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Economic openness and globalization are under rising pressure from the proliferation of economic sanctions over the past decades. Data-driven evidence is urgently needed to inform the heated debates about the effectiveness of various sanctions and counter-sanction measures. In this research, we provide a game theoretical framework to model the interplays between the sanction sender and target at different stages of political conflicts. Using real-world international trade data, our game-theoretical framework assesses each country's capability of and vulnerability to economic sanctions and quantifies the feasibility and effectiveness of different counter-sanction measures. Our findings suggest that expanded international trade creates the potential to weaponize economic interdependence for giant economies, imbalanced trade relationships with which is the main source of sanction risk for vulnerable economies. Complete decoupling from these highly capable countries is a costly and ineffective strategy to combat economic sanctions. Bloc-type collective retaliation against the common adversary can be effective under certain scenarios but provides little benefit for major contributors in the bloc, making it impractical in addressing real-world conflicts. Promoting cooperation and dialogue is the ultimate solution to maintaining economic and political stability and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of Society 5.0, a country's economic activities cannot be separated from the progress of innovation and technology, especially intellectual property. Intellectual property is the right to enjoy economically the results of a useful intellectual creativity. The more domestic intellectual property owned by Indonesia, it will greatly support the potential for a better business world in its competition in the era of increasingly advanced economic globalization. This research discusses: How is the potential role of intellectual property in Indonesia to improve the Indonesian economy and how is the implementation of intellectual property legal protection practices for Indonesian economic development. The method used is normative juridical. The data used in this research is obtained through library materials or secondary data on legal rules, legal principles, and juridical norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consensus on industry policy, state intervention and free trade that have been so central to the neoliberal international order of the past three decades has been fundamentally transformed over the past few years. The Biden administration has coined the term 'New Washington Consensus' to describe these transformations in the global political and economic order. The nub of our argument is that rather than being the start of 'deglobalisation', or a turn away from neoliberalism, it represents the emergence of a form of militarised neoliberalism that repurposes and reorganises security institutions and alliances to enable or facilitate global economic accumulation by states such as the United States and China, such that it leads to new forms of regulatory geographies. We contest the idea that this means a shift back towards more statist forms of development. State activism is an important dimension of the new conjuncture, but we see this as the emergence of a different and more militarised neoliberalism. It is not about disconnecting but reconnecting the global economy in a way that favours certain forms of social forces and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many variables affect well-being, one of which is globalization. Globalization has many dimensions and layers, among which economic, social and political dimensions are of special importance. In this research, KOF globalization index is used. This index consists of three economic, social and political dimensions and each dimension has two De Facto and De Jure components. In this study, economic well-being was first calculated with the composite index of well-being. Then, in the form of four model, the impact of each of the dimensions of globalization and their components on Iran's economic well-being was investigated and tested in the period of 1979-2020 with using the ARDL model. The long run results indicate that all three dimensions of globalization (economic, political and social) have a positive effect on economic well-being. Both De Facto and De Jure components of economic and political globalization have a positive effect on economic well-being. Although De Jure component of social globalization has a positive effect on economic well-being, but its De Facto does not have a significant effect on economic wellbeing. Another finding is that economic growth and real GDP per capita have a positive effect and inflation has a negative effect on economic well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous research on the globalization-welfare state nexus has typically been conducted within a linear monotonic framework, focusing on two primary hypotheses. The efficiency hypothesis predicts that globalization shrinks the welfare state's size. In contrast, the compensation hypothesis argues that globalization increases demand for social security, leading to an expanded welfare state. Empirical evidence on this relationship is mixed, with multicollinearity suggested as one possible explanation. This study explores the non-linear, non-monotonic aspects of this nexus using a yearly panel of 10 ASEAN countries from 1970–2019, analyzed through a Bayesian mixed regression. The study focuses specifically on the effects of economic globalization. The results demonstrate a non-linear, non-monotonic relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape, where economic globalization initially expands the welfare state but, after reaching a certain point, leads to its retrenchment. This outcome supports a combination of both the compensation and efficiency hypotheses, aligning with the principles of non-linear and complex system sciences. The study offers a solid and reliable foundation for predicting long-term globalization processes and formulating comprehensive integration policies in ASEAN in the context of declining public expenditures.

This study examines how path analysis of globalization variables can have a direct effect on economic growth. This study uses the Path Analysis method by reviewing the dynamic modeling between Economic Globalization (GEI), Social Globalization (SGI), Economic Cooperation (KEI), and Economic Growth (GDP) for the period 1970 to 2020 in Indonesia. World Bank and KOFGI ETH Zurich Switzerland publish this data. The results showed that in model (1), there was a direct and significant effect between the KEI variable and GEI of 0.792. Then, in the model (2), the F test or joint test between the GEI, KEI, and SGI variables to GDP has a direct and significant effect. Then, partially, GEI has an immediate and significant impact on GDP, and SGI has a direct and significant effect on GDP. GEI is an intermediary variable for KEI to lead to the path effect to GDP, and this is in accordance with the hypothesis that KEI has an indirect effect on GDP.

The contemporary business environment presents numerous challenges for Human Resource Management (HRM). These include globalization, economic and legal environment changes, workforce diversity, technological advancements, and evolving employee expectations. This study aims to identify these challenges, explore strategies to address them, and assess their impact on employees and employers. Utilizing hypothesis testing and statistical analysis, this research provides insights into the significant issues HR managers face and offers solutions to navigate the complexities of modern HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under economic globalization, countries are linked through trade and investments. This economic interdependence creates vulnerabilities. The indirect vulnerability induced by interdependent networks of trade and investments can put a country's economy at risk, but this risk has yet to be systematically quantified and investigated. In this paper, we developed the novel Potential Indirect Vulnerability Index (PIVI) to capture how interdependencies between networks of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) may induce economic vulnerabilities. The model consisted of three main components: a target country (the importer of goods), an investing country (the exporter of FDI), and the intermediary countries that export commodities to the target country and receive FDI from the investing country, serving as conduits of the vulnerabilities caused indirectly by the investing country. The PIVI quantifies the indirect vulnerabilities based on the product of two fractions: 1) the dependency of the target country on commodities from each intermediary country; and 2) the dependency of each intermediary country on FDI from the investing country. We demonstrated the utility of PIVI by examining the US economy's vulnerability to China using 2019 trade and FDI data. Several Asian countries and a mix of agricultural products and raw materials were identified as conduits through which China could potentially influence the US economy. Vietnam was a sizeable risk because, while it has been a primary source of many US imports, it also received about 30% of its FDI from China. The US policy makers might opt to increase diversity in trade partners or to promote investment in countries such as Vietnam. We also applied the PIVI analysis to critical minerals, identifying cobalt, tungsten, and copper as the most vulnerability-inducing among them. PIVI is a flexible metric than can be aggregated and modified to provide a more nuanced and focused assessment of an economy's vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Brazilian economic criminal law within the context of the risk society, viewed through the theoretical framework of the Frankfurt School. It explores how globalization and economic interdependence increase the complexity of economic crimes, and how key Frankfurt School concepts --such as instrumental rationality, alienation, and domination-- can be applied to gain a deeper understanding of these crimes. The study includes a literature review, critical analysis, and case studies to explore the power structures influencing the regulation and practice of economic criminal law. It also considers future perspectives and the challenges facing economic criminal law in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses panel data over the 2006 - 2019 periods, a modified endogenous growth equation, and a dynamic panel estimator to investigate the impact of globalization on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, and how the fragility of SSA countries is influencing this impact. Utilizing a two-step System GMM, the findings of the study show that globalization had a significant positive impact on economic growth, while the impact of state fragility is negative and significant. In examining the role of state fragility, as a moderator, in the globalization-economic growth nexus, the findings reveal that the interactive effect of state fragility and globalization on economic growth is negative and statistically significant. This suggests that state fragility interacts with globalization to weaken the impact of the latter on economic growth. The study therefore recommend that there is the urgent need for decision makers in SSA to chart a new course towards ending the incessant instability associated with the zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As globalization continues to shape the global economic landscape, understanding its intricate relationship with economic growth remains paramount in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of globalization's impact on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa from 1971 to 2019. Using panel data from reputable databases on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), World Development Indicators, Penn World Table 10.0, and Our World Data, the paper explores various dimensions of globalization, including economic, social, and political factors. The feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimation technique was used to analyze data. Findings reveal nuanced dynamics, with social and financial globalization indices showing positive effects on economic growth and statistically significant at 1% significance level. Additionally, this study uncovers the influence of demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law on economic growth. The result of the study revealed demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law had statistically significant impacts on the economic growth of sub-Sahara Africa. In contrast, certain aspects of economic globalization exhibit negative impacts. However, political, trade, information, and cultural globalization had no significant impact on economic growth of the region. It is important to recognize that the absence of significant effects does not necessarily imply an absence of impact, but rather reflects the multifaceted nature of globalization's influence on economic growth. Several factors, including differences in the periods analyzed, may account for the differences in these results compared to previous studies. This study not only adds to the existing literature on globalization and economic growth but also offers valuable insights for policymakers tasked with promoting sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. By acknowledging the complexities of globalization's impact, policy makers can formulate more effective strategies to harness its benefits while mitigating its potential drawbacks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of globalization's role in economic development, laying the foundation for evidence-based policy interventions tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities facing sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does economic globalization affect regime support in non-democratic regimes? While we know a lot about how globalization affects politics in democracies, we know only little about its impact on political preferences in autocracies. I focus on FDI, which has increased considerably over the last decades and affects low- and high-skilled individuals differently. Material risks associated with FDI decrease regime support only among the poorly educated; economic gains from FDI bolster support for the incumbent regime for well-educated individuals. I present two analyses that corroborate these hypotheses. Study 1 uses Afrobarometer data and matches respondents with geo-located data on FDI. To mitigate selection problems, I only compare individuals that are exposed to FDI with individuals that are not yet exposed at the time the survey was administered. Study 2 utilizes cross-national survey data from 14 autocracies. My findings explain why some citizens favor the political status quo, even in autocracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the impact of economic globalization, the internationalization of production and trade has given rise to global value chains (GVCs) and global innovation networks (GINs); however, few studies have explored the link between these two networks. This paper constructs a global innovation cooperation network based on patent cooperation data and then analyzes the impact of different network characteristics on improving global value chain status. Empirical research shows that the characteristics of GINs significantly affect GVC status; the higher the eigenvector centrality and network connectivity, the higher the country's GVC status. Moreover, a higher degree of constraint is associated with a lower GVC status for the country concerned. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals apparent differences in the impact of GINs on different countries, manifesting as a catalytic effect in developed countries and as a disincentive in emerging economies; the effect is less apparent in developing countries. This paper provides theoretical support for the development of technological innovation activities and provides a reference for government departments to formulate policies on cross-border technological innovation cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is a broad phenomenon of economic, social, linguistic and cultural nature that has been going on for centuries, although some specialists emphasize the economic side of this "mammoth" phenomenon, considering that it's most visible effects were not visible until after the 1980s. The 21st century is characterised by wide-ranging changes at the social level - an almost obsessive focus on digitalisation, including of administrations, the expansion of Asian markets, the loss of the main power pole of the USA, and above all the two belligerent situations at the European level, Russia-Ukraine and the war in Israel. In all this context, globalization has taken on new aspects which this article seeks to expose and analyse, without claiming to be an exhaustive study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of economic, political, and social dimensions of globalization on GDP growth in 18 Eastern European countries from 1999 to 2019. Using a Fixed Effects (FE) model with quadratic terms, it captures both linear and nonlinear relationships, with a notable finding of a U-shaped relationship between Trade De Jure Globalization and GDP growth. This suggests that while early stages of trade policy liberalization may reduce growth, significant gains emerge at higher integration levels. The analysis reveals that, although trade activities contribute positively to GDP growth, financial integration appears to exert downward pressure, potentially reflecting the challenges Eastern European economies face in adjusting to financial liberalization. These results underscore the complexity of globalization's effects on economic performance in the region and the importance of considering both the nature and depth of globalization when formulating policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in global interaction between nations, which has positive and negative impacts on environmental health. To better understand the effects of globalization on carbon emissions in Indonesia, the study adopted auto-regressive distributed lag approach to analyze the long-term and short-term relationships among variables and the vector error correction method to find the causal interaction among variables from 1990 to 2020. The study revealed that economic globalization positively impacts on CO2 emissions, while social globalization mitigates environmental degradation. However, political globalization and human capital does not appear to affect CO2 emissions significantly. Furthermore, we found that energy consumption and economic growth contribute to increased emissions. The study also observed the environmental Kuznet curve decreases environmental deterioration and increases environmental sustainability in the region. Therefore, our results suggest that Indonesia should carefully regulate trade openness and foreign direct investment to minimize its negative environmental impact. Additionally, we recommend encouraging the social aspects of globalization to help mitigate CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the positive impact that renewable energy can offer its development is not necessarily and widely implemented by countries. It is against this backdrop this study investigates whether renewable energy contribute to economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) between the periods 2005–2022. The study accounted for the role of information communication technology and globalization in stimulating economic growth. For empirical analysis, this study adopted Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model approach and other batteries of techniques for robustness testing. It was observed that both renewable energy and information communication technology (ICT) indicate a negative and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. The study further established a positive and significant impact of globalization and economic growth in the long run. This indicates the vital role of ICT and globalization in accelerating economic growth. In terms of policy suggestions, this study believes that infrastructural development, incentives among others could make renewable energy more affordable and attractive for private sector participation. There is also the need to provide research funding to develop home-produced technology to improve energy supply in the region, particularly in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geo‐political tensions and disruptions to global value chains have led policymakers to re‐evaluate their approach to globalisation. Many countries are considering friendshoring – trading primarily with countries sharing similar values – as a way of minimising exposure to weaponisation of trade and securing access to critical inputs. If followed through, this process has the potential to reverse global economic integration of recent decades. This article estimates the economic costs of friendshoring using a quantitative model incorporating inter‐country inter‐industry linkages. The results suggest that friendshoring may lead to real GDP losses of up to 4.7% of GDP in some economies. Thus, although friendshoring may provide insurance against extreme disruptions and increase the security of supply of vital inputs, it would come at a substantial cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate theoretically and empirically the effect of globalisation on informality. We use a model with two identical countries. Firms in each country choose to be formal or informal. Relative to an informal firm, a formal one produces a good of higher quality and pays social contributions on each worker. We determine the effect of globalisation on the size and the share of informality from the comparison of Autarky and Full Integration scenarios. We prove that for a given quality gap between formal and informal products, (i) globalisation increases the size of informality for low and high levels of social contributions but decreases it for intermediate ones; (ii) globalisation increases the share of informality for low social contributions and decreases it for high social contributions. The turning points depend increasingly on the quality gap. We then test these theoretical results by relying on the well‐informed data available for Latin‐American countries and using the economic sector as a proxy for the quality gap between a formal and an informal firm. Our empirical results are highly consistent with the theoretical model. In terms of policy implications, they show that globalisation may be used by the states together with modulated social contributions so as to reduce informality, but not for all economic sectors simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying environmental quality is essential for promoting sustainable development and ensuring a healthy and prosperous future for all, as it directly affects human health, well‐being, and quality of life. This paper looks at how globalisation, remittances, human capital, foreign direct investment, and financial growth affect carbon dioxide emissions in landlocked African countries from 1980 to 2018. The study looks at the elasticities between study factors by using second‐generation tests, as well as Continuously‐updated and Fully Modified (Cup‐FM) and Continuously‐updated and Bias‐Corrected (Cup‐BC) tests. The results show that remittances, human capital, natural resources, and income growth all make the environment worse by increasing CO2 emissions, whilst globalisation, foreign direct investment, and financial development all make it better by reducing emissions. The panel causality analysis shows that there are two ways in which transfers and CO2 emissions cause each other, but only one way in which CO2 emissions cause globalisation. Globalisation should be implemented sustainably to avoid irreversible long‐term environmental impacts that deprive future generations of the chance to prosper or maintain their quality of life. It should also empower people and reduce inequality in landlocked countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current epoch of economic globalization, the globalization of higher education has spurred an increasing interest in comprehending global competence. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing a wide range of studies from 2013 to 2023 using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review aimed to present an updated overview of research on global competence, covering various aspects such as its definition, assessment dimensions, research objectives, methodologies, results, and limitations. Most publications define global competence using knowledge, attitudes, and skills as crucial dimensions, drawing from international organizational documents and research findings. However, the review also emphasizes the need for future research to adopt a longitudinal approach and develop global competence verification tools to measure global competence among university students and faculty. By providing a comprehensive analysis of current research, this review highlights the importance of understanding global competence in higher education and its potential impact on students and faculty in an increasingly interconnected world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the causal relationship between informality and globalisation in 30 African countries. It deviates from traditional research by adopting a bi-directional framework to address reverse causality. By applying the DH causality method in both linear and nonlinear frameworks, this research challenges the assumption of a linear relationship and finds that the causal structure is better explained within a nonlinear asymmetric context. This paper provides recommendations based on the identified causal relationships. For countries in which globalisation leads to informality, such as Angola, Congo, Guinea, Gambia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, the paper suggests policy measures to integrate the informal sector into the formal economy. These measures include designing programmes to facilitate transition, implementing skill development initiatives, and establishing support mechanisms for entrepreneurship and small businesses. Additionally, this paper advises the development of social safety nets, improved market access, effective monitoring and regulation mechanisms, education on the benefits of globalisation, and international cooperation. For countries experiencing positive shocks from informality to globalisation, this paper recommends targeted support programs for entrepreneurship, initiatives to formalize the sector, the enhancement of market access, and skill development tailored to the needs of the informal sector. These policy recommendations aim to capitalize on the positive shocks in informality by fostering entrepreneurship, formalization, market access, and skill development. In the case of negative shocks in globalisation leading to positive shocks in informality, the paper suggests implementing resilience-building policies for the informal sector during economic downturns, establishing social safety nets, and adopting flexible labour policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between three determinants – environmental patents, environmental taxation and trade globalization – and the environmental-economic efficiency of 29 OECD countries between 2005 and 2020. Using the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index, this research computes the environmental productivity growth and its main drivers – the catch-up and the frontier shift terms. Besides, dynamic panel linear models are applied to investigate how the three institutional variables affect the dynamics of the computed efficiency indices. Results are as follows: firstly, eco-innovation is the most relevant factor in boosting the environmental productivity growth, pushing forward the technological frontier, and spurring the catch-up term. Secondly, environmental taxation is an ineffective policy instrument in promoting the sustainable growth and technological frontier advancements, having positive impacts only on the catch-up term. Thirdly, trade globalization reveals to hinder the sustainable growth and its two main drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I suggest that economic globalization is experiencing a particularly serious kind of crisis: a "polycrisis." Use of this term has proliferated recently but with many meanings. I propose that it be defined as a cluster of distinct crises that interact in ways that they and/or their effects tend to reinforce each other. This core definition enables the identification of distinct types of polycrises that capture multiple uses of the term to date. These types vary according to the spatiality, temporality, and level of generality of each polycrisis as well as the traits of its constituent crises. The analytical utility of the term, when defined in this way, is to encourage scholars to analyze interconnections between different kinds of crises across various issue areas and to reject monocausal analyses of crisis clusters they study. Applying this understanding of the concept to the study of economic globalization, I focus on five constituent crises that are contributing to its current polycrisis. This application of the term highlights yet another type of polycrisis, illustrating the importance of the conceptual issues raised above. The article concludes with some cautions about efforts to predict economic globalization's future and about ways in which polycrisis discourse may serve political projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates over trade liberalization vs. protectionism have becoming increasingly relevant as the world moves through a contentious era of economic globalization. This is particularly true in the United States, where an elite consensus on the merits of free trade has fractured in recent years. While we know a good deal about the economic and cultural determinants of trade opinion, we know little about how attitudes toward government may matter. Here, I address this oversight by examining the relationship between political trust and trade support. I do this with cross-sectional and panel data from the American National Election Studies (ANES) and the National Annenberg Election Surveys (NAES), and a survey experiment fielded through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Overall, I find that there is a positive and substantively significant relationship between political trust and mass support for free and open "pro-trade" policies. I attribute this to greater citizen confidence that government will pursue trade deals in the national interest and mitigate any perceived risks associated with free trade. These findings help us to better understand the determinants of public opinion toward trade policy and underscore the consequences of political trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the efficiency levels of Indonesian banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2019-2022, encompassing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Efficiency in banking is crucial for maintaining competitive advantage and ensuring financial stability, especially in the face of global challenges such as economic globalization and digitalization. The research evaluates the efficiency of banks using indicators like the CAMEL method, BOPO, NIM, NPL, LDR, and CAR ratios. The study finds that the pandemic significantly affected banks' efficiency, with notable declines in NIM and ROA ratios due to economic uncertainty and operational cost challenges. Postpandemic, these ratios have shown signs of stabilization. The study uses descriptive quantitative methods, analyzing secondary data from annual financial reports of eight banking companies listed on IDX. The results indicate that strategic measures in risk management and cost efficiency are imperative for banks to navigate future uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic globalization and the rapid development of the Internet make logistics systems more and more diversified, people and enterprises have greatly increased their requirements for logistics systems, and fourth party logistics has received more and more attention from people and related enterprises. In order to further study the routing problem under uncertain stochastic environments, this paper considers the fourth party logistics routing problem from a single manufacturer to multiple distributors with uncertain times and random supplies under the complete information symmetry scenario and symmetric transportation volume decision space. Then, an uncertain stochastic programming model is established with the minimum total cost as its core objective, and the total transportation time, manufacturer's supply, and distributor's demand as constraints. In order to solve the optimal path of the above problems, this paper transforms the uncertain stochastic programming model into a classical mathematical programming model based on the distribution functions of uncertain time and random supply. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the contribution that digital transformation and globalization have made to inclusive, green economic growth. We construct an inclusive green growth index leveraging 28 variables accounting for economic, environmental and social performances. By exploiting a dataset of 95 countries and spanning from 2010 and 2020, we regress the inclusive green growth index on variables capturing investments in digital technologies and the degree of trade and capital openness. Findings show that while globalization does not have strong and significant relevance for inclusive green economic growth, investments in digital technologies are beneficial. However, this evidence does not hold for high income countries. • IGGI stands for Inclusive Green Growth Index made of 28 variables. • Globalization does not support the performance of inclusive green growth. • Investments in digital technologies support the IGGI performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the impact of globalization processes on poverty levels in Kosovo. The research findings indicate a significant increase in Kosovo's exports and foreign direct investments, particularly in the real estate and tourism sectors. However, poverty remains a major challenge, deepening social and economic disparities. A comprehensive analysis of the labor market emphasizes the need for policies that encourage sector diversification and equal participation of women. Social issues such as disparities in employment rates and inflation are highlighted as challenges requiring immediate and long-term solutions. The research contributes to understanding the impact of globalization on economic and social dynamics in Kosovo, emphasizing the need for long-term strategies and continuous commitment to address challenges and build a more sustainable and just society. This research aims to be a valuable resource for decision-makers, researchers, and those interested in Kosovo's sustainable economic and social development in the context of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses frameworks for the design of the rules for international trading, assuming that it is possible to have some rule of law. In the Arrow–Debreu benchmark, where there is no economic power and political power is seemingly irrelevant, there is no need for trade agreements—free trade is the optimal policy for each country. But under even minimal deviations from that benchmark, trade agreements matter. We focus on environments in which there are market failures, technology is endogenous, and there is political power. Power dynamics play, for instance, a critical role in the design, implementation, and enforcement of agreements, with the latter being a critical difference between international agreements and domestic contracts and a key determinant of the feasibility and consequences of agreements. With endogenous technology, trade rules proscribing industrial policies may lead to lower growth and greater cross-country inequalities. Finally, we develop a normative framework which may be useful in the design and implementation of trade rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study is based on genealogical methodology and aims to examine the cultural policy content in Thai society over time and its impact on the country's development. The study focuses on the analysis of cultural policy documents, with an emphasis on strategic policies and examines areas of culture that appear in national plans and cultural policies at different levels. The researchers collected data from official government sources and secondary documents. Results reveal that former Thai cultural policies during the period of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram and Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat emphasized nation-building culture and good traditional culture, respectively. However, these kinds of cultural policies, which were often seen as important tools for building and unifying the nation, are now being challenged by modern economic development and globalization, as culture is increasingly seen as an important form of capital in promoting cultural development. The current Thai cultural policies focus on generating income from culture but face accusations of contradiction and inconsistencies. Cultural policies must aim at both economic and social development, as well as harmonize cultural globalization and the new economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the influences of institutions, globalization, and world uncertainty on bank profitability in small developing economies. Consequently, we emphasize the significance of both bank-specific and other external factors influencing bank profitability. The empirical estimation is based on seven banks in Fiji—a small island economy—over the period 2000–2021. Together with bank-specific and macro factors, we account for institutions, globalization, and world uncertainty in analyzing the determinants of bank profitability. The study uses the fixed-effect estimation method. From the results, we observe that bank-specific variables, like the net interest margin, non-interest income, bank size, and capital adequacy ratio, are positively associated with bank profitability. Non-performing loans and credit risk are negatively associated with bank profitability. Macro variables, such as real GDP growth and remittances, have positive effects on bank profitability. Institutional factors, such as government effectiveness and voice and accountability, are positively associated with bank profitability. Regarding globalization, we find that it supports bank profitability. Global uncertainty and the Global Financial Crisis (2007–2008) are positively associated with profitability, whereas the global pandemic (COVID-19) is negatively associated. This study underscores the need to analyze the bank performance with factors beyond those reported in financial statements to derive a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of the complex nature of banking operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of sociopolitical issues, including international wars, armed conflicts, decoupling of economic powers, deglobalization, nationalism, protectionism, sanctions, tariff wars, political tensions, and other sociopolitical forces affecting global supply chains (GSCs) and supply chain management (SCM) strategies. Amidst these sociopolitical factors, the global trade landscape is undergoing a seismic shift. This paper examines the complex web of these sociopolitical aspects, their impact on SCM strategies, and their implications for GSCs. The systematic literature review approach is used for this research, which entails the following steps: selecting and assessing pertinent sources, summarizing and synthesizing the literature, examining challenges and opportunities, articulating conclusions, and pinpointing prospective directions for future research. The findings of this study reveal that these sociopolitical factors have significant impacts on multiple facets of SCM, such as sourcing strategies, supplier relationships, risk management, and overall supply chain resilience. In addition, the study presents a roadmap for businesses to effectively navigate these difficulties, which involves diversifying supply chain networks, integrating corporate sustainability strategies, and implementing environmental, social, and governance factors into business operations. The originality of this research lies in its integrated and holistic approach to the integration of sociopolitical factors into SCM theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between fiscal decentralization, renewable energy, economic globalization, GDP, and energy efficiency is thoroughly examined in this paper within the framework of the BRICS countries. To decipher the intricate interplay between these key factors influencing energy efficiency, we use an empirical strategy that makes use of state-of-the-art cointegration methods and robustness tests. We confirm the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve in BRICS, illustrating that economic expansion might ultimately result in enhanced environmental results. We emphasize the significance of fiscal decentralization and renewable energy in enhancing energy efficiency while recognizing the ambivalent impact of economic globalization. The findings obtained from this research not only add to the current knowledge but also provide practical advice for policy actions targeted at fostering sustainable development and reducing environmental deterioration. Although the research focuses on BRICS, its results have potential ramifications for other growing economies globally, representing a substantial advancement toward a more sustainable and energy-efficient future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has been on an upward trend since the 1980s, consequentially ushering in growth and development benefits that have transformed the welfare standings of many countries worldwide. The Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region, particularly, cannot be isolated from globalization gains. However, the region has been typified by the ongoing Russo-Ukraine war. Given that EECA economies are intertwined with those of Russia and Ukraine, this paper seeks to investigate the relationship between globalization and economic growth in EECA countries within the framework of the mediating role of governance. By employing the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), utilizing endogenous instruments drawn from the lags of the dependent variables as well as the 1st differences of the independent variables, the results reveal that overall globalization and its economic, social, and political facets do not affect economic growth in EECA countries. The paper also establishes that governance does not mediate the impact of globalization and its dimensions on economic growth in EECA. Similarly, governance dimensions have an insignificant effect in mediating the impact of overall globalization on economic growth in EECA. However, fixed capital formation significantly affects economic growth even though the power of its effect is relatively low. Regardless, globalization may potentially be valuable in stimulating trade, investment, and scientific advancements that are regarded as the foundations of contemporary growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decade, world economic development was coupled with disruptive challenges. Among them, digitalisation and new forms of globalisation represent a potential threat for economic growth opportunities and for the future of labour markets. Digital transition calls for the assessment of the impact of robotisation and digitalisation on skill composition, employment levels, productivity and growth dynamics. In turn, the largest wave of globalisation after that taking place before the First World War caused, first, the emergence of global value chains and, more recently, their disintegration with partial mechanisms of reshoring, with consequences for growth and employment opportunities. All these challenges call for comprehensive approaches to their modelling. This paper presents the main advances introduced in the fifth generation of the MAcroeconomic, Sectoral, Social, Territorial (MASST5) model, which carved a relevant niche in the empirical literature on macro-econometric regional growth, and has now been strengthened to model future digitalisation transitions, as well as the national and regional breakdown of the way global value chains will reorganise. A longer time series, especially in the regional submodel, also allows one to take the major changes taking place in Europe following the 2007–08 financial crisis, and the 2020 COVID-induced contraction into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the backdrop of economic globalization and the digital economy, entrepreneurial behavior has emerged not only as a focal point of management research but also as an urgent topic within the domain of family finance. This paper scrutinizes the ramifications of financial literacy on household entrepreneurial behavior utilizing data from China's sample of the China Household Finance Survey spanning the years 2015 and 2017. Employing the ordered Probit model, we pursue our research objectives. Our findings suggest that financial literacy exerts immediate, persistent, and evolving positive effects on households' engagement in entrepreneurial activities and their proclivity toward entrepreneurship. Through the mitigation of endogeneity in the regression model, the outcomes of the two-stage regression corroborate the primary regression results. An examination of heterogeneity unveils noteworthy disparities between urban and rural areas, as well as gender discrepancies, in how financial literacy influences household entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, this study validates three potential pathways—namely income, social network, and risk attitude channels—demonstrating that financial literacy significantly augments household income, expands social networks, and enhances risk attitudes. Moreover, through supplementary analysis, we ascertain that financial education amplifies the impact of financial literacy on entrepreneurial behavior. Our study contributes to the enrichment of human capital theory and modern entrepreneurship theory. It advocates for robust efforts by governments and financial institutions to widely disseminate financial knowledge and foster family entrepreneurship, thereby fostering the robust and stable operation of both the global financial market and the job market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid economic development of globalization and the intensification of economic and trade exchanges, cross-international and regional carbon emissions have become increasingly severe. Governments worldwide establish laws and regulations to protect their countries' environmental impact. Therefore, selecting robustness evaluation models and metrics is an urgent research topic. This article proves the reliability and scientific of the assessment data through literature coupling evaluation, multidisciplinary coupling mathematical model and international engineering case analysis. The innovation of this project's research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the complex coupling effects of various discrete data and uncertainty indicators on the research model across international projects and how to model and evaluate interactive effects accurately. This article provides scientific measurement standards and data support for governments worldwide to formulate carbon tariffs and carbon emission policies. Case analysis data shows that the carbon emission ratio of exporting and importing countries is 0.577:100; the carbon trading quota ratio is 32.50:100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization and its current challenges. It acknowledges the benefits of globalization, such as global growth and poverty reduction, but also highlights its drawbacks, including income inequality and environmental degradation. The text emphasizes the need for a more balanced and inclusive form of globalization. China's proposal for a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization is discussed, emphasizing its commitment to an open world economy and the importance of adapting to the trend of economic globalization. The article also addresses the challenges facing the open world economy, such as geopolitical conflicts and economic nationalism. [Extracted from the article]

The study expects to explore the sustainable logistics management of foreign trade enterprises, help to further adapt to the development mode of economic globalization at this stage, reduce the international trade cost of enterprises and promote the overall trade development of enterprises. Logistics service providers of foreign trade enterprises are set as the research object to analyzes the problems existing in internal logistics management from the perspective of enterprise logistics. According to the relevant principles of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the corresponding solutions are proposed. Through the actual investigation and analysis, first, the main problems of modern logistics enterprises are underdeveloped logistics management technology, low degree of information, low work efficiency and high logistics risk. Second, the enterprise logistics management index is divided into five indicators, namely, enterprise service level, enterprise operation qualification, logistics management ability, risk control ability and transportation location advantage. Among the five indicators, service level accounts for the largest proportion, for 30.23%. Four different service providers are scored, and the highest score is 7.5717, which proves the practicability of AHP. Finally, the optimization management strategy is proposed for similar logistics enterprises. The accomplishment of the study can help enterprises reduce costs, continuously improve the level of logistics management, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of enterprises, which has certain practical significance and can provide scientific and effective reference for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies show a positive association between the rise of obesity in developing countries and globalization, trade, and food trade, but most do not account for reverse causality between the prevalence of obesity and trade flows. Moreover, most studies adopt broad definitions of trade and food trade, notwithstanding the main effects of trade on obesity may pass through import of specific foods. We address these concerns by empirically investigating the impact of food import on obesity in a sample of 116 developing countries (2000–2016) and by focusing, particularly, on processed and sugar‐rich food. This is done by controlling for other globalization‐related factors and by correcting the bias stemming from potential reverse causality through a two‐step approach instrumenting obesity with the average height of adult population. One main robust conclusion emerges: it is neither economic and cultural globalization nor general food import, but rather the import of processed and sugar‐rich food, which contributes to increase obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]