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Sierka E., Cybulski M. (2010). Jakość kształcenia z zakresu zarządzania środowiskowego - ocena metodą Auditu. [In:] Ochrona środowiska w programach studiów przyrodniczych (ed. Gabryś B., Gabryś G.), Zielona Góra, 37-44.

Thee objective of the study is to give a detailed characteristics of habitat requirements of Carex brizoides in woodlands in the Silesian Upland. ! e investigations were carried out in forest phytocoenoses, which were chosen according to the presence of C. brizoides. In patches of forest communities with C. brizoides measurements of slope aspect and inclination and light conditions were taken. Moreover, soil samples from the rhizosphere of sedge were collected and litter depth was measured. The results were presented on ecodiagrams, and on their basis, it was attempted to determine ecological optima of the species studied. The obtained results were compared with values of ecological indicators after Zarzyckiet al. (2002) and Ellenberget al. (1992), commonly used in indirect estimation of habitat conditions. Based on 344 soil samples taken from 172 sites with C. brizoides, it was revealed that the sedge most frequently occurred in phytocoenoses with litter depth 2–4 cm, three cover 60–80% and pH (KCl) between 4.4 and 5.0. It was evidenced that our results are considerably diF erent from ecological optima given by Zarzycki and Ellenberg. ! ese diF erences resulted probably from local character of the presented studies and anthropogenic origin of phytocoenoses analyzed. ! e results indicated that phytoindicative importance of C. brizoides is limited.

Pierzchała Ł., Sierka E. (2009). Influence of reclamation type of subsidence reservoirs on vegetation differentiation in surrounding area. 13th Conference on Environment and Mineral Processing, Ostrava.

Warzecha M., Sierka E. (2009). Walory przyrodnicze miasta Orzesza i ich zagrożenia. [In:] Problemy ekologii 2, 93-96.

SOURCE-WORK-ID:5e71093a46e0fb0001b9da9c

Sierka E. (2008). "Partyzancki atak" na śląskie lasy - przyczyny i skutki masowego występowania turzycy drążczkowatej. Biuletyn Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska 52.

In the area of the Moravian Gate at Stramberk (Moravia, Czech Republic) detailed field investigations of Thysanoptera were conducted. The Gate offers the possibility of dispersal of thrips species from the South to the North and vice versa. A total of 359 samples were collected, from which 2367 adult specimens of Thysanoptera belonging to 55 species were obtained. Between them are species having their main distribution in the Southern parts of Europe, such as Aptinothrips elegans, Anaphothrips atroapterus, A. euphorbiae, Chirothrips aculeatus, Limothrips consimilis, Neohydatothrips abnormis, Rubiothrips pillichi, R. validus and Theilopedothrips pilosus .Additionally species were found that are absent or dispersed in Southern Europe, such as Aptinothrips stylifer, Chirothrips hamatus, Odontothrips loti and Platythrips tunicatus . In ancient times these species may have used the Moravian Gate, which has been passed by large armies and many traders (the amber route), carrying all kinds of plant products with...

In the present article, data enclosed in archival management plans of nature reserves in Poland were analyzed. We attempted to assess the quality of these plans for recognition changes in vegetation and tree stands that have been protected for 30-40 years. We used management plans of three reserves protecting the most natural forest fragments in Polish Beskidy Mts.: "Oszast", "Pod Rysianką" in Beskid Żywiecki Mts. and "Szeroka" in Beskid Mały Mts. The results indicate that data inserted in analyzed plans are of low value for studies on changes in flora, vegetation and tree stands. Insufficient information on methods of tree stand measurements, low precision of stand measurements and very small vegetation samples collected are the main drawbacks of the considered materials.

W artykule zawarto informacje o aktualnie obowiązujących dokumentach, traktujacych o audytach środowiskowych (rozporządzenie EMAS, normy grupy ISO oraz Projekt Polskich Zasad, Kryteriów i Wskaźników Dobrej Gospodarki Leśnej). Przybliżono zasady Przejściowych Standardów SmartWood dla Polski wersja 3.0., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zasad mówiących o zachowaniu ekologicznych funkcji lasów. Zaprezentowano listę proponowanych biologicznych wskaźników oceny stanu środowiska przyrodniczego, które mogą służyć monitorowaniu przemian zachodzących w różnych typach zbiorowisk leśnych w oparciu o zasady Polskich Standardów Dobrej Gospodarki Leśnej. Na zakończenie przedstawiono wybrane wyniki uproszczonych audytów środowiskowych, przeprowadzonych w latach 2004-2006 przez studentów studiów kierunku Ochrony Środowiska Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach na terenie rezerwatu Las Murckowski.

Phytosociological records from three different woodlands, each with oak–hornbeam stands (Tilio–Carpinetum), were analyzed in terms of the presence/absence of two harmful species, alien Impatiens parviflora and native Carex brizoides. Records from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest (northeastern Poland) represented old-growth forest, and others from the Silesian Upland (southeastern Poland) represented managed forest and invaded forest. The three sets of records were compared in terms of stand structure, Ellenberg indicator scores, and the shares of various plant functional types. Vegetation analyses also included species richness scores, Shannon–Wiener indices, and DCA and CCA ordination with the cover of the two species as variables. There were fewer differences between managed and old-growth forest than between managed and invaded forest. Invaded forest was characterized by low species richness, higher frequency of hemerophilous species, lower frequency of myrmecochores, and higher light availability and temperature. It was concluded that, of the two invasive species, C. brizoides is a better indicator of human-induced disturbance. Both cover and binary data explained changes in floristic composition in the presence of this species. Invasion by both species was favored by forest management practices. Their presence led to further species impoverishment, and harmed the quality of the forest floor habitat.

SOURCE-WORK-ID:5e70ff0c46e0fb0001b5881c

In the present paper the results of comparative phytosociological studies were shown which aimed at indication and evaluation of changes in structure and species composition of forest phytocoenoses (Leucobryo-Pinteum; Querco roboris-Pinetum) for the protection of valuable mire ecosystems in bog-forest reserve "Dolina Żabnika" in the Silesian Upland. The following intensified harmful changes in forest communities, mainly due to forest management, were observed: impoverishment of tree stand (Fig. 2-4) and sod formation built by grass species in herb layer (Fig. 4). The main threat to valuable plant communities, occurring in the valley by wide ecological amplitude and easily penetrating phytocoenoses being under protection in sites disturbed by human activity.

The industry sites regardless of any reclamation are subject to natural processes (succession). It is the result of ecology in its basic meaning - the interrelationships between living organisms and their immediate habitat (industrial wasteland). The biological diversity (number of species, and number of plat assemblages and communities) reflects the microdiversity of specific habitat. Plant communities representing varied ecological and phytosociological groups were investigated during the long-term fieldwork. The multivariate conditions at the restoration sites are the obvious but unfortunately very complex factor of wasteland reclamation. The objective of the article is to present the diversity of spontaneously created plan assemblages and communities and assemblages on coal mine sedimentation pools and sand-pit open casts. All recorded plant communities and assemblages represent 13 phytosociological classes. 67 communities and assemblages recorede on sedimentation pools and analysed according to the moisture conditions, structural complexity, frequency, area covered, and dynamics status.

Chmura D., Sierka E. (2005). Niecierpek drobnokwiatowy. Mongolski najeźdźca. Przyroda Górnego Śląska 41, 13.

The nature reserve "Rotuz" is situated in the Vallet of Upper Vistula in the area of the Oświęcim Valley. The floristic rarity of the nature reserve is mud sedge Carex limosa - endangered species in Upper Silesia, included in Polish Red Book of Plants. Protected transitional moor and higmoor in the nature reserve, located at the watershed, is characterized by a strong connection with areas covered by marshy and humid confireous forests. The main goal of extension of nature reserve "Rotuz" is protection of peatmoor withe the neighbourhood which is composed as natural processes forming its natural environment and also limitation of problems associated with forest management in its vicinity. Apart from extension of the nature reserve, one emphasized on necessity of delimitation of buffer zone between the nature reserve and forest areas where there are no any rules about proper functioning of biocoenoses in the reserve. In the buffer zone, one recommended a partial extirpation of drainage ditches and placement of weir in one of them, facilitating periodical regulation of water relations.

In the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) in the years 1997-2001 total 283 phytosociological releves were taken using commonly applied Braun-Blanguet method. The geobotanical survey was carried out in natural, semi-natural, as well as in disturbed forest communities. The woodlands were chosen systematically and randomly within the study area and the patches in them were chosen in relation to presence and different cover-abundance of a neophyte i. e. alien invasive species introduced after 1500. Of total 18 alien plant species found during physociological research in the study area only 3 are very frequent: woody species Quercus rubra, Padus serotina and herbaceous annual Impatiens parviflora. PCA analysis confirmed the biggest mean cover and the widest synecological amplitude of these species. The alien trees are used as productive admixtures to tree stands in forest management. The most vulnerable forest communities to invasions are those which are also frequently exploited by forestry i.e. Leucovryo-Pinetum, Querco roboris-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum. Such species as Impatiens parviflora, Solidago gigantea, Reynoutria japonica are manly connected with mesic forest communities of Querco-Fagatea class, which are dominated by the former. Impatiens parviflora also occurs in mixed coniferous forest and communities of Alnetea glutinosae class. The representatives of neophytes recorded in woodlands occur basically in various types of plant communities, however their cover increases with decreases in number and cover of native species.

Sierka E., Sierka W. (2005). Šur, ostatnie takie miejsce w Europie... Aura 1, 22-23.

Sierka E., Sierka W. (2005). Kwitnące okazy bluszczu pospolitego na sosnowieckich nekropoliach. Przyroda Górnego Śląska 39.

Wika S., Sierka E., Wilczek Z., Kompała A. (2004). The protection of the coniferous forests in the nature reserves of the Silesian Voivodeship. Coniferous forest vegetation - differentation, dynamics and transformations (ed. Brzeg A., Wojterska M.), Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Seria Biologiczna 69, Poznań, 111-114.

In the article problems of teaching courses conducted in Department of Geobotany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, were presented within the subject of study "Biological bases for environmental management" including topical framework: Biological correlation and environmental management, which is consistent with norms ISO serial 14000, forest certifications, principles of audits conduction and especially with environmental indicators and their practical usage for making of programs of sustainable development and nature conservation in territorial units.

In the present paper the authors indicate the requirement of comprehension of phenomena complexity occurring in nature is close contact with the sites where those phenomena take place i. e. conditions in the field. In this connection, syllabus in specialization of studies - biology in Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, according to guiding rules, include them. Direct contact with animated nature is especially significant both in natural areas (woodland and srub communities), semi-natural areas (e. g. meadows) as well as in communities formed due to human activity (post-industrial wastelands, manmade plant communities etc.). Essential problem in the territory of Upper Silesia is an impact of exploitation of natural resources on valuable natural areas.

The paper present the result of investigations over relationship among phaze of development of communities middle - field scrubs and groups thrips in the Jaworznickie Hills area (Silesian Upland). Authors suggested that scrubs should be protected with regard on their meaning for proceeding the biodiversity of natural habitats, assurance proper the kelter of landscape as well as their part the biocenotical(the middle - scrubs are the substitute of forest communities), from here very important kelter these arrangments is correct.

This paper presents projects of nature reserves of the Silesian Foreland. The "Grabówka" forest nature reserve (total area 34, 26 ha) is situated in the central part of the Silesian Foreland (the Grodziec forestry). Its flora contains about 127 species, including 8 protected ones. The "Łukaszowe Gaje" forest nature reserve (total areas 12,92 ha). is located in the area of Jasienica commune (the Grodziec forestry). Its flora contains 160 species (8 species are protected). The "Łabajska" proposed forest nature reserve (total area 29,65 ha) is situated near Dzięgielów castle in the commune of Goleszów (the Ustroń forestry). The flora of this reserve contains 190 species, 12 species are protected by law.

The proposed nature and landscape complex "Sarni Stok" is located in the north-eastern part of Trzy Lipki hill (378 m a. s. l.) in the central part of Silesian Foreland. The need to protect this area was indicated in "Detailed natural evaluation of Bielsko-Biała town" (1995). The planned location of a Geant hypermarket in the immediate vicinity was protested by nongovernmental environmental organizations (Club "Gaja", PRNWI), which forced the Municipal Office in Bielsko Biała to create a nature and landscape complex.

Pozioma strukutra warstwy runa boru sosnowego była analizowana za pomocą wskaźników ekologicznych wilgotności (F), stosunków świetlnych (L), zasobności w azot (N) i odczynu gleby (R). Stałe poletko badawcze podzielono na 496 kwadratów o wielkości 1m2. W każdym kwadracie notowano obecność roślin naczyniowych runa. Na tej podstawie dla każdego kwadratu obliczono średnie wartości badanych wskaźników ekologicznych, posługujących się pakietem programów Mulva-4. Analizowano przestrzenne rozmieszczenie średnich wartości (przedstawione w postaci kartogramów) oraz korelacje pomiędzy poszczególnymi wskaźnikami. Stwierdzono, ze wskaźniki naświetlenia oraz odczynu wykazują dużą heterogenność badanej powierzchni, natomiast pozostałe wskaźniki (wilgotność i zasobność w azot) dają bardziej homogenny obraz. Analiza korelacji sugeruje istnienie związków pomiędzy wilgotnością i zasobnością w azot, przynajmniej w odniesieniu do badanej fitocenozy.

Sierka-Koper E., Palowski B., Kimsa T., Śliwińska-Wyrzychowska A. (1999). Heavy metals in mosses in areas adjacent to Zinc and Lead semlters in Miasteczko Śląskie and Bukowno. Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych 469, 497-503.

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