Search

The article focuses on temporary accommodations in Marseille at the end of the 19th century. As a port city, Marseille was the second largest city in France by population and a preferred destination for French and international migrants. Nevertheless, the system used to house these migrants in Marseille is still largely unknown. The article is based on an examination of police registers for the period 1869-1874 conducted through multiple levels of analysis. In the first section, it examines the distribution of accommodations throughout the city as a whole and emphasizes the emergence of a social and spatial convergence between the structure of the housing, the identity of the neighbourhoods and the profiles of the populations being housed. On a more micro scale, section two focuses on the 5th police district in order to create a sociological map of the 1804 tenants that passed through it over the course of 10 months and shed light on the choice of lodgings within the framework of individual or group strategies. Finally, thanks to a street level analysis focused on rue Caisserie, the article shows that temporary accommodations were part of a larger local social and economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While universalism constitutes the foundation of French republicanism, public discourse and changes in immigration law have revealed that racial and/or ethnic discrimination and exclusion are necessary for cultural assimilation and for the protection of France's ‘universalist’ model. Studies have also shown that at least 40% of the French population is of foreign origin. So how has France justified the reconciliation of universalism and particularism (now referred to as communitarianism) in certain instances but not others? Christophe Dabitch's collaborative comic-book project,Immigrants(2010), aims to deconstruct the French republican narrative of universalism by using a popular medium that is both transcultural and transnational. An effective collage of visual styles, reproduced testimony and scholarship on immigration in France, Dabitch's album proposes writing an alternative French history of immigration and invites readers to question founding mythologies which have erected France as the country of human rights. This article has three objectives: to presentImmigrantsas a serious historical and artistic project on immigration; to critically examine this publication's purpose (can comics effectively demonstrate that immigration is a common but significant aspect of nation building?); and to explore how comics can positively re-imagine France as a métropole cosmopolite, as an international point of convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a reprint of the article "Assessment of French Immigration Needs" by Alfred Sauvy, which appeared in the 1946 issue of "Population." France implemented a immigration policy to sustain the demand for labour due to economic growth from 1921-1931 and reverse it from 1931-1935 because of the increasing population.

The article aims to answer questions raised by author João Teixeira Lopes in response to this author's review of Lopes' book, "Geração Europa? : um estudo sobre a jovem emigração qualificada para França," a nonfiction examination of Portuguese immigration to France in the 21st century. Topics discussed include the high level of criticism in the author's initial review; the interdisciplinary nature of social sciences; and Lopes' treatment of skilled and unskilled immigrants in his work.

The article explores why France's self-representation as the bacon of human rights has hidden the true nature of its society. Topics include why the cardinal principles on which France rests itself including equality of all citizens and universal and free education are just mere disguise of radical inequalities, the violent nature of French secularism, and the impact of colonialism in informing France's attitude towards its postcolonial immigration.

Using an index measuring the relative probability of names in different populations, our results indicate that immigrants and especially those from the Maghreb/Middle-East give first names to their children that are different from those given by the French majority population. Though we find a correlation between religiosity and our name index for European immigrants, the differences in naming practices cannot generally be attributed to religiosity as we find no correlation between our name index and the religious practices of immigrants from the Maghreb/ Middle-East. These differences in the naming patterns are, as one would expect, related to general cultural references, language, citizenship and educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary French Civilization is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ubiquity of resilience—the process of patterned adjustments adopted by a society or an individual in the face of endogenous or exogenous shocks—across the broad social sciences spectrum is undisputable. Yet, migration scholars have been relatively absent from this vibrant discussion. The present article suggests a theorisation of the link between migration, resilience and security by examining ways in which resilience precedes a socially constructed understanding of international migration as a security issue. The article explores how the surge in worldwide refugee numbers and associated mass migration phenomena were not only interpreted as a shock in post-Cold War France, but also instrumentalised by dominant discourses to underscore the necessity of adopting a particular pattern of adjustments to uphold the status quo against changes provoked by these migratory events. The social construction of refugee movements and mass migration as a significant disturbance requiring France to opt for a resilient strategy has led, ultimately, to the securitisation of migration. In a broader sense, the article presents a new lens through which to analyse situations and conditions in which resilience has led to and induced the securitisation of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, administrative data on residence permits are analysed to calculate flows of legal permanent migration to France from third countries. The authors describe and discuss the AGDREF database, a national database of foreign nationals residing in France, as well as the methodological assumptions underpinning their calculations. Annual migration inflows and outflows are calculated for the period 1998-2013 on the basis of information on residence permits with a validity of at least one year extracted annually from the AGDREF database. The study breaks down the inflows by migrants' age, gender and nationality, and by residence permit duration and reason for admission. Inflows peaked in 2003-2005 and have fallen slightly since. A total of 192,419 legal migrants entered France in 2013. The majority of legal permanent immigrants are young adults from African countries who come to France for family reasons or to pursue their education. Over the period 1998-2013, estimated outflows were consistently smaller than inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study how proximity affects the trade-migration link. By focusing on two case studies, France and Egypt, the authors explore if migrants promote and help to deal with market heterogeneity in international markets. Using an ethnic network approach the authors also test for interactions between the characteristics of migrants and proximity issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper builds on two case studies to illustrate the main working hypotheses. The main framework is that of ethnic networks, proximity ties, and market heterogeneity. Static and dynamic panel data methods are employed when estimating extended gravity trade equations. The authors account for country-pair fixed effects and instrument by lagged stocks of migrants, in order to deal with bilateral commonalities and endogeneity issues in the estimation procedure. Findings – The paper provides evidence on how proximity enhances trade. Additional trade effects are found for countries sharing closer ties. Networks of migrants appear to help firms to deal with fixed trade costs, also generating some market heterogeneity that at the end influences the trade-migration linkage. Characteristics of migrants also seem to matter, interacting with proximity issues, and resulting in specific trade effects. Practical implications – Proximity issues seem to matter in the trade creation effects of networks of migrants. In this way integration processes between countries would be showing some positive externalities in the side of trade flows. Characteristics of emigrants should be taken into account when defining migratory policies, mainly for the education and assimilation issues. Originality/value – The paper get deeper insights in some emerging issues in the trade-migration literature by focusing in two relevant case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the immigration impact on native outcomes using microlevel data for France. I find that immigration does not affect the wages of competing natives, but induces adverse employment effects. This finding is consistent with a wage structure that is rigid in France. The quality of the data allows to dig more deeply into the interpretation of the immigration impact. First, I show that immigrants displace native workers because they are more willing to work at lower wages due to lower outside options. Second, I find that natives on short-term contracts, who are less subject to wage rigidities, do experience wage losses due to immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

French colonialism resulted in the inclusion of large numbers of West Africans into French educational institutions. Furthermore, the Senegambian region has a long history of intermarriage with French citizens. This paper draws on this history to explore the interplay between migration, education and binational marriage over several generations of West African students, with a particular focus on Senegal. Students from Francophone countries continue to seek educational opportunities in France, but in recent years they have been increasingly affected by the tightening up of immigration policies. In this context, this paper suggests that marriage to a French spouse often plays an important role in the fulfilment of educational projects, and that this role is contingent on issues of gender and class. At times, however, tensions between marriage in France and social expectations back home end up compromising education altogether. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This contribution examines the management of self-mutilations of detained immigrants awaiting deportation in French immigration detention centres. Drawing on ethnographic data, it analyses the struggles opposing members of detention staff over the prevention of self-inflicted wounds and the regulation of immigrant anxiety. They unfold around a contradiction: detention centres are not only a violent police institution, but also a ‘humanitarian’ realm, where extreme suffering calls for immediate relief. I first describe the ‘risk assessment system’ organised inside the detention centre to prevent mutilations through medical expertise. I then focus on practical dilemmas faced by Human Rights advocates operating inside detention centres. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Analysing restricted access census data, this paper examines the long-term trends of immigrant segregation in France from 1968 to 2007. Similarly to other European countries, France experienced a rise in the proportion of immigrants in its population that was characterised by a new predominance of non-European immigration. Despite this, average segregation levels remained moderate. While the number of immigrant enclaves increased, particularly during the 2000s, the average concentration for most groups decreased because of a reduction of heavily concentrated census tracts, and census tracts with few immigrants. Contradicting frequent assertions, neither mono-ethnic census tracts nor ghettos exist in France. By contrast, many immigrants live in census tracts characterised by a low proportion of immigrants from their own group and from all origins. A long residential period in France is correlated with lower concentrations and proportion of immigrants in the census tract for most groups, though these effects are sometimes modest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Durante los últimos veinte años, la provisión de alojamiento por parte del Gobierno para la población migrante de Calais ha priorizado la afirmación de la autoridad estatal por sobre la reducción del sufrimiento humano. Las políticas en 2015-2016, que implicaron la destrucción de alojamientos informales y el suministro de alojamiento alternativo básico, continuaron esta tendencia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late nineteenth century, France has been a destination for people outside its borders. In recent decades, most immigrants have come from outside of Europe, often from ex-colonies in Northern Africa, West Africa, and Indochina. The Parisian area has welcomed a disproportionate share of these immigrants and neighborhoods have been shaped and reshaped to reflect their presence. This paper examines three neighborhoods in Paris—Belleville, the Triangle de Choisy, and the Goutte d'Or—which are each composed of and shaped by separate ethnic populations. To a great extent, these neighborhoods are imprinted by commercial activity, often involving customers who come from well outside the neighborhood and networks that extend beyond the nation. They also show patterns of multiethnicity which allows for difference between groups to be maintained, even as the space shared between them is effectively negotiated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article is a study of the physical and social transformation of the Parisian quartier of Belleville since the 19th century. Immigration history and urban renovation have interacted and contributed to or limited the gentrification of the quartier. Certain features are known to affect the type and extent of gentrification: the nature of migrant communities; the legal status of migrants; ethnic relations between migrant and host communities; poverty; crime rates; social diversity and insalubrious housing stock. These factors will be examined in relation to Belleville with a focus on the four significant stages of urban renovation: the transformation of Paris under Haussmann and its flow-on effects; the post-WWII reconstruction period, marked principally by the Plan d'Aménagement et d'Organisation Générale de Paris (PADOG); the makeover of north-eastern Paris towards the end of the 20th century in the form of the Plan programme de l'est de Paris; and the ongoing results and repercussions of this makeover. The evidence points to the quartier being in a stage of partial gentrification. The potential for this process to extend to a state of mature gentrification will be examined with reference to quartiers such as the Marais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to determine the incidences of immigration and globalization on the French educational values and reforms. To explore these two dimensions, it is necessary to give a historical perspective through the reforms since 1958 to the present and to specify the French educational values through a content analysis of the Extracurricular Educational Activities Act (1984), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and the two secularism charters (1883 and 2013). The study finds that the education reforms reveal a continuous back-and-forth movement between principles of openness and closeness to new audiences with immigrants and to liberal school policy with PISA and PIRLS results in the context of globalization. The article concludes with major implications: France, with the diversity of religions, reaffirmed the secularism principle in 2013 and got an attitude of closeness. France, with its long history of public service, also has an attitude of openness with liberal reforms issued from international evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the meaning attributed to the national group as an entry point into how boundaries between the in-group and the out-group are formed. To do so, it focuses on the representation of the past of the group, taken as a symbolic resource able to produce a raison d'être for national groups, and does so within a dialogical framework. Using the transcripts of the French parliamentary debates on immigration from 2006, it proposes a qualitative analysis of collective narratives of the past along three axes: 1) what meaning do they give to the nation, 2) how is such a meaning produced, and 3) how do the stories told by different groups reply or relate to one another. By identifying the main narratives found in the data and how they relate to each other -- within and between groups -- it proposes to see collective memory as itself the product of symbolisation processes and, therefore, as a cultural tool especially powerful to produce meaning about the present. This paper also argues that collective memory is a situated construction negotiated with -- or contested by -- others, made possible by the presence of common historical benchmarks to which different meanings may however be attributed. Finally, it proposes to understand "immigration talk" as potentially the product of the identity questions faced by the national group, rather than the other way around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage migration and family reunification have become one of the few ways for migrants from former French colonies to gain legal entry to France. As a result, love, marriage, and kinship have become central to the politics of contemporary border control. Based on extensive research with Franco-Malagasy families in southwestern France, this article examines how couples negotiate the complexities of their binational relationships in the context of state-fostered xenophobia and suspicion. I suggest the analytic of a working mis/understanding to capture how these marriages operate. While at one level the working mis/understanding enables Malagasy women and French men to bridge their different notions of kinship, at another level it naturalizes a long-standing colonial relationship between France and Madagascar. I further consider how the sociocultural dynamics of the working mis/understanding illuminate how state regulations produce the commodification of intimate relations allegedly intrinsic to these marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses limits placed on the migrations of Gypsy, or Romani families in Europe during the period between the First and Second World Wars. Topics discussed include the history of immigration control, particularly on the border between France and Belgium, the social impact of limitations on Romani mobility, and questions of international and national law and policy on immigration.

The article discusses migration in France and how that history and experience might be applied to the Russian Federation in the early 21st century. It examines the history of migration in France since the French Revolution, French immigration policy and policies toward migrants during times of economic downturns social changes, and French efforts to stem illegal immigration. The article compares commonalities of migration in France and Russia, including regulation of migration, illegal immigration, and assimilation efforts.

This article examines the steps by which asylum and the rights of refugees were remade in France after the Liberation. The legacy of the pre-1940 period, in which exclusive practices such as legislative prohibitions on refugees, expulsion and internment were the norm, resulted in the need, after the war, to restate and reaffirm republican principles. The article will examine the ideological assumptions that lay behind the postwar asylum debate, and address why it was necessary to place asylum so firmly within republican political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The story of a couple of Portuguese migrants in France hit in the summer of 2013, the record ratings in theaters. The film "The Golden Cage" by Ruben Alves, recovered the theme of Portuguese emigration, at a time when this reached the boom recorded in the 1960s. Filmmaker refers to 'portugalidade' as an alleged 'belonging to Portugal', using his own route, which named as a cliché, and uses multiple stereotypes in a humorous way by which some shame that the children of immigrants feel toward their parents, as well as contrasts with the society they live in is shown. The great fiction in the film is the anticipation of the return to the country of origin, fulfilling the dream of subverting the logic: in the film, there are not the parents that returns back, but the children, who apparently aren't identified with the country of progenitors. The film sparked the debate about emigration, taking advantage of the economic crisis to reflect on his return in force as well as the profiles of new migrants. Did the Portuguese in the 'diaspora' still rekindle the 'Lusitanian' flame (Gonçalves, 2009)? And is the sharing of the name 'Portugal' enough just to highlight an alleged national identity (Sobral, 2012)? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the last decades of the thirteenth century Paris had a luxury silk cloth industry. Because the demands of weaving silk were considerably different from those of working with wool and linen, the introduction of silk weaving was usually accompanied by the immigration of silk weavers and entrepreneurs. Sources suggest that such immigrants did indeed make a contribution to the nascent silk industry of Paris: the mercers of Paris, who managed silk production, included men with roots in nearly every silk-producing region around the Mediterranean, and several silk workers were from Venice and Cyprus. The presence of these immigrants suggests that we need to rethink the composition of the population of Paris at this time and to take into consideration the ways in which contacts with the Mediterranean transformed the material culture of northern France toward the end of the age of crusades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how EU enlargement and the concomitant migration of some Roma to Western Europe influenced non-governmental organization (NGO) activity and the representation of Roma interests. It contributes to our understanding of whether European integration advances or reduces opportunities for representation and participation of marginalized groups. Based in part on interviews with NGOs advocating for Roma migrants in France, the author finds that the freedom of movement that came with EU membership gave rise to new and expanded representation of Roma interests through NGOs, with the EU playing an important role in this advocacy. For the most part, however, it has not led to greater Roma participation or to policy responses aimed at improving their situation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cet article se propose d’observer ce qui dans les œuvres des deux cinéastes Abdellatif Kechiche et Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche relève de la contestation et de la défense des droits humains. Il se base sur un corpus de films mettant en exergue la dénonciation de la politique migratoire française, tout en la confrontant aux idéaux prônés par la République. Il s’agit également d’examiner de quelle manière cette dénonciation prend une dimension universelle avec le filmVénus noireoù Kechiche procède à la critique d’une hégémonie blanche et raciale basée sur des présupposés scientifiques. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explores Irish migration, settlement, and commerce in the Atlantic coast ports of France in the period between the Glorious Revolution of 1688-9 and the Jacobite uprising of 1715. Drawing on extensive archival material and using current methodologies, this study suggests that the composition of society was vital in the development of international associations. This is particularly pertinent in a period characterized by warfare, religious fervour, and the rise of Jacobitism. Common allegiance to Catholicism and support for the Stuart dynasty in both Ireland and France provided a framework conducive to international cooperation, but the Irish who settled in France held both Catholic and Reformed beliefs, and were not necessarily products of the Jacobite movement. Migration and integration, and commercial practices and successes, were not determined solely by religious or political affiliation, but were influenced by the composition of society and the support and acceptance received by immigrants and traders therein. Through an analysis of the Franco- Irish case study, it is concluded here that the social context of mercantile activity was just as responsible as the political or religious climate in governing the development of international commercial relationships in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on color blind racism issues in France that gave rise to bias and discrimination against ethnic minority in the state. Topics discussed include the influence of France's race-neutral policies on prevention of bias and discrimination, migration from former French colonies in Northern and sub-Saharan Africa and the causes and impacts of segregation in the suburban communities nearby French cities. It mention the French antidiscrimination laws.

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L’ethnopsychiatrie s’est développée en Italie à partir surtout de la migration africaine massive des années 1990. Dérangés dans leurs activités routinières par les difficultés de communication, de compréhension et de traitement nés des échanges avec les nouveaux usagers, les agents de la santé, de l’éducation, des services sociaux et de l’administration ont obligé les institutions publiques et privées italiennes à une rapide mise à jour et à une ouverture sur les spécificités culturelles. Dans ce processus, les racines italiennes de l’ethnopsychiatrie ont été valorisées et redécouvertes, à partir de l’œuvre de Ernesto de Martino, des travaux de Michele Risso et de la critique de la psychiatrie par Franco Basaglia. En même temps, les apports venant d’ailleurs, et surtout de la tradition et de l’expérience françaises (notamment George Devereux et Tobie Nathan), ont été absorbés et métabolisés. Tout en présentant une grande variété au niveau des références théoriques et des modèles d’application, l’ethnopsychiatrie italienne présente aujourd’hui des traits spécifiques issus de sa propre histoire et elle commence à se donner des moyens et des méthodes spécifiques de transmission et d’enseignement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the criticisms on three French documentary motion pictures which include "Harragas," "Welcome" and "Indignados" directed by Merzak Allouache, Philippe Lioret, and Tony Gatlif respectively. The films explore the issue of immigration and to challenge neoliberal globalization. It presents the socioeconomic consequences of contemporary migratory flows in the French Colonialism.

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the late-1950s, the Parisian suburbs of Saint-Denis and Asnières-sur-Seine launched major urban renovation projects to eliminate the bidonvilles, shantytowns that often housed North African migrants. While Asnières viewed the bidonville occupants as obstacles to modernization, Saint-Denis billed its efforts as a humanitarian project to provide migrants with better housing and to support migrants' rights and social welfare. Officials in Asnières used their renovation plans to bring new, metropolitan French, families into the reclaimed areas and redistribute the single male workers outside their city. Dionysien officials, however, aimed at inclusion, providing new accommodation within the city for many families and a majority of workers. The renovation efforts in these two cities demonstrate the diversity of French reactions to North African migrants, suggest the existence of alternative notions of local community identity, and highlight the importance of the Algerian War in defining France's migration framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the policies that the French government pursued to house repatriates from Algeria in 1962. These initiatives took place in the context of a French society overwhelmed by eight years of war, OAS terrorism that sought to overthrow the established order in metropolitan France, and the arrival of more than 600,000 people during the spring and the summer of 1962, a migration that challenged the social and economic balance of the country. To spare the repatriates the need to settle in shantytowns that would have put them on the fringe of society, the government opened collective housing and other centres d'hébergement. These efforts served the purpose of a policy of integration established through the 26 December 1962 law for people who were paradoxically both migrants and members of the national community. This policy in fact helped facilitate their integration into the metropolitan society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French government placed 20,000 of the approximately 100,000 harkis repatriated to France following the Algerian War in the Rivesaltes camp. Located in rural French Catalonia, it had previously lodged foreigners and French citizens whom the government removed from society. The decision to house the harkis in this camp, made during summer 1962 as the French government extricated itself from its 132-year empire in Algeria, symbolized that they were aliens: Berber and Arab repatriates, nearly all of whom obtained French nationality shortly after they arrived in France, were targeted by government housing policies that distanced them from public view. The camp's architecture, living conditions, isolation from French citizens, military oversight, and 'reeducation' classes, beyond functioning as powerful symbols, reinforced-and contributed to-the government's treatment of the harkis as aliens. Over the twenty-seven months it remained open, Rivesaltes fostered an exilic existence for these harkis and socially excluded them from French society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]