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The pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance estimations for fifteen shale rock tests and additionally, geochemical burial history, and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry parameters were talked about to explore the hydrocarbon generation and maturation level and time, type of hydrocarbon produced of rock units of Safir-1x well. The results assign that the Bahariya Formation is poor to great source rock to create oil and gas, with a lower thermal maturation degree than the Khatatba and Alam El Bueib formation. Alam El Bueib is viewed as good to excellent source rock for oil and gas age, having marginally high level of thermal maturation at oil window at around 40 million years. Khatatba formation achieved the oil and gas generation window at about 80 and 50 million years separately and considered excellent source rock. The molecular gas chromatography and mass spectrometry parameters demonstrated that the extracts of source rocks reflected that the Bahariya and Alam El Bueib extracts have a mixed sources formed under transitional conditions at low grad of thermal maturation. Khatatba source rock extracts originated from marine sources formed under reducing conditions at high grade of maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-thrust rocket motors, with proper designs, can yield the desired boost-sustain thrust profiles for a variety of applications. Of the various designs that a dual-thrust rocket motor can have, the one with an intermediate nozzle provides a high boost-to-sustain thrust ratio as well as a stable operation. Depending on the internal conditions, the flow through the intermediate nozzle in the boost phase can be sonic, subsonic, or initially reversed. The present paper discusses the operation and performance of Dual-thrust rocket motors with subsonic intermediate nozzle. A mathematical model describing the internal ballistics of these dual-thrust rocket motors is derived from the basic governing equation. In addition, a set of experiments is conducted using a developed test motor to explore the physics of dualthrust rocket motors with subsonic intermediate nozzle and assess the mathematical model validity. Results of the theoretical and experimental investigations explain most of the internal ballistics characteristics that were not discussed before in the open literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the geochemical analyses of API gravities, vanadium, nickel, sulfur, and bulk composition were performed on eight samples from productive wells in Gindi, South Deep Abu-gharadig, Abu-gharadig, Dahab-Merier, and Faghure basins locates in the North Western Desert. The results were used to describe the source organic matter input, depositional environment, assess the degree of thermal maturity, and to correlate between crude oils to determine the genetic relationship between hydrocarbon generation and their source rock for the studied oil samples. The results showed that a wide range of crude oil parameters exists in this data, indicating that a variety of oil types is represented. Crude oils range from unaltered to altered by vanadium, nickel, and sulfur concentrations, V/Ni and saturate fraction were used to classify the oils. Oils are classified into two groups. Group I contains oil samples from Gindi, South deep Abu-gharadig and Abu-gharadig, and Dahab-Merier that are generated from organic matter input deposited in marine environment under anoxic to suboxic conditions. Group II from Faghur basin possess high Pr/Ph ratios suggesting high contribution of terreginous organic matter deposited under relatively oxic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geochemical analyses of Specific gravity (API), sulfur content, nickel and vanadium, porphyrins, bulk compositions, and saturated fraction obtained from gas chromatography have been studied with the aim of throwing more light on the geochemical aspects of the crude oil formation, migration, and maturation. Seven samples were collected from Sudr, October, GS-283, Belayim land, Belayim marine, Kareem, and July oilfields in the Gulf of Suez. These samples are representative for the producing horizon zones of Rudeis and Nuhkul formations of Middle-Lower Miocene age ranging in depths from 1344 to 3558 m. The studied crude oils are classified into heavy and/or intermediate oils. The crude oils have high concentrations of nickel and vanadium contents. Vanadyl porphyrins indicate mature to moderately mature oils. A gross composition reveals marine organic sources. The n-alkanes and isoprenoids in crude oils are derived from marine organic matter, deposited under anoxic/hypersaline to oxic or carbonate environments associated with evaporate and carbonate depositional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The semienclosed Suez Gulf records various signals of high anthropic pressures from surrounding regions and the industrialized Suez countries. The sedimentary hydrocarbons have been studied in six coastal stations located in the Gulf of Suez. Nonaromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS to assess organic content in surface sediments of Suez Gulf, Egypt, depending on alkane, terpane, and sterane biological marker indicators. The results showed that the hydrocarbons are originated frommultiple terrestrial inputs, biogenic and pyrolytic. Several ratios hydrocarbons indicated the predominance of petrogenic in combination with biogenic hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]