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Increasing life expectancy of the human population has created a demand for functional food with anti-skin aging properties. Skin aging is a degenerative process caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and matrix destruction. Some secondary metabolites isolated from marine macroalgae have been shown to exhibit potential dermatological benefits. The present study investigated the skin-protective properties of the ethanolic extract from Sargassum thunbergii (STEE) via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle effects on mouse fibroblast L929 cells. The optimal extraction conditions for STEE were determined as follows: ratio of liquid to solid 25 : 1 mL/g, concentration of ethanol 40.2%, and extraction time 40 min. STEE was further purified by adsorption using a macroporous resin, SP700. STEE exhibited high DPPH radical and hydroxyl scavenging activity in vitro, enhanced the viability of H2O2-treated L929 cells, and reduced intracellular ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant capacity in H2O2-treated L929 cells were increased while malondialdehyde content was markedly reduced by pretreatment with STEE. The inhibitory effect of STEE on H2O2-induced inflammation was shown by the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, STEE reduced the matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and inhibited collagenase and elastase activities. Moreover, STEE was nonirritating to human skin at 100 mg/mL according to the in vitro skin irritation test using EpiSkin™. Hemolysis assay showed that the hemolysis EC50 (1275 μg/mL) of STEE is much higher than the maximum effective concentration (125 μg/mL) against H2O2 exposure. Our results demonstrate that STEE may be a good candidate for the development of anti-skin aging functional food and cosmetic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution to valorize waste. CPE is an extraction method employed for the extraction and preconcentration of various chemical compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids. As with any other extraction procedure, CPE isolates the target compound(s) from the sample, resulting in increased recovery. One major advantage of CPE is that the extraction is carried out without special equipment or harmful reagents. Moreover, other significant advantages are its effectiveness, simplicity, safety, and rapidity. This review focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from food-based waste using CPE and highlights the important parameters that can be tuned to improve the performance of CPE. Furthermore, the potential in promoting environmentally friendly practices within the food industry is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of employing cloud point extraction (CPE) as an efficient way of extracting polyphenols from peach waste (PW). Four distinct food-grade surfactants (Genapol X-080, PEG 8000, Tween 80, and lecithin) were evaluated at concentrations ranging from 2–10% w/v to determine the efficiency of the technique in two separate PW streams [i.e., lye peeling waste stream (LPWS) and total wastewater stream (TWS)]. Low amounts (2% w/v) of surfactants in a single-step CPE were found to result in less than ~61% polyphenol recovery in LPWS and less than ~69% polyphenol recovery in the TWS, necessitating additional extraction steps. In both PW streams, the single-step polyphenol recovery was improved by 25–67% utilizing a higher amount of surfactants (5–10% w/w), leading to a statistically significant figure (p < 0.05). The CPE procedure was conducted under optimal conditions, including a temperature of 65 °C, a sodium chloride concentration of 3% w/v, a pH level of 3.5, and a surfactant concentration of 5% w/v. The polyphenol recovery was efficient when the CPE procedure was conducted twice. Tween 80 proved to be the most efficient surfactant among the four tested surfactants, achieving recoveries above 98% in both PW streams. Under optimum extraction conditions, the total polyphenol content and antiradical activity of PW extracts were evaluated. The results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two PW streams, with the LPWS having approximately 12 times higher polyphenol content and being more potent, achieving ~64% antiradical activity. Using the LPWS instead of the TWS is a more cost-effective and feasible option for the industry. In addition, the considerable volume of the TWS makes it challenging to handle and demands a correspondingly major amount of surfactant. Considering that Tween 80 is a low-toxicity surfactant and that the CPE method is simple, fast, cost-effective, highly accurate, and selective, the extracted polyphenols from two PW streams could be exploited as natural antioxidants to be used directly in the food industry. These findings could have major implications for the manufacturing of sustainable and naturally-derived food additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review paper examines extraction methods in the dimension stone industry. Traditional techniques, like thermal shock, hammer and chisel, and plug and feather, were used historically. However, advancements in technology have led to the adoption of mechanized methods. Diamond wire cutting is a highly efficient technique that reduces waste and ensures quality. Challenges like high costs and wire breakage remain. Circular diamond saws and frame sawing are explored as alternative methods. Stone characteristics influence machinery selection and researchers have studied the impact on extraction efficiency. Controlled blasting with explosives shows promise and requires further exploration and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture has been significant part of the Indian livelihood since ages. As agriculture rely upon the various aspects such as quality of soil, soil minerals and nematodes present in soil. In the present project of soil nematode diversity is successfully estimated by using nematode extraction method given by Cobb (1918). The experiments were performed on soil sample which were collected from four different sites during the study. These four sites were agricultural fields located in Sri Anandpur Sahib (India) with different crops viz; Site 1: Agricultural field with vegetable crops, Site 2: Agricultural field with oilseed crops, Site 3: Agricultural field with wheat crops, Site 4: Agricultural field with Maize crop. The estimation part of the study was performed at PG Zoology Laboratory of PG Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College, Sri Anandpur Sahib, Punjab, India. The six nematode species were recorded with 100% frequency along with sixteen species of nematodes with 90% frequency of occurrence in all agricultural sites selected during present study. Additionally, eighteen nematode species were recorded with 80% frequency of occurrence in all sites. Apart from this, the nematode species H. indicus and T. hynchus spp. were recorded with 70% frequency of occurrence. It can be deduced from the present experimental program that the beneficial nematodes were present abundantly in all the soil samples of selected sites. Thus, it can be stated that, to improve the soil fertility the ecofriendly agricultural practices would be an efficient approach as it foster the soil nematode diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the extraction and characterization of fibres from the bark of the ficus nekbudu tree. The Ficus Nekbudu Fibres (FNF) was extracted from the bark by retting in water and then treatment with sodium hydroxide solution. The extracted FNF was analysed for chemical composition, physical, tensile, surface, structural and thermal stability properties. Findings on the chemical composition indicated that FNF has cellulose (49.9 %), lignin (13.4%), ash (7.1%) and water content (8.1%). From the physical investigation it was found that FNF has density (1.42 ± 0.005 g/cm3 ) and moisture regain (9.2 ±0.3%). From mechanical investigation it was found that FNF has tenacity (2.56 ± 0.75 cN/dtex) and extension at break (9.23 ± 2.85%). SEM analysis indicated that FNF has rough surface with some surface impurities. The ATR- FTIR analysis indicates that the FNF has Total Crystallinity Index (TCI) and Lateral Order Index (LOI) of 0.52 and 0.41, respectively. Thermal analysis indicates that the FNF are stable up to 250℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kamala fruit (Mallotus philippensis), hereinafter MP, has been simultaneously exercised for the extraction of a natural dye, C.I. orange and its peels were converted into an efficient adsorbent for the rapid removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The material has been characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR),Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy- Electron dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and pHZPC. FTIR suggests the presence of polyphenolic moieties responsible for adsorption, whereas FESEM confirms the porous texture. Optimization of process variables such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature of operation indicates that the adsorption gets modulated by the pH, with a best at 11. The Freundlich model (R2 = 0.994), and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) best describe the adsorption pathway. Dilute hydrochloric acid is sufficient to induce >66% regeneration, which ensures reusability. With the maximal uptake for MB is 30.2 mg/g at ambient conditions, the superiority over the existing materials has been confirmed. Treatment of dye containing industrial effluent suggests about a 50% reduction in one cycle. It can be concluded that both-way benefits, namely natural dye extraction and preparation of a peel-based adsorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution, can be achieved using the kamala fruit peels. Mallotus philippensis, a seasonal fruit, commonly known as Kamala, was employed to serve a dual advantage of extracting a natural dye called C.I. orange from the peels; thereinafter, the peels were converted as an adsorbent to remove Methylene blue from water and industrial wastewater with high efficacy. From 100 g of raw material, 1.7 g of C.I. orange dye was extracted, along with 44 g of peel-based adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity for MB is 30.2 mg/g at ambient conditions, better and more impactful than contemporary adsorbents. The approach is firmly established in the circular economy as a dual benefit agent, generating clean and green revenue through natural dye extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, the extraction method of melanoidins in crystallized malt was optimized by response surface and the relationship between structure and functional activity of different molecular weight (MW) components obtained by ultrafiltration was preliminarily discussed. The results showed the optimal extraction conditions of melanoidins in crystal malt including the ethanol volume fraction of 70%, the liquid–solid ratio of 30:1 and the extraction time of 5 h. All components exhibited similar microstructure, including the same network structure, functional group composition, phase composition and electronegative. The differences were that with the increase of MW, the microstructure was more cross-linked, the number of chromophores was more and the electronegativity was higher. Different structures of the components led to significant differences in the functional activity, including the colority, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities, total reducing power, 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities and the angiotensin converting enzyme (anti-ACE) activity. The results expand the knowledge of melanoidins from crystalline malt, which will be conducive to elucidate the relationship between structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to examine the governance of extractive resources by the state as an axis of development at the national and subnational levels. This study focuses on Indonesia and Bojonegoro Regency as the main unit of analysis. Using the method of historical sociology, this article argues that the institutional capacity of the state in the governance of extractive resources, particularly oil, depends on the extent to which the mechanisms of autonomy and distribution of state power are reorganized to achieve developmental transformation. The combination of historical evidence not only adds to the theoretical understanding of state social power but also contributes to development theory by adding a historical dimension. As a country with abundant natural resources, Indonesia has faced challenges in the governance of extractive resources since colonial times. The abundance of natural resources is not always linear with development outcomes in each period of governance. Indonesia has seventeen oil and gas-producing provinces. However, the resource curse still applies in eight provinces where the number of poor people is higher than the national average. The governance of Indonesia's extractive industries is no longer monopolized by the national government but involves subnational governments. Politically, many local governments have complained that the process of calculating, distributing and reporting oil and gas revenue-sharing funds often creates tensions between central and local governments. Synergies between the state and civil society in the governance of extractive resources are needed to accelerate development transformation. Historical experience shows that the limited distributive power of civil society in extractive resource governance hinders the process of accelerating development transformation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to optimize the extraction process of proopioid and allocryptinine from the root of Macleaya cordata with the aid of ultrasound. The optimal conditions of extraction time, liquid to solid ratio and extraction times were selected by single factor test, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal test. Proopioid and allocryptomine were purified by silica gel chromatography, and the products were characterized by liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that the ratio of liquid to solid 30 mL/g, once extraction and the extraction time 30 min, the extraction rate of protoopium and allocryptomine was the highest, which were 92.64% and 90.93%, respectively. The results of characterization showed that the extracts purified by column chromatography were identified as allocryptomine and protoopioid. The experiment indicates that the method used in the experiment is simple and fast, which can provide reference for the utilization of the medicinal material resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apricots are one of the most important fruits in the Mediterranean region for both their nutritional and economic value. They are widely cultivated and consumed fresh or dried or are used in the food industry for the production of jams, juices, etc. In any case, the seeds they contain constitute waste. The kernels are very rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, a fact that makes them very appealing in cosmetology. However, the extraction of the bioactive compounds of apricot kernels is poorly examined. In this study, the preparation of polyphenol-rich extracts from apricot kernel biomass is discussed. To this end, a common extraction procedure with water as a solvent was employed. To enhance the extraction yield, the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was examined. In addition, the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) either as a standalone extraction method or as a complementary step was also examined. According to the results, it was evident that when PEF was applied before the extraction procedure, an increase of 88% in the total polyphenol content (TPC) was recorded. Likewise, the use of a glycerol:choline chloride (2:1, w/w) DES increased the TPC by ~70%. When the two approaches were combined, a 173% increase was recorded. According to the above, it can be concluded that apricot kernel biomass is a very good source of polyphenols, especially using the proposed extraction procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work the adsorption and immobilization of copper ions of four different Technosols constructed with wastes were tested. These soils were made from mixtures of limestone wastes, organic matter, sand, and bentonite. The methods used were "batch" and columns experiments, where the soils were in contact with a Copper (Cu) rich solution for 24 h and afterwards for 24-weeks. Total concentration of adsorbed Cu, sequential extraction in the Technosols and Cu concentration in the leachates were evaluated. The results showed that the Technosols have high efficiency to rapidly immobilize Cu ions, and the percentage of adsorption varied between 87 and 99% in the batch experiment after 24 h. The sequential extraction showed that the materials used in the construction of technosols demonstrated high affinity for the metal, especially the carbonates and organic matter, which adsorbed 14–16% and 10–16% respectively of total Cu added via solution. However, most of the adsorbed Cu was found in the residual fraction (50–64%), which represented the less labile form of Cu. These results demonstrate that in addition to adsorb great part of the Cu added via solution, the Technosols immobilize Cu in a highly stable form, representing a great option for the reclamation of contaminated-Cu areas. However, the decrease in pH with time (24 weeks) showed a strong influence on the adsorption of Cu in Technosols, influencing the amount of leached copper. We therefore recommend the design of Technosols with limestone wastes, bentonite, and organic matter with periodical control of pH for fast and efficient retention of Cu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petcoke is a solid carbon-rich residue produced during petroleum refining. Petcoke mineral matter is rich in vanadium that, when alloyed with other metals, can significantly improve its properties. Vanadium extraction from steel slags is well studied, while extraction from secondary sources such as petcoke is not well understood. Vanadium is one of the 50 critical minerals identified by the United States Department of Interior. Considering the annual production of petcoke, it is a valuable secondary source of vanadium, especially in places with no steel production. This review paper critically examines the compositional differences between steel and petcoke slags and the various extraction methods that apply to vanadium production, particularly from petcoke, considering the environmental issues associated with each technique. Information on the characterization of US petcoke is also included to identify specific extraction methods for vanadium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several electrode materials have been developed to provide high energy density and a long calendar life at a low cost for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Iron (III) vanadate (FeVO4), a semiconductor material that follows insertion/extraction chemistry with a redox reaction and provides high theoretical capacity, is an auspicious choice of anode material for LIBs. The correlation is investigated between calcination temperatures, morphology, particle size, physicochemical properties, and their effect on the electrochemical performance of FeVO4 under different binders. The crystallite size, particle size, and tap density increase while the specific surface area (SBET) decreases upon increasing the calcination temperature (500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C). The specific capacities are reduced by increasing the calcination temperature and particle size. Furthermore, FeVO4 fabricated with different binders (35 wt.% PAA and 5 wt.% PVDF) and their electrochemical performance for LIBs was explored regarding the effectiveness of the PAA binder. FV500 (PAA and PVDF) initially delivered higher discharge/charge capacities of 1046.23/771.692 mAhg−1 and 1051.21/661.849 mAhg−1 compared to FV600 and FV700 at the current densities of 100 mAg−1, respectively. The intrinsic defects and presence of oxygen vacancy along with high surface area and smaller particle sizes efficiently enhanced the ionic and electronic conductivities and delivered high discharge/charge capacities for FeVO4 as an anode for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agaricus blazei murrill (ABM), a large fungus, is reported to have extensive biological activities but the antioxidant and immune-regulatory capacities have been less studied and the components responsible for the functions are unclear. This study prepared ABM peptides (ABMP) using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) strategy and cascade ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technology. The UAEE extraction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with four factors and three levels to achieve the maximum ABMP yield (34.03%); the optimal conditions were an enzyme amount of 4%, ratio of ABM to water of 1:30, ultrasonic power of 360 W, and ultrasonic time of 30 min. Four ABMP fractions were obtained after UF with different pore size and their antioxidant and immune-regulatory abilities were evaluated and compared. The results showed that they could effectively scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, especially for ABMP-2; the scavenging rate of the above radicals were 79.31%, 63.60%, and 96.08%, respectively. In addition, four ABMP fractions also activated macrophage activity through strengthening phagocytosis and the production of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the ABMP-2 fraction with a MW of 3–5 kDa and peptide purity of 82.88% was found to have the best effect, showing the maximum phagocytosis (189.37%) as well as NO (7.98 μM), IL-6 (195.05 pg/mL), IL-1β (876.15 pg/mL), and TNF-α (1620 pg/mL) secretion at a treatment concentration of 150 μg/mL. The findings indicated that the ABMP, especially for the separate ABMP-2, could be used as dietary supplements and have the potential to be exploited as immune-enhancing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a waste landscape in the Marston Vale, Bedfordshire, UK, consisting of a range of landfill hills. The hills originated as vast holes in the ground created by clay extraction, which presented suitable receptacles for the dumping of landfill waste. Although of much larger scale than evidence normally dealt with by archaeologists, these are treated here as archaeological features within an archaeological landscape. While other papers deal with important aspects of political ecology of waste landscapes, the present focus is on the upscaling of methods that is necessary to cope with such mega-scale contemporary waste landscapes, in order to make them more susceptible to archaeological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the study of the process of subcritical water extraction of soybean meal and the influence of extraction parameters on the properties of liquid and dry extracts. The aim of the study is to establish the influence of the parameters of the process of subcritical water extraction (temperature: 120-160 °С, duration of extraction: 5...15 min, hydromodulus: 1: 15...25) on the properties of liquid and dry extracts of soybean meal and their optimal values. An empirical method was used to establish the nature of the dependence of the indicators of extracts on the parameters of the extraction process. It is assumed that in the studied ranges of extraction parameters, the dependence of the extract indicators corresponds to a quadratic model. To determine the coefficients of the interpolation model, it was planned to conduct a fractional-factorial experiment 33-1 on an orthogonal compositional plan of the 2nd order. Liquid extracts were obtained in a laboratory facility based on a high pressure reactor. Dry extracts were obtained by evaporation. For liquid extracts, the pH and solids content were determined. For dry extracts, the content of minerals, residual water, protein, and isoflavones was determined. Extracts were analyzed by instrumental methods in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine using modern equipment. On the basis of the results obtained, the coefficients of quadratic interpolation models were established, the analysis of which made it possible to establish the optimal extraction parameters that ensure the maximum values of the extracts. It was found that in the studied ranges of duration and temperature of extraction, the content of solids in liquid extracts and protein in dry extracts have maxima, however, their value increased monotonously with an increase in the proportion of water in the extraction mixture. The content of mineral substances had a maximum only in temperature, and isoflavones in the duration of extraction. The results obtained can be used to improve the technology for obtaining protein soy concentrates and isolates using the method of subcritical water extraction. Due to the environmental friendliness of this extraction technology, the obtained extracts can be directly used to increase the nutritional value of various food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energetic disorder σ describes the energy state distribution in organic semiconducting materials. In organic solar cells (OSCs), energetic disorder is an important parameter for evaluating the charge transport behavior, and it is strongly correlated with the device performance. Thus far, a widely used approach for extracting energetic disorder values in OSCs is the Gaussian disorder model (GDM), in which the disorder values can be extracted by fitting the slope of ln μ ∼ 1 /T², where μ is the charge mobility and T is the temperature. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of the percolation approach to evaluate the energetic disorder values in OSCs and compare them with the data obtained using the GDM approach. Two typical non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films, with PTB7-Th:ITIC and PM6:Y6, were selected as the model systems. When the percolation models were adopted in the two BHJ films, the energetic disorder values extracted from the Grünewald/Thomas and Nenashev percolation models gave similar results for electron transport in the PTB7-Th:ITIC and PM6:Y6 BHJ films. This work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of microresistance analysis in BHJ systems and the application potential of the percolation model for extracting energetic disorders in OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research deals with the preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO) from Graphite using Hummers method and then reduction of GO by three different methods (local olive leaf extract method, pure oleic acid method and sodium hypochlorite - urea in an alkaline medium method). The reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) was analysed by infrared FTIR in the range of 400-4000 cm-1, and it was found that there are functional groups of oxygen such as epoxy group, and carbonyl group. Then rGO was analysed by UV-VIS spectroscopy in the range of 200-800 nm. Also, the structure and particle size of these sheets were studied by FESEM and EDX. It was revealed that the dimensions of the formed rGO by local olive leaf were within 500 nm-20 µm, while the reduction by chemical method in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and urea in an alkaline medium led in to a particle size in the range of 200 nm-2µm. Based on the EDX result, the GO composition is 53.22% carbon and 29.67% oxygen. The best method for synthesize of rGO was pure oleic acid method at temperature of 440º with a heating rate of 2.3/min. In this method, the particles were in the range of 200 nm-2 µm and based on EDX results, they were composed of 72.04% carbon and 24.32% oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a method for the ultrasonic extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll from Scenedesmus obliquus and Arthrospira platensis microalgae with green solvents. Ethanol and ethanolic solutions of ionic liquids were tested with a variety of extraction parameters, including number of extractions, time of extraction, and solid–liquid ratio R(S/L), to determine the optimal conditions. After selecting the most effective green solvent (ethanol), the process conditions were established: R (S/L) of 1:10, three extraction cycles at 3 min each), giving an extraction yield of 2602.36 and 764.21 μg carotenoids.g dried biomass −1; and 22.01 and 5.81 mg chlorophyll.g dried biomass −1 in S. obliquus and A. platensis , respectively. The carotenoid and chlorophyll extracts obtained using ethanol were shown to be potent scavengers of peroxyl radical, being 5.94 to 26.08 times more potent α-tocopherol. These findings pave the way for a green strategy for valorizing microalgal biocompounds through efficient and environmentally friendly technological processes. [Display omitted] • Ethanol and ionic liquids for extracting carotenoids and chlorophyll from microalgae. • Green solvent plus UAE increase extraction speed and extracts with better yield. • Extraction with green solvent provided greater antioxidant activity of the compounds. • Ultrasound in the extraction of bioactive components shown great potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the "LAS 260 H/Ex," a device introduced by ULT for the extraction and filtration of hazardous and combustible laser dust generated during laser processing of plastics and metals.

• Leveraging P in EPS to manipulate its properties and industrial applications. • P-fractionation lab protocol and 31P NMR were used to evaluate P species in EPS. • Organic P is the most dominant P species in EPS extracted from aerobic granular sludge. • Orthophosphates (Free O-P and NAIP) are the second dominant P species in this EPS. • The ultimate goal is to engineer and design EPS for industry. Wastewater treatment technologies opened the door for recovery of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), presenting novel opportunities for use across diverse industrial sectors. Earlier studies showed that a significant amount of phosphorus (P) is recovered within extracted EPS. P recovered within the extracted EPS is an intrinsic part of the recovered material that potentially influences its properties. Understanding the P speciation in extracted EPS lays the foundation for leveraging the incorporated P in EPS to manipulate its properties and industrial applications. This study evaluated P speciation in EPS extracted from aerobic granular sludge (AGS). A fractionation lab protocol was established to consistently distinguish P species in extracted EPS liquid phase and polymer chains. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used as a complementary technique to provide additional information on P speciation and track changes in P species during the EPS extraction process. Findings showed the dominance of organic phosphorus and orthophosphates within EPS, besides other minor fractions. On average, 25% orthophosphates in the polymer liquid phase, 52% organic phosphorus (equal ratio of mono and diesters) covalently bound to the polymer chains, 16% non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) precipitates mainly FeP and AlP, and 7% pyrophosphates (6% in the liquid phase and 1% attached to the polymer chains) were identified. Polyphosphates were detected in initial AGS but hydrolyzed to orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, and possibly organic P (forming new esters) during the EPS extraction process. The knowledge created in this study is a step towards the goal of EPS engineering, manipulating P chemistry along the extraction process and enriching certain P species in EPS based on target properties and industrial applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]