation through open innovation is significant. The findings are highly relevant for the practitioners as they guide that product innovation performance is dependent on open innovation, only entrepreneurial orientation is insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility is a developing approach that any organization can implement for sustainability. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are implementing this strategy in the current climate to improve their quality of education and sustainability, which aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Agenda for 2023. The current research examines the critical role of university social responsibility (USR) in sustainable knowledge sharing via the mediation effects of collaborative climate and entrepreneurial orientation. We obtained our dataset from 456 Saudi public and 605 private university students. SmartPLS4 findings showed that USR significantly affects collaborative climate, entrepreneurial orientation, and sustainable knowledge sharing. The multi-group analysis results show that collaborative climate and entrepreneurial orientation partially mediated the USR-knowledge-sharing linkage in favor of private university students. This paper provides useful information for policymakers within HEIs. • Social exchange theory was employed in the proposed model. • Nexus between university social responsibility and knowledge sharing has been investigated. • Collaborative climate and entrepreneurial orientation partially mediated. • Findings provide emerging trends to develop knowledge sharing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The study aimed to relate cognitive styles (CS), self-handicapping (SH) behaviors and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) present in an agroindustry of Santa Catarina. These aspects, within the same perspective, presents alternatives in the human capital management and as something new, in order to create and expand knowledge. Design/methodology/approach -- The research was descriptive, quantitative, survey, and had statistical procedures. The respondents were 46 administrative employees of this agroindustry. Findings -- The results indicate the predominance of employees with quasi-analytical (31%) and adaptive (28%) cognitive styles. Low SH indexes in the surveyed agroindustry were examined, demonstrating the engagement in the search for the results expected. The EO was moderate, evidencing a conservative stance of the company. No significant differences were observed in the relationship between the constructs of CS, SH and EO. However, the relationship between SH, EO and gender confirmed significant differences. Higher SH indices were observed among males, and a higher EO index in females. This difference disappears, statistically, in the other relationships. The conclusion is that reason prevails in the decision-making process, with a commitment focused on achieving the results, with a more conservative than entrepreneurial attitude. Practical implications -- The study of the relationship of Cognitive Style, Self-Handicapping, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, within the understanding of Human Capital Management, constitutes a new perspective, making it possible to broaden the understanding of the theme in terms of administrative practice. Originality/value -- Studying Cognitive Style, Self-Handicapping, and Entrepreneurial Orientation, in the context of Human Capital Management, in an agroindustry, presents itself as original and valuable research, contributing to the Administration Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs with multiple abilities perform a vital role in enhancing the economic as well as the operational performance of any particular sector. The career success of an entrepreneur and his role is considered as a leading building block of the performance of the sector in almost all nations. However, the main purpose of the paper is to identify the effect of entrepreneurial grit on the career success of being an entrepreneur in the pharmaceutical sector of Thailand. The career success of an entrepreneur which includes career satisfaction perceived financial attainment, and perceived career achievement analyzed in the given study mainly through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The research was cross-sectional and the information was gathered from about 421 entrepreneurs of Thailand pharmaceutical sector through the use of questionnaire technique along with a purposive sampling method. The results of the predicted that entrepreneurial grit has a significant impact on achieving success in an entrepreneurial career. In the study, entrepreneurial orientation was also related to all the aspects of career success to identify its impacts, and results indicate that entrepreneurial orientation plays a significant role in improving the career of an entrepreneur. The verdicts of the research help many on duty entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical sector of Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to resolve the research gap on the influence of market orientation on innovation capacity, with entrepreneurial orientation in coffee shop start-up businesses in Indonesia. The approach used in this research is quantitative with a purposive sampling technique with 110 respondents. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS), and the results of this study indicate that market orientation has a significant effect on innovation capacity, market orientation has a significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on innovation capacity, and market orientation has a significant effect on innovation capacity. Innovation capacity through entrepreneurial orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of the specific value orientations of Russian entrepreneurs concerning their families and business. Finally, 93 values were identified. Terminal values turned out to be more differentiated in the sphere of business; family values had undivided meanings, and merged with the self-image. An analysis of the instrumental values of family and business showed that they repeat each other by a quarter; otherwise, they were subject-specific. The article proposes a projective technique: the proprietary structure of indepth interviews, based on prototypical situations that are symmetrical in the life cycle of an organization and a family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence learning at higher educational institutions is one of the emerging concepts having vital importance to promote entrepreneurship activities among the university students. However, Malaysian Universities are lacking with the artificial intelligence learning activities. The objective of the study is to examine the role of artificial intelligence learning to promote entrepreneurship performance with the help of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic entrepreneurship. Moreover, the moderating role of government funding and attitude towards entrepreneurship is also examined. To achieve the objective of this study, a survey was carried out among the Malaysian universities. 500 questionnaires were distributed among the universities and data were collected from the teaching staff. After collection of data, it was analysed with the help of Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It is concluded that artificial intelligence learning is most significant to promote entrepreneurial performance among university students. Entrepreneurial orientation and strategic entrepreneurship play a key role to transfer the positive effect of artificial intelligence learning on entrepreneurial performance. Additionally, government funding and attitude towards entrepreneurship also has significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how five key entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions--risk taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy--affect family business performance, as well as the moderating effect of socioemotional wealth (SEW) on these relationships. The findings, based on a sample of 609 Spanish and Portuguese family firms, reveal that not all EO dimensions are equally important for performance, as only proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy were significant. However, we also find that the EO-performance relationship is affected by concern for SEW preservation, as our SEW measure moderates risk taking positively and innovativeness negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research is to examine, for the first time, the influence of dimensions of culture according to the GLOBE model on the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. The research sample belongs to the service sector within the transitional society of Serbia, i.e. tourism and medical sector, which are linked through the ever-growing health tourism industry. Different influences of dimensions of culture (uncertainty avoidance, performance orientation, group collectivism, assertiveness and gender equality) on dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (work ethic. innovativeness, empathy, autonomy and risk readiness) are confirmed. The obtained results are important for defining the cultural framework which influences the development of entrepreneurial activities within tourism and health service sectors in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how certain Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) from Emerging Economies (EE) are able to raise funds from International Development Agencies (IDAs) while others are not successful in this endeavor. Following a multiple case study involving six Brazilian CSOs, our results suggest that one of the factors that explain the success of CSOs in international fundraising is Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), which allows some of them to develop innovative approaches aligned with the guidelines of international development agencies. These results contribute to the expansion of the theoretical domain in which the EO construct is important for international fundraising, a field that has been explored little in the literature. From a practical viewpoint, the study suggests that CSOs that wish to raise funds from IDAs should promote EO internally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars have recently started to connect organizational factors in preparing a firm for corporate entrepreneurship to organizational outputs such as financial and innovative performance, there is less understanding of the mechanisms explaining these connections and their boundary conditions. In this vein, this study theorizes how and when Organizational Preparedness for Corporate Entrepreneurship (OPCE) enhances corporate financial and innovative performance. Our observation of 256 firms in the food industry of Iran indicates that OPCE promotes financial and innovative performance through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the relationship between OPCE and organizational outputs is stronger when firms perceive their business environment more dynamic. This provides a better understanding of the way firms can enhance their performance, in particular in the novel context of Iran as a developing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the executives of SMEs have a crucial part in decision and strategy making processes, their entrepreneurial attitudes related with Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), might enable them to perform better in achieving their firms' targets, growth and success. In this sense, this research purposes to determine and compare EO of executives of SMEs from various countries by concentrating their gender, age and education. To achieve this goal, the researchers separately collected data from 1620 executives of Czech and Turkish SMEs and Mann-Whitney U test was performed to make analyses for this study. The findings corroborate that Czech executives are more proactive and aggressive in competition than Turkish executives while Turkish executives are more autonomous. Except differences between younger Czech and Turkish executives, risk taking behaviours do not change among the executives. Lastly, Turkish male and older executives take more innovative actions than their Czech counterparts. The reasons for these findings might be clarified with cultural differences, market structure, level of corruption, propensity to apply patents, public spending on childcare and assertive behaviours of executives. Some policy implementations for policy makers and other organizations are also offered by the researchers to eliminate differences in EO of the executives and SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aimed to develop a scale for measuring entrepreneurial corporate governance in privately held Brazilian companies, based on the constructs corporate governance and entrepreneurial orientation. Data were collected via a questionnaire with 300 privately held Brazilian companies and the exploratory factor analysis was used to build the scale. At the end of the statistical tests, the 24 items of the scale were grouped in three dimensions (transparency/accountability, corporate responsibility and equity), different from the four dimensions presented in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, entrepreneurial attitude (entrepreneurial intention) of participants of a minimum 60 hour coaching training that is internationally accredited, to turn coaching skills into an occupation and positive pyschological capital perception is investigated, and the effect of these factors on entrepreneurial orientation in terms of coaching is researched. First, personality traits tied to entrepreneurship is investigated via an exploratory research. In this pre-research, deep interview with 10 participants in Adana is completed and profound information is collected for determining the structure of the study. Afterwards, a survey is completed with 53 professional coaches in Adana region. Due to limited number of training participants, all the coaches that can be reached is included in the survey. Results of this survey indicates that entrepreneurial attitude in terms of coaching and positive psychological capital have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. In the future studies, a research on other antecedent and mediating factors that effect turning coaching skills into an occupation is aimed for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (OE) and the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (SMEs). OE was studied through six dimensions: risk assumption, proactivity, innovative behavior, autonomy, competitive aggressiveness and network of relationships. A survey was used, with an electronic questionnaire, applied to managers/owners. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, operationalized in SmartPLS 3. The findings show a positive and significant relationship between OE and organizational performance. As a contribution, it is demonstrated that the network dimension of relationships, which until then was incipient in previous investigations, becomes relevant in the context of the management and performance of SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with mediating role of differentiation strategy in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical framework has been developed to base the hypotheses, as also to determine the exact approach in this study. To establish the influence of EO on the performance of SME, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire has been used to collect data from middle and senior managers who operate in SMEs in the manufacturing sectors. The sample illustrates 166 incumbents, comprising 68.07 per cent from middle management and 31.93 per cent from senior management operating in manufacturing sector of SMEs, by means of a stratified random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos graphics software. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Findings: EO, as a whole, presents a significant positive effect on the performance of SMEs. Moreover, differentiation strategy partially mediated the relationship between EO and performance of SMEs. Two dimensions of EO, proactiveness and risk-taking propensity, strongly increased firm performance while innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy and competitive energy did not cause any significant change. The findings differ from the current view of western enterprises that innovativeness (INO) played a major role by increasing performance of SMEs. The results transpired that innovativeness (INO) tends to reduce performance of SMEs, but the p-value did not reach a high significance value. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this empirical study is comparatively a small size of the sample. The analysis of power suggests that a larger sample could have provided more reliable and extensive results. Regardless of that, the analysis of reliability, using the Cronbach's alpha, exhibited the consistency of outcomes in providing an accurate portrait of the EO influences on the performance of SME. Practical implications: The study verifies that two dimensions of EO have considerable effects on the performance of SMEs, while the others have not, whereas, the EO, as whole, has significant positive effect on performance of SMEs. These findings should be helpful for researchers looking for appropriate performance measures, and for entrepreneurs aiming at getting support for their decisions and evaluating their performance. Originality/value: The current study appears to be first of its kind focusing on the link between EOs, as whole, and its dimensions, to performance of SMEs and differentiation strategies within the specific context of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to quantify the relative importance of four key entrepreneurial characteristics identified in the literature (proactiveness, attitude to risk, innovativeness and self-efficacy) in predicting students' entrepreneurial intention (EI) across a range of faculties offering different subjects at a UK higher education institution (HEI). This approach will help to identify whether there are variations across the faculties in the predictors of EI. This enables recommendations to be made with regard to the development of educational delivery and support to encourage and develop the specific predictors of EI within the different subject areas. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a 40-item questionnaire to obtain information on students' demographics, entrepreneurial characteristics and EI, based on a five-point Likert-type scale. Principle component analysis, correlation analysis and multiple hierarchical regression analysis are used to analyse the data from 1,185 students to develop models which predict EI for each of the six faculties. Findings: Individual models which predict EI are developed for each of the six faculties showing variations in the makeup of the predictors across faculties in the HEI. Attitude to risk was the strongest predictor in five of the six faculties and the second strongest predictor in the sixth. The differences, together with the implications, for educational approaches and pedagogy are considered. Originality/value: This research breaks down the level of analysis of EI to the individual faculty level in order to investigate whether different entrepreneurial characteristics predict EI in different academic disciplines across a UK HEI. This enables entrepreneurship educational approaches to be considered at a faculty level rather than a one size fits all approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal distinctiveness perspective argues that firms face competing pressures to be both 'like' and 'different from' their peers. On the one hand, institutional scholars assert that firms need to be similar to peers in order to gain legitimacy. On the other hand, strategy scholars insist that firms need to strive to be different to gain competitive advantage. In order to enrich the optimal distinctiveness perspective, the present study builds a conceptual model that addresses the relationships among organisational regulatory legitimacy, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME innovation under the context of China's transition economy. Our empirical results show that organisational regulatory legitimacy has an inverted-U relationship with SME innovation. Further, entrepreneurial orientation strengthens this inverse-U shaped relationship. That is, entrepreneurial orientation magnifies both the positive and the negative effect of organisational regulatory legitimacy on SME innovation. This study echoes to the call to conduct broader optimal distinctiveness research by integrating institutional theory and strategic management. Furthermore, our findings provide new evidence for the strategic balance perspective of optimal distinctiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance is a serious concern for manufacturing SMEs, especially for pharmaceutical SMEs in Thailand. Specifically, pharmaceutical SMEs face challenges regarding the enhancing performance by application of total quality management and entrepreneurial orientation. This study envisioned to assess the entrepreneurial orientation and total quality management on organizational performance of pharmaceutical organizations in Thailand. This study also aimed to test the moderating role of organizational learning. To study the proposed association of variables, the data was gathered from the owners and managers of Thai pharmaceutical small and medium firms. This study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation and total quality management are the factors that significantly enhance the performance of pharmaceutical organizations in Thailand. Findings of the study demonstrate that organizational learning significantly moderate the relationship of TQM with performance of pharmaceutical organizations but it does not moderate the link of entrepreneurial orientation. The theoretical contribution of the present study lies in its use of organizational learning as a moderator of the relationships of entrepreneurial orientation, total quality management, and pharmaceutical SMEs' performance..From the practical perspective, the key contribution of this study is that pharmaceutical SMEs in Thailand may clearly appreciate the benefits of devoting greater attention to the implementation of entrepreneurial orientation, total quality management, and organisational learning to attain a sustained competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper empirically examined the moderating effect of entrepreneurial culture and government support on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and perceived financial firm performance in the context of province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Literature on firm level entrepreneurship studies argued that external environmental factors varies across countries and regions, therefore, investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance is contingent to the external factors known as entrepreneurial ecosystem of the region. Data were collected from 392 managers, senior officials and owners of the SME's representing four different business sectors of food and beverages, textile and leather products, wood and wood products, arms ammunition and other manufacturing products geographically located in Peshawar, Gadoon, Risalpur and Hattar industrial zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique were utilized to give proper representation to each sub-population stratum. Data analysis were performed in IBM SPSS 23 and IBM SEM AMOS 23. Constructs Measurement model, structural model and path analysis were done through AMOS structural equation modeling. Further, to examine the moderation effect of the variables entrepreneurial culture and government support on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and firm performance Baron and Kenny (1983) three step approach were used. Findings of the present research revealed significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SME's firm performance. Moreover, entrepreneurial culture significantly moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance, whereas government support do not moderate the relationship between Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Like other developing countries, Pakistan is under severe economic pressure and striving to boost entrepreneurial orientation for achieving growth through minimal depletion of natural resources. In order to facilitate widespread and successful adoption of green entrepreneurial farming, it is crucial to address barriers inhibiting the uptake of green entrepreneurial activities in farming for the sustainability of natural resources as well as food provision. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate barriers in the adoption of green entrepreneurial farming in Pakistan. To fulfill the study objectives, after a comprehensive literature review and field visit, 34 barriers were identified. The results based on ranking analysis identified 20 out of 34 barriers as critical barriers to adoption of green entrepreneurial farming in the country. Furthermore, factor analysis was employed to group underlying 20 critical barriers into six major categories viz. 1) training and development-related barriers, 2) entrepreneurial orientation-related barriers, 3) market orientation-related barriers, 4) customer orientation-related barriers, 5) innovation orientation-related barriers, and 6) green supporting supplies-related barriers. Results showed that most dominant barrier among six groupings was training and development-related barriers and the marginal role of government in the provision of such endeavours. This implies that government needs to play a more active role in the adoption and promotion of green entrepreneurial farming in Punjab, Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial attitude of companies is key to compete in a globalized and dynamic economic environment. Thus, it is of special interest the analysis of the factors that promote or hinder the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of organizations. In the case of family businesses, the interaction between the family and the business can directly affect the OE, although this effect may vary depending on whether it occurs in the top management team or in the Board of Directors. In addition, the effect of family involvement in both organs may be affected by their respective sizes. Based on a sample of 91 family SMEs, this paper shows the negative effect on OE of a high proportion of family members in the Board and in the top management team, an effect that is reinforced when the number of decision-makers in each organ is greater. This study also finds that the involvement of different family generations in the top management team has a positive effect on EO, decreasing this influence in larger top management teams In addition to the theoretical implications of these findings, the practical implications for managers and owners of family SMEs that are immersed in a period of professionalization are especially interesting. Thus, this study can be helpful in designing the size and the composition of the top management team and the Board of Directors of this type of organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the firm performance predictors of Thai SMEs, examining the relationships among market orientation (MO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and firm performance (FP) through a sample of 405 SMEs operating in the service and retail industries. Specifically, we test the mediation effects on the relationships between MO, EO, and FP by marketing capabilities. Results indicate that MO has both direct and indirect impacts on FP, whereas EO has only a significant indirect impact on FP through the mediation of marketing capabilities. EO can predict MO, while marketing capabilities can predict marketing performance through financial outcomes. This study does provide evidence for best practice for SMEs in that MO and EO as constructs may not contribute to superior performance, organizations may require organizational capability resources, such as marketing capabilities, to attain superior business results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines how human capital combines with and influences organizational orientations to determine performance. Specifically, this study investigates small restaurant businesses’ ability to effectively exploit intangible resources and capabilities, rather than tangible resources, in order to produce sustainable competitive advantage. A structured questionnaire was used to survey owners/managers of small independent restaurants in the United States. The results demonstrate that human capital, market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation serve as intangible resources and capabilities that can augment the competitive position of independent restaurants, and thereby improve performance. Human capital also combines with and influences the adoption of market orientation and subsequent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the propensity to establish a reciprocal association between universities and industries through an interchange of knowledge is becoming greater. In developing countries, the perception of academicians in entrepreneurial universities, however, is mixed. This research aims to satisfy a clear gap in the main field of research whereabouts only recent studies analysed the challenges imposed by knowledge management. The main objective looks into the factors contributing towards advancement of entrepreneurial university paradigms in a developing country, Malaysia. This study carried out a survey among academicians who are currently employed in 15 public and private universities. The majority of the respondents believe their university contains strong elements of entrepreneurism. With respect to previous literature, this study is useful for government and university authorities to formulate guidelines and policies to implement and reinforce the concept of entrepreneurial universities, in order to extend debates concerning the creation of entrepreneurship ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the importance of entrepreneurship and innovation in the Pharmaceutical industry, the current study investigates the moderation role of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on the influence of innovation on Pharmaceutical SMEs performance in Jordan. The current research was conducted on Jordanian pharmaceutical SMEs including manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies with employee numbers of less than 100. The research design was quantitative, descriptive, causal, and cross-sectional held by an online questionnaire tool targeted all employees, managers, and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in pharmaceutical SMEs. Using the AMOS software, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was adopted to analyze a sample of 162 surveys and examine the hypotheses. The outcome of this study indicated that the research model variables can explain 69.4 % of the variance of SMEs' performance. Additionally, it confirmed that innovation has a significant positive impact on pharmaceutical SMEs, and Entrepreneurial Orientation moderates the influence of innovation on pharmaceutical SMEs' Performance. Furthermore, current research findings contribute to extending existing relevant knowledge about the innovation impact and moderating role of Entrepreneurial Orientation on pharmaceutical SMEs' performance in Jordan and understanding the relationship between these variables to be of significant guidance to managing entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Further, the results show SMEs' methods and directions to follow during crises, such as COVID-19, to maintain business performance and sustainability. The current research paper contributes to the present literature since very limited studies investigated the innovation impact on SMEs' performance. Moreover, previous studies did not sufficiently analyze the impact of management, product, and process dimensions of innovation on SMEs' performance with the contribution of EO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the relationship between strategic orientations (market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation), organizational ambidexterity, and sustained competitive advantage under the mediation of Industry 4.0 readiness. Based on data from a sample of 144 SMEs belonging to different economic sectors, we employed partial least squares–structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Empirical research suggests that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a favorable relationship with Industry 4.0 readiness and sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, our findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation has a greater effect on SCA than market orientation in emerging markets. Furthermore, Industry 4.0 readiness acts as a full intermediary between strategic orientations and sustainable competitive advantage. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between strategic orientation and sustainable competitive advantage through Industry 4.0 as the mediator. SMEs' managers can use these findings to rethink their technology adoption strategies and exploitative and explorative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial orientation is a company-level phenomenon that leads getting to new jobs and includes three key features: innovation, risk taking and being proactive. Although there are discussions about the dimensions of entrepreneurship, the concept of entrepreneurial orientation has attracted the attention of many researchers. This high level of interest derives from the economic impact of entrepreneurial activities. There are many researches on the importance of entrepreneurial orientation on the survival and performance of companies. Empirical findings from the conducted researches indicated that the positive impact of the entrepreneurial orientation on performance has increased over time. This study aims to examine the effects of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance and to discuss the empirical findings obtained and to develop a different perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study compares the motivations of Australian and German book publishers. The results demonstrate remarkable similarities, but also a significant difference regarding the effects of the publishers’ self-concept. In the German case the publishers with a dominant economic orientation are more proactive than the publishers with a dominant cultural orientation. In the Australian case, this correlation does not exist. The same difference holds for the relationship between the economic orientation and extrinsic motivation. We discuss these results and examine empirical evidence and theoretical suggestions to explain the differing findings. The data stem from surveys conducted in the two countries with responses of 196 (Germany) and 54 publishers (Australia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]