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51. Effects of temperature and p CO 2 on the respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology of the giant clam Tridacna maxima

Author: Claire E. Lazareth, Claude Soyez, Chloé Brahmi, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Gilles Le Moullac, Benoit Beliaeff, Leila Chapron, Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, photosynthetic yield, Effects of global warming on oceans, Thermal stress, ocean acidification, Photosynthesis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, chemistry.chemical_compound, Respiration, 14. Life underwater, Growth rate, symbionts, biology, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, giant clam, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Giant clam, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Seawater, respiration
Abstract: Such as many other reef organisms, giant clams are today confronted to global change effects and can suffer mass bleaching or mortality events mainly related to abnormally high seawater temperatures. Despite its strong ecological and socio-economical importance, its responses to the two most alarming threats linked to global change (i.e., ocean warming and acidification) still need to be explored. We investigated physiological responses of 4-years-oldTridacna maximaspecimens to realistic levels of temperature and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (+1.5°C and +800μatm of CO2) predicted for 2100 in French Polynesian lagoons during the warmer season. During a 65-days crossed-factor experiment, individuals were exposed to two temperatures (29.2°C; 30.7°C) and twopCO2(430µatm; 1212µatm) conditions. Impact of each parameter and their potential synergetic effect were evaluated on respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology. Kinetics of thermal and acidification stress were evaluated by performing measurements at different times of exposure (29, 41, 53, 65 days). At 30.7°C, the holobiont O2production, symbiont photosynthetic yield, and density were negatively impacted. HighpCO2had a significant negative effect on shell growth rate, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density. Shell microstructural modifications were observed from 41 days in all temperature andpCO2conditions. No significant synergetic effect was found. Today thermal conditions (29.2°C) appeared to be sufficiently stressful to induce a host acclimatization process. All these observations indicate that temperature andpCO2are both forcing variables affectingT. maximaphysiology and jeopardize its survival under environmental conditions predicted for the end of this century.
Published: 2021

52. Conjurer l'effondrement, les vertus du local : l’exemple du jardin collectif de la résidence du campus d’Outumaoro à Tahiti

Author: Tchékémian, Anthony, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Tchékémian, Anthony
Subjects: [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

53. Bioactive Bromotyrosine Derivatives from the Pacific Marine Sponge Suberea clavata (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982)

Author: Cristina Florean, Marc Diederich, Tinihauarii Mareva Leu, Ali Al-Mourabit, Cécile Debitus, Céline Moriou, Sylvain Petek, Damien Lacroix, Rozenn Trepos, Amr El-Demerdash, Claire Hellio, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Kirchberg, Hôpital Kirchberg [Luxembourg], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1, Chemical transformation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Biofouling, Stereochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pharmaceutical Science, 01 natural sciences, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, Article, Stereocenter, sponge, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Discovery, Animals, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Suberea clavata, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), Verongiida, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Pacific Ocean, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, antifouling, biology.organism_classification, Porifera, 0104 chemical sciences, fistularin-3, Sponge, lcsh:Biology (General), bromotyrosine, Tyrosine, Fistularin 3, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract: Chemical investigation of the South-Pacific marine sponge Suberea clavata led to the isolation of eight new bromotyrosine metabolites named subereins 1–8 (2–9) along with twelve known co-isolated congeners. The detailed configuration determination of the first representative major compound of this family 11-epi-fistularin-3 (11R,17S) (1) is described. Their chemical characterization was achieved by HRMS and integrated 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopic studies and extensive comparison with literature data. For the first time, a complete assignment of the absolute configurations for stereogenic centers C-11/17 of the known members (11R,17S) 11-epi-fistularin-3 (1) and 17-deoxyfistularin-3 (10) was determined by a combination of chemical modifications, Mosher’s technology, and ECD spectroscopy. Consequently, the absolute configurations of all our new isolated compounds 2–9 were determined by the combination of NMR, Mosher’s method, ECD comparison, and chemical modifications. Interestingly, compounds 2–7 were obtained by chemical transformation of the major compound 11-epi-fistularin-3 (1). Evaluation for acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE), DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) modulating activity and antifouling activities using marine bacterial strains are also presented.
Published: 2021

54. In Vitro Hair Dermal Papilla Cells Induction by Fagraea berteroana, a Tree of the Marquesan Cosmetopoeia (French Polynesia)

Author: Claire Chazaud, Jean-François Butaud, Phila Raharivelomanana, Stéphanie Hermitte, Raimana Ho, Edwige Ranouille, Stéphane Greff, Edith Filaire, Kristelle Hughes, Jean-Yves Berthon, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), GREENTECH, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forestry and Polynesian Botany, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), French Ministry of Higher Education and Research at the University of French Polynesia ED 469Greentech, GREFF, Stéphane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Aging, Fagraea berteroana, ethnocosmetology, Pharmaceutical Science, Dermatology, 01 natural sciences, Bone morphogenetic protein 2, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, hair growth, Hair cycle, Gene expression, medicine, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Cell growth, Wnt signaling pathway, Marquesas islands, Transforming growth factor beta, Gentianaceae, Hair follicle, 0104 chemical sciences, Cell biology, Dermal papillae, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:QD1-999, biology.protein, Surgery
Abstract: Fagraea berteroana is a tree used in traditional medicine in various islands of the South Pacific. Here, we studied its hair growth-inducing properties as suggested by one of its Marquesan ethno-uses in haircare. The ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of F. berteroana (FEAE) and four resulting fractions (FEAE-F0, FEAE-F1, FEAE-F2, and FEAE-F3) were tested on hair follicle dermal papilla cells to determine their cell proliferative activity. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis enabled gene modulation analysis, while immunostaining of the β-catenin protein was used to follow protein regulation. We found that the plant extracts induced a controlled, dose-dependent cell proliferation. FEAE-F0 simultaneously down-regulated Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) mRNA expression and upregulated Cyclin-D1 (CCND1) gene expression, which suggests an involvement in the regulation of the Wnt and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) pathways that control the hair cycle. FEAE-F0 exhibited a 1.34-fold increase of nuclear β-catenin protein. This is indicative of an active hair growth state. Thus, we conclude that FEAE-F0 could be an innovative candidate in hair care, which opens interesting leads to promote the Marquesan cosmetopoeia.
Published: 2021

55. Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons

Author: Davorin Sudac, S. Bernard, Vladivoj Valkovic, Felix Pino, C.L. Fontana, Antonietta Donzella, M. Gierlik, Alessandro Iovene, Gregory Perret, Sandra Moretto, Wassila El Kanawati, Cedric Carasco, A. Sardet, Marek Moszynski, Jasmina Obhodas, Cyrille Eleon, G. Nebbia, Clement Deyglun, Aldo Zenoni, Bertrand Perot, Carlo Tintori, Guillaume Sannie, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IRCER - Axe 4 : céramiques sous contraintes environnementales (IRCER-AXE4), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), PDS-DEND/SESN/L2MN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Institut Ruder Boskovic, Institut Ruđer Bošković (IRB), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], caen (CAEN), National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (THE ANDRZEJ SOLTAN INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR STUDIES), The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Laboratoire de métrologie des matières nucléaires (IRSN/PDS-DEND/SESN/L2MN), Service d’études en sécurité nucléaire (IRSN/PDS-DEND/SESN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), and Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Explosive material, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Neutron imaging, Nuclear engineering, TK9001-9401, Alpha particle, 01 natural sciences, Radiation Portal Monitor, Particle detector, Industrial radiography, Nondestructive testing, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Neutron, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract: Neutron inspection of sea-going cargo containers has been widely studied in the past 20 yr to non-intrusively detect terrorist threats, like explosives or Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), and illicit goods, like narcotics or smuggling materials. Fast 14 MeV neutrons are produced by a portable generator with the t(d, n)α fusion reaction, and tagged in both direction and time thanks to the alpha particle detection. This Associated Particle Technique (APT) allows focusing inspection on specific areas of interest in the containers, previously identified as containing suspicious items with X-ray radiographic scanners or radiation portal monitors. We describe the principle of APT for non-nuclear material identification, and for nuclear material detection, then we provide illustrations of the performances for 10 min inspections with significant quantities (kilograms) of explosives, illicit drugs, or SNM, in different cargo cover loads (e.g. metallic, organic, or ceramic matrices).
Published: 2021

56. Les usages et les fonctions sociales de l’agriculture périurbaine par les acteurs de l’agglomération grenobloise

Author: Tchékémian, Anthony, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Tchékémian, Anthony
Subjects: agriculture périurbaine, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ville, nature, institutions, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Grenoble, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Meeting the requirements and expectations of the city dwellers in terms of products and landscapes is the new challenge of peri-urban agriculture. This represents a social and economic strength that tends to enhance the profession. Considering the social demand for nature, as a parameter of operating systems, leads to a wider reflection on agricultural issues, mainly on the roles played by peri-urban agriculture.This research is based on two issues presenting the current requirements of the city of Grenoble in terms of nature, countryside and agriculture. The first issue is meant to show how this requirement is run by the institutions for development and planning? The second one is intended to reveal how to meet this requirement and the possible proposals made by these institutions? This paper will show that the link and interaction between rural and urban areas comes straight from the heart of the social demand. It will also reveal the role played by peri-urban agriculture in the structure of the territory., Répondre aux demandes et attentes citadines en qualité des produits et des paysages constitue le nouveau défi des différentes formes d’agriculture françaises. Ces réponses représentent un atout social et économique qui tend à valoriser la profession, puisque toute valeur socialement ou économiquement reconnue doit revenir à ceux qui la produisent. La prise en compte de la demande sociale de nature, comme paramètre des systèmes d’exploitation, permet donc d’enrichir la réflexion agricole, notamment les rôles de l’agriculture périurbaine.Afin d’alimenter la réflexion sur le thème de « l’agriculture périurbaine : impacts du fait urbain, stratégies et jeux d’acteurs » , cette recherche s’articule autour de deux questions principales, qui abordent, d’une part, l’état actuel de la demande citadine, dans l’agglomération grenobloise, en termes de nature, campagne et agriculture ; d’autre part les réponses faites par les institutions de développement, d’aménagement du territoire et d’animation nature. Ainsi, la première question est la suivante : comment cette demande est prise en compte par ces institutions ; la seconde : comment ces institutions répondent à cette demande, tout en utilisant la nature et l’agriculture périurbaine en tant qu’outil d’aménagement du territoire et d’animation.Pour répondre à ce questionnement de recherche, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduits auprès d’acteurs de l’agglomération grenobloise, œuvrant au développement et à l’aménagement du territoire, pour leur contribution au débat public sur la périurbanisation, la défense de l’environnement et les intérêts agricoles. D’autres entretiens ont été réalisés auprès d’acteurs d’animation nature, afin de cerner les demandes et attentes de nature en fonction des pratiques des habitants et les réponses qui leur sont faites par les institutions. De plus, l’analyse textuelle des discours, sous Sphinx Plus², permet de connaître les définitions et représentations sociales que revêt le mot « nature », auprès des acteurs rencontrés, puis de comprendre le lien entre la pluralité de sens et la diversité des demandes sociales de nature, campagne, agriculture, au sein de l’agglomération grenobloise.Cette recherche montre que l’imbrication entre les territoires ruraux et urbains est au cœur de la demande sociale, que la nature à des fonctions sociales indéniables pour les institutions et que l’agriculture périurbaine joue un grand rôle dans la structuration des territoires.
Published: 2021

57. Environmentally Driven Color Variation in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus, 1758) Is Associated With Differential Methylation of CpGs in Pigment- and Biomineralization-Related Genes

Author: Pierre-Louis Stenger, Chin-Long Ky, Céline M. O. Reisser, Céline Cosseau, Christoph Grunau, Mickaël Mege, Serge Planes, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, environmental pressure, lcsh:QH426-470, depth, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Pigment, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, pigmentation, Epigenetics, Gene, Mollusca, Genetics (clinical), DNA methylation, biology, Pinctada margaritifera, methylome characterization, biology.organism_classification, color change, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Molecular Medicine, pearl oyster, sense organs, Pearl, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Today, it is common knowledge that environmental factors can change the color of many animals. Studies have shown that the molecular mechanisms underlying such modifications could involve epigenetic factors. Since 2013, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii has become a biological model for questions on color expression and variation in Mollusca. A previous study reported color plasticity in response to water depth variation, specifically a general darkening of the nacre color at greater depth. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this plasticity are still unknown. In this paper, we investigate the possible implication of epigenetic factors controlling shell color variation through a depth variation experiment associated with a DNA methylation study performed at the whole genome level with a constant genetic background. Our results revealed six genes presenting differentially methylated CpGs in response to the environmental change, among which four are linked to pigmentation processes or regulations (GART, ABCC1, MAPKAP1, and GRL101), especially those leading to darker phenotypes. Interestingly, the genes perlucin and MGAT1, both involved in the biomineralization process (deposition of aragonite and calcite crystals), also showed differential methylation, suggesting that a possible difference in the physical/spatial organization of the crystals could cause darkening (iridescence or transparency modification of the biomineral). These findings are of great interest for the pearl production industry, since wholly black pearls and their opposite, the palest pearls, command a higher value on several markets. They also open the route of epigenetic improvement as a new means for pearl production improvement.
Published: 2021

58. Améliorer la résilience face au risque inondation : de la création d’indicateurs à un observatoire de résilience urbaine

Author: Heinzlef, Charlotte, Ganz, François, Becue, Vincent, Serre, Damien, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Mairie d'Avignon, Faculté d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme de Mons (FAU-UMONS), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Mons (UMons), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Heinzlef, Charlotte, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

59. Effects of elevated temperature and p CO2 on the respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology of the giant clam Tridacna maxima

Author: Benoit Beliaeff, Gilles Le Moullac, Claude Soyez, Chloé Brahmi, Leila Chapron, Claire E. Lazareth, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), School of Earth Sciences [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, photosynthetic yield, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Effects of global warming on oceans, ocean acidification, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, chemistry.chemical_compound, Respiration, 14. Life underwater, Giant clams, symbionts, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Giant clam, Ocean acidification, biology.organism_classification, thermal stress, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Carbon dioxide, AcademicSubjects/SCI00840, Seawater, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, respiration, Research Article
Abstract: In this article, we mimicked current and future warm season conditions and showed that temperature and pCO2 predicted for the end of this century are forcing variables significantly affecting Tridacna maxima’s growth and photophysiology in an order of magnitude that will jeopardize its survival in French Polynesian lagoon., Many reef organisms, such as the giant clams, are confronted with global change effects. Abnormally high seawater temperatures can lead to mass bleaching events and subsequent mortality, while ocean acidification may impact biomineralization processes. Despite its strong ecological and socio-economic importance, its responses to these threats still need to be explored. We investigated physiological responses of 4-year-old Tridacna maxima to realistic levels of temperature (+1.5°C) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (+800 μatm of CO2) predicted for 2100 in French Polynesian lagoons during the warmer season. During a 65-day crossed-factorial experiment, individuals were exposed to two temperatures (29.2°C, 30.7°C) and two pCO2 (430 μatm, 1212 μatm) conditions. The impact of each environmental parameter and their potential synergetic effect were evaluated based on respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology. Kinetics of thermal and/or acidification stress were evaluated by performing measurements at different times of exposure (29, 41, 53, 65 days). At 30.7°C, the holobiont O2 production, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density were negatively impacted. High pCO2 had a significant negative effect on shell growth rate, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density. No significant differences of the shell microstructure were observed between control and experimental conditions in the first 29 days; however, modifications (i.e. less-cohesive lamellae) appeared from 41 days in all temperature and pCO2 conditions. No significant synergetic effect was found. Present thermal conditions (29.2°C) appeared to be sufficiently stressful to induce a host acclimatization response. All these observations indicate that temperature and pCO2 are both forcing variables affecting T. maxima’s physiology and jeopardize its survival under environmental conditions predicted for the end of this century.
Published: 2021

60. Molecular Pathways and Pigments Underlying the Colors of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758)

Author: Céline M. O. Reisser, Patrick Durand, Hamadou Dicko, Chin-Long Ky, Julien Duboisset, Serge Planes, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Pierre-Louis Stenger, Laure Quintric, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Pinctada margaritifera, lcsh:QH426-470, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pigment, transcriptomics, pigment, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Botany, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, education, Heme, Mollusca, Genetics (clinical), Margaritifera, education.field_of_study, Biliverdin, biology, biology.organism_classification, color, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, visual_art, Raman spectroscopy, visual_art.visual_art_medium, sense organs, Pinctada
Abstract: International audience; The shell color of the Mollusca has attracted naturalists and collectors for hundreds of years, while the molecular pathways regulating pigment production and the pigments themselves remain poorly described. In this study, our aim was to identify the main pigments and their molecular pathways in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera—the species displaying the broadest range of colors. Three inner shell colors were investigated—red, yellow, and green. To maximize phenotypic homogeneity, a controlled population approach combined with common garden conditioning was used. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes (RNA-seq) of P. margaritifera with different shell colors revealed the central role of the heme pathway, which is involved in the production of red (uroporphyrin and derivates), yellow (bilirubin), and green (biliverdin and cobalamin forms) pigments. In addition, the Raper–Mason, and purine metabolism pathways were shown to produce yellow pigments (pheomelanin and xanthine) and the black pigment eumelanin. The presence of these pigments in pigmented shell was validated by Raman spectroscopy. This method also highlighted that all the identified pathways and pigments are expressed ubiquitously and that the dominant color of the shell is due to the preferential expression of one pathway compared with another. These pathways could likely be extrapolated to many other organisms presenting broad chromatic variation
Published: 2021

61. Different food particle sources in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera and its epibionts

Author: Élise Lacoste, Patrick Raimbault, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, pacific oyster, crassostrea-gigas, crepidula-fornicata, Isotopic niche, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, SH1-691, Aquatic Science, engineering.material, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, size, Water column, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, phytoplankton biomass, Pearl oysters, french-polynesia, 14. Life underwater, organic-matter, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Suspension feeders, biology, δ13C, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pinctada margaritifera, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, lagoon tuamotu archipelago, Benthic zone, engineering, Animal Science and Zoology, Trophic interactions, isotope fractionation, seasonal-variation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Stable isotope ratio analysis, Pearl
Abstract: WOS:000706788500001; International audience; Suspended bivalve culture (e.g. longlines) transfers benthic biomass including bivalves and various epibionts toward the water column, creating strong trophic interactions with the planktonic compartment. Trophic interactions are of central interest for ecologists, yet not well understood in coastal lagoon food webs, especially in tropical areas. Using stable isotope (SI) analyses, this study explored the trophic relationships between marine particulate organic matter (POM), pearl oysters and epibionts, in two contrasted production areas in French Polynesia. Different size classes of POM (0.7-2 mu m, 2-20 mu m, 20-80 mu m, 80-250 mu m and \textgreater250 mu m) were well discriminated both by their delta C-13 and delta N-15 signature and results showed a low dietary overlap between pearl oysters and epibionts, likely due to assimilation of large particles in greater proportion by pearl oysters. Pearl oyster diet may vary in time in relation with variations of the basal trophic resource and selective feeding, such that their isotopic signature is more variable compared with that of epibionts. Pearl oysters and epibionts might alter nutrient cycling in a different way as reflected by their different tissue C:N.
Published: 2021

62. Underwater robots provide similar fish biodiversity assessments as divers on coral reefs

Author: Maslin, Mathilde, Louis, Silvain, Godary Dejean, Karen, Lapierre, Lionel, Villéger, Sébastien, Claverie, Thomas, Pettorelli, Nathalie, Lecours, Vincent, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactive Autonomous DYnamic Systems [Roquefort] (IADYS), Robotique mobile pour l'exploration de l'environnement (EXPLORE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Technology, Coral reef fish, Fringing reef, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, transect surveys, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, Transect, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, stereovision, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Biomass (ecology), geography, fish biometrics, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral reef, marine robotics, Fishery, Coral reef ecosystems, Environmental science, Species evenness, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Coral reefs are under increasing threat, and the loss of reef-associated fishes providing valuable ecosystem services is accelerating. The monitoring of such rapid changes has become a challenge for ecologists and ecosystems managers using traditional approaches like scuba divers performing underwater visual censuses (UVC) or diver operated video recording (DOV). However, the use of small, low-cost robots could help tackle the challenge of such monitoring, provided that they perform at least as well as diver-based methods. To address this question, tropical fish assemblages from 13 fringing reefs around Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean) were monitored along 50 m-long transects using stereo videos recorded by a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV) and by a scuba diver (Diver Operated stereo Video system, DOV). Differences between the methods were tested for complementary fish assemblage metrics (species richness, total biomass, total density, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness) and for the number and size of nine targeted species. SAUV recorded on average 35% higher biomass than DOV which in turn recorded on average 12% higher species richness. Biomass differences were found to be due to SAUV monitoring larger fishes than DOV, a potential marker of human-related fish avoidance behaviour. This study demonstrates that SAUV provides accurate metrics of coral reef fish biodiversity compared to diver-based procedures. Given their ability to conduct video transects at high frequency, 100 m depth range and at a moderate cost, SAUV is a promising tool for monitoring fish assemblages in coral reef ecosystems.
Published: 2021

63. Did French Polynesia Cope with COVID-19? Intrinsic Vulnerabilities and Decreased Resilience

Author: Charlotte Heinzlef, Damien Serre, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: Government, education.field_of_study, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Vulnerability, Land-use planning, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Devolution, Politics, Political science, Development economics, Psychological resilience, business, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Risk management, media_common
Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis raised issues over the resources and capacities of small islands and their populations, at high risk through various economic dependencies and health system limitations. French Polynesia was deeply shaken economically, politically, socially, psychologically and geographically by the threat and impact of the virus. Serious mortality outcomes underlined intrinsic vulnerabilities in the territory, in several categories – geographical, social, economic and spatial imbalances –at several scales. They influenced the response of the Polynesian government and its population to the health threat. Limited success raised a critical question over whether it is possible to mitigate intrinsic vulnerability by developing more resilient risk management strategies, and their means of implementation, for example by land use planning, economic development, political devolution and other strategies.
Published: 2021

64. Urban resilience: From a limited urban engineering vision to a more global comprehensive and long-term implementation

Author: Damien Serre, Charlotte Heinzlef, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 9. Industry and infrastructure, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Oceanography, Resilience assessment, 01 natural sciences, Critical infrastructure, Spatial decision support systems, 11. Sustainability, Urban resilience, Business, Observatory, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Municipal or urban engineering
Abstract: This paper presents a research project spanning over 15 years, dealing with territorial resilience to flooding. This paper presents a global retrospective view on how research on the concept of resilience began with a primary focus on critical infrastructure resilience networks. These infrastructures are always identified by experts as an aggravating factor leading to territorial systems disruptions. The focus on critical infrastructure resilience networks served as an important first step to improve knowledge on mechanism failures and their impacts on communities. However, this first step was insufficient in providing more resilient systems and territories to floods. Today, other approaches are useful for implementing strategies of resilience to answer city managers’ needs, such as organizational strategies, including participative tools. Long-term resilience is addressed within this research for territorial resilience monitoring and planning. This article is primarily based and illustrated on the research, projects and scientific advances conducted by the authors.
Published: 2020

65. Seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratios along continental margins: Patterns and processes in open and restricted shelf domains

Author: Ludovic Menjot, Philippe Besson, Stéphanie Mounic, Marc de Rafélis, Manuel Henry, Valérie Chavagnac, Franck Lartaud, Florent Hodel, Chloé Brahmi, Guillaume Dera, Sofia El Meknassi, Catherine Jeandel, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), GET (GET), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Coastal environment, Open shelf, Intertidal zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Shells, Continental margin, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Groundwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geology, Strontium isotopes, Diagenesis, Oceanography, 13. Climate action
Abstract: To better constrain the Sr isotope budget in marginal domains without any fluvial inputs, we analyzed the chemical composition and 87Sr/86Sr ratio of waters and shells from four locations: two coastal lagoons, one hemipelagic platform and one open marine shelf. Our results highlight homogeneous 87Sr/86Sr ratios typical of oligotrophic oceanic waters (OOW) (i.e., 0.709172 ± 0.000023) in the Pacific Tatakoto atoll and along a Mediterranean shore to offshore transect (~25 km off Banyuls-sur-Mer, BSM). This attests that oceanic inputs from oligotrophic areas remain the main Sr source in open shelf areas compared with submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) or particulate dissolution influences. In BSM, only foreshore data are more radiogenic, possibly due to rainwater mixing, local groundwater springs or more efficient particle dissolution in the intertidal zone. In restricted areas, we report variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios between the Salses-Leucate (France) and Oualidia (Morocco) lagoons. The first one has homogeneous 87Sr/86Sr ratio typical of OOW except close to groundwater discharges. In Oualidia, 87Sr/86Sr ratios decrease by 1.2 × 10−3 from OOW values close to the Atlantic inlet to progressively less radiogenic ones upstream within the interior of the lagoon. These differences depend on several factors including the leaky, restricted or choked morphology of lagoons modulating the oceanic Sr inputs, but also SGD fluxes whose 87Sr/86Sr ratios and Sr concentrations are highly variable according to the nature of rocks leached in karstic aquifer. In Oualidia, the low 87Sr/86Sr ratios correspond to high Sr concentrations (up to 150 μmol·l−1) issued from the dissolution of Mesozoic evaporites, leading to SGD fluxes accounting for 60% of the local Sr budget. Through data compilation, we show that similar 87Sr/86Sr gradients and processes prevail at the whole Mediterranean scale. Finally, we postulate that high coastal water retention times can also account for anomalous coastal 87Sr/86Sr ratios and that the combination of water mass restriction, SGD, bioadsorption and early diagenetic processes could decrease seawater Sr concentrations in some marginal areas.
Published: 2020

66. Benthic-pelagic coupling under juvenile oyster influence in a French Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Thau Lagoon)

Author: Élise Lacoste, Béatrice Bec, Patrik Le Gall, Fehmi Boufahja, Patrick Raimbault, Gregory Messiaen, Vincent Ouisse, Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel, Dominique Munaron, Annie Fiandrino, Franck Lagarde, Sébastien Mas, Myriam Callier, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Marion Richard, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Station IFREMER de Palavas-les-Flots, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)
Subjects: Shellfish farming, Benthic fluxes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, fungi, Phytoplankton, Biodeposition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Coastal lagoon, Oceanography, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the present work was to test the influence of juvenile oyster culture on benthic-pelagic coupling in the French Mediterranean Thau Lagoon. Although the period of juvenile growth induces the introduction of millions of juvenile oysters in the lagoon over a short duration, the effects on the water-column and on the benthic ecosystem are poorly known. Using a multiple ecological approach, water column parameters, sedimentation rates, sediment characteristics and benthic fluxes were monitored on three occasions during the oyster pre-growth period, from October to December, at two sites inside the farming area and two sites outside the farming area that served as reference. In the water column, results showed a significant lower ratio between total phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) and degraded pigments (pheopigment), a significant increase in the contribution of phytoplankton containing chlorophyll-b (ie chlorophytes) to total phytoplankton biomass and a significant decrease in the contribution of phytoplankton containing chlorophyll-c (mainly diatoms) to the total phytoplankton biomass at farm sites, attributed to the grazing pressure caused by juvenile oysters on large particles, as described for adult oysters. No significant effect was observed at the benthic interface during this period, due to the dispersion of the small quantities of biodeposit produced by juveniles in the low water temperature conditions. A multivariate approach supported the effect of juvenile oysters on the water column and revealed a trend in benthic conditions with farm sites being distinct from the reference ones. The long farming history of the lagoon could have shaped sediment properties such that farming areas maintain different benthic conditions.
Published: 2022

67. Corrigendum: Reconstructing Global Chlorophyll-a Variations Using a Non-linear Statistical Approach

Author: Elodie Martinez, Thomas Gorgues, Matthieu Lengaigne, Clement Fontana, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Christophe Menkes, Julia Uitz, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Ronan Fablet, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Lab-STICC_IMTA_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Signal et Communications (IMT Atlantique - SC), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Chlorophyll a, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, phytoplankton variability, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Mathematics, Global and Planetary Change, 010505 oceanography, satellite ocean color, Nonlinear system, machine learning, chemistry, global scale, lcsh:Q, Biological system, decadal variability
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

68. A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

Author: Lionel Degremont, Guillaume Mitta, Yannick Gueguen, Eve Toulza, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Camille Clerissi, Aude Lucasson, Julien de Lorgeril, Shogofa Mortaza, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Xing Luo, Annick Jacq, Bruno Petton, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), ANR-19-CE20-0004,DECICOMP,Déchiffrer toute la complexité du syndrome de mortalité des huîtres du Pacifique pour modéliser le risque épidémiologique.(2019), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ANR-15-NEUR-0001,DeCipher,Deciphering hyperexcitable networks associated with neurodevelopmental lesions(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique)
Subjects: Oyster, animal structures, Virulence, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Pathobiota, 14. Life underwater, Resource partitioning, Metatranscriptomics, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Natural competence, General Medicine, Metabarcoding Metatranscriptomics Pathobiota Metabolism Resource partitioning, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Quorum sensing, Metabolism, Metabarcoding, bacteria, Crassostrea, Bacteria
Abstract: The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the main cultivated invertebrate species around the world. Since 2008, oyster juveniles have been confronted with a lethal syndrome, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS). The etiology of POMS is complex. Recently, we demonstrated that POMS is a polymicrobial disease. It is initiated by a primary infection with the herpesvirus OsHV-1 µ Var, and evolves towards a secondary fatal bacteremia that is enabled by the oyster's immunocompromised state. In the present article, we describe the implementation of an unprecedented combination of metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic approaches to show that the sequence of events in POMS pathogenesis is conserved across infectious environments and susceptible oyster genetic backgrounds. We also identify a core colonizing bacterial consortium which, together with OsHV-1 µ Var, forms the POMS pathobiota. This bacterial core is characterized by highly active global metabolism and key adaptive responses to the within-host environment (e.g. stress responses and redox homeostasis). Several marine gamma proteobacteria in the core express different and complementary functions to exploit the host's resources. Such cross-benefits are observed in colonization-related functions, and reveal specific strategies used by these bacteria to adapt and colonize oysters (e.g. adhesion, cell defense, cell motility, metal homeostasis, natural competence, quorum sensing, transport, and virulence). Interdependence and cooperation within the microbial community for metabolic requirements is best exemplified by sulfur metabolism, which is a property of the pathobiota as a whole and not of a single genus. We argue that this interdependence may dictate the conservation of the POMS pathobiota across distinct environments and oyster genetic backgrounds.
Published: 2020

69. Seasonal Shifts in Diazotrophs Players: Patterns Observed Over a Two-Year Time Series in the New Caledonian Lagoon (Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean)

Author: Saulia, Emmrick, Benavides, Mar, Henke, B., Turk-Kubo, K., Cooperguard, H., Grosso, O., Desnues, Anne, Rodier, Martine, Dupouy, Cécile, Riemann, L., Bonnet, Sophie, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: abundance, nifH, BENTHOS, PRODUCTION BIOLOGIQUE, FIXATION BIOLOGIQUE DE L'AZOTE, BACTERIE, ABONDANCE, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, LAGON, N-2 fixation, New Caledonia, MILIEU MARIN, NOUVELLE CALEDONIE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, diazotrophs, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Coastal and open ocean regions of the Western Tropical South Pacific ocean have been identified as a hotspot of N2 fixation. However, the environmental factors driving the temporal variability of abundance, composition, and activity of diazotrophs are still poorly understood, especially during the winter season. To address this, we quantified N2 fixation rates and the abundance of seven diazotroph phylotypes (UCYN-A1 symbiosis, UCYN-B, UCYN-C, Trichodesmium, Het-1, Het-2, and Het-3) on a monthly basis during two full years (2012 to 2014) at four stations along a coast to open ocean transect in the New Caledonian lagoon. The total nifH gene concentration (sum of all nifH gene copies) clearly decreased from the barrier reef to the shore. Apart from UCYN-B, which peaked at very high abundances (10 6–10 8 nifH gene copies L -1) at two occasions at the coastal station, the UCYN-A1 symbiosis was the most abundant group at all stations, accounting for 79% of the total nifH gene copy counts along the transect (average abundance 4.2 +/- 10.3 x 10 4 nifH gene copies L-1). The next most abundant groups were in order Trichodesmium (accounting for 14% of the total nifH gene copies), Het-groups (6% of the total) and UCYN-C (1% of the total). Statistical analyses reveal that the UCYN-A1 symbiosis and Het groups were associated with cold (25°C) waters, low NOx and PO4 3- concentrations, strong and (mostly) easterly winds. Average N2 fixation rates over the survey were 6.5 +/- 6.7 nmol N L-1 d-1 and did not differ significantly among seasons. The year to year variability was more pronounced with average integrated rates significantly higher in the second year of the survey (162 +/- 122 mmol N m-2 d-1) than the first year (66 +/-91 mmol N m-2 d-1). This dataset suggests that seasonality is less pronounced than previously thought, and that relatively high N2 fixation rates are maintained in the New Caledonian lagoon all year long, despite seasonal changes in the diazotroph community composition.
Published: 2020

70. Microplastics induce dose-specific transcriptomic disruptions in energy metabolism and immunity of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

Author: Virgile Quillien, Jérémy Le Luyer, Arnaud Huvet, Tony Gardon, Lucie Morvan, Claude Soyez, Gilles Le Moullac, Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bioenergetics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microplastics, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, manila clam, Transcriptome, oxidative stress, Margaritifera, education.field_of_study, biology, Pinctada margaritifera, General Medicine, Pollution, biotransformation, Ifremer, Plastics, polystyrene microplastics, mytilus-edulis, Population, mussel, Zoology, panorama, size, Microbeads, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Pinctada, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, marine organisms, ACL, Stress response, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, Marine bivalve, exposure, ingestion, Differentially expressed genes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Energy Metabolism, Energy-limited tolerance, Oxidative stress
Abstract: WOS:000571443200012; International audience; A combined approach integrating bioenergetics and major biological activities is essential to properly understand the impact of microplastics (MP) on marine organisms. Following experimental exposure of polystyrene microbeads (micro-PS of 6 and 10 mu m) at 0.25, 2.5, and 25 mu g L-1, which demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease of energy balance in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, a transcriptomic study was conducted on mantle tissue. Transcriptomic data helped us to decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in P. margaritifera responses to micro-PS and search more broadly for effects on energetically expensive maintenance functions. Genes related to the detoxification process were impacted by long-term micro-PS exposure through a decrease in antioxidant response functioning, most likely leading to oxidative stress and damage, especially at higher micro-PS doses. The immune response was also found to be dose-specific, with a stress-related activity stimulated by the lowest dose present after a 2-month exposure period. This stress response was not observed following exposure to higher doses, reflecting an energy-limited capacity of pearl oysters to cope with prolonged stress and a dramatic shift to adjust to pessimum conditions, mostly limited and hampered by a lowered energetic budget. This preliminary experiment lays the foundation for exploring pathways and gene expression in P. margaritifera, and marine mollusks in general, under MP exposure. We also propose a conceptual framework to properly assess realistic MP effects on organisms and population resilience in future investigations. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

71. A comprehensive review of the brown macroalgal genus Turbinaria JV Lamouroux (Fucales, Sargassaceae)

Author: Claude Payri, Mayalen Zubia, Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau, Lydiane Mattio, Hannah L. Stewart, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cape Town, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Richard B Gump South Pacific Research Station, California State University [Northridge] (CSUN)-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California [Berkeley], and University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Coral reefs, Phaeophyceae, Coral, turbinaria-ornata phaeophyta, Plant Science, Subtropics, Review, Aquatic Science, marine alga, 01 natural sciences, Industrial uses, sulfated polysaccharides, reef moorea island, Botany, french-polynesia, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Taxonomy, Tropical and subtropical ecosystems, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Biochemical composition, j. agardh, Coral reef, hydrodynamic consequences, biology.organism_classification, Brown algae, coral-reef, mangarevense grunow setchell, Sargassaceae, Biological dispersal, seasonal-variation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Fucales, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: WOS:000546220200003; International audience; Turbinaria J.V. Lamouroux is a genus of brown algae of the family Sargassaceae (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) found throughout the tropics, subtropics, and occasionally in temperate marine regions. There are currently 22 recognized species, although the taxonomy ofTurbinariais under current refinement with the advancement of genetic analysis techniques for this genus. EcologicallyTurbinariaplays an important role, as its morphology, life history, chemical and mechanical defenses, and rafting dispersal ability have contributed to its increasing distribution across reefs worldwide and to its role in the phase shift from coral to macroalgal reefs worldwide. AlthoughTurbinariais occasionally consumed and used as a fertilizer locally, this genus is not currently highly exploited for industrial use, but research into the potential ofTurbinariaextracts for cosmetic, nutritive, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical industries has yielded some promising results.Turbinaria's alginate, fucoidan, pigment, and unique fatty acid content may prove useful in medical applications due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Published: 2020

72. Hair Growth Activity of Three Plants of the Polynesian Cosmetopoeia and Their Regulatory Effect on Dermal Papilla Cells

Author: Kristelle Hughes, Claire Chazaud, Jean-François Butaud, Edwige Ranouille, Stéphane Greff, Edith Filaire, Raimana Ho, Jean-Yves Berthon, Phila Raharivelomanana, Gaëtan Herbette, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GREENTECH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération Sciences Chimiques Marseille (FSCM), AUTRES, French Ministry of Higher Education and Research at the University of French Polynesia ED 469Greentech, GREFF, Stéphane, Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, cosmetopoeia, Article, Analytical Chemistry, Cell Line, lcsh:QD241-441, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, ethnobotany, dermal papilla, Wnt, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Organic chemistry, hair growth, Hair cycle, Drug Discovery, medicine, Humans, MTT assay, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, RSPO2, Wnt Signaling Pathway, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, 0303 health sciences, integumentary system, Chemistry, Plant Extracts, Polynesian plants, Organic Chemistry, Dermis, Hair follicle, medicine.disease, WNT5A, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Tracheophyta, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dermal papillae, Hair loss, DKK1, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Molecular Medicine, sense organs, Hair Follicle
Abstract: Hair loss is becoming increasingly prevalent as dietary and living habits change. The search for natural products to limit hair loss has led to tapping into traditional cosmetic knowledge. We studied three plants of the Polynesian cosmetopoeia, Bidens pilosa, Calophyllum inophyllum and Fagraea berteroana, to determine their ability to promote hair growth. Their chemical content was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Their proliferative activity on dermal papilla cells (DPCs) was assessed via MTT assay and molecular targets were evaluated by RT-qPCR analysis of seven factors involved in the modulation of the hair cycle, CCND1, LEF1, DKK1, WNT5A PPARD, TGF&Beta, 1, PPARD and RSPO2. Our results show that our extracts significantly increased proliferation of dermal papilla cells. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a diversity of molecules, flavonoids, iridoids and organic acids, some known for hair-inducing properties. Finally, specific extracts and fractions of all three plants either upregulated CCND1, LEF1 and PPARD involved in stimulating hair follicle proliferation and/or lowered the gene expression levels of hair growth inhibiting factors, DKK1 and TGFB1. Our findings suggest that extracts from B. pilosa, C. inophyllum and F. berteroana are interesting candidates to stimulate hair growth.
Published: 2020

73. Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis

Author: Mayalen Zubia, Christophe Vieira, Hélène Taiana Darius, André Ung, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Nicolas Chomérat, Damien Réveillon, Jérôme Viallon, Mélanie Roué, Kévin Henry, Gwenael Bilien, Zouher Amzil, Mireille Chinain, Fabienne Hervé, Amélie Derrien, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: Morphology, 0106 biological sciences, Zoology, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Polynesia, ITS-5.8S rDNA, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Phylogenetics, Phylogeny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Islands, Microscopy, Pacific Ocean, Dinoflagellate, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Ostreocin, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Malaysia, biology.organism_classification, LSU rDNA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dinoflagellida, Type locality, Taxonomy (biology), Bloom, Chromatography, Liquid, Dinophyceae
Abstract: Among dinoflagellates responsible for benthic harmful algal blooms, the genus Ostreopsis primarily described from tropical areas has been increasingly reported from subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. Several species of this toxigenic genus produce analogs of palytoxin, thus representing a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several species needs to be clarified as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading in some cases to ambiguous interpretations and misidentifications. The present study aims at reporting a benthic bloom that occurred in April 2019 in Tahiti island, French Polynesia. A complete taxonomic investigation of the blooming Ostreopsis species was realized using light, epifluorescence and field emission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses inferred from LSU rDNA and ITS–5.8S rDNA regions. Toxicity of a natural sample and strains isolated from the bloom was assessed using both neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LC-MS/MS analyses. Morphological observations showed that cells were round to oval, large, 58.0–82.5 µm deep (dorso-ventral length) and 45.7–61.2 µm wide. The cingulum was conspicuously undulated, forming a ‘V’ in ventral view. Thecal plates possessed large pores in depressions, with a collar rim. Detailed observation also revealed the presence of small thecal pores invisible in LM. Phylogenetic analyses were congruent and all sequences clustered within the genotype Ostreopsis sp. 6, in a subclade closely related to sequences from the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. No toxicity was found on the field sample but all the strains isolated from the bloom were found to be cytotoxic and produced ostreocin D, a lower amount of ostreocins A and B and putatively other compounds. Phylogenetic data demonstrate the presence of this species in the Gulf of Thailand, at the type locality of O. siamensis, and morphological data are congruent with the original description and support this identification.
Published: 2020

74. Operating urban resilience strategies to face climate change and associated risks: some advances from theory to application in Canada and France

Author: Charlotte Heinzlef, Benoît Robert, Yannick Hémond, Damien Serre, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Mons [Belgium] (UMONS), Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), DEPARTEMENT DE GEOGRAPHIE UQAM MONTREAL CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Sociology and Political Science, Climate Change, Resilience issues, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, Face (sociological concept), Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Development, Urban planning, Collaborative workshops, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, Sociology, Resilience (network), Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Operationalization, 05 social sciences, 021107 urban & regional planning, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Urban Studies, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Spatial-decision support systems, Urban resilience, 050703 geography
Abstract: Faced with increasing urbanization and uncertainties linked to climate change, the scientific community has integrated the concept of resilience into urban management practices. Once revolutionary, now a buzzword, resilience is a concept that is difficult to transform into an integrated tool that stakeholders accept and adopt. This paper offers a perspective on the different interpretations of resilience, its difficult implementation and the tools that seek to operationalize it. The underlying questions are how these tools are appropriated by urban managers and territorial decision-makers, and how the theoretical concept can be translated into resilient urban development. This research paper reviews the work on resilience and investigates its use and operationalization, comparing two different approaches – organizational (Canada) and holistic (France) – that aim to clarify and operationalize resilience. These theoretical approaches have been combined to create workshops for urban managers so they can move from theoretical results to practical applications.
Published: 2020

75. The Impact of Hurricane Irma on the Metabolism of St. Martin’s Island

Author: Popescu, Roxana, Beraud, Hélène, Barroca, Bruno, Faculté d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme de Mons (FAU-UMONS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, lcsh:TD194-195, hurricane Irma, lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, lcsh:TJ807-830, island waste management, post-disaster stock and flow evolution, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, territorial metabolism, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Due to their sometimes devastating and, at the same time, transformative effects, the impacts of major hurricanes on small islands leave their mark both on the way territories operate and on their future development. This was the case during the passage of hurricane Irma over the island of Saint Martin in 2017. By analyzing the stocks and circulation of hurricane waste flows, our aim was to see whether the inherent evolution of Saint Martin&rsquo, s metabolism as a result of the island&rsquo, s total destruction tended toward a lasting transformation of its waste management system and, therefore, toward the territory&rsquo, s sustainability. This evolution was analyzed in a diachronic approach and over a short time frame. It was based on three structuring territorial metabolism dimensions: the intensity of waste flows, the spatial structure of the metabolism and the actors and techniques that explain it. Results show that while the intensity of the waste flows changed durably after Irma, the lasting transformation of the spatial structure and the actor system was less obvious and depended on the waste stream. Results also reveal the importance of reflecting on the development of recycling and reuse methods as a solution for improving post-hurricane waste planning on islands.
Published: 2020

76. Supportive effect of body contact care with ylang ylang aromatherapy and mobile intervention team for suicide prevention: A pilot study

Author: Marianne Pradem, Aurélia Mulet, Stéphane Amadéo, Michel Spodenkiewicz, Ngoc Lam Nguyen, Annie Tuheiava, Nathalie Colin-Fagotin, Paul Pere, Patrick Favro, Guy Beauchamp, Moerani Rereao, Virginie Gassion, Steve Vilhem, Louis Jehel, Michel De Simone, Alban Prokop, Aurelia Malogne, Fabienne Bernis, Pierre Thomas, Pierre Dufour, Géraldine Rioche, Monique Séguin, Guillaume Vaiva, Taivini Teai, Germaine Vanquin, Erick Gokalsing, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Sociétés Traditionnelles et Contemporaines en Océanie (EA 4241) (EASTCO), docteur vétérinaire, Bordeaux, Centre d'Études Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (CEPOI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), EPSM Réunion, Equipe OUTRE-MER (IPSOM) (U1178 Inserm), Santé mentale et santé publique (SMSP - U1178), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Rectorat de Guyane [Cayenne, Guyane Française], McGill Group for Suicide Studies [Montréal, Canada] (MGSS), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Fontan, CHU Lille, Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience [Lille] (CN2R), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Prospective Clinical Research Report, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Pilot Projects, Suicide, Attempted, mobile intervention, Biochemistry, Suicide prevention, Polynesia, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Intervention (counseling), aromatherapy, medicine, ylang ylang, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Cananga, Psychiatry, Prospective cohort study, Depression (differential diagnoses), suicide, Modalities, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Biology, General Medicine, anxiety, 030227 psychiatry, depression, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, Ylang-ylang, Aromatherapy
Abstract: Objectives To assess understudied, alternative suicide prevention modalities in a mental health care setting. Methods This was a prospective study of patients (n = 140, 68 cases and 72 controls) who were admitted to hospital or who contacted an SOS suicide crisis line for suicidal ideation or attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and intensity of anxiety/depression/suicidality (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation) were assessed. All intervention group subjects received a crisis card with a crisis line number, interviews with psychologists or volunteers and a telephone call on days 10 to 21, then 6 months later. These subjects also had a choice between two further 4-month interventions: body contact care or mobile intervention team visits. Results The interventions significantly reduced the number of suicide attempts and suicide (3%) at 6 months compared with the control condition (12%). There were fewer losses to follow-up in the intervention group (7.35%) than in the control group (9.72%). Conclusions The results favour the implementation of integrated care and maintaining contact in suicide prevention.
Published: 2020

77. Description of the unusual digestive tract of Platax orbicularis and the potential impact of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

Author: Jean Noel, Denis Coves, Denis Saulnier, Patricia Cucchi, Agnès Bardon-Albaret, Maud Alix, Jehan-Hervé Lignot, Eric Gasset, Nelly Pirot, Valérie Perez, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vidal Ayouba, Isabelle
Subjects: Mucous, Histology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Teleost, Platax, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Marine Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Absorption, 03 medical and health sciences, Osmoregulation, Aquaculture, Immunity, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gastrointestinal tract, Tenacibaculosis, Batfish, biology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Flesh, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Mucus, Ephippidae, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Digestive system, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 040102 fisheries, Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract: BackgroundEphippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among themPlatax orbicularishas a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due toTenacibaculum maritimuminfection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ inP. orbicularisis still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infectedP. orbicularisjuveniles to then investigate the impact ofT. maritimumon this multifunctional organ.MethodsIn the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged byT. maritimumwere analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference.ResultsThe overlapped shape of the GIT ofP. orbicularisis probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections usingin totohistology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged withT. maritimumexhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.
Published: 2020

78. Tracing key genes associated with the Pinctada margaritifera albino phenotype from juvenile to cultured pearl harvest stages using multiple whole transcriptome sequencing

Author: Manaarii Sham Koua, Pauline Auffret, Chin-Long Ky, Virgile Quillien, Jérémy Le Luyer, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This study was supported by grants from the Direction des Ressources Marines, through the ColoGEN-2 project (#007110/VP/DRM). The role of the funders consisted on a financial support for all experiment realisations., Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: Biomineralization, lcsh:QH426-470, Albinism, lcsh:Biotechnology, RNA-Seq, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Transcriptome, Pinctada margaritifera, Notch signaling pathway, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal Shells, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, Animals, Calcium Signaling, Gene, Margaritifera, 030304 developmental biology, Melanins, 0303 health sciences, Receptors, Notch, Pigmentation, Acl, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Alternative splicing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Ostreidae, Cultured pearl, lcsh:Genetics, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Tyrosinase, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, RNA-seq, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Background Albino mutations are commonly observed in the animal kingdom, including in bivalves. In the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, albino specimens are characterized by total or partial absence of colouration resulting in typical white shell phenotype expression. The relationship of shell colour with resulting cultured pearl colour is of great economic interest in P. margaritifera, on which a pearl industry is based. Hence, the albino phenotype provides a useful way to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying pigmentation. Results Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis comparing albino and black wild-type phenotypes at three stages over the culture cycle of P. margaritifera revealed a total of 1606, 798 and 187 differentially expressed genes in whole juvenile, adult mantle and pearl sac tissue, respectively. These genes were found to be involved in five main molecular pathways, tightly linked to known pigmentation pathways: melanogenesis, calcium signalling pathway, Notch signalling pathway, pigment transport and biomineralization. Additionally, significant phenotype-associated SNPs were selected (N = 159), including two located in the Pif biomineralization gene, which codes for nacre formation. Interestingly, significantly different transcript splicing was detected between juvenile (N = 1366) and adult mantle tissue (N = 313) in, e.g., the tyrosinase Tyr-1 gene, which showed more complex regulation in mantle, and the Notch1 encoding gene, which was upregulated in albino juveniles. Conclusion This multiple RNA-seq approach provided new knowledge about genes associated with the P. margaritifera albino phenotype, highlighting: 1) new molecular pathways, such as the Notch signalling pathway in pigmentation, 2) associated SNP markers with biomineraliszation gene of interest like Pif for marker-assisted selection and prevention of inbreeding, and 3) alternative gene splicing for melanin biosynthesis implicating tyrosinase.
Published: 2020

79. Sources of organic matter in an atypical phytoplankton rich coral ecosystem, Marquesas Islands: composition and properties

Author: R. Galzin, Yves Letourneur, Mayalen Zubia, Pauline Fey, D. Bӑnaru, Tarik Meziane, Benoit Lebreton, Valeriano Parravicini, IRD NEW CALEDONIA NOUMEA NCL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Marquesas Islands, 0106 biological sciences, Coral, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coral ecosystem, Phytoplankton, Terrestrial plant, Ecosystem, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stable isotopes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sources of organic matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this work is to characterize several potential sources of organic matter (OM) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, and to understand how these sources contribute to OM pools. Stable isotope (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of OM potential sources (algal turf, benthic macroalgae, detrital terrestrial plants (DTP), phytoplankton) and OM pools (sediment (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM)) were studied in coastal areas in Nuku Hiva Island. Isotope compositions of marine POM (δ 13 C = − 22.5 ± 0.8 ‰; δ 15 N = 12.1 ± 1.1 ‰) and SOM (δ 13 C = − 19.1 ± 0.9 ‰; δ 15 N = 14.4 ± 0.5 ‰) highlighted that OM sources at the base of the local food web had unusually high δ 15 N values. Potential FA markers of diatoms and/or cyanobacteria (20:5ω3 and 16:1ω7) were found in these two OM pools. In addition, coastal SOM also displayed FA markers of bacteria, macroalgae and terrestrial plants. For marine POM, potential macroalgae FA markers were recorded (18:2ω6 and 16:2ω4). The stable isotope mixing model highlighted the major contribution of phytoplankton to the coastal SOM (62%), followed by benthic macroalgae (32%), whereas marine POM was mainly composed of a mixture of algal turf and phytoplankton in similar averaged proportions (38%) but presenting wide variations. Our results as a whole strongly suggest that pelagic-benthic coupled processes drive the characteristics and properties of OM sources.
Published: 2020

80. Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers

Author: Laura Biessy, Kévin Henry, Mireille Chinain, Hélène Taiana Darius, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Mélanie Roué, Philipp Hess, Kirsty F. Smith, André Ung, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ciguatera, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Gambierdiscus, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, biology, Solid Phase Extraction, Ciguatera Poisoning, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Mouse Neuroblastoma, Contamination, qPCR, POLYNESIE FRANCAISE, Environmental chemistry, Dinoflagellida, Environmental Monitoring, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Ciguatoxin, Cell Survival, Oceans and Seas, HP20 resin, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, PACIFIQUE, Risk Assessment, Article, Polynesia, CBA-N2a, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Humans, Seawater, ciguatera monitoring, 14. Life underwater, LC-MS/MS, WS artificial substrate, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, HTS metabarcoding, Phycotoxin, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 010401 analytical chemistry, lcsh:R, MS, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, ciguatoxins, 0104 chemical sciences, LC-MS, SPATT passive samplers, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Bay, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The suitability of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for the monitoring of dissolved CTXs in the marine environment has recently been demonstrated. To refine the use of this passive monitoring tool in ciguateric areas, the effects of deployment time and sampler format on the adsorption of CTXs by HP20 resin were assessed in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia), a well-known ciguatera hotspot. Toxicity data assessed by means of the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) showed that a 24 h deployment of 2.5 g of resin allowed concentrating quantifiable amounts of CTXs on SPATT samplers. The CTX levels varied with increasing deployment time, resin load, and surface area. In addition to CTXs, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were also detected in SPATT extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), consistent with the presence of Gambierdiscus and Prorocentrum species in the environment, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding analyses conducted on passive window screen (WS) artificial substrate samples. Although these preliminary findings await further confirmation in follow-up studies, they highlight the usefulness of SPATT samplers in the routine surveillance of CP risk on a temporal scale, and the monitoring of other phycotoxin-related risks in ciguatera-prone areas.
Published: 2020

81. Quorum Sensing Inhibitory and Antifouling Activities of New Bromotyrosine Metabolites from the Polynesian Sponge Pseudoceratina n. sp

Author: Sylvain Petek, Florent Tintillier, Merrick Ekins, Denis Saulnier, John N. A. Hooper, Claire Hellio, Céline Moriou, Ali Al-Mourabit, Cécile Debitus, Marilyne Fauchon, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Queensland Museum, ANR-11-EBIM-0006,POMARE,Invertébrés benthiques de Polynésie, Martinique et Réunion : interactions et évaluation de la chimiodiversité pour un usage durable de la biodiversité(2011), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: quorum sensing inhibitory activity, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, acl, Stereochemistry, Metabolite, Pharmaceutical Science, 01 natural sciences, Article, Polynesia, Biofouling, sponge, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Pseudoceratina, Drug Discovery, Animals, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Purealidin A, Bacteria, biology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, antifouling, Quorum Sensing, biology.organism_classification, Psammaplysilla purpurea, Porifera, 0104 chemical sciences, Quorum sensing, Sponge, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, bromotyrosine, Tyrosine, Verongiida, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Four new brominated tyrosine metabolites, aplyzanzines C&ndash, F (1&ndash, 4), were isolated from the French Polynesian sponge Pseudoceratina n. sp., along with the two known 2-aminoimidazolic derivatives, purealidin A (5) and 6, previously isolated, respectively, from the sponges Psammaplysilla purpurea and Verongula sp. Their structures were assigned based on the interpretation of their NMR and HRMS data. The compounds exhibited quorum sensing inhibition (QSi) and antifouling activities against several strains of bacteria and microalgae. To our knowledge, the QSi activity of this type of bromotyrosine metabolite is described here for the first time.
Published: 2020

82. A spatial decision support system for enhancing resilience to floods: bridging resilience modelling and geovisualization techniques

Author: Vincent Becue, Charlotte Heinzlef, Damien Serre, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Faculté d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme de Mons (FAU-UMONS), and Heinzlef, Charlotte
Subjects: Decision support system, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, 11. Sustainability, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Resilience (network), lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Spatial decision support system, lcsh:GE1-350, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Data science, Visualization, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geovisualization, Urban resilience
Abstract: In the context of climate change and increasing urbanization, floods are considerably affecting urban areas. The concept of urban resilience may be an interesting means of responding to urban flood issues. The objective of this research is to propose a spatial decision support tool based on geovisualization techniques and a resilience assessment method. The goal is to localize the level of resilience modeled in different territories. The methodology proposed consists in integrating three resilience indicators applied to a case study in Avignon (Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur Region, France) and the use of geovisualization techniques: using GIS for data processing and analysis, visualization, mapping and model processing. The methodology integrates decision-making by identifying characteristics capable of improving urban resilience and facilitating its understanding using a visual tool. The results demonstrate the usefulness of modeling resilience using geovisualization techniques to identify the potential for local resilience, integrate local stakeholders into a process of clarifying the concept through the contribution of visualization, and consider easier access to this concept based on data analysis, processing and visualization through the design of maps.
Published: 2020

83. Plastic ingestion by marine fish in the wild

Author: Ana Markic, Jean-Claude Gaertner, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Albert A. Koelmans, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Alterra - Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: gut content analysis, Microplastics, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Environmental Engineering, microplastics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, marine debris, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Contamination, Marine debris, Ingestion, pollution, 14. Life underwater, seafood, Waste Management and Disposal, marine plastic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, WIMEK, Marine fish, methodology, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, Pollution, sample size, 020801 environmental engineering, Fishery, 13. Climate action, marine plastic pollution, Environmental science, Plastic pollution
Abstract: Marine plastic pollution has become a prominent environmental issue in the recent years. Plastic ingestion is of special concern, as its magnitude and consequences for marine organisms and potentially humans are still largely unknown. We reviewed 93 papers on plastic ingestion by wild marine fish published since 1972. Plastic ingestion was detected in 323 (65%) of 494 examined fish species, and in 262 (67%) of 391 examined commercial fish species. These proportions are likely greater, as a detailed analysis of the sampling effort and analytical methods used in the reviewed studies suggests an underestimation of plastic ingestion in some assessments. A significant positive relationship (R = + 0.845, p = 0.004) was found between the sample size up to N = 10 and the detection of plastic ingestion. We also found significant differences in detection and frequency of occurrence (FO, %) of plastic ingestion among the three main types of analytical methods: naked-eye, microscopic analysis and chemical digestion. The chemical digestion method, which is also the most robust laboratory method, had the greatest detection (86%) and the highest FO (37.6 +/- 0.6%). To avoid the underestimation of plastic ingestion in future work, we provided recommendations for sample sizes and laboratory analysis.
Published: 2020

84. Enhancement of phytoplankton biomass leeward of Tahiti as observed by Biogeochemical-Argo floats

Author: Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Antoine Poteau, Alexandre Mignot, Laurent Oziel, Julia Uitz, Christophe Maes, Hervé Claustre, Keitapu Maamaatuaiahutapu, V. Laurent, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Martine Rodier, Catherine Schmechtig, Elodie Martinez, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alcen SEAMAR (Alcen) (ALSEAMAR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géopôle du Pacifique Sud (GePaSUD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France, Direction interrégionale de Polynésie française, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Météo France, Direction interrégionale de Polynésie française, France (DIRPF), and Météo-France
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll a, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Island Mass Effect, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ocean gyre, Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton biomass, 14. Life underwater, Island mass effect, Biogeochemical Argo floats, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Argo, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Deep chlorophyll maximum, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Accumulation zone, Pelagic zone, Biogeochemical-Argo floats, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, South Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Abstract: The South Pacific Subtropical Gyre (SPSG) is a vast and remote oceanic system where the variability in phytoplankton biomass and production is still largely uncertain due to the lack of in situ biogeochemical observations. The SPSG is an oligotrophic environment where the ecosystem is controlled predominantly by nutrient depletion in surface waters. However, this dynamic is altered in the vicinity of islands where increased biological activity occurs (i.e. the island mass effect, IME). This study mainly focuses on in situ observations which show evidence of an IME leeward of Tahiti (17.7 degrees S - 149.5 degrees W), French Polynesia. Physical and biogeochemical observations collected with two Biogeochemical-Argo profiling floats are used to investigate the dynamics of phytoplankton biomass. Data from the first float, drifting from April 2015 to November 2016 over > 1000 km westward of Tahiti, describe the open ocean conditions. The second float, deployed leeward of Tahiti in October 2015, stayed within 45 Ian off Tahiti for three months before it stopped communicating. In the oligotrophic central SPSG, our observations show that the deepening of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) from winter to summer is light-driven and that the wintertime increase in chlorophyll a concentration in the upper layer is likely to be due to the process of photoacclimation, consistent with previous observations in oligotrophic environments. In contrast, leeward of Tahiti, the DCM widens toward the surface during late spring in association with a biological enhancement in the upper layer. Using Biogeochemical-Argo data, meteorological data from Tahiti, Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model outputs and satellite-derived products (i.e., horizontal currents and associated fronts), the physical mechanisms involved in producing this biological enhancement leeward of Tahiti have been investigated. The IME occurs during a period of strong precipitation and in a zone of weak currents downstream of the island. We conjecture that the land drainage induces a significant supply of nitrate in the ocean upper layer (down to similar to 100 m) while a zone of weak currents in the southwestern zone behind Tahiti allows an accumulation zone to form, hence increasing phytoplankton growth up to 20 km away from the coastlines. A bio-optical-based community index suggests that the composition of the phytoplankton community differs leeward of Tahiti from that in the open ocean area, with more microphytoplankton within the IME, which is associated with an increase in the carbon export to the deeper ocean.
Published: 2020

85. Population Connectivity and Genetic Assessment of Exploited and Natural Populations of Pearl Oysters within a French Polynesian Atoll Lagoon

Author: Serge Andréfouët, Cassandre Chupeau, Romain Le Gendre, Alain Lo-Yat, Serge Planes, Céline M. O. Reisser, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE32-0004,MANA,Gestion des Atolls(2016)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population Dynamics, Atoll, Aquaculture, 01 natural sciences, Population genomics, Pinctada margaritifera, MARS3D, Genetics (clinical), education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, biology, Agriculture, Biodiversity, pearl farming, connectivity, Seasons, Pearl, Conservation of Natural Resources, population genomics, lcsh:QH426-470, Population, engineering.material, Polynesia, Article, farming, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Pinctada, 14. Life underwater, pearl, education, geography, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, larval dispersal modelling, Correction, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, lcsh:Genetics, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Hydrodynamics, engineering, Biological dispersal, business
Abstract: International audience; In French Polynesia, the production and exportation of black pearls through the aquaculture of the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera provide the second largest economic income for the country after tourism. This industry entirely relies on the collection of natural spats from few highly recruiting lagoons. In recent years, pearl oyster producers have experienced variable success rates in spat collection, with significant spatial and temporal variability in spat supply, driving uncertainty in the future of pearl production. This study combines, for the first time in a farmed lagoon, genetic (SNPs), demographic (sex ratio, age), and biophysical data (larval dispersal modelling) to shed new light on population dynamics, connectivity, and spat recruitment in Ahe Atoll, a well-studied pearl farming site. Our results indicate that the geographical structuring of the natural populations and the contribution of both natural and exploited stocks to the production of spats result from the interaction of hydrodynamic features, life history traits and demographic parameters: the northeastern natural populations are older, not well connected to the southwestern natural populations and are not replenished by larvae produced by adjacent exploited populations. Moreover, we observe that the exploited populations did not contribute to larval production during our experiment, despite a sampling period set during the most productive season for spat collection. This is likely the result of a strong male bias in the exploited populations, coupled with a sweepstakes reproductive strategy of the species. Our results warrant further investigations over the future of the northeastern older natural populations and a reflection on the current perliculture techniques
Published: 2020

86. Assessing functional diversity: the influence of the number of the functional traits

Author: G. Legras, Nicolas Loiseau, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Jean-Claude Gaertner, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique (CoReUS2), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Contrast (statistics), Functional diversity, 01 natural sciences, Index sensitivity, Highly sensitive, 010601 ecology, Trend analysis, Variation (linguistics), Statistics, Species evenness, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Divergence (statistics), Dissimilarity metric, Functional traits, Functional divergence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; The impact of the variation of the number of functional traits on functional diversity assessment is still poorly known. Although the covariation between these two parameters may be desirable in some situations (e.g. if adding functional traits provides relevant new functional information), it may also result from mathematical artefacts and lead to misinterpretation of the results obtained. Here, we have tested the behaviour of a set of nine indices widely used for assessing the three main components of functional diversity (i.e. functional richness, evenness and divergence), according to the variation in the number of functional traits. We found that the number of functional traits may strongly impact the values of most of the indices considered, whatever the functional information they contain. The FRic, TOP and n-hypervolume indices that have been developed to characterize the functional richness component appeared to be highly sensitive to the variation in the number of traits considered. Regarding functional divergence, most of the indices considered (i.e. Q, FDis and FSpe) also showed a high degree of sensitivity to the number of traits considered. In contrast, we found that indices used to compute functional evenness (FEve and Ru), as well as one of the indices related to functional divergence (FDiv), are weakly influenced by the variation in the number of traits. All these results suggest that interpretation of most of the functional diversity indices considered cannot only be based on their values as they are, but requires taking into account the way in which they have been computed.
Published: 2020

87. Seascape genetics and the spatial ecology of juvenile green turtles

Author: Michael P. Jensen, Mayeul Dalleau, Philippe Gaspar, Maxime Lalire, Claire Jean, Stéphane Ciccione, Jeanne A. Mortimer, Mireille Quillard, Coralie Taquet, Andrew Wamukota, Géraud Leroux, Jérôme Bourjea, Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), CEDTM - Centre d’Etude et de Découverte des Tortues Marines, Kélonia - Observatoire des tortues marines, Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Drifting simulation, lcsh:QH426-470, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, MtDNA, Juvenile, DNA, Mitochondrial, Article, Animals, Ecosystem, Connectivity, Chelonia mydas, mtDNA, Reproduction, mixed stock analysis, Green turtle, Turtles, lcsh:Genetics, \textitChelonia mydas, chelonia mydas, juvenile, connectivity, drifting simulation, Southwest Indian Ocean, Mixed stock analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, green turtle, Animal Distribution
Abstract: WOS:000529189000042; International audience; Understanding how ocean currents impact the distribution and connectivity of marine species, provides vital information for the effective conservation management of migratory marine animals. Here, we used a combination of molecular genetics and ocean drift simulations to investigate the spatial ecology of juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) developmental habitats, and assess the role of ocean currents in driving the dispersal of green turtle hatchlings. We analyzed mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequenced from 358 juvenile green turtles, and from eight developmental areas located throughout the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). A mixed stock analysis (MSA) was applied to estimate the level of connectivity between developmental sites and published genetic data from 38 known genetic stocks. The MSA showed that the juvenile turtles at all sites originated almost exclusively from the three known SWIO stocks, with a clear shift in stock contributions between sites in the South and Central Areas. The results from the genetic analysis could largely be explained by regional current patterns, as shown by the results of passive numerical drift simulations linking breeding sites to developmental areas utilized by juvenile green turtles. Integrating genetic and oceanographic data helps researchers to better understand how marine species interact with ocean currents at different stages of their lifecycle, and provides the scientific basis for effective conservation management.
Published: 2020

88. Concise review of the genus Caulerpa J.V. Lamouroux

Author: Olivier De Clerck, Kathryn Lee Morrissey, Mayalen Zubia, Stefano G. A. Draisma, Elena Varela-Álvarez, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Functional role, Chemical composition, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Industrial uses, Caulerpa, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 14. Life underwater, Taxonomy, Ecological niche, geography, Phenotypic plasticity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Seaweed farming, biology, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Agriculture, Archipelago, Taxonomy (biology), business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The genus Caulerpa is highly diverse, especially in the Caribbean Sea, the Indo-Malay archipelago and the temperate waters of southern Australia. Currently, more than 100 species are recognized worldwide. Despite recent advances in taxonomy and phylogeny, there is still confusion about the delimitation and identification of some species due to tremendous phenotypic plasticity. Caulerpa is known to occupy a wide range of environmental niches and to have great invasive potential. More studies are necessary to understand better the ecology (invasiveness, the functional role of its microbiome) and the biology (reproduction, life cycle, and metabolism) of Caulerpa species, especially for economical species. Very few species, mainly C. lentillifera and C. racemosa known as green caviar, have been cultivated. Caulerpa is consumed mostly in Asia and Oceania, but its popularity tends to be on the increase in western countries with new nutritional practices (vegetarians, vegans, health foods). Being naturally enriched in essential nutrients and various health-promoting compounds, Caulerpa species are promising candidates for the design of functional foods and in the health and well-being sectors. The diversity of Caulerpa offers a remarkable potential for valorization with innovation opportunities. Caulerpa farming can bring significant economic and environmental (e.g., bioremediation, blue carbon pump) benefits if these farms are established in a sustainable approach. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2020

89. Macroalgal diversity for sustainable biotechnological development in French tropical overseas territories

Author: Mayalen Zubia, Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, French territories, media_common.quotation_subject, turbinaria-ornata phaeophyta, Climate change, Plant Science, Review, Aquatic Science, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, marine algal flora, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, biotechnological applications, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, j. agardh, Global change, invasive brown-algae, pigment composition, Coral reef, seaweeds, Seaweed farming, coral-reef, sargassum-mangarevense, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, mangarevense grunow setchell, climate-change, coral reef, gracilaria-parvispora rhodophyta, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: This review focuses on the diversity of French tropical overseas macroalgae and their biotechnological applications. After listing the specific diversity, i.e. 641 species in French Antilles in the Atlantic Ocean, 560 species in the Indian Ocean, and 1015 species in the South Pacific Ocean, we present the potential of their metabolites and their main uses. Among the great diversity of metabolites, we focus on carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments and secondary metabolites, in particular terpenes and phenolic compounds. The main applications of reef macroalgae are described in human and animal consumptions, phycocolloids extraction, production of active ingredients for health, cosmetics, agriculture, and bioremediation. For each application, we list what has been done, or will be done in French tropical overseas territories and point out the challenges faced when using this chemo-diversity, and problems linked to their exploitation. Finally, we discuss challenges to develop seaweed farming, their uses in carbon sequestration and resilience to global change, their uses for alternative proteins together with the production of bioenergy and biomaterials. As a conclusion, we encourage the research on the chemo-diversity of French reef macroalgae for industrial applications as these organisms represent a reservoir of active ingredients that is still insufficiently explored.
Published: 2020

90. Genetic diversity and population structure of Tenacibaculum maritimum, a serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish: from genome comparisons to high throughput MALDI-TOF typing

Author: Bridel, Sébastien, Bourgeon, Frédéric, Marie, Arnaud, Saulnier, Denis, Pasek, Sophie, Nicolas, Pierre, Bernardet, Jean-françois, Duchaud, Eric, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), FINALAB, Bio Chêne Vert, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AAP Ressourcement Scientifique F2E 2017 project 'New tools for diagnosis of bacterial fish pathogens'ANRT/CIFRE 2006/0707, ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: Tenacibaculum, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, lcsh:SF600-1100, Genetic Variation, Genome, Bacterial, Bacterial Typing Techniques, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; AbstractTenacibaculum maritimum is responsible for tenacibaculosis, a devastating marine fish disease. This filamentous bacterium displays a very broad host range and a worldwide geographical distribution. We analyzed and compared the genomes of 25 T. maritimum strains, including 22 newly draft-sequenced genomes from isolates selected based on available MLST data, geographical origin and host fish. The genome size (~3.356 Mb in average) of all strains is very similar. The core genome is composed of 2116 protein-coding genes accounting for ~75% of the genes in each genome. These conserved regions harbor a moderate level of nucleotide diversity (~0.0071 bp−1) whose analysis reveals an important contribution of recombination (r/m ≥ 7) in the evolutionary process of this cohesive species that appears subdivided into several subgroups. Association trends between these subgroups and specific geographical origin or ecological niche remains to be clarified. We also evaluated the potential of MALDI-TOF-MS to assess the variability between T. maritimum isolates. Using genome sequence data, several detected mass peaks were assigned to ribosomal proteins. Additionally, variations corresponding to single or multiple amino acid changes in several ribosomal proteins explaining the detected mass shifts were identified. By combining nine polymorphic biomarker ions, we identified combinations referred to as MALDI-Types (MTs). By investigating 131 bacterial isolates retrieved from a variety of isolation sources, we identified twenty MALDI-Types as well as four MALDI-Groups (MGs). We propose this MALDI-TOF-MS Multi Peak Shift Typing scheme as a cheap, fast and an accurate method for screening T. maritimum isolates for large-scale epidemiological surveys.
Published: 2020

91. A Pacific Islands case study: implementing territorial resilience issue

Author: Heinzlef, Charlotte, Serre, Damien, Heinzlef, Charlotte, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

92. Urban resilience: Issues, context and operationalization pathways

Author: Charlotte Heinzlef, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: boîte à outils de resilience, assessing resilience, évaluation de la résilience, enjeux urbains, outils d'aide à la décision, decision support tools, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, indicators, résilience, approches collaboratives, geovisualization, collaborative approaches, urban issues, 020701 environmental engineering, resilience, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, indicateurs, géovisualisation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, resilience toolbox, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Faced with increasing risks, risk management has gradually evolved by integrating new approaches, such as the concept of resilience. An innovative and relevant concept in the systemic approach to risks, resilience is nevertheless struggling to become operational. This term, which has become abstract, is not very appropriate for local actors and often remains at the level of political discourse. The challenge of current research in risk management is therefore to work on the operationalization of the concept by proposing decision support tools. This article presents different methodologies to overcome the abstraction of the concept. From indicators to modeling tools or collaborative approaches, these approaches aim to operationalize resilience concept. However, despite the contribution of these innovative methodologies, the excessive diversity of approaches adds complexity. This article therefore concludes on the interest of a resilience toolbox in the form of an observatory., Face à l’augmentation des risques, leur gestion des risques a évolué progressivement en intégrant de nouvelles approches, telles que le concept de résilience. Concept novateur et pertinent dans l’approche systémique des risques, la résilience peine pourtant à s’opérationnaliser. Ce terme devenu abstrait est peu approprié par les acteurs locaux et reste bien souvent au simple niveau des discours politiques. L’enjeu des recherches actuelles dans la gestion des risques est donc de travailler sur l’opérationnalisation du concept en proposant des outils d’aide à la décision. Cet article présente différentes méthodologies visant à pallier à l’abstraction du concept. Depuis des indicateurs jusqu’à des outils de modélisation ou encore à l’aide d’approches collaboratives, ces approches visent à décortiquer et opérationnaliser la résilience. Pourtant, malgré l’apport de ces méthodologies innovantes, la trop grande diversité des approches ajoute une complexité. Cet article conclue donc sur l’intérêt d’une boîte à outil de résilience sous la forme d’un observatoire.
Published: 2020

93. Crambescidin Acid from the French Polynesian Monanchora n. sp. Marine Sponge

Author: Amr El-Demerdash, Ali Al-Mourabit, Sylvain Petek, Cécile Debitus, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mansoura University [Egypt], Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-11-EBIM-0006,POMARE,Invertébrés benthiques de Polynésie, Martinique et Réunion : interactions et évaluation de la chimiodiversité pour un usage durable de la biodiversité(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: quorum sensing inhibitory activity, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, antifouling, Plant Science, General Chemistry, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 0104 chemical sciences, sponge, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Sponge, Pseudoceratina, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, bromotyrosine, Botany, Monanchora, Verongiida, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Four new brominated tyrosine metabolites, aplyzanzines C-F (1-4), were isolated from the French Polynesian sponge Pseudoceratina n. sp., along with the two known 2-aminoimidazolic derivatives, purealidin A (5) and 6, previously isolated, respectively, from the sponges Psammaplysilla purpurea and Verongula sp. Their structures were assigned based on the interpretation of their NMR and HRMS data. The compounds exhibited quorum sensing inhibition (QSi) and antifouling activities against several strains of bacteria and microalgae. To our knowledge, the QSi activity of this type of bromotyrosine metabolite is described here for the first time.
Published: 2020

94. Biodiversité au Sud : recherches pour un monde durable

Author: Bourdy, Genevieve, Moretti, Christian, Agnèse, Jean-François (dir.), Dangles, Olivier (dir.), Rodary, Estienne (dir.), Verdier, Valérie (préf.), Sabrié, Marie-Lise (ed.), Mourier, Thomas (ed.), Lavagne, Corinne (ed.), Thivent, V. (rédac.), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: HERBIER, BIODIVERSITE, GUYANE FRANCAISE, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIE, COMMUNAUTE AMERINDIENNE, GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, PHARMACOPEE, PATRIMOINE NATUREL, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, SOCIETE TRADITIONNELLE, SAVOIR LOCAL
Published: 2020

95. Near-future ocean warming and acidification alter foraging behaviour, locomotion, and metabolic rate in a keystone marine mollusc

Author: Jennifer C. A. Pistevos, Sue-Ann Watson, Shaun S. Killen, Simon Hacquart, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Rael Horwitz, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Tommy Norin, Ricardo Beldade, Suzanne C. Mills, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University (JCU), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), University of Glasgow, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), School of Veterinary Medicine, (Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), Pontifcia Universidad Católica de Chile, Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales (IDDRI), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stylocheilus, Behavioural ecology, Effects of global warming on oceans, Ecosystem ecology, Climate Change, Oceans and Seas, Foraging, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Global Warming, Article, Juvenile, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Lyngbya majuscula, Phenotypic plasticity, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Climate-change ecology, lcsh:R, Temperature, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Non-model organisms, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Mollusca, Feeding behaviour, Metabolic rate, lcsh:Q, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Locomotion
Abstract: International audience; Environmentally-induced changes in fitness are mediated by direct effects on physiology and behaviour, which are tightly linked. We investigated how predicted ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) affect key ecological behaviours (locomotion speed and foraging success) and metabolic rate of a keystone marine mollusc, the sea hare Stylocheilus striatus, a specialist grazer of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. We acclimated sea hares to OW and/or OA across three developmental stages (metamorphic, juvenile, and adult) or as adults only, and compare these to sea hares maintained under current-day conditions. Generally, locomotion speed and time to locate food were reduced ~1.5-to 2-fold when the stressors (OW or OA) were experienced in isolation, but reduced ~3-fold when combined. Decision-making was also severely altered, with correct foraging choice nearly 40% lower under combined stressors. Metabolic rate appeared to acclimate to the stressors in isolation, but was significantly elevated under combined stressors. Overall, sea hares that developed under OW and/or OA exhibited a less severe impact, indicating beneficial phenotypic plasticity. Reduced foraging success coupled with increased metabolic demands may impact fitness in this species and highlight potentially large ecological consequences under unabated OW and OA, namely in regulating toxic cyanobacteria blooms on coral reefs. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels may lead to continued and accelerated global warming over the coming century 1. The resulting elevated sea surface temperature (SST) (i.e. ocean warming; OW) is accompanied by increased partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2) in the ocean, thus rapidly changing the marine environment by increasing acidity (i.e. ocean acidification; OA) at unprecedented rates 2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indicated that, by year 2100, global mean SST will increase by 2-4 °C and seawater pH decrease by 0.14-0.43 units 3 , with concomitant effects on marine ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are critical
Published: 2020

96. Non‐invasive functional exploration techniques for bivalves with applications to pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

Author: Yannick Gueguen, Sébastien Chabrier, Pierre Lyonnard, Gilles Le Moullac, Léo Milhade, Claude Soyez, Benoit Beliaeff, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Géopôle du Pacifique Sud (GePaSUD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, engineering.material, bivalve, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, Organism, 030304 developmental biology, filtration, Current range, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, Individual animal, Pearl oyster, Non invasive, Pinctada margaritifera, valvometry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Fishery, pearl rotation, 040102 fisheries, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Pearl, respiration
Abstract: International audience; Non-invasive functional exploration techniques can provide information on different aspects of general organism functioning and, unlike lethal or invasive techniques, allow individual organisms to be monitored for as long as necessary. For bivalves, a fairly wide variety of methods and instrumental means exist allowing physiology to be assessed on-line while keeping animals alive and intact. The current range of non-invasive techniques for bivalves consists of systems for measuring metabolic flows and valve activity, which can be used on bivalve molluscs for as long as an individual animal's characteristics (e.g. size) make this technically feasible. In this paper, we present some of these noninvasive techniques with applications for pearl oyster and list other potentially promising techniques. We also focus on a unique method we developed specifically for to record the pearl rotation characteristics within pearl oysters. This article presents the state of the art in non-invasive functional exploration techniques. We hope that the information provided here will be useful to physiologists of bivalve marine molluscs through the tools and applications presented here or other future approaches based on them.
Published: 2020

97. First insights into health issues related to blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya cf. majuscula in New Caledonia

Author: THOMAS, Olivier P., SOLANKI, Hiren, ZUBIA, Mayalen, GEGUNDE, Sandra, CALABRO, Kevin, KAKUE, Georges, ALONSO-BETANZOS, Amparo, BOTANA, Luis M, PAYRI, Claude, Delcambre-Maillard, Elodie, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi
Abstract: International audience; Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more recurrent in the Pacific Ocean leading to health butalso economic concerns among the local communities. Recently, closures of beaches have resultedfrom the yearly occurrence of blooms of a cyanobacterium related to Lyngbya majuscula. The projectCYCLADES was recently supported by the Pacific Fund to give some insights into recent events ofdermatitis associated with these blooms in the Drehu island of New Caledonia.We report the first results on the chemical diversity identified in specimens overgrowing coralsin the affected beach. New linear and cyclic modified peptides were isolated as major metabolitestogether with the known dolastatin 3. Additionally, some modified fatty acids are reported for the firsttime and all metabolites were biologically tested.
Published: 2020

98. Reconstructing global chlorophyll-a variations using a non-linear statistical approach

Author: Martinez, Elodie, Gorgues, Thomas, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Fontana, Clément, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Menkès, Christophe E., Uitz, Julia, Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Fablet, Ronan, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Lab-STICC_IMTA_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Signal et Communications (IMT Atlantique - SC), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, machine learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], decadel variability, global scale, phytoplankton variability, satellite ocean color, decadal variability
Abstract: International audience; Monitoring the spatio-temporal variations of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl, a proxy of phytoplankton biomass) greatly benefited from the availability of continuous and global ocean color satellite measurements from 1997 onward. These two decades of satellite observations are however still too short to provide a comprehensive description of Chl variations at decadal to multi-decadal timescales. This paper investigates the ability of a machine learning approach (a non-linear statistical approach based on Support Vector Regression, hereafter SVR) to reconstruct global spatio-temporal Chl variations from selected surface oceanic and atmospheric physical parameters. With a limited training period (13 years), we first demonstrate that Chl variability from a 32-years global physical-biogeochemical simulation can generally be skillfully reproduced with a SVR using the model surface variables as input parameters. We then apply the SVR to reconstruct satellite Chl observations using the physical predictors from the above numerical model and show that the Chl reconstructed by this SVR more accurately reproduces some aspects of observed Chl variability and trends compared to the model simulation. This SVR is able to reproduce the main modes of interannual Chl variations depicted by satellite observations in most regions, including El Niño signature in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. In stark contrast with the trends simulated by the biogeochemical model, it also accurately captures spatial patterns of Chl trends estimated by satellite data, with a Chl increase in most extratropical regions and a Chl decrease in the center of the subtropical gyres, although the amplitude of these trends are underestimated by half. Results from our SVR reconstruction over the entire period (1979–2010) also suggest that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation drives a significant part of decadal Chl variations in both the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Overall, this study demonstrates that non-linear statistical reconstructions can be complementary tools to in situ and satellite observations as well as conventional physical-biogeochemical numerical simulations to reconstruct and investigate Chl decadal variability.
Published: 2020

99. Assessment of the chemical diversity and potential toxicity of benthic cyanobacterial blooms in the lagoon of Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Author: Klervi Dalle, Mélanie Roué, Mayalen Zubia, Isabelle Bonnard, Mireille Chinain, Louis Bornancin, Bernard Banaigs, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Micro-algues toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marines - ARVAM (Ste Clotilde, La réunion-France), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Cyanobacteria, Ocean Engineering, Lyngbya, PACIFIQUE, 01 natural sciences, MOOREA, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Oceanography, lcsh:VM1-989, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:GC1-1581, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Lyngbya majuscula, chemical fingerprints, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, geography, blooms, tropical coral reefs, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Anabaena, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, fungi, lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, toxicity, Coral reef, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Benthic zone, POLYNESIE FRANCAISE, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, benthic marine cyanobacteria, Artemia salina, Potential toxicity
Abstract: In the last decades, an apparent increase in the frequency of benthic cyanobacterial blooms has occurred in coral reefs and tropical lagoons, possibly in part because of global change and anthropogenic activities. In the frame of the survey of marine benthic cyanobacteria proliferating in the lagoon of Moorea Island (French Polynesia), 15 blooms were collected, mainly involving three species&mdash, Anabaena sp.1, Lyngbya majuscula and Hydrocoleum majus-B. Their chemical fingerprints, obtained through high performance liquid chromatography combined with UV detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-MS) analyses, revealed a high extent of species-specificity. The chemical profile of Anabaena sp.1 was characterized by three major cyclic lipopeptides of the laxaphycin family, whereas the one of L. majuscula was characterized by a complex mixture including tiahuramides, trungapeptins and serinol-derived malyngamides. Toxicity screening analyses conducted on these cyanobacterial samples using Artemia salina and mouse neuroblastoma cell-based (CBA-N2a) cytotoxic assays failed to show any toxicity to a degree that would merit risk assessment with regard to public health. However, the apparently increasing presence of blooms of Lyngbya, Hydrocoleum, Anabaena or other benthic cyanobacteria on coral reefs in French Polynesia encourages the implementation of ad hoc monitoring programs for the surveillance of their proliferation and potential assessment of associated hazards.
Published: 2020

100. Beta diversity of pelagic assemblages at fish aggregating devices in the open ocean

Author: Jan Robinson, Bastien Mérigot, Laurent Dagorn, Marc Taquet, M Koonjul, Adam, Paul D. Cowley, Frédéric Ménard, Y Rilwan, V Mangar, F Forget, Jean-Claude Gaertner, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, FADs, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, species composition, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, pelagic fish diversity, Beta diversity, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Seychelles, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Indian ocean, Geography, Maldives, Assemblage (archaeology), %22">Fish , Mauritius, underwater visual census, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: WOS:000558450600011; International audience; Owing to difficulties in accessing the vast open ocean, the beta (β) diversity of pelagic fish assemblages remains poorly studied. We investigated the relationship between assemblage similarity and geographical distance between anchored fish aggregating devices (FADs), sampled by standardised underwater visual censuses in three anchored FAD arrays in the Indian Ocean—at the Maldives, the Seychelles and Mauritius. The use of two complementary indices of β-diversity, based on presence/absence data (Jaccard similarity coefficient) and abundance data (Bray–Curtis index), revealed that geographical distance between sampling sites (from 4 to 257 km) appeared to have no effect on the similarity of fish assemblages associated with FADs within each array. The results of this preliminary study question the generalisation of the paradigm of an increase in β-diversity with geographic distance to the open-ocean fish community. Large-scale studies using a variety of datasets should be conducted to further investigate patterns of β-diversity in the open ocean.
Published: 2020

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