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Physical exercise is becoming more prevalent in today’s lifestyle and makes physically fit, and promotes different types of development or skills. Athletes rely on sports nutrition supplements: ergogenic and dietary supplements; these supplements fulfill the nutritional requirements, save time and achieve health goals. Many athletes don't have sufficient knowledge related to the safety of using ergogenic supplements. There are various ergogenic supplements used by athletes but excess of these supplements has been linked to major health problems. Dietary supplements are more nutritious and safer than ergogenic supplements. They are not a prescription medicine and to cure illnesses of the athletes.

At Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP (India), a field experimentation was undertaken in zaid 2021. The experimental plot's soil texture was sandy loam. At the same time pH, low organic carbon, available N, available P and available K were (7.4), (0.32%), (188.3 kg/ha), (34.5 kg/ha) and (87.5 kg/ha) respectively. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatments and three replica. The results showed that treatment 5 with application of 20kg/ha Sulphur as Gypsum + 20kg/ha Sulphur as Single Super Phosphate + 25kg/ha FeSO4 as basal dose application was recorded maximum no. of pods per plant (36.07), no. of seeds per pod (12.07), test weight (37.03 g), seed yield (1421.00 kg/ha), stover yield (3306.00 kg/ha), harvest index (30.06%), gross return (1,31,196.00 INR/ha), net return (87,806.00 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.02) as compared to other treatments.

Xylitol is pentahydroxy sugar alcohol, existing in very trace amount in fruits and vegetables, and finds varied application in industries like food, pharmaceuticals, confectionaries, etc. and is of prime importance to health. Owing to its trace occurrence in nature and considerable increase in market demand that exceeds availability, alternate production through biotechnological and chemical approach is in process. Biochemical production involves substrates like lignocellulosic biomasses and industrial effluents and is an eco-friendly process with high dependency on physico-chemical parameters. Although the chemical processes are faster, high yielding and economical, they have a great limitation as usage of toxic chemicals and thus need to be regulated and replaced by an environment friendly approach. Microbes play a major role in xylitol production through a biotechnological process towards the development of a sustainable system. Major microbes working on assimilation of xylose for production of xylitol include Candida tropicalis, Candida maltose, Bacillus subtilis, Debaromyces hansenii, etc. The present review reports all probable microbial xylitol production biochemical pathways encompassing diverse bioprocesses involved in uptake and conversion of xylose sugars from agricultural residues and industrial effluents. A comprehensive report on xylitol occurrence and biotechnological production processes with varied substrates has been encompassed. KEY POINTS: • Xylitol from agro-industrial waste • Microbial xylose assimilation.

Objective: Nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of all ratios of gluten free composite flour-based Vermicelli was evaluated in this study. The blend of proso millet flour (PF), adzuki bean flour (AF) and basil seeds flour (BF) was used in composite flour. Methods: The variations of three composite flours were prepared as, A being (PF: AF: BF=50:45:5), B being (PF: AF: BF=60:35:5) and C being (PF: AF: BF=70:25:5), respectively. The macronutrients like moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein and carbohydrate were assessed in this study. Minerals such as calcium, iron, phosphorus and zinc were analyzed in micronutrients. Results: The result of macronutrient and micronutrient of a ratio were moisture (5.2±0.1), ash (2.1±0.2), protein (13.0±0.0), fat (1.6±0.0), fiber (3.0±0.0) and carbohydrate (60.0±0.2g/100g) respectively. Calcium (150.0±0.3), iron (3.5±0.1), zinc (2.0±0.3) and phosphorus (250.6±0.6 mg/100g) were also there in gluten-free Pasta. The current study revealed that various macro and micronutrients were present in gluten-free Vermicelli. In the prepared products, flavonoids, saponins, tannin, glycocides, alkaloids and steroids are the few phytochemicals present. The study results also show that gluten-free Vermicelli has good antioxidant activity. In the A ratio, overall, all nutrients are found. It was found by the sensory evaluation Vermicelli on a 9 point hedonic scale that A ratio was more acceptable than the B and C ratio. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be useful for celiac diseases as well as patients suffering from diseases like hypertension, anemia and diabetes.

The Aurora-kinase family comprises of cell cycle-regulated serine/threonine kinases playing a vital role during mitosis. Aurora-A kinase is involved in multiple mitotic events in cell cycle and is a major regulator of centrosome function during mitosis. Aurora-A is overexpressed in breast, lung, colon, ovarian, glial, and pancreatic cancer. Hence, Aurora-A kinase is a promising target in cancer therapy. In our current study, a four-point 3D QSAR pharmacophore model has been generated using substituted pyrimidine class of Aurora-A kinase inhibitors. It had a fixed cost value 88.7429. The model mapped well to the external test set comprising of clinically active molecules, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.99. From the mapping, it was found that the hydrophobic features (HY) of a molecule play an important role for Aurora-A kinase inhibitory activity, whereas the ring aromatic feature provides geometric constraint for spatial alignment of different functional group. The hypothesis, with one hydrogen bond acceptor, two ring aromatic features, and one hydrophobic feature, was selected to screen miniMaybridge database. The screened ligands were filtered on the basis of activity, shape, and drug likeliness. This led to the identification of five top hits. These identified potential leads were further subjected to docking with the ATP-binding site of Aurora-A kinase. The molecular dynamic simulation studies of top lead molecules having diverse scaffolds endorsed that the identified molecules had distinctive ability to inhibit Aurora-A kinase. Thus, this study may facilitate the medicinal chemists to design promising ligands with various scaffolds to inhibit Aurora-A kinase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Early Tooth loss in humans caused by caries and dental trauma has a serious impact on their oral health-related quality of life. Different approaches such as removable dentures, fixed prosthesis, tooth autotransplantation, allotransplantation & dental implants have been in practice to restore the lost tooth structure, but none of them is completely successful as they present with problems with biocompatibility, inflammatory changes, and failures thus making the problem further more complex. Hence, the development of new methods of tooth replacement has become important. Stem cell-based tissue engineering which can recapitulate the in vivo environment has shown that dental, non-dental, embryonic, and adult stem cells can contribute to teeth formation under favorable circumstances. The concept of ‘Bioroot’ with supporting evidence that stem cell populations may be present in human teeth provides the opportunity to consider biological tooth replacement. This article enlightens the concept of stem cell-mediated bio root regeneration and their literature evidence and the significance of bio root formation as a potent tooth replacement tool in the future.&nbsp

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Ferroelectric domain boundaries are quasi-two-dimensional functional interfaces with high prospects for nanoelectronic applications. Despite their reduced dimensionality, they can exhibit complex non-Ising polarization configurations and unexpected physical properties. Here, the impact of the three-dimensional (3D) curvature on the polarization profile of nominally uncharged 180{\deg} domain walls in LiNbO3 is studied using second-harmonic generation microscopy and 3D polarimetry analysis. Correlations between the domain wall curvature and the variation of its internal polarization unfold in the form of modulations of the N\'eel-like character, which we attribute to the flexoelectric effect. While the N\'eel-like character originates mainly from the tilting of the domain wall, the internal polarization adjusts its orientation due to the synergetic upshot of dipolar and monopolar bound charges and their variation with the 3D curvature. Our results show that curved interfaces in solid crystals may offer a rich playground for tailoring nanoscale polar states., Comment: 35 pages, 4 figures and Supporting Information

Rubus ulmifolius Schott, commonly known as blackberry, has been widely used as a food source as well as in jams, juices, etc. for its purported medical benefits. It has also been extensively investigated for its nutritional and bioactive constituents, which might be responsible for these benefits. In general, the plant is rich in carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals. The primary carbohydrates are glucose and sucrose; while ascorbic acid has been reported to be the primary vitamin, contributing to the acidic nature of the fruits. The bioactive compounds identified in the various plant parts include polyphenols such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins and other chemicals in lesser amounts. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various parts of the plant have been investigated. The antioxidant effect has been attributed both to the presence of ascorbic acid as well as the other polyphenolic compounds. An antimicrobial activity has also been reported against the common human pathogens. This review summarizes the prevailing literature on the nutritional and bioactive composition of the plant and the evidence for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes the prevailing literature on the nutritional and bioactive composition of the plant and the evidence for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Resistance against ivermectin in India has been detected solely implementing in vivo tests and there is no published report of resistance employing in vitro methods. The present study was carried out to study ivermectin resistance in H. contortus of small ruminants by two in vitro tests and to determine their efficacy in effectively detecting ivermectin resistance in the field isolates. The present study was carried out in the small ruminant farms of the western region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Faecal samples with high egg per gram of faeces for H. contortus were selected. Two in vitro tests namely Micro agar larval development test and larval development assay were performed for assessing ivermectin resistance in field isolates of H. contortus by subjecting the eggs to different concentrations of ivermectin aglycone. The results of the two in vitro tests implicated towards the susceptibility of H. contortus isolates in the area under study. The standard deviations of the two tests was compared and was found to be statistically non-significant. It can be said that both in vitro tests are reliable for detecting resistance against different anthelmintics including ivermectin.

BACKGROUND: Post operative sore throat (POST) is an unpleasant and troublesome sequelae after endotracheal intubation . The present study compares the efcacy of dexamethasone gargle versus magnesium sulphate gargle on incidence and severity of post operative sore throat in patients under General Anaesthesia. METHODS : 60 patients were randomly allocated to receive either magnesium sulphate gargle or dexamethasone gargle . 15 mins prior to induction of GA , the dexamethasone gargle group (n=30) received 8mg dexamethasone dissolved in 20ml of 5% dextrose whereas the magnesium sulphate gargle group received 1 gm of MgSO4 dissolved in 20ml of 5% of dextrose. Patients were assessed for incidence and severity of post operative sore throat , cough and hoarseness of voice in post anaesthesia care unit at 0hr, 2hrs, 4hrs, 6hrs and 24 hrs . RESULTS : Our study revealed that there was signicant (p

The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season 2019 at Prayagraj to study the Effect of row-spacing and weed management practices on yield and economics of Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata). The experiment comprised of 2 factors and 10 treatments viz. Row spacings (40 cm and 50 cm) and weed management practices (Weedy check, Weed free check, Atrazine a.i @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE fb Hand weeding at 20 DAS, Tembotrione a.i @ 120 g/ha PoE and Atrazine a.i @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE fb Tembotrione a.i @ 120 g/ha PoE. Results revealed that application of 50 cm + Weed free check gave maximum no. of cobs/plant (1.28), no. of grains/cob (819.67). Whereas the maximum green cob yield (10.51 t/ha) was obtained with the application of 40 cm + Weed free check. Stover yield (21.33 t/ha) was maximum with the application of 40 cm + Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE fb hand weeding at 20 DAS. Highest Weed control efficiency (98.63%) was observed with 40 cm + Weed free check followed by Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE + Tembotrione a.i. @ 120 g/ha PoE (91.63%) and Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE fb by Hand weeding at 20 DAS (85.12%).Whereas lowest Weed index was observed with 40 cm + Weed free check (0%), followed by 40 cm + Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE followed by Hand weeding at 20 DAS (3.50%) and Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha PRE + Tembotrione a.i. @ 120 g/ha PoE (10.15%). Maximum gross returns (142906.5 Rs /ha) obtained with the application of 40 cm + Weed free check, maximum net returns (93211.34 Rs/ha) were obtained with the application of Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha followed by Hand weeding at 20 DAS and Maximum B: C ratio (1.90) was recorded with application of Atrazine a.i. @ 1.0 kg/ha followed by Hand weeding at 20 DAS.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), especially poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is considered as the most suitable candidate to replace petrochemical plastics. However, the high production cost and the composition of the monomers in the copolymer are the major constraints in production. The 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) rich copolymers are ideal for various applications due to their lower melting points, improved elasticity, and ductility. Haloferax mediterranei is a suitable microorganism for the production of biopolymer PHBV from biowaste. Nevertheless, the potential of H. mediterranei cultivated on food waste as sustainable substrate and levulinic acid as an inducer has not been explored for PHBV production. This study aims at the valorization of food waste as low-cost substrate and evaluation of effect of levulinic acid in the production and composition of PHBV using H. mediterranei. Shake-flask fermentations using different concentrations of salt, glucose and levulinic acid were first performed to optimize the cultivation conditions. The highest growth of the halophile was observed at salt concentration of 15% and glucose of concentration 10 g/L. Under optimized growth conditions, H. mediterranei was cultivated for PHBV production in fed-batch bioreactor with pulse fed levulinic acid. The maximum biomass of 3.19 ± 0.66 g/L was achieved after 140 h of cultivation with 3 g/L of levulinic acid. A decrease in H. mediterranei growth was noticed with the increase in levulinic acid concentration in the range of 3-10 g/L. The overall yield of PHBV at 3, 5, 7 and 10 g/L of levulinic acid were 18.23%, 56.70%, 31.54%, 21.29%, respectively. The optimum concentration of 5 g/L of levulinic acid was found to produce the maximum yield of 56.70% PHBV with 18.55 mol% 3HV content. A correlation between levulinic acid concentrations and PHBV production established in this study can serve as an important reference for future large-scale production.

Gluten free composite flour based chips was evaluated in this study for their nutritional, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of all ratios. The composite flour is made up of the mix of proso millet flour (PF), adzuki bean flour (AF) and basil seeds flour (BF). The composite flour is prepared in three ratios that are, A being (PF:AF:BF=50:45:5), B being (PF:AF:BF=60:35:5) and C being (PF:AF:BF=70:25:5) respectively. The macronutrients such as moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein and carbohydrate were analyzed along with the assessment of micronutrients calcium, iron, phosphorus and zinc. The result of macronutrient and micronutrient of C ratio were moisture (6.21±0.2), ash (3.9±0.0), protein (12.0±0.0), fat (9.0±0.0), fiber (4.2±0.1) and carbohydrate (69.5±0.1g/100g) respectively.

Carbon capture technologies have advanced in recent years to meet the ever-increasing quest to minimize excessive anthropogenic CO

Background: Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP), a derivative of para-aminobenzoic acid, which is a freely soluble drug, gets rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is used in the management of gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric stasis, gastroesophageal reflux and for the prevention of cancer chemotherapy induced emesis. Several brands of MCP are available in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of different marketed products of MCP tablets 10mg, which were purchased from the retail pharmacy outlets in Abha, Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with a view to determine their interchangeability in clinical practice. Methods: The study was carried out on branded tablets by quality control tests such as weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution. The results of all marketed products complied with the official specifications. Results: The results showed that all the parameters for MCP tablets were in accordance with the USP limits. All the tested four brands were bioequivalent and complying with the official tests for weight variation, friability, disintegration and dissolution tests. The percent friability was also within the specified limit. Moreover, all formulations disintegrated within 2-6 min. The percentage content of the active ingredient of four brands of MCP tablets showed values within the monograph specifications (95-105%). Conclusion: All the four brands evaluated in the present work could be considered bio pharmaceutically equivalent and therefore, patients can safely switch from one brand to another when there is the unavailability of a particular brand.

The present work concentrate on the improvement in physico-chemical, and tribological properties of used engine oil using graphene nanoparticles. The used engine oil (15W40) has been collected from heavy earth moving machines (HEMM) of coal mines. The graphene nanoparticles have been used for the preparation of nanolubricants and the properties are compared with unused oil. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity index (VI) and density have been measured to examine the physico-chemical properties of nanolubricants and observe the improvements. The stable chemical structure of nanolubricants has been found with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The performance of nanolubricant has been found by measuring wear and friction coefficient between grey cast iron contacts and observed the significant reduction in wear and friction compared to used oil. The same has been validated by measuring the wear scar with the help of optical microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The life of the used oil has been enhanced with the addition of nanoparticles.

Neurodegenerative disorders present with progressive and irreversible degeneration of the neurons. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders affecting 50 million people worldwide (2017), expected to be doubled every 20 years. Primarily affected by age, AD is the cause for old-age dementia, progressive memory loss, dysfunctional thoughts, confusion, cognitive impairment and personality changes. Neuroglia formerly understood as "glue" of the brain neurons consists of macroglia (astrocytes and oligodendrocyte), microglia and progenitors NG2-glia, and constitute a large fraction of the mammalian brain. The primary functions of glial cells are to provide neurons with metabolic and structural support in the healthy brain; however, they attain a "reactive" state from the "resting" state upon challenged with a pathological insult such as a neurodegenerative cascade. Failure or defects in their homoeostatic functions (i.e. concentration of ions, neurotransmitters) ultimately jeopardize neurons with excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Moreover, the most common clinical outcome of AD is the cognitive impairment and memory loss, which are attributed mainly by the accumulation of Aβ. Failure of glial cells to remove the Aβ toxic proteins accelerates the AD progression. The rapidly emerging proteomic techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), cross-linking mass spectrometry, hydrogen deuterium trade mass spectrometry, protein foot printing and 2-DGE combined with LC-MS/MS present wide array of possibilities for the identification of differentially expressed proteins in AD.

City development plans i.e. master plans and planning strategies are conventional tools which has been historically used for city planning. However it is realized that the process of implementation has been neglected vis-à-vis formulation. This research emphasis on the significant gap between implementation of city Development plan and its integration with Advance Technological tools and engineering processes. The paper looks into key indications from past documentation and studies on implementation strategies and intervention of technological tools with respect to issues of city development plans. The review of collection of 131articles represents a valuable research contribution and development in the related field. Constructed on these findings, three research areas of potential interests are identified. This paper puts forth research based findings on execution methodology with integration of technological tools like GIS, MIS, APS and strategies for effective implementation than to formulating which is missing in city development planning over a period