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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the clinical course of severe coronavirus infection in a 59-year-old woman at risk for comorbidities. Data on the pathogenesis of the severe form of COVID-19 are presented. Prognostic laboratory signs of an unfavorable outcome of coronavirus infection in people at risk are considered. The patient management tactics are described in accordance with the protocol for the treatment of new coronavirus infection. The assessment of patient management at the outpatient stage is given. A new coronavirus infection in at-risk patients can quickly lead to a worsening of the condition, which is manifested by severe lung damage not only according to computed tomography data, but also by the clinical symptom of ARDS. The severity of the condition in this category of patients is due to severe viral aggression, the development of a cytokine storm. The use of the recommended protocol for the treatment of new coronavirus infection in patients at risk does not always give the expected positive result.

В статье рассматривается тема сохранения и укрепления психологического здоровья подрастающего поколения, которое в настоящее время является основой современного общества. Необходимость решения данной проблемы возрастает особенно на данный момент, когда стремительно растет количество детей, переживающих эмоциональное неблагополучие, которое приводит их к соматическому ослаблению, развитию неврозов, а также к появлению высокого уровня тревожности. В психологической науке разработано большое количество техник, методов и приемов работы с различными уровнями и видами тревожности, но проблема психолого-педагогического сопровождения младших школьников с высоким уровнем тревожности остается до конца не изученной.

В статье представлены результаты исследований малых рек города Вольска – Верхней Малыковки и Нижней Малыковки. Описано современное состояние основных русел и притоков, приводятся схемы гидрографических сетей и некоторые гидрологические характеристики рек.

Neuropeptides (NPs), a unique class of neuronal signaling molecules, participate in a variety of physiological processes and diseases. Quantitative measurements of NPs provide valuable information regarding how these molecules are differentially regulated in a multitude of neurological, metabolic, and mental disorders. Mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to become a powerful technique for measuring trace levels of NPs in complex biological tissues and individual cells using both targeted and exploratory approaches. There are inherent challenges to measuring NPs, including their wide endogenous concentration range, transport and postmortem degradation, complex sample matrices, and statistical processing of MS data required for accurate NP quantitation. This review highlights techniques developed to address these challenges and presents an overview of quantitative MS-based measurement approaches for NPs, including the incorporation of separation methods for high-throughput analysis, MS imaging for spatial measurements, and methods for NP quantitation in single neurons.

The lecture is devoted to non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection. Various measures are described to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to both the public and healthcare providers. The characteristic of various measures for the disinfection of medical and household waste is given. A detailed description of various personal protection methods with a description of the rules for their use is given. Attention is drawn to the rules for the use of personal protective equipment during a pandemic. Attention is drawn to common errors encountered when using personal protective equipment. The importance of their use in order to prevent the spread of infection outside medical institutions is emphasized.

—The content of crude protein in leaves and seeds of vegetable soybean, an important legume crop used in a functional and healthy nutrition, has been evaluated by a spectrophotometric analysis. Breeding forms of soybean were grown on an experimental field and in a greenhouse of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow oblast). In this 3-year work, the crude protein accumulation in seeds of vegetable soybean at the R8-stage stage under conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem Soil Zone of Russia (55th parallel north) were first studied. No significant difference between the vegetable and oil-seed soybean forms was observed in relation to the protein content in leaves at the R6-stage phase; the average value for vegetable samples was 8.1%. At this phase, the level of protein accumulation in seeds of all samples was almost equal (27.5–28.4%). According to the data of 3-year observations, vegetable soybean accumulated the higher total protein (+15.7% in relative values) at the R8-stage phase, which may be explained by hereditary factors. The maximum crude protein content in seeds was observed in breeding lines Obrazets A, Hidaka, and Cha Kura Kake; the average value for these lines reached 47.4% in absolute units. Under studied conditions, a significant accumulation of crude protein was observed in leaves and seeds of vegetable soybean during both phases of generative development, which may provide great prospects for the use of these samples in the production of functional food products with a high protein content.

The lecture sets out modern ideas about the etiology of viral hepatitis E, considering its species, physical and chemical properties. The questions of epidemiology are covered, namely, a characteristic of the zones of the spread of the virus, transmission routes, depending on the genotype of the virus, is given. Issues of the pathogenesis of the disease are also given taking into account new data on the virus genotypes. The acute and chronic forms of the course of the disease and extrahepatic manifestations of this infection are described. Their clinical picture, laboratory diagnostic methods, modern principles of therapy and prevention are given.

Background and Objectives: The fiber-based evanescent-wave mid-IR spectroscopy is a prospective tool for the real-time remote chemical analysis of various substances, which have their vibrational spectra in the mid-IR spectral range. Chalcogenide fibers transparent in the mid-IR are considered as the most suitable sensing elements of the fiber-based mid-IR spectroscopic sensors. Earlier, to describe light fields in a chalcogenide fiber embedded into an absorbing medium, a ray optics approach based on the approximation of weak absorption of the medium was used. However, this approach is not applicable for the mid-IR spectroscopy of liquids since the absorption coefficients of liquids in the mid-IR can be of the order of 103 cm-1. As the difference of refractive indices of a chalcogenide glass (2.4–3.4) and a liquid (1.28–1.35) is large, the weakly guiding approximation widely used to design the fiber-optic information networks is not applicable for the sensing elements modeling. Development of a reliable mathematical model of light fields in the chalcogenide sensing elements is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of such a mathematical model based on the electromagnetic theory of optical fibers is presented. Materials and Methods: A multimode single-index chalcogenide fiber embedded into an absorbing liquid is considered as a sensing element of a fiber-based spectroscopic sensor. For this sensing element, a model of a infinite cylindrical waveguide with a uniform core and an infinite uniform cladding with a complex-valued refractive index is proposed. To describe light fields in the sensing element, a mathematical model based on solution of a boundary value problem for Helmholtz equations in a rigorous electrodynamic formulation is developed. For classification of the boundary value problem solutions, a complex plane of a fiber mode parameter in the cladding is used. Eigenwaves obtained by solution of the boundary value problem that satisfies the condition of exponential decay in the waveguide cross-section at infinity are identified as evanescent modes of the waveguide. The power of the modes is decreasing along the waveguide due to the external absorption. In computer modeling of the evanescent modes, an eigenvalue equation written for the modes parameters is solved numerically. As an absorbing liquid, pure acetone is chosen. The absorption coefficient of acetone, obtained experimentally, is used to evaluate the imaginary part of its refractive index. Results: Specificity of the boundary value problem formulation in application to the light fields in sensing elements of the fiber-based spectroscopic sensors has been revealed. A mathematical model of evanescent modes of a chalcogenide sensing element has been elaborated by using the rigorous electrodynamic approach. This model has been applied to calculate the longitudinal and transverse power flows of the HEvm evanescent modes in the cross-section of a chalcogenide fiber immersed into the pure acetone. It was demonstrated that in the rigorous mathematical model, the transverse power flows of evanescent modes are specifically nonzero. With the given parameters of the chalcogenide sensing element and the absorbing medium, the density of the transverse components of the power flow at a specified peak wavelength of an absorption band of acetone was 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than the longitudinal component density. Conclusion: The mathematical model of light fields in chalcogenide sensing elements for the mid-IR spectroscopy has been developed with account of the large difference in the refractive indices of the chalcogenide fiber core and the external medium having large absorption coefficients. Applicability of the mathematical model based on the rigorous electrodynamic approach was confirmed previously in our works where the results of computer modeling fit the experimental data obtained in the chalcogenide fiber based spectroscopic measurements.

Nicking endonucleases (NEs) are a small, poorly studied family of restriction endonucleases. The enzymes recognize a target sequence in DNA, but catalyze the hydrolysis of only one strand. The mechanism of their action is important to study because NEs with new specificities are necessary to design to solve the practical tasks of biotechnology. One of the modern approaches for investigation of protein-nucleic acid interactions is fluorescence spectroscopy, which involves the introduction of fluorophores into proteins, mainly through Cys residues due to the high reactivity of their thiol group. To implement this approach, it is necessary to clarify the role of Cys residues in the functioning of the native protein and the possible consequences of their modification. Crosslinking was used to study whether Cys residues are close to DNA in the complex with NE BspD6I. Reactions were carried out using the wild-type enzyme, its mutant form NE BspD6I(C11S/C160S), and modified DNA duplexes containing the 2-pyridyldisulfide group at the C2' atom of the sugar-phosphate moiety in different positions of the oligonucleotide strand. The Cys residues of NE BspD6I were for the first time shown to be in close proximity to DNA during the binding process, including the step of a nonspecific complex formation. The substitutions C11S and C160S in the N-terminal domain of the enzyme slightly decreased the efficiency of substrate hydrolysis. Construction of a cysteine-free NE BspD6I variant and examination of its properties will provide additional information about the functional significance of the Cys residues for this unique enzyme.

Extended periods of bed rest and limb immobilization are required for healing post-injury or disease, yet disuse can result in significant muscle atrophy and decreased quality of life in older adults. Physical rehabilitation is commonly prescribed to recover these deficits, yet accumulation of reactive oxygen species and sustained rates of protein degradation persist during the rehabilitation period that can significantly delay or prevent recovery. Pericytes, considered the primary mesenchymal and vascular stromal cell in skeletal muscle, secrete beneficial factors that maintain baseline muscle mass, yet minimal information exists regarding the pericyte response to disuse and recovery. In the current study, single-cell RNA sequencing and functional assays were performed to demonstrate that pericytes in mouse skeletal muscle lose the capacity to synthesize antioxidants during disuse and recovery. This information was used to guide the design of a strategy in which healthy donor pericytes were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H

Background: Gastric and colon tumors are often associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue, the significance of which is still not entirely clear. The recruitment of eosinophils into the tissues can be in part regulated by galectins ― galactose-binding proteins which are expressed by a variety of tissues and are capable of exerting a broad range of effects. Aims: To evaluate the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in tumor tissue, and gal-3 gene mRNA expression in blood eosinophils in patients with gastric and colon cancer with or without tissue eosinophilia. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 107 patients (84 males and 23 females, average age 60,9 6,8) with verified gastric cancer (52 persons) and colon cancer (55 persons), who underwent treatment or were registered at the dispensary at the regional medical institution Tomsk Regional Oncology Center (Tomsk, Russia). The control group consisted of 15 men and 11 women of comparable age. The materials of the research included samples of gastric and colon tumors obtained during surgery, and eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from whole blood by immunomagnetic separation. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in eosinophils was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples with Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons, and the Chi-square Pearson criterion with Yates correction. Results: In patients with gastric cancer and colon cancer, regardless of the presence of tissue eosinophilia, low expression of galectin-3 in the tumor tissue and high expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in peripheral blood eosinophils were found. Gastric and colon cancer patients with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue were characterized by low expression of galectin-1 within tumor cells (in 64.0% cases, 2 = 4.890, р = 0.029; and in 73.9% cases, 2 = 5.981, p = 0.031 respectively). There was a statistically significant connection between the level of galectin-1 expression by tumor cells and the presence of tissue eosinophilia both in gastric ( = 0.307) and colon cancer ( = 0.330). Conclusion: Low expression of galectin 1 and 3 by tumor cells in gastric and colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia indicates the lack of a significant effect of these proteins on the process of recruiting eosinophilic granulocytes into tumor tissue. Increased expression of galectin-3 in blood eosinophils in gastric and colon cancer is not associated with the presence of eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue.

Chronic use of opioids can produce opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), and when used to treat migraine, these drugs can result in increased pain and headache chronicity. We hypothesized that overlapping mechanisms between OIH and chronic migraine occur through neuropeptide dysregulation. Using label-free, non-biased liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and measure changes in more than 1500 neuropeptides under these two conditions, we observed only 16 neuropeptides that were altered between the two conditions. The known pro-migraine molecule, calcitonin-gene related peptide, was among seven peptides associated with chronic migraine, with several pain-processing neuropeptides among the nine other peptides affected in OIH. Further, composite peptide complements Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Secretogranin (SCG) showed significant changes in both chronic migraine and OIH. In a follow-up pharmacological study, we confirmed the role of PACAP in models of these two disorders, validating the effectiveness of our peptidomic approach, and identifying PACAP as a mechanistic link between chronic migraine and OIH. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013362.

В статье рассматривается значение географических карт, в том числе и топографических, важность картографического метода и его использование на уроках географии, а также значимость топографической грамотности в жизни школьника.

Despite substantial research on neuronal circuits in nudipleuran gastropods, few peptides have been implicated in nudipleuran behavior. In this study, we expanded the understanding of peptides in this clade, using three species with well-studied nervous systems, Hermissenda crassicornis, Melibe leonina, and Pleurobranchaea californica. For each species, we performed sequence homology analysis of de novo transcriptome predictions to identify homologs to 34 of 36 prohormones previously characterized in the gastropods Aplysia californica and Lymnaea stagnalis. We then used single-cell mass spectrometry to characterize peptide profiles in homologous feeding interneurons: the multifunctional ventral white cell (VWC) in P. californica and the small cardioactive peptide B large buccal (SLB) cells in H. crassicornis and M. leonina. The neurons produced overlapping, but not identical, peptide profiles. The H. crassicornis SLB cells expressed peptides from homologs to the FMRFamide (FMRFa), small cardioactive peptide (SCP), LFRFamide (LFRFa), and feeding circuit activating peptides prohormones. The M. leonina SLB cells expressed peptides from homologs to the FMRFa, SCP, LFRFa, and MIP-related peptides prohormones. The VWC, previously shown to express peptides from the FMRFa and QNFLa (a homolog of A. californica pedal peptide 4) prohormones, was shown to also contain SCP peptides. Thus, each neuron expressed peptides from the FMRFa and SCP families, the H. crassicornis and M. leonina SLB cells expressed peptides from the LFRFa family, and each neuron contained peptides from a prohormone not found in the others. These data suggest each neuron performs complex co-transmission, which potentially facilitates a multifunctional role in feeding. Additionally, the unique feeding characteristics of each species may relate, in part, to differences in the peptide profiles of these neurons. These data add chemical insight to enhance our understanding of the neuronal basis of behavior in nudipleurans and other gastropods.

There are more than 350 species of amphipods (Crustacea) in Lake Baikal, which have emerged predominantly through the course of endemic radiation. This group represents a remarkable model for studying various aspects of evolution, one of which is the evolution of mitochondrial (mt) genome architectures. We sequenced and assembled the mt genome of a pelagic Baikalian amphipod species Macrohectopus branickii. The mt genome is revealed to have an extraordinary length (42,256 bp), deviating significantly from the genomes of other amphipod species and the majority of animals. The mt genome of M. branickii has a unique gene order within amphipods, duplications of the four tRNA genes and Cox2, and a long non-coding region, that makes up about two thirds of the genome’s size. The extension of the mt genome was most likely caused by multiple duplications and inversions of regions harboring ribosomal RNA genes. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of mt genome length changes in amphipods and other animal phyla. Through a statistical analysis, we demonstrated that the variability in the mt genome length may be a characteristic of certain phyla and is primarily conferred by expansions of non-coding regions.

В статье затрагивается вопрос экологического воспитания в семье; рассмотрены основные задачи, которые необходимо достичь в ходе экологического воспитания, а также предложены способы и методы формирования у детей бережного отношения к природе.

В статье рассматривается проблема экологического воспитания в современных семьях; в связи с угрозой экологической катастрофы, особенно актуальным становится вклад каждого человека, наше осознанное, бережное отношение к природе; воспитание и формирование экологической культуры начинается в семье с самого раннего детства.

Determining chemical composition of substances remotely in real time is a current challenge. We address this issue by developing the fiber-optic sensors for mid-IR spectroscopy. In this paper, we take a glance at interaction of fiber modes with a liquid analyte through an accurate theoretical analysis based on wave optics concepts briefly described herein for a multidisciplinary audience. As an example, a multimode core-only chalcogenide fiber immersed into an aqueous acetone solution has been considered as a sensing element. The power decay length of the fiber mode along the fiber due to light absorption in the mid-IR at vibrational transitions of the analyte molecules has been shown to be determined by the penetration depth of the mode into the analyte and varies from nanometers to hundreds of meters for the modes, respectively, from the highest to the lowest order. A decisive parameter has been found that is the ratio of the sensing element length to the power decay length of a fiber mode. The highest sensitivity of the sensor is achieved when the ratio magnitude is approximately between 0.5 and 2. Light delivering in the higher-order modes having small power decay lengths allows for creating highly sensitive compact devices.

В статье затрагивается проблема внедрения информационных средств обучения и возможные угрозы здоровью школьников, появляющиеся вследствие технологизации в образования; рассматриваются факторы, наносящие вред детям при неограниченном использовании технических средств; предлагается использование здоровьесберегающих технологий, а также санитарно-гигиенических норм на уроках.

В статье перечислены основные причины деформации психологически комфортной обстановки участников образовательного процесса, а также выявлены способы их предотвращения и формирования безопасной среды в образовательных учреждениях.

Infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many cases is accompanied by the release of a large amount of proinflammatory cytokines in an event known as “cytokine storm”, which is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and high mortality. The excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines is linked, inter alia, to the enhanced activity of receptors capable of recognizing the conservative regions of pathogens and cell debris, namely TLRs, TREM-1 and TNFR1. Here we report that peptides derived from innate immunity protein Tag7 inhibit activation of TREM-1 and TNFR1 receptors during acute inflammation. Peptides from the N-terminal fragment of Tag7 bind only to TREM-1, while peptides from the C-terminal fragment interact solely with TNFR1. Selected peptides are capable of inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and in vivo in the mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Treatment with peptides significantly decreases the infiltration of mononuclear cells to lungs in animals with DAD. Our findings suggest that Tag7-derived peptides might be beneficial in terms of the therapy or prevention of acute lung injury, e.g., for treating COVID-19 patients with severe pulmonary lesions.

The search for and analysis of new ligands for innate immunity receptors are of special significance for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of immune response. Here we show that the major heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can bind to and activate TREM-1, the innate immunity receptor expressed on monocytes. The Hsp70–TREM-1 interaction activates expression of TNFα and IFNγ mRNAs in monocytes and stimulates IL-2 secretion by PBMCs. Moreover, incubation of PBMCs with Hsp70 leads to an appearance of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulations active against the MHC-negative tumor cells. In addition, both the CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes are necessary for the Hsp70 signal transduction and a consequent activation of the cytotoxic lymphocytes. We believe that data presented in this study will broaden the views on the involvement of Hsp70 in the antitumor immunity.

Clinical transplantation of human cadaveric islets is an important therapy for the treatment of T1D. Such transplantation has demonstrated safety and efficacy in academic and clinical trials. Quality control during all stages of islet isolation, handling, and transplantation is critical for success of the therapy. A variety of tests are used to assess cellular integrity, islet population purity, and potency. Unfortunately, most of applied tests are not evaluating individual pancreatic islet chemical compositions which are indicative of overall islets functional and health state. Here we describe the results of mass spectrometric (MS) assessment of populations of individual pancreatic islets received from seven donors including four T2D cases. Random sampling and MS analysis of 232 islet-like structures detected 150 islets (based on size, morphology, and visual inspection). Our findings correlate (R2=0.9) with data on sample purity for different batches provided by the ADI IsletCore. The classic pancreatic islet hormones are observed in the majority of islets. Peptide profiles are mostly dominated by insulin, although we observe a greater variability of insulin peaks than somatostatin- and glucagon-related signals by mass spectrometry. No significant differences in our results are observed between healthy and T2D-affected islets. Fast mass-spectrometry-based assessment allowed selection of representative individual islets for liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), which provides an in-depth chemical coverage. Using LC-MS, a number of histone-related peptides are detected significantly expanding analyte coverage. To increase the throughput of direct MS analysis of islets, we use our optically guided mass spectrometry approach to automate the localization and analysis of larger islet populations. Using this technology and MS detection, hundreds of islets can be profiled for presence of a variety of metabolites, lipids, and peptides during a several-hour timespan. Disclosure S. Rubakhin: None. E. V. Romanova: None. J. V. Sweedler: None. Funding American Diabetes Association/Pathway to Stop Diabetes (1-18-VSN-19 to J.V.S.)

Cleavers (Galium aparine L.) causes severe problems in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Four field experiments were performed at Kayakenstky and Stalskiy regions, southern Russia over two growing ...

Nicking endonucleases (NE) are a special group of the restriction endonucleases family. These unique enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of only one DNA strand in a predetermined position relative to the recognition site. In this review, we summarize the engineering methods for NE construction: inactivation of the catalytic center of restriction endonucleases, disruption of enzyme dimerization interface, or random mutagenesis of the genes оf restriction endonucleases. The main methods of NE application in biotechnology and gene engineering are described. NE-mediated amplification for the enhancement of analytical signal in the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules is characterized.

Relevance. Investigations of the thermal regime and development of effective ways of controlling it in underground structures of various purposes have received considerable attention in recent years. This is related not only to intensification of underground space development, but also to the variety of thermal conditions and the degree of influence of the temperature factor on the efficiency and safety of construction and operation of underground structures. As it is known from the mining practice in the North, the thawed rock mass, especially above the roof of the excavations, creates significant loads on the supports, sometimes exceeding permissible, which causes irreversible deformations, and sometimes leads to its collapse. Objects: galleries of the tourist complex «The Kingdom of Eternal Frost» located on the 5th km of the Vilyuisk tract of Yakutsk. The aim of the research is to develop the measures to ensure the required technical condition of the thermal regime complex and recommendations for securing underground mining workings providing safe conditions for tourists to stay. Methods: studies of the temperature regime, visual inspection of the mining slope and underground mine workings of the tourist complex, selection of the type of fastening for the required conditions, calculation of the fastening parameters. The paper introduces the results of the studies of the thermal regime of underground mine workings during winter operation period, the results of a visual survey of the mining slope and underground mine workings. The authors give recommendations to ensure the stability and anchoring of the zones for formation of underground mining excavations of the tourist complex «The Kingdom of Eternal Frost». The calculation of the temperature mode of the digital computer and the required power of the refrigerating machines was carried out using the MuseumCVM software package developed at the Laboratory of Mining Thermophysics of the Institute of Mining of the North named after N.V. Chersky. To reduce energy consumption for producing artificial cold in summer, it is recommended to hold annual refrigerated charge in autumn and spring.

On the basis of a new theoretical approach that is proposed for solving tasks of the evanescent wave mid-IR spectroscopy, it is shown that the dispersion properties of higher-order modes of a multimode chalcogenide optical fiber partly immersed into an absorbing medium can be used for the creation of fiber-optic devices combining the functions of a supercontinuum generator and a sensing element for mid-IR spectroscopic sensors. The propagation of radiation in higher-order modes makes it possible to control the position of zero dispersion of group velocity and to generate supercontinuum with near-IR pumping. Using higher-order evanescent modes in a sensing element, it will be possible to increase its sensitivity and expand the dynamic range.

Diketone DNA derivatives have been proposed to modify the guanidine group of Arg in proteins. The β-diketo group at the C2' atom of the sugar phosphate moiety has been introduced in DNA by acylation of oligonucleotide precursors, i.e., DNA fragments containing 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine, which have been synthesized by the chemical automatic synthesis. Water-soluble N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid have been used in the reaction. The ability of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing the 2'-β-diketo group to react with guanidine, Nα-Boc-L-arginine, and Nα-Dns-L-arginine has been demonstrated. The introduction of this modification into one of the strands of the 15-base pair DNA duplex has been shown to lead to its destabilization. The conjugate formation of MutS and MutL proteins from the E. coli mismatch repair system with 17-base pair DNA duplexes containing the 2'-deoxy-2'-(4,6-dioxoheptylamido)uridine residue has been detected for the first time. To increase the selectivity of the DNA ligands containing the β-diketo group in the reaction with the Arg residues of proteins, we have proposed to treat the reaction mixture with hydroxylamine. This treatment leads to the cleavage of Schiff bases, which are formed with the involvement of lysine residues.

A constructive proof is given that in each of the bases B′ = {x&y, x⊕y, x ∼ y}, B1 = {x&y, x⊕y, 1} any n-place Boolean function may be implemented: by an irredundant combinational circuit with n inputs and one output admitting (under single stuck-at faults at inputs and outputs of gates) a single fault detection test of length at most 16, by an irredundant combinational circuit with n inputs and one output admitting (under single stuck-at faults at inputs and outputs of gates and at primary inputs) a single fault detection test of length at most 2n−2log2 n+O(1); besides, there exists an n-place function that cannot be implemented by an irredundant circuit admitting a detecting test whose length is smaller than 2n−2log2 n − Ω(1), by an irredundant combinational circuit with n inputs and three outputs admitting (under single stuck-at faults at inputs and outputs of gates and at primary inputs) a single fault detection test of length at most 17.

Rates of molecular evolution in eight protein-coding mitochondrial genes from two parallellineages of Baikalian amphipods were compared to those in the representatives of gen. Gammarus. In sixgenes (Atp6, Cox2, Cox3, Nad1, Nad5, Nad6), there was a significant acceleration in the evolutionaryrate of Baikalian species over those from Gammarus group. Correlation of the absolute rate of basesubstitution accumulation and the acceleration was insignificant, that allowed us to propose mostlyadaptive reasons for the effect found.

Neuropeptides are a chemically diverse class of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, often in a cell-specific manner. While cell-to-cell differences in neuropeptides is expected, it is often unclear how exactly neuropeptide expression varies among neurons. Here we created a microscopy-guided, high-throughput single cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach to investigate the neuropeptide heterogeneity of individual neurons in the central nervous system of the neurobiological model Aplysia californica, the California sea hare. In all, we analyzed more than 26,000 neurons from 18 animals and assigned 866 peptides from 66 prohormones by mass matching against an in silico peptide library generated from known Aplysia prohormones retrieved from the UniProt database. Louvain-Jaccard (LJ) clustering of mass spectra from individual neurons revealed 40 unique neuronal populations, or LJ clusters, each with a distinct neuropeptide profile. Prohormones and their related peptides were generally found in single cells from ganglia consistent with the prohormones' previously known ganglion localizations. Several LJ clusters also revealed the cellular colocalization of behaviorally related prohormones, such as an LJ cluster exhibiting achatin and neuropeptide Y, which are involved in feeding, and another cluster characterized by urotensin II, small cardiac peptide, sensorin A, and FRFa, which have shown activity in the feeding network or are present in the feeding musculature. This mass spectrometry-based approach enables the robust categorization of large cell populations based on single cell neuropeptide content and is readily adaptable to the study of a range of animals and tissue types.

В статье представлен анализ проблем интеграции детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в общеобразовательные учреждения, с которыми им приходится сталкиваться в процессе их социализации и обучения в новых условиях, и намечены основные положения успешной коррекционно-педагогической работы., This article presents an analysis of the problem of integration of children with disabilities in general education institutions, which they have to face in the process of their socialization and learning in new conditions, and outlines the main provisions of successful correctional and pedagogical work.

В статье описаны возможности использования знаково-символических средств у школьников с задержкой психического развития в процессе их обучения в общеобразовательной школе и показаны возможные приёмы в направлении развития их способностей в умении осуществлять учебные действия с данными средствами.

В статье представлены материалы исследования дошкольников со зрительной депривацией, раскрываются вопросы специфики межличностного взаимодействия и общения детей дошкольного возраста со зрительными нарушениями со взрослыми и советниками.

В статье говорится об инклюзивном образовании в России, о трудностях, с которыми приходится сталкиваться людям с ограниченными возможностями здоровья независимо от пола, возраста, этнической или расовой принадлежности, о трудностях их социализации и её последствиях, а также о важности данной системы образования для самого общества в целом.

В статье представлен анализ проблемы особенностей внедрения и организации инклюзивного образования в современных школах, приведены данные опроса учащихся, родителей и учителей на предмет возможного совместного обучения с детьми с ограниченными возможностями здоровья.

The article analyzes the development of concept “engineering” and substantiates its role as an innovative coordinating method for the further development of automation systems to control the functioning processes of enterprises and organizations. A brief analysis of the development of the notion “engineering” is carried out from the initial one as a basis for a single process of design and production to “consultative engineering” on separate its functions. The authors emphasize to restore the original meaning of the “engineering” concept as a field of intellectual activity in the application of the science and technology achievements for solving specific production problems also managing an enterprise and society. The proposed concept involves combining a scientific base of innovation and an engineering approach based on empirical experience in realizing of the multi-level system of design and technical support of the innovation implementation process. To substantiate the concept, we use the concept of open systems with active elements, based on the works of L. Bertalanffy, and the concept by E. Bauer on the fundamental non-equilibrium of an open system and the features of the living cell functioning. Recommendations are proposed for the development of organizational forms for the implementation of automated information support for innovative technology for the development of an automation system for managing the processes of functioning enterprises and any organizations.

Spherical microresonators have been used to measure small concentrations of ammonia vapors. By tracking the shift of a whispering gallery mode (WGM) frequency, we can detect small changes of the refractive index of the medium in which the WGM electric field is confined. These changes are correlated to the chemical content of the medium. When a porous layer of silica (SiO2) is coated onto a silica sphere surface, molecules of the gas analyte can diffuse into the layer and interact with the WGM electric field thus increasing the sensitivity of analyte detection. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon and demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the sensitivity of the WGM sensors for ammonia gas detection can be significantly increased by varying the thickness of the porous coating.

В работе рассматривается проблема агрессивного поведения подростков, воспитывающихся в семьях, находящихся на стадии развода; проанализированы ключевые подходы к понятию «агрессия», показано негативное влияние развода родителей на проявление агрессивного поведения подростков; дана психологическая характеристика детей, переживающих развод родителей; предложены основные направления работы с детьми, имеющими повышенный уровень агрессии., This paper deals with the problem of aggressive behavior of adolescents raised in families that are at the stage of divorce; analyzes the key approaches to the concept of «aggression», shows the negative impact of parental divorce on the manifestation of aggressive behavior of adolescents; gives a psychological characteristic of children experiencing parental divorce; suggests the main directions of work with children with an increased level of aggression.

Проблема психологической безопасности личности рассматривается в контексте психологии безопасности и свойств личности, обеспечивающих психологическую безопасность. Авторами выделяется свойство устойчивости личности к негативному психологическому воздействию, рассматриваются условия ее формирования в ситуациях психологической опасности и психологической незащищенности для личности., The problem of psychological security of an individual is considered in the context of the psychology of security and personality properties that provide psychological security. The property of a person's resistance to negative psychological impact is highligthed, the conditions of its formation in situations of psychological danger and situations of psychological insecurity for a person are considered.

Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме психологической безопасности в цифровой среде образовательной организации. Работа раскрывает содержание понятия «психологическая безопасность». Автор дает обобщенную характеристику понятия «психологическая безопасность», выделяет и описывает характерные особенности феномена. В статье излагаются взгляды на уровень психологической безопасности в современной цифровой образовательной среде. Данная проблема мало изучена и требует дальнейших исследований., The article is devoted to the current problem of psychological security in the digital environment of educational institution. The article reveals the content of the concept of “psychological security”. The author gives a generalized characteristic of the concept of “psychological security”, identifies and describes the characteristic features of the phenomenon. The article presents views on the level of psychological security in the modern digital educational environment. This problem has been insufficiently studied and requires further research.

Studies on the mechanisms of activation of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulations are an important research direction in modern immunology. This study provides a detailed analysis of the effect of Tag7 (PGRP-S, PGLYRP1) on the development of lymphocyte subpopulations cytotoxic against MHC-negative tumor cells in a pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results show that Tag7 can bind to the TREM-1 receptor on the surfaces of monocytes, thereby triggering the expression of mRNA TNF&alpha, and IFN&gamma, The appearance of these cytokines in conditioned medium leads to IL-2 cytokine secretion by CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes. In turn, IL-2 facilitates unspecific activation of three cytotoxic cell subpopulations in the PBMC pool: NK (CD16+CD56+), CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+. These subpopulations appear after a certain period of incubation with Tag7 and show toxicity against tumor cells.