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55. Novel Local Anesthetics in Clinical Practice: Pharmacologic Considerations and Potential Roles for the Future

Author

Kaye, Alan D., primary, Edinoff, Amber N., additional, Yan, Justin Y., additional, Kaye, Aaron J., additional, Alvarado, Michael A., additional, Pham, Alex D., additional, Chami, Azem A., additional, Shah, Rutvij J., additional, Dixon, Bruce M., additional, Shafeinia, Amineh, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, and Fox, Charles, additional

Published
2022
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56. Oxytocin, a Novel Treatment for Methamphetamine Use Disorder

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Thompson, Elliot, additional, Merriman, Chandler E., additional, Alvarez, Mark R., additional, Alpaugh, E. Saunders, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Murnane, Kevin S., additional, Kozinn, Rachel L., additional, Shah-Bruce, Mila, additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2022
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59. Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Nix, Catherine A., additional, Orellana, Claudia V., additional, StPierre, Samantha M., additional, Crane, Erin A., additional, Bulloch, Blaine T., additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Kozinn, Rachel L., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Murnane, Kevin S., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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63. Viloxazine in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Akuly, Haseeb A., additional, Wagner, John H., additional, Boudreaux, Megan A., additional, Kaplan, Leah A., additional, Yusuf, Shadman, additional, Neuchat, Elisa E., additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Boyer, Andrea G., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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64. Conolidine: A Novel Plant Extract for Chronic Pain

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Patel, Akash S., additional, Baker, Mitchell W., additional, Lawson, Jesse, additional, Wolcott, Christopher, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Sadegi, Kambiz, additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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65. Benzodiazepines: Uses, Dangers, and Clinical Considerations

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Nix, Catherine A., additional, Hollier, Janice, additional, Sagrera, Caroline E., additional, Delacroix, Blake M., additional, Abubakar, Tunde, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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70. Brexanolone, a GABAA Modulator, in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression in Adults: A Comprehensive Review

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Odisho, Amira S., additional, Lewis, Kendall, additional, Kaskas, Amir, additional, Hunt, Grace, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Kaye, Alan D., additional, Kaye, Adam, additional, Morgan, John, additional, Barrilleaux, P. Scott, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Viswanath, Omar, additional, and Urits, Ivan, additional

Published
2021
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75. Relapse of Psychosis Status Post Meningioma Resection

Author

Mohammad-Amin, Hamza, primary, Edinoff, Amber N., additional, Akuly, Haseeb A., additional, Doppalapudi, Prithvi, additional, Horton, Rita, additional, Sin, Anthony, additional, Dwyer, Donard, additional, Mohammad Amin, City, additional, and Shamim, Sana, additional

Published
2021
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76. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Adverse Effects: A Narrative Review

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Akuly, Haseeb A., additional, Hanna, Tony A., additional, Ochoa, Carolina O., additional, Patti, Shelby J., additional, Ghaffar, Yahya A., additional, Kaye, Alan D., additional, Viswanath, Omar, additional, Urits, Ivan, additional, Boyer, Andrea G., additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, and Kaye, Adam M., additional

Published
2021
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77. Paliperidone to Treat Psychotic Disorders

Author

Minwalla, Hormazd D., primary, Wrzesinski, Peter, additional, Desforges, Allison, additional, Caskey, Joshua, additional, Wagner, Brittany, additional, Ingraffia, Patrick, additional, Patterson, James C., additional, Edinoff, Amber N., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Kaye, Alan D., additional, Viswanath, Omar, additional, and Urits, Ivan, additional

Published
2021
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78. Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of NMDA Antagonists, Neostigmine, Epinephrine, and Sodium Bicarbonate

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Fitz-Gerald, Joseph S., additional, Holland, Krisha Andrea A., additional, Reed, Johnnie G., additional, Murnane, Sarah E., additional, Minter, Sarah G., additional, Kaye, Aaron J., additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Imani, Farnad, additional, Khademi, Seyed-Hossein, additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Urman, Richard D., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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79. Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Houk, Garrett M., additional, Patil, Shilpa, additional, Bangalore Siddaiah, Harish, additional, Kaye, Aaron J., additional, Iyengar, Priya Shelvan, additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Imani, Farnad, additional, Mahmoudi, Kamran, additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Urman, Richard D., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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84. Zolpidem: Efficacy and Side Effects for Insomnia

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Wu, Natalie, additional, Ghaffar, Yahya T., additional, Prejean, Rosemary, additional, Gremillion, Rachel, additional, Cogburn, Mark, additional, Chami, Azem A., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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85. Cenobamate, a Sodium Channel Inhibitor and Positive Allosteric Modulator of GABAA Ion Channels, for Partial Onset Seizures in Adults: A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Implications

Author

Latimer, Dustin R., primary, Edinoff, Amber N., additional, Ruff, Rachel D., additional, Rooney, Kelsey C., additional, Penny, Kayla M., additional, Patel, Shaan B., additional, Sabbenahalli, Suresh, additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Cornett, Elyse M., additional, Viswanath, Omar, additional, Urits, Ivan, additional, and Kaye, Alan D., additional

Published
2021
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86. Ubrogepant to Treat Acute Migraine in Adults

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., primary, Casey, C. Austin, additional, Colon, Marc A., additional, Zaheri, Alexa R., additional, Gregoire, Courtney M., additional, Bourg, Margaret M., additional, Kaye, Alan D., additional, Kaye, Jessica S., additional, Kaye, Adam M., additional, Kaye, Rachel J., additional, Tirumala, Sridhar R., additional, Viswanath, Omar, additional, and Urits, Ivan, additional

Published
2021
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87. Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder.

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., Nix, Catherine A., Orellana, Claudia V., StPierre, Samantha M., Crane, Erin A., Bulloch, Blaine T., Cornett, Elyse M., Kozinn, Rachel L., Kaye, Adam M., Murnane, Kevin S., and Kaye, Alan D.

Subjects
*OPIOID abuse, *NALTREXONE, *OPIOID peptides, *ORAL medication, *ADDICTIONS, *CANCER pain
Abstract

The continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) began with the introduction of methadone in the 1960s. The approval of oral naltrexone initially showed much promise, as the drug was observed to be highly potent in antagonizing the effects of opioids while producing no opioid agonist effects of its own and having a favorable side effect profile. Patients that routinely take their naltrexone reported fewer days of heroin use and had more negative drug tests than those without treatment. Poor outcomes in OUD patients treated with naltrexone have been directly tied to short treatment time. Studies have shown that naltrexone given orally vs. as an implant at the 6-month interval showed a higher non-compliance rate among those who used oral medications at the 6-month mark and a slower return to use rate. There were concerns that naltrexone could possibly worsen negative symptoms seen in opiate use disorder related to blockade of endogenous opioids that are important for pleasurable stimuli. Studies have shown that naltrexone demonstrated no increase in levels of anxiety, depression and anhedonia in participants and another study found that those treated with naltrexone had a significant reduction in mental health-related hospitalizations. The latter study also concluded that there was no increased risk for mental health-related incidents in patients taking naltrexone via a long-acting implant. Although not yet FDA approved in the United States, naltrexone implant has shown promising results in Europe and Australia and may provide a novel treatment option for opioid addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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90. Brexanolone, a GABAA Modulator, in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression in Adults: A Comprehensive Review.

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., Odisho, Amira S., Lewis, Kendall, Kaskas, Amir, Hunt, Grace, Cornett, Elyse M., Kaye, Alan D., Kaye, Adam, Morgan, John, Barrilleaux, P. Scott, Lewis, David, Viswanath, Omar, and Urits, Ivan

Subjects
POSTPARTUM depression, MENTAL depression, INTRAVENOUS therapy, DRUG approval, PUERPERIUM
Abstract

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the three major categories on the spectrum of postpartum psychiatric syndromes. Postpartum psychiatric syndromes are classified as either postpartum blues, postpartum depression, or postpartum psychosis. Postpartum depression is important to recognize clinically because of the effect it can have on the mother-child bond. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a progesterone derivative, is important for its role in positively modulating GABAA receptors. GABA-mediated signaling has been previously implicated in major depressive disorder. Allopregnanolone-mediated signaling has been identified as an important therapeutic target. Treatment with an allopregnanolone-analog, brexanolone, has been shown to improve depression scores in trials for the treatment of PPD. Brexanolone is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA and is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat postpartum depression. Brexanolone enhances the inhibitory effects of GABAA, restores dysfunctional GABAA transmembrane channels, and mimics a naturally produced progesterone metabolite that fluctuates during pregnancy and postpartum. One open-label study and two phase two studies have some significant reduction in HAM-D scores after treatment and that the effect was still there 30 days post-treatment. Per the data reported, intravenous infusion of brexanolone could be efficacious and safe for the treatment of women suffering from postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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91. Cenobamate, a Sodium Channel Inhibitor and Positive Allosteric Modulator of GABAA Ion Channels, for Partial Onset Seizures in Adults: A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Implications.

Author

Latimer, Dustin R., Edinoff, Amber N., Ruff, Rachel D., Rooney, Kelsey C., Penny, Kayla M., Patel, Shaan B., Sabbenahalli, Suresh, Kaye, Adam M., Cornett, Elyse M., Viswanath, Omar, Urits, Ivan, and Kaye, Alan D.

Subjects
*EPILEPSY, *VIMPAT, *VOLTAGE-gated ion channels, *SODIUM channels, *ION channels, *DRUG side effects, *SEIZURES (Medicine), *QUALITY of life
Abstract

Medical management of epilepsy seeks to eliminate or to reduce the frequency of seizures, help patients maintain a normal lifestyle, and maintain psychosocial and occupational activities, while avoiding the negative side effects of long-term treatment. Current FDA approved drugs have been shown to have similar efficacy; however, they all share a commonality of having side effects that have the potential to significantly reduce a patient's quality of life. Cenobamate, a newly-FDA approved drug used to treat partial-onset seizures in adult patients, has demonstrated promise in that it works on two proposed mechanisms that are commonly associated with epilepsy. Cenobamate acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA ion channels and is effective in reducing repetitive neuronal firing by inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, although the complete mechanism of action is currently unknown. The efficacy of Cenobamate with its low toxicity and adverse drug reaction profile emphasizes the need to further evaluate antiepileptic therapies containing sulfamoylphenyl and/or carbamate moieties in their chemical structure. Recent studies have found more patients to be seizure free during the maintenance period when compared to placebo. The most common side effects reported in with Cenobamate are somnolence, dizziness, headache, nausea, and fatigue. There are currently ongoing phase III studies looking to further evaluate the long-term benefits of Cenobamate and investigate adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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93. Lamotrigine and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Prevention.

Author

Edinoff, Amber N., Nguyen, Long H., Jo Fitz-Gerald, Mary, Crane, Erin, Lewis, Kyle, Pierre, Samantha St, Kaye, Alan D., Kaye, Adam M., Kaye, Jessica S., Rachel, Rachel J., Gennuso, Sonja A., Varrassi, Giustino, Viswanath, Omar, and Urits, Ivan

Published
2021

95. Kratom: A Narrative Review of the Possible Clinical Uses and Dangers of This Opioid-Like Plant.

Author

Edinoff AN, Kaufman SE, Mahoney TC, Upshaw WC, Gong J, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Varrassi G, Shekoohi S, and Kaye AD

Abstract

The term "kratom" refers to a plant species formally known as  Mitragyna speciosa. Kratom is composed of over 40 alkaloids, a type of organic compound that contains nitrogen. These compounds work primarily via binding to opioid receptors expressed on neurons, where they stimulate signal transduction mechanisms involving the activation of G proteins. Kratom has been shown to cause both a stimulant-like effect and a sedative effect in humans. These studies have shown that use is highest among European-American, middle-class men living in suburban areas. Additionally, individuals who have a history of opioid misuse are also more likely to take kratom. Kratom is used by many different people in the US for numerous different reasons. Some of the most often cited reasons include treating chronic pain conditions, depression, and anxiety. Individuals who used kratom for these reasons typically consumed kratom daily at a dose of 1-3 grams, with the kratom extracted into a powder to be consumed in a capsule. Additionally, there have been reports of kratom being used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms, as kratom can bind to some of the same receptors as opioids. This manuscript specifically describes trends regarding the use of kratom in the US, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of kratom, potential therapeutic uses of kratom, adverse events caused by kratom, and case studies in the literature regarding patients using kratom., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Edinoff et al.)

Published
2024
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96. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of opioid use disorder: A narrative review.

Author

Edinoff AN, Sall S, Wagner SE, Zahari AR, Portillo MJ, Jackson ED, Wagner DM, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, and Kaye AD

Subjects
Humans, Treatment Outcome, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Opiate Substitution Treatment methods, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Opioid-Related Disorders therapy
Abstract

It is estimated that over 16 million people are living with opioid use disorder (OUD) worldwide, with 2.1 million people in the United States. Opioid addiction is theorized to be associated with strong dopaminergic response to opioid receptor stimulations that contributes to reward-seeking behaviors and individuals' experiences with opioids. Methadone and buprenorphine have been game changers; however, both come with limitations, especially in the era of fentanyl use. Naltrexone is another treatment used for OUD that blocks opioid receptors. An emerging treatment of significant interest is a neuro-interventional technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of depression and, recently, for obsessive compulsive disorder and tobacco use disorder. TMS has been seen in some studies to significantly reduce cravings for opioids with effects beyond the last administrated treatment. This manuscript is a narrative review of the potential relevance of TMS, specifically, repetitive TMS, in the future treatment of OUD.

Published
2024
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97. Brexanolone, a GABA A Modulator, in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression in Adults: A Comprehensive Review.

Author

Edinoff AN, Odisho AS, Lewis K, Kaskas A, Hunt G, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Kaye A, Morgan J, Barrilleaux PS, Lewis D, Viswanath O, and Urits I

Abstract

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the three major categories on the spectrum of postpartum psychiatric syndromes. Postpartum psychiatric syndromes are classified as either postpartum blues, postpartum depression, or postpartum psychosis. Postpartum depression is important to recognize clinically because of the effect it can have on the mother-child bond. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a progesterone derivative, is important for its role in positively modulating GABA A receptors. GABA-mediated signaling has been previously implicated in major depressive disorder. Allopregnanolone-mediated signaling has been identified as an important therapeutic target. Treatment with an allopregnanolone-analog, brexanolone, has been shown to improve depression scores in trials for the treatment of PPD. Brexanolone is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA A and is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat postpartum depression. Brexanolone enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA A , restores dysfunctional GABA A transmembrane channels, and mimics a naturally produced progesterone metabolite that fluctuates during pregnancy and postpartum. One open-label study and two phase two studies have some significant reduction in HAM-D scores after treatment and that the effect was still there 30 days post-treatment. Per the data reported, intravenous infusion of brexanolone could be efficacious and safe for the treatment of women suffering from postpartum depression., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Edinoff, Odisho, Lewis, Kaskas, Hunt, Cornett, Kaye, Kaye, Morgan, Barrilleaux, Lewis, Viswanath and Urits.)

Published
2021
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