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Before decommissioning of the TEXTOR tokamak in 2013, the machine was conditioned with a comprehensive migration experiment where MoF6 and 15N2 were injected on the very last operation day. Thereafter, all plasma-facing components (PFCs) were available for extensive studies of both local and global migration of impurities – Mo, W, Inconel alloy constituents, 15 N, F – and fuel retention studies. Measurements were performed on 140 limiter tiles out of 864 throughout the whole machine to map global transport. One fifth of the introduced molybdenum could be found. Wherever possible, the findings are compared to results obtained previously in other machines. This review incorporates both published and unpublished results from this TEXTOR study and combines findings with analytical methods as well as modelling results from two codes, ERO and ASCOT. The main findings are: • Both local and global molybdenum transport can be explained by toroidal plasma flow and E⇀×B⇀ drift. The suggested transport scheme for molybdenum holds also for other analysed species, namely tungsten from previous experiments and medium-Z metals (Cr-Cu) introduced on various occasions. • Analytical interpretation of several deposition profile features is possible with basic geometrical and plasma physics considerations. These are deposition profiles on the collector probe, the lower part of the inner bumper limiter, the poloidal cross-section of the inner bumper limiter, and the poloidal limiter. • Any deposition pattern found in this TEXTOR study, including fuel retention, has neither poloidal nor toroidal symmetry, which is often assumed when determining deposition profiles on global scale. • Fuel retention is highly inhomogeneous due to local variation of plasma parameters – by auxiliary heating systems and impurity injection – and PFC temperature. • Local modelling with ERO yields good qualitative agreement but too high local deposition efficiency. • Global modelling with ASCOT shows that the radial electric field and source form have a high impact on global deposition patterns, while toroidal flow has little influence. Some of the experimental findings could be reproduced. Still, qualitative differences between simulated and experimental global deposition patterns remain.The review closes with lessons learnt during this extensive TEXTOR study which might be helpful for future scientific exploitation of other tokamaks to be decommissioned. Keywords: Global migration, Tokamak, high-Z material, Molybdenum, Modelling, ASCOT, ERO, Fuel retention, Deposition

Submitted by Rone Aparecido De Grandis (r.grandis@unesp.br) on 2020-02-27T15:06:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 De Grandis, R.A TESE DOUTORADO Parcial.pdf: 30092581 bytes, checksum: ee97ab91796e9ff067dabfac22b69bd7 (MD5) De Grandis, R.A TESE DOUTORADO completa.pdf: 30015778 bytes, checksum: 52d8bef3820e01687dbadd958aca422b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Irani Coito (irani@fcfar.unesp.br) on 2020-02-27T22:58:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 de grandis_ra_dr_arafcf_par.pdf: 30165088 bytes, checksum: f91c8912193f32afc38ce362441c6db3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-27T22:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 de grandis_ra_dr_arafcf_par.pdf: 30165088 bytes, checksum: f91c8912193f32afc38ce362441c6db3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-29 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Recentemente, complexos de rutênio têm ocupado lugar de destaque na busca por novas terapias anticâncer em razão de sua potencialidade de ação, seletividade em tecido tumoral e toxicidade inferior aos complexos de platina, atualmente utilizados na clínica. A diversidade de seus ligantes é fundamental para que esses metalofármacos atinjam múltiplos alvos biológicos e assim, superem as limitações das terapias existentes. Uma abordagem para moléculas multialvo é a combinação de ligantes bioativos com propriedades antitumorais comprovadas, como os derivados de naftoquinonas naturais. Baseados nisso, esse estudo propôs a avaliação e caracterização das propriedades toxicogenéticas e antitumorais de oito novos complexos de rutênio contendo os ligantes naturais lapachol e lausona. De maneira geral, a série de complexos fosfínicos apresentou satisfatória atividade antiproliferativa frente a diferentes linhagens celulares tumorais, em especial para células derivadas de carcinoma de próstata. Os valores de IC50 desses complexos foram consideravelmente menores do que os valores encontrados para a cisplatina, no qual foi observada atividade até 28 vezes mais seletiva, em relação a esse fármaco. Além disso, os ensaios de eficiência clonogênica sugerem que a substituição do ligante bipy pela phen aumenta a atividade dos compostos, induzindo a perda da clonogenicidade das células tumorais de próstata DU-145. Os complexos fosfínicos também apresentaram atividade antiproliferativa em modelos celulares em três dimensões (3D). Nesses ensaios, os complexos contendo o ligante lapachol demonstraram atividade citotóxica independente do estado de hipóxia encontrado no interior dos esferoides. Ademais, os resultados indicam que o complexo DP-LP é capaz de permear através do esferoide tumoral e desestabilizar as agregações celulares, resultando na perturbação das interações célula-matriz. De fato, o complexo DP-LP desencadeia apoptose em células DU-145 acompanhado de um acúmulo de células na fase G2/M, o que é consistente com a inibição da atividade da proteína AURORA-B. O mecanismo central relacionado com esses efeitos é de que a presença do lapachol no complexo DP-LP promova a geração de espécies reativas intracelulares que podem causar danos ao DNA. A fragmentação do DNA, evidenciada pelo ensaio do cometa pode ativar sistemas de reparos de DNA que mantém as células no checkpoint G2/M devido a diminuição da expressão do gene AURKB. Além disso, os danos ao DNA configuram o estímulo que desencadeia a ativação de caspases que conduz as células DU-145 à apoptose. Em suma, os resultados encontrados neste estudo contribuem para a seleção e elucidação das propriedades antiproliferativas e citotóxicas de novos compostos, demonstrando que a coordenação do lapachol em complexos fosfínicos de rutênio(II) possibilita a formação de complexos com potencial de impacto na área de saúde tendo como alvo o tratamento do câncer. Recently, ruthenium complexes have occupied a leading position in the search for new anti-cancer therapies due to their potential of action, selectivity in tumor tissues and less toxicity compared to current platinum complexes. The diversity of ligands is crucial for these complexes to reach multiple biological targets and thus, overcome the limitation of contemporary therapies. One approach for multi-target molecules is the combination of bioactive ligands with recognized antitumor properties, such as natural naphthoquinones. Based on this, this study had proposed the evaluation and characterization of toxicogenetics and antitumor properties of eight new ruthenium complexes containing the natural ligands lapachol and lawsone. In general, the phosphinic series showed satisfactory antiproliferative activity against different cell lines, especially prostate carcinoma-derived cells. The IC50 values of these complexes were considerably lower than the values found for cisplatin. Furthermore, it was observed up to 28-fold selective for the complexes than cisplatin. Also, clonogenic assay suggests that the replacement of bipy ligand for phen increases the compound activity, inducing loss of DU-145 cells clonogenicity. Phosphinic complexes also described antiproliferative activities in three-dimensional (3D) cell models. In these assays, the lapachol-complexes have demonstrated cytotoxic activity independent of the hypoxia found in the spheroids. Besides, the results suggest that the DP-LP complex goes through the spheroid and destabilizes the cell aggregates, resulting in disruption of matrix-cell interactions. The DP-LP complex triggers apoptosis in DU-145 cells accompanied by an increase of cells in the G2 / M phase, which is consistent with the inhibition of AURORA-B protein activity. The central mechanism related to these effects is the presence of lapachol in DP-LP, which promotes the generation of intracellular reactive species that can cause DNA damage. DNA fragmentation, evidenced by comet assay, could activate the DNA repair systems that maintain the cells in the G2 / M checkpoint, due to a decrease of the AURKB gene expression. Also, DNA damage could activate caspases that conducted the DU-145 cells to apoptosis. In summary, the results found in this study contributed to the selection and elucidation of antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of new compounds. We demonstrate the coordination of lapachol in a phosphinic ruthenium complex allowed the formation of compounds with potential impact in health targeting cancer treatment. FAPESP: 16/22429-7

Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman aiheena on miesten kokemukset erosta ja eropalveluista. Tutkielmani miehet kertovat kokemuksistaan omasta näkökulmastaan käsin ja kyseessä on kokemuksen tutkimukseen nojaava hermeneuttis-fenomenologinen tutkimus. Aihe on tärkeä, sillä pitkälti yli 13 000 avioliittoa sekä arviolta tuhansia avoliittoja purkautuu vuosittain, ja monet eroon kytkeytyvät ilmiöt voidaan nähdä sosiaalisina ongelmina. Sosiaalityössä puolestaan pyritään 2020-luvulla asiakaslähtöiseen työskentelytapaan, jossa asiakkaidet omat näkemykset nähdään tärkeinä, joten siksi on tärkeää tutkia eroa myös kokemuksellisena ilmiönä. Tutkimuskysymykseni ovat seuraavat: 1) millaisia erokokemuksia miehillä on ja 2) millaista apua miehet kokevat tarvitsevansa erossa. Tutkielmani teoreettinen tausta pohjautuu sukupuolentutkimukseen ja erityisesti sosiaalisen, kulttuurisesti muovautuvan sukupuolen merkitykseen sekä ihmisen arkielämässä että auttamisammateissa ja viranomaiskäytännöissä. Erityisesti suomalaisessa, tasa-arvoajatteluun vahvasti pohjaavassa sosiaalityössä sukupuolta on pyritty pitkään häivyttämään taustalle tai jopa kokonaan pois työskentelystä, ja tällainen lähestymistapa saattaa jättää miesasiakkaiden tarpeet näkymättömiin. Tutkielmassani olen myös esitellyt aikaisempaa erotutkimusta sukupuolinäkökulmasta. Tutkielmani aineisto on kerätty sähköisellä lomakkeella ja kyselyyn vastasi 48 miestä. Vastaajat olivat iältään 26–65-vuotiaita; suurin osa vastaajista sijoittui 26-45 -vuotiaiden haarukkaan. Enemmistö vastaajista oli eronnut suhteellisen pitkistä avioliitosta 1–5 vuotta sitten. Tutkielman aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysilla. Tutkimustulokset miesten kokemuksista tuovat ilmi, että aloite eroon on koettu tulevan useimmiten ex-puolisolta ja yleisimpänä erosyynä ovat miesten kokemusten mukaan ex-puolison uskottomuus, erilleen kasvaminen ja mielenterveysongelmat. Suurimmalla osalla on vaikeistakin kokemuksista huolimatta hyvät välit ex-puolisoonsa ja miehet kokevat välien parantuneen ajan kuluessa. Erityisen vaikeana eroon liittyvänä seikkana miehet nostavat esiin lasten huoltajuuteen ja tapaamiseen liittyvän problematiikan, jonka osalta monet kokevat epätasa-arvoa. Eroon saatuun apuun liittyen tulokset osoittavat, että suurin osa miehistä kokee saaneensa erossa apua ystäviltä ja toiseksi eniten ammattilaisilta. Kun miehet kuvailevat sitä, miten tuki on heitä auttanut, on tunnesanasto vähäistä. Suuri enemmistö vastaajista kokee tarvetta mieserityisille tukipalveluille ja peräänkuuluttaa tuen tarvetta erityisesti tunteiden käsittelyssä sekä lasten huoltajuus- ja tapaamisasioissa neuvomiselle. Tuloksista voi päätellä, että suurin osa miehistä selviytyy eron aiheuttamasta kriisistä hyvin, mutta osa jää vaille tarpeenmukaista tukea sekä lähipiiriltä että ammattilaisilta. Mielikuva siitä, että viranomaiset suosivat naisia ja äitejä ratkaisuissaan, elää edelleen vahvasti miesten ajattelussa. Tutkimusta ammattilaisten mahdollisesti sukupuolittuneista asenteista sekä uudistetun lapsenhuoltolain vaikutuksista perheoikeudellisiin ratkaisuihin erotilanteessa tarvitaan lisää.

Tutkimus kuvaa vanhempien ja viranomaisten käsityksiä vuoroasumisesta sopimisesta ja sen periaatteista. Aineistoina ovat vuoroasumista toteuttavien vanhempien haastattelut (14 kpl) sekä sosiaalitoimen käräjäoikeuden pyynnöstä laatimat lasten huoltoa ja tapaamisoikeutta koskevat olosuhdeselvitykset. Metodologisena viitekehyksenä on fenomenografia. Tutkimuksen mukaan vanhempien ja viranomaisten käsitykset vuoroasumisesta ja siitä sopimisesta voidaan jakaa kolmeen kuvauskategoriaan, jotka ovat (1) perheideaalin säilyminen, (2) lapsen asuminen sekä (3) arjen järjestelyt. Perheideaalin tasolla vanhempien ja viranomaisten käsityksissä korostuivat vanhempien sovinnollisuus ja tasavertaisuus, jotka rinnastettiin ehjään ydinperheeseen. Lapsen asumista koskevat käsitykset erosivat etenkin siinä, minkä ikäisille lapsille vuoroasumisen katsotaan sopivan sekä mikä on kotien välimatkan merkitys vuoroasumisessa. Kolmannella tasolla huomionarvoisia olivat vanhempien käsitysten väliset erot yksityisen ja julkisen sopimisen tavoista.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2021-11-12T19:43:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rascio.pdf: 1739663 bytes, checksum: eabc77ae830cdf53a0c261e8930b68f3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-12T19:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rascio.pdf: 1739663 bytes, checksum: eabc77ae830cdf53a0c261e8930b68f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-27 Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by the recurrence of unprovoked epileptic seizures, studies report that nearly 1% of people experience a seizure during their lives and affects around 65 million people worldwide, with the most common neurological disease , chronic and dangerous epilepsy of the Mesial Temporal Lobe (ELTM) where the patient may present simple or complex focal seizures that originate from the temporal lobe, some mechanisms that lead to this disorder include the imbalance of voltage-dependent ion channels, activation of AKT phosphorylation through the production of reactive oxygen species (EROs). Epilepsy has great clinical relevance due to its high incidence and severity, as well as its social reason which, in severe cases, impedes the patient's social interaction. a desirable process in many neurological disorders, but the complex mechanisms involved in this field are not completely understood. Mitochondria are the main regulators of cellular energy metabolism (MS), through the production of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the Decoupling Proteins (UCPs) are present in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and act regulating the electron transport chain, stimulus for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus relieving cellular damage during epileptic seizures. The model of pilocarpine epilepsy resembles human ELTM being characterized by the prevalence of epleticus (SE) status and incite the increase of the ROS production, besides causing a powerful cellular death by excitotoxicity induced by convulsions, due to the excessive production of ROS , and mitochondrial impairment is notably observed in this model. The anti-sense Oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment was used in this work, in order to take advantage of its characteristic of preventing the production of the protein of the gene that targets, through blocking the translation of the mRNA, this tool was used in these animals to prevent the production of UCP2 in order to clarify the role of UCP2 in the epileptic disorder, thus discovering that UCP2 acts to inhibit mechanisms of apoptotic factors and oxidative stress to increase survival of neurons after the onset of ES. The present study had as main objective to investigate the role of UCP2, a negative regulator of EROs, in the neuroprotection after cholinergic insult, mimicked by the action of pilocarpine. In order to arrive at the decision on which time of epilepsy the expression of UCP2 would have, in order to block it, a protocol of observation of the stages of the disease was made to determine in which one of them there is UCP2 expression, followed by another experimental group, where we evaluated the temporal course in order to clarify the moment in which we would have the peak of its expression. After these two processes we finally determine the best time for ASO administration. Our data demonstrated that increased UCP2 expression in the rat hippocampus begins after 3 days of the induction of the status epilepticus (SE), reaching peak expression at 5 days after SE, which corresponds to the latent phase of epilepsy, after that period levels return to baseline. Concomitantly, phospho-AKT expression levels were higher in the hippocampus during the early silent phase (5 days after SE). In addition, UCP2 blocking by anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO) in SE mice has been shown to successfully decrease both the mCPNA and protein content of UCP2. The treatment with ASO in these animals increased the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial factors, the activity of caspase 3, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the formation of ROS. In conclusion, the present results highlight the neuroprotective actions of UCP2, acting through inhibition of apoptotic factors and oxidative stress, to increase survival of neurons after ES onset. A epilepsia é um distúrbio cerebral crônico caracterizado pela recorrência de crises epilépticas não provocadas, estudos relatam que quase 1% das pessoas experimentam uma convulsão durante suas vidas e afeta em torno de 65 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, sendo a doença neurológica mais comum, crônica e perigosa a epilepsia do Lobo Temporal Mesial (ELTM) onde o paciente pode apresentar crises focais simples ou complexa que se originas do lobo temporal, alguns mecanismos que levam a esta desordem incluem o desbalanço dos Canais de íons dependentes de voltagem, a ativação da fosforilação de AKT através da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs. A Epilepsia apresenta grande relevância clínica em razão de alta incidência e gravidade, além de sua razão social que em casos graves chega a impedir o convívio social do paciente. A neuroproteção é um processo desejável em muitos distúrbios neurológicos, mas os mecanismos complexos envolvidos neste campo não são completamente compreendidos. As mitocôndrias são os principais reguladores do metabolismo energético celular (EM), através da produção de Adenosina trifosfato (ATP), as Proteínas Desacopladoras (UCPs) estão presente na membrana interna das mitocôndrias e atuam regulando a cadeia de transporte de elétrons, diminuindo assim o impulso para a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), aliviando assim o dano celular durante as crises epiléticas. O modelo de epilepsia por pilocarpina se assemelha a ELTM humana sendo caraterizada pela prevalência de estatus epleticus (SE) e incitar o aumento da produção de EROs, além de causar uma potente morte celular por excitotoxicidade induzida por convulsões, em decorrência da produção excessiva de EROs, e o comprometimento de mitocôndrias é notadamente observado neste modelo. O tratamento com Oligonucleótideos anti-sense (ASO) foi empregado nesse trabalho, visando aproveitar sua característica de impedir a produção da proteína do gene que tem como alvo, através do bloqueio da tradução dos mRNA, essa ferramenta foi utilizada nesses animais para impedir a produção de UCP2 com o intuito de esclarecer o papel da UCP2 no distúrbio epilético, descobrindo, assim se a UCP2, atua inibindo mecanismos de fatores apoptóticos e estresse oxidativo, para aumentar a sobrevida dos neurônios após o início da SE. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar o papel do UCP2, um regulador negativo de EROs, na neuroproteção após insulto colinérgico, mimetizado pela ação da pilocarpina. Para chegarmos na decisão de em qual momento da epilepsia teria a expressão de UCP2, a fim de bloqueá-la, foi feito um protocolo de observação das fazes da doença para determinar em qual delas há expressão de UCP2, seguido de outro grupo experimental, onde avaliamos o curso temporal a fim de esclarecer o momento onde teríamos o pico de sua expressão. Depois desses dois processos finalmente determinamos o melhor momento para a administração de ASO. Nossos dados demonstraram que o aumento da expressão de UCP2 no hipocampo de ratos tem início após 3 dias da indução do status epilepticus (SE), atingindo o pico de expressão em 5 dias após SE, que corresponde a fase latente da epilepsia, após esse período os níveis retornam aos valores basais. Concomitantemente, os níveis de expressão de fosfo-AKT foram maiores no hipocampo durante a fase silenciosa precoce (5 dias após SE). Adicionalmente, demonstrou-se que o bloqueio de UCP2 por oligonucleótidosanti-sentido (ASO) em ratos SE diminuiu com sucesso tanto o conteúdo de mRNA e de proteína de UCP2. O tratamento com ASO nesses animais aumentou os fatores pró-apoptóticos mitocondriais, a atividade da caspase 3, a expressão de citocinas inflamatórias, as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e a formação de EROs. Em conclusão, os presentes resultados destacam as ações neuroprotetoras da UCP2, atuando via inibição de fatores apoptóticos e estresse oxidativo, para aumentar a sobrevida dos neurônios após o início da SE.

Ero furcata (Villers, 1789) MATERIAL. ��� Peiroulier, broadleaved forests, 1357 m, 01.VII.2017, Isaia, Mammola & Milano leg., 1 ♀, coll. MI. CHOROTYPE. ��� PAL. MACROHABITAT. ��� Broadleaved forests. NOTE. ��� Araneophagic species (Roberts 1995)., Published as part of Milano, Filippo, Mammola, Stefano, Rollard, Christine, Leccia, Marie-France & Isaia, Marco, 2019, An inventory of the spider species of Barcelonnette (France), with taxonomic notes on Piniphantes agnellus n. comb. (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 29-58 in Zoosystema 41 (4) on page 44, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a4, http://zenodo.org/record/3718482, {"references":["ROBERTS M. J. 1995. - Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins Publishers, London, 232 p."]}

Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802) MATERIAL. — Les Amoz, low vegetation, 1212 m, 01.VII.2017, Isaia, Mammola & Milano leg., 1 ♀, coll. MI. CHOROTYPE. — EUR. MACROHABITAT. — Shrublands. NOTE. — Araneophagic species (Roberts 1995).

En el presente trabajo se pretende abordar diferentes casos de censura en las películas eróticas Pinku eiga y Roman poruno. El objetivo del estudio es determinar mediante las controversias más representativas que se han dado en Japón a lo largo de los diferentes periodos históricos, desde Tokugawa hasta Shôwa si la occidentalización influenció en la reforma de la legislación japonesa. El resultado obtenido tras el análisis de diferentes juicios por obscenidad en las películas corrobora que “lo obsceno” es un concepto occidental y ambiguo al no tener una definición exacta, y que se está usando para restringir cualquier tipo de representación sexual en el cine. Se concluye que la censura de la sexualidad en las películas eróticas refleja los tabúes propios de Occidente y el intento de preservar las buenas costumbres en la sociedad japonesa por parte de las autoridades, como consecuencia de la occidentalización de Japón. This research will address different cases of censorship in the erotic films Pinku eiga and Roman poruno. The main aim is to determine if the westernization influenced in the reform of the Japanese legislation by the most representative controversies that have taken place in Japan throughout the different historical periods, from Tokugawa to Shôwa. The result obtained after the analysis of different judgments for obscenity in the movies corroborates that “obscenity” is a Western and ambiguous concept, and that it is being used to restrict any type of sexual representation in the cinema. To conclude, the censorship of sexuality in erotic films reflects the taboos of the West and the attempt to preserve good customs because of the Westernization of Japan. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Estudios de Asia Oriental

En el presente trabajo se pretende abordar diferentes casos de censura en las películas eróticas Pinku eiga y Roman poruno. El objetivo del estudio es determinar mediante las controversias más representativas que se han dado en Japón a lo largo de los diferentes periodos históricos, desde Tokugawa hasta Shôwa si la occidentalización influenció en la reforma de la legislación japonesa. El resultado obtenido tras el análisis de diferentes juicios por obscenidad en las películas corrobora que “lo obsceno” es un concepto occidental y ambiguo al no tener una definición exacta, y que se está usando para restringir cualquier tipo de representación sexual en el cine. Se concluye que la censura de la sexualidad en las películas eróticas refleja los tabúes propios de Occidente y el intento de preservar las buenas costumbres en la sociedad japonesa por parte de las autoridades, como consecuencia de la occidentalización de Japón. This research will address different cases of censorship in the erotic films Pinku eiga and Roman poruno. The main aim is to determine if the westernization influenced in the reform of the Japanese legislation by the most representative controversies that have taken place in Japan throughout the different historical periods, from Tokugawa to Shôwa. The result obtained after the analysis of different judgments for obscenity in the movies corroborates that “obscenity” is a Western and ambiguous concept, and that it is being used to restrict any type of sexual representation in the cinema. To conclude, the censorship of sexuality in erotic films reflects the taboos of the West and the attempt to preserve good customs because of the Westernization of Japan. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Estudios de Asia Oriental

Foreign nationals admitted to the United States who remain beyond their period of admission present an enforcement problem for U.S. immigration agencies. These "visa overstay" cases present a vulnerability for the homeland security enterprise. U.S. immigration enforcement agencies need to identify, apprehend, and remove foreign nationals who have overstayed their visas to address this issue. Identification of these subjects can be through biographical or biometric means. Current efforts to identify overstay violators rely mostly upon biographical data transmitted to enforcement agencies by third parties. Overstay violators are not normally targeted for apprehension and removal unless they present a threat to national security or public safety. Biometric exit system proponents have argued that the identification of violators through biometric means presents a faster, more efficient (albeit possibly expensive) method to determine who has overstayed their visas. These proponents also indicate that such a system will have an impact on the number of overstay violation cases each year. To date, this exit system has not been implemented at the U.S. border despite congressional mandates to do so. This thesis examines current visa overstay enforcement policies, evaluates the impacts of a biometric exit system, and makes policy recommendations for visa overstay enforcement efforts. http://archive.org/details/outthroughtheout1094561276 Civilian, Department of Homeland Security Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is a well investigated phenomenon in the human electroencephalogram (EEG) and has been related to stimulus processing and attentional mechanisms. Event-related oscillations (ERO) represent a potential mechanism responsible for generating the ERP. In particular, oscillatory activity in the delta and theta frequency range has been associated with the generation of the P300 component. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is capable of modulating oscillatory brain activity in a frequency-specific manner. In this study, we aimed to modulate P300 amplitude using tACS by stimulating the individual ERO involved in the generation of the P300 component. TACS was applied precisely in time to the target P300 occurring in a visual oddball task. In order to achieve an appropriate current distribution, we designed an electrode configuration consisting of two clusters of stimulation electrodes on central-parietal locations. We could not demonstrate a group difference in P300 amplitude after applying tACS in the stimulation condition (N = 17) vs. the sham condition (N = 11). TACS condition and sham condition did not differ regarding their reaction times in response to target stimuli or their event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) at stimulation frequency. Although a significant influence of stimulation could not yet be revealed on a statistical level, we suggest that the proposed method of using tACS for modulating EROs merits further investigation. Modulation of the P300 component in the ERP could help to gain further insights in the role of EROs generating ERPs and the functional relevance of the P300 component. In this study, we propose a novel approach of applying tACS and provide advice on using tACS for the modulation of EROs.

Negli anni Sessanta, Giuseppe Berto costruisce la propria prosa sul modello freudiano delle associazioni libere. Il tema del corpo come veicolo di malattia si manifesta nelle scene del Male oscuro in cui il protagonista sente di subire un processo di identificazione, fisica e morale, con il padre morto di tumore. Il passo in cui il protagonista del Male oscuro ha la visione del proprio cervello che fluttua nella stanza, in tutto somigliante al tumore del padre, diventa una sorta di modello delle scene erotiche descritte nel successivo La cosa buffa. Questo romanzo racconta le due storie d'amore di Antonio: quella vissuta con Maria, ragazza angelicata della Venezia bene, e quella vissuta con la quasi omonima Marica, una ragazza ungherese terrena e sensuale. Antonio non interrompe mai le proprie elucubrazioni: per questo non riesce a vivere pienamente la sua sessualità. La scrittura infatti pone al centro gli atti sessuali con le due ragazze e le diverse declinazioni dei loro corpi: Antonio percepisce ogni singolo momento dell'atto erotico, descritto dettagliatamente dall'autore, come un motivo di colpa e di vergogna. Il corpo etereo della vergine e quello concreto, biologico, della donna fatale, si fondono lentamente nei due corpi, assai simili fra loro, di Maria e Marica. Le elucubrazioni caotiche di Antonio danno quindi principio a un processo di spersonalizzazione e alla fobia di essere costantemente osservato da un occhio invisibile e giudicante, proprio come accade al protagonista del Male oscuro.

Eros e passione in Jane Austen? Sì, anche l'ultimo pezzo della maschera vittoriana della scrittrice si sgretola con questo saggio intitolato "Nel Cuore di Jane Austen". Guidata dalle voce critiche e poetiche di Reginald Farrar, Virginia Woolf, Edmund Blunden, Harold Bloom, l'analisi testuale della nota scrittrice inglese ci mostra una personalità splasmata dall'eros e riversata nella grandezza della sua arte.

Many studies suggest that the observed decline of Apis mellifera honeybee colonies would be due to the combined action of multiple stressors, including both pathogens and pesticides. We previously demonstrated that the honeybee co-exposure to the gut parasite Nosema ceranae and the fipronil insecticide, administered chronically in sublethal doses, highly increased the bee mortality. Moreover, studies suggest that the infection by N. ceranae may increase the antioxidant capacity of the bee intestinal cells. We wondered whether the increase in mortality rate when infection is combined with fipronil intoxication could be the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results indicate that both the ROS amount and the concentration of oxidized proteins decreased upon infection. This could be the result of an increased antioxidant enzymatic activities. When bees were co-exposed to both stressors (N. ceranae and fipronil), we did not measured any increase in ROS level, but the amount of oxidized proteins was significantly increased. Thus, the presence of the parasite seems to disrupt the oxidative balance of the intestinal cells and could increase the toxicity of fipronil. Complementary studies were also conducted in vitro with human cells (HFF), infected with a different microsporidian species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and/or treated with fipronil. The results showed that the presence of the parasite reduced the increase in ROS induced by fipronil. In addition, preliminary results showed an increase in mitochondrial metabolic activity in cells infected with the parasite. Finally, in order to better understand the N. ceranae/honeybee/intestinal microbiota dialogue, we analysed the composition and the abundance of microbial communities in the gut after infection and/or intoxication with different pesticides using a next generation sequencing of both rDNA and rRNA 16S amplicons. N. ceranae seems to upset the activity of different groups of bacteria, and the presence of pesticides greatly increased these disturbances. Thus, the impact of N. ceranae/pesticide co-exposure on the intestinal microbiota may be one of the key elements in the decline of honey bee colonies.; De nombreuses études suggèrent que le déclin des colonies d’abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera) serait dû à l’action combinée de plusieurs facteurs de stress, et notamment des agents pathogènes et des pesticides. Nous avons précédemment démontré qu’une co-exposition des abeilles au parasite intestinal Nosema ceranae et à l'insecticide fipronil, administré chroniquement en doses sublétales, entraînait une forte augmentation de la mortalité des abeilles. De plus, des études suggèrent que l'infection par N. ceranae pourrait augmenter la capacité antioxydante des cellules intestinales de l'abeille. Nous nous sommes demandé si l'élévation du taux de mortalité dans un contexte d'infection, combiné à une intoxication au fipronil, pourrait être le résultat d'une production d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO). Nos résultats indiquent une diminution de la quantité des ERO, mais aussi de la quantité de protéines oxydées en présence de N. ceranae. Ceci pourrait être la résultante d’une augmentation des activités enzymatiques antioxydantes. Lorsque les abeilles ont été traitées avec les deux facteurs de stress (N. ceranae et fipronil), nous n’avons cependant pas mesuré d’augmentation des ERO, tandis que l’oxydation des protéines était significativement augmentée. Ainsi, la présence du parasite semble perturber la balance oxydative des cellules intestinales et pourrait augmenter la toxicité du fipronil. Des études complémentaires ont également été menées in vitro sur des cellules humaines HFF, infectées avec une autre espèce microsporidienne, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, et/ou exposées au fipronil. Les résultats ont montré que la présence du parasite limitait l’augmentation des ERO induite par le fipronil. De plus, des résultats préliminaires tendent à montrer une augmentation de l’activité métabolique des mitochondries dans les cellules infectées par le parasite. Enfin, dans le but de mieux comprendre le dialogue N. ceranae/abeille/microbiote intestinal, nous avons analysé par une approche de séquençage d’amplicons d’ADNr et d’ARNr 16S la composition et l’abondance des communautés microbiennes de l’intestin après infection et/ou intoxication chronique avec différents pesticides. N. ceranae semble perturber l’activité de plusieurs groupes bactériens, et la présence de pesticides accroît fortement ces perturbations. Ainsi, l’impact d’une co-exposition N. ceranae/pesticides sur le microbiote intestinal pourrait être l’un des éléments clés du déclin des colonies.

Many studies suggest that the observed decline of Apis mellifera honeybee colonies would be due to the combined action of multiple stressors, including both pathogens and pesticides. We previously demonstrated that the honeybee co-exposure to the gut parasite Nosema ceranae and the fipronil insecticide, administered chronically in sublethal doses, highly increased the bee mortality. Moreover, studies suggest that the infection by N. ceranae may increase the antioxidant capacity of the bee intestinal cells. We wondered whether the increase in mortality rate when infection is combined with fipronil intoxication could be the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results indicate that both the ROS amount and the concentration of oxidized proteins decreased upon infection. This could be the result of an increased antioxidant enzymatic activities. When bees were co-exposed to both stressors (N. ceranae and fipronil), we did not measured any increase in ROS level, but the amount of oxidized proteins was significantly increased. Thus, the presence of the parasite seems to disrupt the oxidative balance of the intestinal cells and could increase the toxicity of fipronil. Complementary studies were also conducted in vitro with human cells (HFF), infected with a different microsporidian species, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and/or treated with fipronil. The results showed that the presence of the parasite reduced the increase in ROS induced by fipronil. In addition, preliminary results showed an increase in mitochondrial metabolic activity in cells infected with the parasite. Finally, in order to better understand the N. ceranae/honeybee/intestinal microbiota dialogue, we analysed the composition and the abundance of microbial communities in the gut after infection and/or intoxication with different pesticides using a next generation sequencing of both rDNA and rRNA 16S amplicons. N. ceranae seems to upset the activity of different groups of bacteria, and the presence of pesticides greatly increased these disturbances. Thus, the impact of N. ceranae/pesticide co-exposure on the intestinal microbiota may be one of the key elements in the decline of honey bee colonies.; De nombreuses études suggèrent que le déclin des colonies d’abeilles domestiques (Apis mellifera) serait dû à l’action combinée de plusieurs facteurs de stress, et notamment des agents pathogènes et des pesticides. Nous avons précédemment démontré qu’une co-exposition des abeilles au parasite intestinal Nosema ceranae et à l'insecticide fipronil, administré chroniquement en doses sublétales, entraînait une forte augmentation de la mortalité des abeilles. De plus, des études suggèrent que l'infection par N. ceranae pourrait augmenter la capacité antioxydante des cellules intestinales de l'abeille. Nous nous sommes demandé si l'élévation du taux de mortalité dans un contexte d'infection, combiné à une intoxication au fipronil, pourrait être le résultat d'une production d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO). Nos résultats indiquent une diminution de la quantité des ERO, mais aussi de la quantité de protéines oxydées en présence de N. ceranae. Ceci pourrait être la résultante d’une augmentation des activités enzymatiques antioxydantes. Lorsque les abeilles ont été traitées avec les deux facteurs de stress (N. ceranae et fipronil), nous n’avons cependant pas mesuré d’augmentation des ERO, tandis que l’oxydation des protéines était significativement augmentée. Ainsi, la présence du parasite semble perturber la balance oxydative des cellules intestinales et pourrait augmenter la toxicité du fipronil. Des études complémentaires ont également été menées in vitro sur des cellules humaines HFF, infectées avec une autre espèce microsporidienne, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, et/ou exposées au fipronil. Les résultats ont montré que la présence du parasite limitait l’augmentation des ERO induite par le fipronil. De plus, des résultats préliminaires tendent à montrer une augmentation de l’activité métabolique des mitochondries dans les cellules infectées par le parasite. Enfin, dans le but de mieux comprendre le dialogue N. ceranae/abeille/microbiote intestinal, nous avons analysé par une approche de séquençage d’amplicons d’ADNr et d’ARNr 16S la composition et l’abondance des communautés microbiennes de l’intestin après infection et/ou intoxication chronique avec différents pesticides. N. ceranae semble perturber l’activité de plusieurs groupes bactériens, et la présence de pesticides accroît fortement ces perturbations. Ainsi, l’impact d’une co-exposition N. ceranae/pesticides sur le microbiote intestinal pourrait être l’un des éléments clés du déclin des colonies.

L’Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) est un peptide vasoconstricteur qui joue un rôle proéminent dans la progression des maladies cardiovasculaires, grâce à la génération d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO), ainsi que par l'hyperactivation des voies de signalisation qui promeuvent la croissance et l'expression aberrante des gènes. Les histones désacétylases (HDACs), par leur aptitude à modifier le statut d'acétylation des résidus lysine dans les protéines d'histones et non-histones, régulent la transcription des gènes. Des études récentes ont montré qu'une activation accrue des HDACs, notamment HDAC5, est associée à des troubles vasculaires tels que l'athérosclérose. Cependant, le rôle de l'IGF-1 dans l'activation des HDACs par phosphorylation demeure mal caractérisé. Donc, dans les études présentes, on a examiné l’effet de l’IGF-1 sur la phosphorylation de HDAC5 dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV) de type A10 et on a identifié les voies de signalisation impliquées dans ce processus. Le traitement des CMLV avec l’IGF-1 a augmenté la phosphorylation de HDAC5 sur la serine 498 de manière temps- et dose-dépendante. La pré-incubation des cellules avec l’AG1024, un inhibiteur pharmacologique du récepteur membranaire à l’IGF-1, a significativement atténué la phosphorylation d’HDAC5 induite par l'IGF-1. Par contre, le prétraitement avec l’AG1478, un inhibiteur du récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique, n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les niveaux de phosphorylation d’HDAC5. En outre, le blocage pharmacologique de la voie MAP kinase avec divers inhibiteurs (PD98059, UO126, SP600125 et SB203580) n’a pas abrogé la phosphorylation d’HDAC5, cependant les inhibiteurs de la voie protéine kinase B (PKB)/PI3-K, SC-66 et wortmannine respectivement, ont complètement aboli la phosphorylation d’HDAC5 induite par l’IGF-1. Ces données ont été confirmées par des expériences d’immunofluorescence et de silençage génique de PKB par interférence d’ARN. En outre, le prétraitement des cellules avec le diphénylèneiodonium (DPI) et l’apocynine, deux inhibiteurs de la NAD(P)H oxydase, ainsi que l'antioxydant N-acétyl-cystéine (NAC), a atténué la phosphorylation de HDAC5 et de PKB par l’IGF-1. De plus, le silençage génique de Nox4, la principale NAD(P)H oxydase des CMLV, a atténué la phosphorylation d’HDAC5 induite par l’IGF-1. De plus, l’utilisation des techniques d’extraction nucléaire a indiqué que le SC-66 et le DPI inhibent l’exportation nucléaire de HDAC5 induit par IGF-1. En résumé, ces données suggèrent que l'IGF-1 induit la phosphorylation et l’exportation nucléaire de HDAC5 de façon ERO et PKB-dépendante dans les CMLV., Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a potent mitogenic and vasoactive factor, has been shown to play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This occurs through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as through the hyperactivation of mitogenic and growth promoting signaling pathways and the subsequent alteration in gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), by their ability to modify the acetylation status of the lysine residues in histone and non-histone proteins, regulate gene transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that a heightened activation of HDACs, notably HDAC5, is associated with vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. However, a role of IGF-1 in HDAC phosphorylation and activation has not been investigated. Therefore, in the present studies, we examined the effect of IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of HDAC5 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and identified the signaling pathways involved in this process. Treatment of A10 VSMCs with IGF-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of HDAC5 at serine 498 in a time and dosedependent fashion. Pretreatment of cells with AG1024, a selective pharmacological inhibitor of IGF-1R, significantly inhibited IGF-1-induced HDAC5 phosphorylation in A10 VSMCs whereas AG1478, a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), did not have an inhibitory effect on the levels of phospho-HDAC5. Pharmacological blockade of the MAPK pathway with PD98059, UO126, SP600125 and SB203580 had no effect on HDAC5 phosphorylation, whereas inhibitors of the PI3K/ PKB pathways, wortmannin and SC-66 respectively, almost completely attenuated IGF- 1-induced HDAC5 phosphorylation. These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence localization of phospho-HDAC5 and by siRNA-induced silencing of PKB. In addition, pretreatment of A10 VSMCs with Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and apocynin, two NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors, as well as the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), resulted in an attenuation of IGF-1-induced HDAC5 and PKB phosphorylation. Furthermore, siRNA-induced silencing of Nox4, the main NADPH oxidase expressed in VSMC, inhibited IGF-1 induced HDAC5 phosphorylation. Moreover, IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of HDAC5 resulted in its nuclear export, which was reversed by blockade of PKB by SC-66 or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition by DPI. In summary, these data demonstrate that IGF-1 induces the phosphorylation and nuclear export of HDAC5 in a Nox4-derived ROS- and PKB-dependent fashion in VSMCs.

ERO is a Monte-Carlo code for modeling plasma-wall interaction and 3D plasma impurity transport for applications in fusion research. The code has undergone a significant upgrade (ERO2.0) which allows increasing the simulation volume in order to cover the entire plasma edge of a fusion device, allowing a more self-consistent treatment of impurity transport and comparison with a larger number and variety of experimental diagnostics. In this contribution, the physics-relevant technical innovations of the new code version are described and discussed. The new capabilities of the code are demonstrated by modeling of beryllium (Be) erosion of the main wall during JET limiter discharges. Results for erosion patterns along the limiter surfaces and global Be transport including incident particle distributions are presented. A novel synthetic diagnostic, which mimics experimental wide-angle 2D camera images, is presented and used for validating various aspects of the code, including erosion, magnetic shadowing, non-local impurity transport, and light emission simulation. EURATOM 633053

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9801_Bruno Corveto Bragaça.pdf: 6376034 bytes, checksum: b503140e8d282a75485baf93f5a2ed66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-18 Este trabalho estuda o comportamento em desgaste erosivo, causado pelo impacto de partículas sólidas, de revestimentos WC-Co-Cr depositados pelos processos de soldagem PTAP (Plasma Transferred Arc Powder) e manta sinterizada. O revestimento trata-se de um compósito cermet, em que a fase dura é coberta por carboneto de tungstênio (WC) e a fase ligante coberta por cromo (Cr) e cobalto (Co). Os ensaios foram realizados em erosímetro a jato de ar, com velocidade de impacto de 70 m/s e taxa de partículas de 2 mg/mm².s. Partículas de alumina e hematita foram utilizadas nos ensaios. Duas temperaturas de ensaio (23°C e 375 °C) e dois ângulos de impacto (30° e 90°) variavam as condições de ensaio. Os resultados indicaram que as microestruturas geradas nos processos de deposição influenciam fortemente na taxa de erosão. A fração volumétrica e o livre caminho médio de carbonetos, além da microdureza destes, são os principais parâmetros microestruturais que afetam a taxa de erosão. Também, devido ao processo de deposição, a influência de cada um dos parâmetros estudados (temperatura do ensaio, dureza da partícula e ângulo de impacto) pode ter maior ou menor influência no desgaste erosivo. Palavras chave: WC-Co-Cr; Erosão por partículas sólidas; Soldagem PTA-P; manta sinterizada.

Mesenchymal stem cells are a population of somatic cells found in several tissues of an adult organism, including adipose tissue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular alterations, including mutagenesis and genomic instability and the development of diseases. Thus, it is important to understand ROS-induced damage to cell macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress rates and viability of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) from the greater omentum of rabbits. Cell cultures were analyzed at different passages (1-5) using the dichlorofluorescein acetate assay for measuring ROS production and cell viability tests. ROS levels were highest at passage 2 and cell viability was highest at passage 4.

A 13CH4 injection experiment with a test limiter in TEXTOR is modeled by EDDY and ERO for the purpose of code-code benchmarking. The 2D patterns of CH emission of both codes agree with the experiment. The 13C deposition patterns on the limiter surface are reproduced assuming negligible effective sticking (S=0) for returning hydrocarbons. The 13C deposition efficiency decreases with increasing injection time, and it reaches a steady state value accompanied by a depth profile of 13C. The measured 13C deposition efficiency (~0.1%) is reproduced, assuming negligible sticking of returning hydrocarbons and high re-erosion yield of redeposited carbons (of the order of 10 times larger than graphite). The sticking probability and re-erosion yield are still unknown parameters, which determine erosion and deposition of plasma facing materials.

Carbon transport in the ASDEX Upgrade outer divertor plasma is investigated in numerical simulations. The SOLPS5.0 code package is used to model the scrape-off layer plasma in a set of repeated lower-single-null L-mode discharges. Special emphasis is given to replicate the plasma conditions measured in the full tungsten, vertical outer target of ASDEX Upgrade, and solutions with and without the effect of drifts are presented. First ERO simulations of hydrocarbon transport in a SOLPS plasma background including drifts are carried out, and significantly closer match to the experimental 13C deposition pattern is obtained than with the solution without drifts. The 2D divertor electric field predicted by SOLPS is applied to the ERO modelling, and it is observed to result in a poloidal hydrocarbon drift that agrees well with the experiment. An increased carbon deposition efficiency, particularly upstream from the source, is obtained in the normal ASDEX Upgrade field configuration (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

During high-power, ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH), RF sheath rectification and RF induced plasma-wall interactions (RF-PWI) can potentially limit long-pulse operation. With toroidally-spaced ICRH antennas, in an ITER-like wall (ILW) environment, JET provides an ideal environment for ITER-relevant, RF-PWI studies. JET pulses combining sequential toggling of the antennas with q95 (edge safety factor) sweeping were recently used to localize RF-enhanced Be I and Be II spectral line emission at outboard poloidal (beryllium) limiters. These measurements were carried out in the early stages of JET-ILW and in ICRF-only, L-mode discharges. The appearance of enhanced emission spots was explained by their magnetic connection to regions of ICRH antennas associated with higher RF-sheath rectification [1]. The measured emission lines were the same as those already qualified in ERO modelling of inboard limiter beryllium erosion in JET limiter plasmas [2]. In the present work, we revisit this spectroscopic study with the focus on obtaining estimates of the impact of these RF-PWI on sputtering and on net erosion of the affected limiter regions. To do this, the ERO erosion and re-deposition code [2] is deployed with the detailed geometry of a JET outboard limiter. The effect of RF-PWI on sputtering is represented by varying themore » surface negative biasing, which affects the incidence energy and the resulting sputtering yield. The observed variations in line emission, from [1], for JET pulse 81173 of about factor 3 can be reproduced with ~ 100 200 V bias. ERO simulations show that the influence of the respective E-field on the local Be transport is localized near the surface and relatively small. Still, the distribution of the 3D plasma parameters, shadowing and other geometrical effects are quite important. The plasma parameter simulated by Edge2D-EIRENE [3] are extrapolated towards the surface and mapped in 3D. These initial modelling results are consistent with the range of potentials anticipated through RF sheath rectification (see, e.g., [4]). Shortcomings from both the modelling and experimental side will be discussed, as will be plans for improvements in both areas method for the upcoming 2015 - 2016 JET campaign. [1] C.C. Klepper et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 438 (2013) S594 S598 [2] D. Borodin et al., Phys. Scr. T159 (2014) 014057 [3] M. Groth et al., Nucl. Fusion 53 (2013) 093016 [4] Jonathan Jacquot et al., Phys. Plasmas 21 (2014) 061509 *Corresponding author: presently at CCFE (UK) tel.: +44 1235 46 4304, e-mail: kleppercc@ornl.gov **See the Appendix of F. Romanelli et al., Proc. of the 25th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia Work supported, in part, by US DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.« less

Resumo: As vitaminas são compostos orgânicos necessários em poucas quantidades no organismo, todavia indispensáveis para as funções metabólicas. Elas se inserem em inúmeras reações metabólicas, fisiológicas e imunes das células, necessárias para a manutenção da saúde animal, além de atuarem como imunoestimulante. Embora a dieta rica em folhagens verdes frescas forneça quantidades suficientes de vitaminas A, D e E a suplementação intensiva com alimentos conservados na forma de feno ou silagem pode reduzir em até 50 % dos teores destas vitaminas no alimento. Diante disso, a proposta do trabalho foi verificar se a administração parenteral de vitaminas A, D e E age como imunoestimulante em garrotes estabulados e alimentados exclusivamente com feno de tifton. Para tanto 14 bovinos foram divididos em dois grupos homogêneos, sendo o grupo S, suplementado com vitamina A, D e E em dose única de 30 mL por via intramuscular; e o grupo C, sem suplementação. Ambos os grupos foram alojados em baias parcialmente privadas de sol, e alimentados com feno por um período de três meses. A avaliação imune foi realizada por hemogramas e ensaio de função leucocitária (metabolismo oxidativo e fagocitose) nos momentos antes do tratamento, três e dez dias após os tratamentos. Tendo em vista que a suplementação com polivitamínicos A, D e E aumentou a porcentagem da atividade de células granulocítica e a intensidade da atividade de células mononucleares, além de intensificar o efeito antioxidante prolongando a sobrevida de hemácias e neutrófilos, conclui-se que esta suplementação promoveu efeito benéfico na resposta imune de bezerros da Raça Holandesa, apesar dos efeitos deletérios da alimentação exclusiva com feno e da privação parcial da incidência solar direta. Abstract: Vitamins are organic compounds which are required in small quantities in the body, however essential for the metabolic functions. They participate in numerous metabolic reactions, physiological and immune cells, needed to maintain animal health, as well as act as immunostimulants. Although the diet rich in fresh green foliage provides sufficient amounts of vitamin A, D and E, intensive supplementation with food stored in the form of hay or silage can reduce up to 50% of the levels of these vitamins in food. Given this, the proposal of this study was to verify how the parenteral administration of vitamins ADE acts as immunostimulant in steers fed exclusively with hay of tifton. For that, 14 cattle were divided into two homogeneous groups: Group S, supplemented with vitamin A, D e E given in a single intramuscular dose of 30mL, and Group C without supplementation. Both groups were housed in private stalls and fed with hay for a period of three months. Immune evaluation was performed by blood count and testing of leukocyte function (oxidative metabolism and phagocytosis) in the moments before treatment, three and ten days after the treatments. Considering that supplementation with vitamin A, D e E increased the percentage of granulocytic cell activity and the intensity of the activity of mononuclear cells, as well as intensified the antioxidant effect prolonging the survival of red blood cells and neutrophils, it can be concluded that this treatment had a beneficial effect on the immune response of Holstein calves, despite the damaging effects of exclusive feeding hay, and the partially deprivation of solar incidence.

Haimasyöpä todetaan useimmiten vasta levinneessä vaiheessa, koska tauti on pitkään oireeton. Ainoa parantava hoito on kasvaimen poisto leikkauksella, mutta se voidaan tehdä vain pienelle osalle potilaista. Oireenmukaisena hoitona käytetään sytostaatti- ja sädehoitoja sekä endoskooppisia ja radiologisia toimenpiteitä. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin kaikkien Suomessa vuosina 2003 ja 2008 haimasyöpään sairastuneiden potilaiden eri hoitomuotoja ja niiden eroja yliopistollisten sairaaloiden erityisvastuualueiden välillä. Tulokset on kuvattu mediaanina ja vaihteluvälinä. Tilastollisina menetelminä käytettiin Mann-Whitney U - ja Kruskal-Wallis -testejä. Tulosten perusteella haimasyövän hoitolinjoissa on Suomessa alueellisia eroja. Esimerkiksi Helsingin yliopistosairaanhoitopiirisä (HYKS) 16,7 % ja Turun yliopistosairaanhoitopiirissä (TYKS) vain 5.6 % alueen potilaista hoidettiin kasvaimen poistavalla leikkauksella (p = 0,003). Hoitolinjoissa on myös tapahtunut muutoksia vuosien 2003 ja 2008 välillä. Kaikilla haimasyöpäpotilailla tulisi olla yhtäläinen mahdollisuus päästä leikkaushoidon arvioon, koska muuta parantavaa hoitoa ei ole. Siksi hoito tulisi keskittää suuren volyymin yksiköihin, joissa todennäköisesti saavutettaisiin paras asiantuntevuus hoitolinjoista.

Ero cambridgei Kulczyński, 1911 Ero cambridgei: Roberts, 1998: 274, f. (♂♀); Thaler et al., 2004: 360, f. 23���24, 28���29, 34���35, 60���61 (♂♀) Material. ISRAEL: Hermon, 1700 m, 12.v.2010 (C. Drees & L. Friedman) ��� 1♂ (TAU). For a complete synonym listing and references, see the World Spider Catalog (2015). Comments. This well-known species is distributed across the entire Palaearctic. The record from Israel is the southernmost in the entire range., Published as part of Zonstein, Sergei, Marusik, Yuri & Omelko, Mikhail, 2015, A survey of spider taxa new to Israel (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 372-385 in Zoology in the Middle East 61 (4) on page 378, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2015.1095525, http://zenodo.org/record/807961, {"references":["Roberts, M. J. (1998): Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn (the Netherlands).","Thaler, K., van Harten, A., & Knoflach, B. (2004): Pirate spiders of the genus Ero C. L. Koch from southern Europe, Yemen, and Ivory Coast, with two new species (Arachnida, Araneae, Mimetidae). Denisia, 13, 359 - 368.","World Spider Catalog (2015) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http: // wsc. nmbe. ch, version 15.5 [accessed on 20.01.2015]."]}

El clorpirifos (CPF) es un insecticida de amplio espectro que se utiliza en Argentina y en otros países de Latinoamérica. Se emplea para el control de plagas en la producción de frutas, hortalizas, cereales y plantas ornamentales. El principal mecanismo de acción descripto para este insecticida es la inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa. Sin embargo, reportes más recientes sugieren múltiples efectos del plaguicida independientes de la inhibición de esa enzima. El objetivo de este trabajo es transmitir a la comunidad los resultados de nuestras investigaciones obtenidos utilizando diferentes dosis de CPF en distintos modelos experimentales, tanto in vitro como in vivo. En relación a esto, hemos evidenciado una acción del CPF sobre el sistema redox celular que conduce al incremento de especies reactivas del oxígeno y consecuentemente a la activación de diferentes vías de señalización. Además, hemos determinado que el insecticida CPF puede comportarse como un disruptor endócrino modulando la acción de los estrógenos y alterando la normal estructura del tejido mamario. Nuestros resultados alertan sobre el impacto que este compuesto podría tener sobre la salud, sugiriendo la necesidad de revisar su uso dado que manifiesta acciones a dosis encontradas en el ambiente. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum insecticide used in Argentina and other Latin American countries. It is commonly used for pest control in the production of fruits, vegetables, cereals and ornamental plants. The main mechanism of action described for this insecticide is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. However, more recent reports suggest multiple effects for this pesticide in an independent way from the inhibition of this enzyme. The objective of this work is to convey to the community the results of our investigations obtained using different doses of CPF in various experimental models, both in vitro and in vivo. In this connection, we have shown a CPF action on the cellular redox system which leads to increased reactive oxygen species and the consequent activation of different signaling pathways. In addition, we have determined that the insecticide CPF acts as an endocrine disruptor modulating the action of estrogen and altering the normal structure of breast tissue. Our findings warn about the impact that this compound might have on health, suggesting the need to review its use since adverse actions were found at environmentally relevant doses Fil: Cocca, Claudia Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina Fil: Ventura, Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina Fil: Núñez, Mariel Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina Fil: Randi, Andrea Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Bioquímica Humana; Argentina Fil: Venturino, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Cs.agrarias. Centro de Investigaciones En Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina