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The paper presents justification of a binder material for incorporating carbon particles into the interfiber space of electromagnetic radiation absorber. A method for carbon particles incorporation into a fibrous material has been developed. It is based on applying a carbon-containing nanocomposite to the fibrous material’s surface. Previously, the research of carbon particles incorporation into a synthetic material by using an aqueous solution were carried out, which ensured a uniform distribution of carbon particles in the material structure. However, the properties of the material have changed significantly upon mechanical deformation. Therefore, the carbon particles incorporation process was investigated using various nanocomposites obtained on the basis of mixtures of vinyl acetate polymer, or epoxy polymer, or surface-active substance with carbon black. Based on the results of electron microscopic analysis and the reflection and transmission coefficients frequency dependences in the frequency range 0.7–17 GHz, the efficiency of using a nanocomposite based on a mixture of surface-active substance and carbon black to create electromagnetic radiation absorbers was justified. Such electromagnetic radiation absorbers have the transmission coefficient value about –18 dB and reflection coefficient value about –12 dB in the frequency range 7–13 GHz. Carbon-containing electromagnetic radiation absorbers based on fibrous material have thickness less than 3 mm, properties of flexibility and resistance to mechanical deformation. It can be used in various fields, in particular for hiding objects from radio frequency reconnaissance or protecting equipment from external interference.

This article provides a review of the literature addressing the risk of complications of vaccination, including neurological complications. Several vaccines associated with the development of vaccine-induced febrile convulsions (FC), such as adsorbed diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, have been shown to be able to provoke FC though they are not its cause. Thus, postponement of vaccination to later ages in children does not reduce the risk of developing FC. International and Russian recommendations for the vaccination of children with epilepsy, West syndrome, and Dravet syndrome are considered separately.

Introduction The incidence of forearm deformities in children with multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) ranges from 30 to 80 %. There are few studies of deformities of the forearm in MHE patients in the literature that describe not only the location of exostoses and position of the head of the radius but also the true variants of forearm deformities. The aim of the study was to investigate forearm bone deformities in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. Materials and methods Radiographs of the bones of the forearm in 84 patients (151 limbs) diagnosed with multiple hereditary exostoses in the age of four to 17 years who were treated at our institute from 2004 to 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The study involved 47 boys and 37 girls; 67 patients (80 %) had bilateral lesions, and 17 patients (20 %) had lesions of only one upper limb. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the type according to the Jo and Jung’s classification. The deformities were evaluated based on radiological methods in accordance with the reference linesand angles for the forearm bones. Results The most common variants of forearm deformities were revealed: varus recurvatum at the border of the upper and middle third of the ulna (55 %), varus recurvatum at the border of the upper and middle third of the ulna associated with varus of the radius in the middle third (15 % of cases); as well as their combinations accompanied by dislocation or subluxation of the radial head (30 %). RAA (radial articular angle) and RB (radial bowing) did not have significant difference in various types of deformities of the forearm according to Jo and Jung’s classification. Conclusion The study of the variety of forearm deformities in children due to multiple hereditary exostoses will assist in a differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment methods depending on the type of deformity.

This study presents the first results of oxygen isotope analyses (18O) collected on zircons from the Talnakh economic intrusion within the Norilsk province. Zircons from gabbro-diorite, gabbroic rocks of the layered series and plagioclase-bearing wehrlite have similar mantle-like mean 18O values (5,39 0,49; 5,64 0,48 and of 5,28 0,34, respectively), which differ from 18O in zircons from sulfide-bearing melanocratic troctolite with a taxitic texture in the lower part of the intrusion (mean 18O = 6,50 0,98). These new oxygen isotope data support (i) the mantle-derived origin of the primary magma(s), parental to the Talnakh intrusion, and (ii) possible involvement of a crustal component during the formation of sulfide-bearing taxitic-textured rocks.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of death in patients with epilepsy and occurs at least 20 times more often in patients with fore mentioned condition compared with healthy people. During epileptic seizures, a significant proportion of patients develop heart rate variability and respiratory depression. It is assumed that these cardiorespiratory complications are the most probable risk factor for the development of SUDEP. Asystole and ventricular fibrillation, developing immediately after the seizure, are the most significant arrhythmias in the pathophysiology of SUDEP. Discoordination of the autonomic nervous system activity in connection with the involvement of autonomous control centers in epileptic activity leads to the emerging cardiopulmonary pathology. In patients with long-term resistant epilepsy, chronic dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is formed and, as a consequence, a greater predisposition to the disturbances of heart rhythm. A detailed study of cardiac disorders during epileptic seizures will provide the key for understanding the risks of developing SUDEP and developing some approaches to its prevention.

The nature of micropore size distribution in a number of amorphous polymer glasses (membrane materials and sorbents) has been discussed on the basis of data on positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and low-temperature CO2 gas sorption (LTGS). The LTGS (CO2) technique in combination with mathematical processing by the density functional theory gives a multimodal size distribution of micropores in the range of effective diameters of 0.5–1.5 nm for PIM-1 type polymers of intrinsic microporosity. The positron annihilation data (time distribution of annihilation emission events) are also satisfactorily processed under the assumption of multimodality. The results have been discussed in terms of the “local rigidity” of the materials under consideration.

This study evaluates for the first time Hf-isotope characteristics of zircon from dunite of the Kondyor massif, which is closely related to an economic platinum placer deposit. The significant range in εHf(t) values (from -8.4 ± 0.8 to 10.5 ± 1.3) in Mesozoic zircons indicates the interaction of a ‘juvenile’ mantle source with distinct magma sources, equivalent to a subcontinental lithospheric mantle and/or a continental crust. The peculiarities of the Hf-isotopic composition of Precambrian zircons (εHf(t) from -2.3 to +0.3) is consistent with their xenogenic origin and inheritance from basement rocks of the Siberian Craton.

The results of the study of electromagnetic radiation shields based on fibrous material containing carbon black particles are presented. They are designed to protect the human body from the negative effect of electromagnetic waves.

The main research results obtained in 2014-2018 in the direction «Materials, elements and devices of electronic equipment» are presented.

Misdiagnosis of epilepsy is a common phenomenon (up to 20% of the total population of patients with epilepsy and up to 30–40% in the population of pharmacoresistant epilepsy) and dangerous, leads to significant social restrictions and is accompanied by significant unjustified medical expenses. The objective reasons for misdiagnosis include a large number (about 40) of conditions that are similar and often indistinguishable in their clinical manifestations from epileptic seizures, descriptive character and lack of obligatory diagnostic criteries (especially electroencephalographic), limiting medical access to the necessary research methods. The subjective errors include insufficiently collecting anamnesis, exaggerating the possibility of developing a more rare disease (in this case epilepsy), a false impression of the doctor that if epilepsy is not diagnosed, then it will have the most terrible consequences. The situation of misdiagnosis is aggravated by the fact that neurophysiologists are more likely to overestimate the EEG in the direction of epileptic and epileptiform (interictal) phenomena. Subjective errors are eliminated by learning and self-learning. Even the most experienced epileptologists can make mistakes with the diagnosis, and in a certain sense mistakes are inevitable. We can’t always wait for the final diagnosis and often have to start treatment without being 100% sure of the diagnosis of epilepsy. Therefore, it is necessary to practice the periodic revision of the diagnosis of epilepsy, especially in cases where the disease is difficult to treat.

The measurements results of the electromagnetic properties of schungite-based finishing agents are given. The schungite-based finishing agents could be used for shielding of electromagnetic radiation from electronic facilities to provide electromagnetic protection in the residential areas and to create protection from electromagnetic emanation from medical equipment. The electromagnetic radiation transfer coefficient provided by the samples of finishing agents is in the range from -10 to -30 dB in the frequency range 0,5-18 GHz.

The research results of structure, chemical composition, reflection and transmission coefficients of powder shungite after heat treatment at 900 °С for 2 h are presented. According X-ray diffraction study, orthoclase was formed, modifications of carbon saved. Transmission coefficient increased in 12 dB in the range 8-12 GHz.

The research results of obtaining process of flexible electromagnetic radiation shields with particles incorporation in fiber or foam base by impregnating carbon-containing glued compounds are given. Micrographs of surfaces and cross sections of the samples which show the distribution of carbon particles in the material are shown. Frequency characteristics of reflection and transmission coefficients of such carbonaceous materials are analyzed.

The optical properties of the cornea are determined by its ability to refract and transmit light. Keratoconus changes cornea’s shape, the surface of the cornea becomes irregular, which leads to a violation of light refraction and the occurrence of optical aberrations. The progressing course of the disease and its late detection lead to a delayed start of therapeutic measures, which affects the prognosis of the disease progression and reduces the patient’s quality of life. The quality of visual functions depends on the stage of the process. There are 4 stages of keratoconus (according to M. Asler), each of which corresponds to certain changes in refraction and degree of deformation of the cornea. Early biomicroscopic signs are: “dilution” of the stroma (inhomogeneity of the cornea and a grayish tint in the zone of the developing apex), change in the shape of endothelial cells and clearly visible nerve endings due to longitudinal thickening. In the second stage of keratoconus, the biomicroscopic picture is complemented by the appearance of keratoconus lines (Vogt’s striae). The opacities of the Bowman’s membrane indicate the beginning of the scarring process and the transition of the disease to its third stage. The fourth stage of the disease is characterized by further development of stromal opacities and the occurrence of gross changes of the Descemet’s membrane. Advanced medical equipment for topographic mapping and measuring the cornea makes it much easier for ophthalmologists to diagnose keratoconus and choose more effective treatment methods: crosslinking or surgical treatment. Later it allows to stabilize keratoconus, but does not provide high visual acuity due to the induction of optical aberrations, including high order optical aberrations. Contact lens vision correction is the main way to correct the refractive error resulting from keratoconus. However, the use of corneal gas permeable or soft contact lenses cannot provide high quality vision, additionally causing discomfort associated with their excessive mobility. The use of scleral gas permeable contact lenses is the most effective method of optical correction of all stages of keratoconus and after keratoplasty.

The influence of composite coating composition based on powdered charcoal with different binders on the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation shielding in the frequency range 0,7…17 GHz are researched. It is shown that the deposition of a composite coating on the developed surface structure with pyramidal irregularities increases the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation shielding an average of 10…12 dB throughout the investigated frequency range.

The research results of influence fiber materials drenching carbonaceous solution on attenuation electromagnetic radiation properties are presented. Micrographs of surfaces and cross sections of the samples, which show the distribution of carbon particles in the material, are shown. Frequency characteristics of reflection and transmission coefficients of such carbonaceous materials are analyzed.

The technology of multilayer electromagnetic radiation shields production with use of composite materials on the basis of expanded perlite sand and powdered carbon materials of various types is proposed. The electromagnetic radiation attenuation and reflection of coefficients frequency dependences of shields produced by the proposed technology are investigated. The recommendations for the practical application of such screens are developed.

An experimental justification of the content of electromagnetic shields constructions based on powdered perlite characterized by fire resistance property is made. The electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission characteristics of such constructions before and after exposure to them by the open flame are researched.

The research results of reflection and transmission coefficients of flexible composite materials based on carbon black and hydrogels in the range 8…12 GHz are presented. Spectral and polarization properties of carbon materials in the visible wavelength range (450 ... 940 nm) were analyzed. Recommendations for using composite materials based on carbon black and hydrogels for hiding objects on different background were formed.

Results of the study of Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic composition of Late Paleozoic granitoids of Central Chukotka are represented on the example of Kibera and Kuekvun plutons. The age of granitoids of these plutons and granites from pebbles in conglomerates in the base of overlying Lower Carboniferous deposits is 351–363 Ma (U–Pb zircon, TIMS, SIMS, LA–ICP–MS). Thus, granitoid magmatism corresponds in time to tectonic events of Elsmerian orogeny in Arctic region. Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic composition of granitoids indicate participation of mantle and crustal components in the source of granite melts. Granitoids formation probably occurred in geodynamic setting of Andean type continental margin during the interaction between mantle melts, forming at the mantle wedge melting in suprasubduction conditions, and continental crust.

Damage of peripheral joints and spine is a frequent manifestation of spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). One of the most frequent and typical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is inflammatory back pain (IBP), which is determined according to the IBP criteria of the International society for the study of spondyloarthritis (The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society – ASAS) 2009. The diagnosis of axSpA is based on the identification of combination of typical changes in the sacroiliac joints (presence of sacroiliitis according to MRI or radiography) with a characteristic clinical picture. However, the diagnostic significance of these criteria and the possibility of use in patients with IBD and chronic back pain have not been studied.Subjects and methods. The study included 84 patients with IBD and back pain. The mean age of patients was 40.5±11.9 years, the duration of IBD symptoms – 8.11±7.67 years.Results and discussion. In our study, the sensitivity of the ASAS criteria for IBD was 76.9% and specificity – 67.2%, positive predictive value was 0.51, a negative predictive value – 0.87. The likelihood ratio of a positive result is 2.3, the likelihood ratio of a negative result is 0.3.Conclusion. The main diagnostic characteristics of ASAS IBD criteria (2009) for patients with IBD were comparable with those in the population of patients with chronic back pain (sensitivity – 79.6% and specificity – 72.4%).

Nucleosome core particles (NCPs) are basic units of chromatin organization; they represent the most convenient model system for the study of key DNA-dependent processes. Therefore, a robust method of nucleosome assembly is important for research. To prepare NCPs, purified histones and DNAs with sequences providing strong positioning of DNA relative to histone octamer are commonly used, and a method to control the efficacy of NCP reconstruction is required. Aim. To optimize the procedure for NCP reconstitution from purified histone octamers and different types of synthetic model DNAs and develop a new approach for express analysis of the efficacy of NCP reconstitution. Methods. Dialysis, PAAG, fluorescence measurement using the Eva-Green dye. Results. We first developed a convenient procedure for NCP assembly in a low-salt buffer with a variable DNA-histone ratio at the first stage. Once the optimal ratio was determined, NCPs could be assembled by a slow gradient dialysis. The efficacy of NCP assembly can be estimated directly in the solution using the Eva-Green dye. Conclusions. The efficacy of dye intercalation into DNA duplex was sharply reduced in the nucleosomal context. The main benefits of the proposed approach are the rapid analysis directly in the solution and possibility to use DNAs without any special tags. Нуклеосомна корова частка, НКЧ, являє собою зручну модельну систему для вивчення ключових ДНК-залежних процесів, оскільки є елементарною одиницею структури хроматину. Саме тому основним завданням представленого дослідження було створення універсального методу збірки нуклеосом. Для реконструкції НКЧ використовуються очищені гістони і ДНК-структури з певними послідовностями, що забезпечують чітке позиціонування ДНК відносно октамера гістонів. Це вимагає наявності способу контролю ефективності реконструкції НКЧ. Мета. Оптимізувати процедуру реконструкції НКЧ з очищених октамер гістонів і різних типів синтезованих модельних ДНК і запропонувати підхід для експрес-аналізу ефективності цього процесу. Методи. Діаліз, поділ в ПААГ, вимір флуоресценції з використанням барвника Eva-Green. Результати. Ми розробили зручну процедуру складання НКЧ в слабо сольовому буфері із змінним співвідношенням ДНК-гістони на першому етапі. Після визначення оптимального співвідношення реконструкція НКЧ може бути проведена за допомогою повільного градиентного діалізу. На цьому етапі ефективність процесу може бути оцінена безпосередньо в розчині з використанням барвника Eva-Green. Висновки. Було показано, що ефективність интеркаляции барвника в дуплекс ДНК в контексті нуклеосоми різко знижується. До основних переваг запропонованого підходу можна віднести швидкий аналіз суміші безпосередньо в розчині і можливість використання ДНК, що не містять будь-яких спеціальних міток. Нуклеосомная коровая частица, НКЧ, представляет собой удобную модельную систему для изучения ключевых ДНК-зависимых процессов, поскольку является элементарной единицей структуры хроматина. Именно поэтому основной задачей представленного исследования было создание универсального метода сборки нуклеосом. Для реконструкции НКЧ используются очищенные гистоны и ДНК-структуры с определенными последовательностями, обеспечивающими четкое позиционирование ДНК относительно октамера гистонов. Это требует наличия способа контроля эффективности реконструкции НКЧ. Цель. Оптимизировать процедуру реконструкции НКЧ из очищенных октамеров гистонов и различных типов синтезированных модельных ДНК и предложить подход для экспресс-анализа эффективности этого процесса. Методы. Диализ, разделение в ПААГ, измерение флуоресценции с использованием красителя Eva-Green. Результаты. Мы разработали удобную процедуру сборки НКЧ в слабо солевом буфере с изменяемым соотношением ДНК-гистоны на первом этапе. После определения оптимального соотношения реконструкция НКЧ может быть проведена с помощью медленного градиентного диализа. На этом этапе эффективность процесса может быть оценена непосредственно в растворе с использованием красителя Eva-Green. Выводы. Было показано, что эффективность интеркаляции красителя в дуплекс ДНК в контексте нуклеосомы резко снижается. К основным преимуществам предложенного подхода можно отнести быстрый анализ смеси непосредственно в растворе и возможность использования ДНК, не содержащих каких-либо специальных меток.

A sulfur-oxidizing, filamentous, gliding micro-organism, strain D3T, was isolated from a sulfidic spring in Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar, Russia. The cell walls were Gram-negative. The new isolate was a microaerophilic facultative anaerobe and an obligate chemolithoautotroph. The pH range for growth was pH 6.8–7.6, with an optimum at pH 7.2. The temperature range for growth was 10–46 °C, with an optimum at 32 °C. The G+C content of DNA was 42.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain D3T belongs to the family Beggiatoaceae , order Thiotrichales and was distantly related to the genera of the family Beggiatoaceae (86–88 % sequence similarity). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-6. Major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7 (37.6 %), C16 : 0 (34.7 %) and C16: 1 ω7 (27.7 %). On the basis of its physiological properties and the results of phylogenetic analysis, strain D3T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Thioflexithrix psekupsensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3T (=KCTC 62399=UNIQEM U981).

Febrile seizures are the age-dependent and predictively favorable condition, which is observed in children under 6 years. All febrile seizures are divided into simple (2/3 of all cases), complex and febrile status. Complicated seizuresinclude attacks with focalsymptoms, prolonged and recurring throughout the day. Simple febrile seizures are short, generalized, not repeated. Simple seizures do not harm the child’s neuropsychic development, they do not transform into epilepsy, and do not need chronic prescription of anticonvulsant therapy. A child with normal development and simple febrile seizures does not need an obligatory EEG and MRI of the brain. All the patients of 18 months old or less with the first episode of febrile seizures need to be hospitalized. The risk of recurrence of seizures and their transformation into epilepsy is higher in a child with complex seizures. There is a small group of children with prolonged seizures and / or febrile status, often with neuropsychiatric developmental delay, which needs to be monitored by a neurologist and further examination. Sometimes doctor prescribes long-term anticonvulsant therapy for the children of this group. Febrile seizures can be prevented with special dosage of anticonvulsant drugs quickly reaching a therapeutic concentration in the child’s brain. Febrile seizures are not a contraindication to vaccination and revaccination, attention should be paid in case of DTP vaccination in children with repeated prolonged seizures and / or febrile status.Conflict of interest: The author of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

Background. Adequate selection of the 1st antiepileptic drug (AED) is an obligatory condition for the successful treatment of epilepsy. It is well known that the first drug in the treatment of infantile spasms (IS) in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is vigabatrin (VGB). With regard to focal seizures (FS) in TSC, there are certain differences: some authors insist on VGB (P. Curatolo, 2012), others as the first choice drugs are mentioning carbamazepine and valproate (A. Saxena, 2015). Data in general on the possible effectiveness of medical treatment of epilepsy in TSC, and the effectiveness of different AEDs are also contradictory.Objective: to make a comparative evaluation of the efficacy of various AEDs in the treatment of epilepsy in patients with TC.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized with epilepsy and TSC in the Department of Epileptology and Psychoneurology, Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Yu.E Vel’tishev of N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, for the last 2 years was completed. Efficacy analysis was conducted in 134 patients (91 (67.9 %) with FS and 43 (32.1 %) with IS). Efficacy was estimated as the remission of epileptic seizures during 6 months. The percentage of patients with remission was also evaluated (seizures were stopped for 1 year or more) and percentage of patients with a decrease in the number of seizures. The results of the first monotherapy and the subsequent administration of two and three AEDs were analyzed.Results. Low efficiency of AEDs in starting monotherapy was noted – the remission of seizures within 6 months on any AED was only 27.5 % (25 from 91) with FS, with IS – 13.9 % (6 from 43). Remission on any 1st AED was observed only in 13.2 % (12 from 91) and 6.9 % (3 from 43), respectively. The effectiveness of individual AED is low, especially in achieving stable remission. So, valproate caused remission of FS in 14 (22.2 %) from 63, but in the future remission was stable only in 11 (17.5 %) from 63. VGB as the first monotherapy proved to be effective in 5 from 6 patients with FS and in 4 from 6 patients with IS. The introduction of the 2nd drug added another 13.3 % and 38.6 % of patients with remission of seizures, the 3rd AED – 7.3 % and 7.7 % in FS and IS, respectively. Most often, an effective drug in additional therapy was VGB. The efficiency of VGB was reduced if it was used not as the first, but as the second and third AED. The percentage of unsuccessful treatment (including combined therapy) is estimated as 51.5 % and 47.8 % of patients with FS and IS, respectively.Conclusion. Epilepsy associated with TSC is less sensitive to AEDs and gives a smaller percentage of remissions. Perhaps in our country this is due to the difficulties of prescription of VGB as a starting therapy for epilepsy in the patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.

It is well known that sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is one of the most significant factors of mortality in epileptic patients. There is an increased risk of SUDEP in genetic epileptic encephalopathies (EE), partly because those syndromes are associated with mutations in the “neurocardiac” genes, which have been implicated in both epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias. In these clinical conditions, functions of ion selective channels (sodium, potassium and etc.) are affected; for example, in children with Dravet syndrome, the risk of SUDEP is 40 times higher than that in children with common epilepsy syndromes. In a murine model of SCN1A epilepsy, a prolongation of QT interval coincided with a seizure; in addition, an excessive excitability of cultured cardiomyocytes was demonstrated. A high risk of SUDEP is characteristic for EE caused by mutation in the SCN8A gene. Other prognostic biomarkers of SUDEP may include mutations in sodium channel genes, such as SCN4A, SCN10A, and SCN11A. Our knowledge about SUDEP associated with potassium channel dysfunctions is still very limited. There are likely some mutations in other genes, that can modify (increase or decrease) the risk of SUDEP in EE. If patients with genetic EE are indeed at a high risk for SUDEP, they must be followed up by cardiologists alongside with neurologists. Provided this hypothesis is proved, any newly diagnosed arrhythmia should be carefully monitored and treated (with medications and/or interventions), in order to improve the survival rate in genetic EE.

Variation in the spermathecal bulb morphology was studied in two species of the genus Palomena Mulsant et Rey, 1866: P. prasina (Linnaeus, 1761) and P. viridissima (Poda, 1761). The spermathecal bulb bears 2–4 processes of different shape and length and is highly variable in both species. The bulb with 2 processes predominates in P. viridissima (75% of specimens examined) while the bulb with 3 processes is marginally more common in P. prasina (56% of specimens examined). The processes are mostly straight in the former species and often curved in different ways in the latter species. The highest variation of the spermathecal bulb in P. viridissima was observed in Primorskii Territory, i.e., the easternmost part of the species range, and in P. prasina, in European Russia and Central Asia. Up to three different types of the spermathecal bulb were found in specimens from one collection locality. Geographic variation of this character was assessed using rarefaction curves to eliminate dependence on the sample size. In some cases, differences in the spermathecal bulb structure were greater between certain geographic populations of the same species than between the two species. Principal component analysis showed that despite the above trends, the two Palomena species did not differ significantly in the spermatheca structure. Therefore, the use of this character for taxa identification requires caution, particularly when conclusions are based on examination of one or a few preparations.

June 12, 2020, marks the 145th anniversary of birth of a brilliant doctor, scientist, and one of the founders of Russian haematology, Nikolay Konstantinovich Goryaev.

It is shown that shallow flat-cut tillage contributes to the formation of water-soluble organic matter and causes a significant differentiation of 0-10 and 10-20 cm of the layer according to the content of mobile organic matter. The use of tools with plane-cutting working organs contributed to the accumulation of a plant residues mass, the microbiological activation of their transformation processes and the accumulation of young organic compounds in the upper part of the root layer, significantly exceeding the layer of 10-20 cm.

The regulation of repair processes including base excision repair (BER) in the presence of DNA damage is implemented by a cellular signal: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), which is catalysed by PARP1 and PARP2. Despite ample studies, it is far from clear how BER is regulated by PARPs and how the roles are distributed between the PARPs. Here, we investigated the effects of PARP1, PARP2 and PARylation on activities of the main BER enzymes (APE1, DNA polymerase β [Polβ] and DNA ligase IIIα [LigIIIα]) in combination with BER scaffold protein XRCC1 in the nucleosomal context. We constructed nucleosome core particles with midward- or outward-oriented damage. It was concluded that in most cases, the presence of PARP1 leads to the suppression of the activities of APE1, Polβ and to a lesser extent LigIIIα. PARylation by PARP1 attenuated this effect to various degrees depending on the enzyme. PARP2 had an influence predominantly on the last stage of BER: DNA sealing. Nonetheless, PARylation by PARP2 led to Polβ inhibition and to significant stimulation of LigIIIα activities in a NAD+-dependent manner. On the basis of the obtained and literature data, we suggest a hypothetical model of the contribution of PARP1 and PARP2 to BER.

Aim: to estimate the quality and availability of medical care for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), to assess the impact of the economic burden of these diseases on the healthcare budget of Russia and to systematize the main problems in the organization of medical care and drug supply for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).Regional IBD databases (2016-2018), official statistical databases, costs of treatment and results of expert interviews with specialists in IBD were used in the study.The analyzed databases showed 104,668 patients with UC in Russia in 2018 (prevalence rate 71 per 100,000 people) and 66,647 patients with CD (prevalence rate of 45 per 100,000 people). The economic burden including agents for biologic therapy (ABT) for the UC was 39.54 billion rubles a year (495 rubles per capita), and CD - 32.98 billion rubles a year (378 rubles per capita). It requires an additional 9.87 billion rubles annually for UC and 9.20 billion rubles annually for CD patients to provide the complete supply with ABT.The annual burden of IBD is 72.52 billion rubles, which is comparable to the costs of other socially significant diseases, including malignant tumors. It shows the high social and economic value of IBD for the country. The main problems of medical care and drug supply for IBD patients are the mismatch of official statistical data and real IBD prevalence in Russia due to absence of comprehensive register and the insufficient supply with ABT due to limited funding. A federal center for IBD should be founded for better quality of registration, for the precise monitoring and for the active management of personal drug supply.

A number of epileptologists often diagnose Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, while others almost never do. It is necessary to understand why this is happening, especially since Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, according to literature descriptions, is quite common. Aim. To systematize available data on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, which will help to improve the quality of diagnosis and management of patients.Materials and methods. Qualitative scientific publications from the International Scientific Databases (ISDS), including peer-reviewed journals and monographs, were selected for the review. The plan of the review included a brief description of the syndrome; seizure types; EEG features; diagnosis criteria; treatment.Results and discussion. None of the seizure types are pathognomonic for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The syndrome is considered to be confirmed if typical seizures (predominantly tonic) with typical interictal patterns without atypical EEG characteristics are reported. A diagnosis of the syndrome is considered probable if there are typical EEG patterns of waking and sleeping, but no tonic seizures are detected. The first choice of the treatment is valproate. Possible alternatives are lamotrigine and topiramate. Rufinamide and zonisamide are available as the second line of antiepileptic drugs. Rufinamide should be used when there is no effect from valproate and lamotrigine. Rufinamide also has antiabsance activity.Conclusion. “Classic” Lennox-Gasto syndrome is rare. Cases of “probable” Lennox-Gasto syndrome are much more frequent, and not all criteria of its diagnosis are observed. Taken into account the blurring of the diagnosis criteria for Lennox-Gasto syndrome and data on the efficacy of rufinamide in children with another epilepsies, it is possible to use this drug not only for Lennox-Gasto syndrome, but also for other epileptic syndromes, especially those with dropattacks, tonic seizures and atypical absences.

DNA is constantly attacked by different damaging agents; therefore, it requires frequent repair. On the one hand, the base excision repair (BER) system is responsible for the repair of the most frequent DNA lesions. On the other hand, the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) is one of the main DNA damage response reactions that is catalysed by members of the PARP family. PARP1, which belongs to the PARP family and performs approximately 90% of PAR synthesis in cells, could be considered a main regulator of the BER process. Most of the experimental data concerning BER investigation have been obtained using naked DNA. However, in the context of the eukaryotic cell, DNA is compacted in the nucleus, and the lowest compaction level is represented by the nucleosome. Thus, the organization of DNA into the nucleosome impacts the DNA-protein interactions that are involved in BER processes. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is thought to regulate the initiation of the BER process at the chromatin level. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms involved in BER in the nucleosomal context and the potential effect of PARylation, which is catalysed by DNA-dependent PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 proteins, on this process.

This study was devoted to the learning changes in the structure of erythrocyte membranes at the level of molecular bonds during their storage at a positive temperature by means method of infrared spectroscopy (IR). Objects of research were red blood cells (RBCs) into bags containing preservative CPD and RBCs into bags containing preservative CPDA-1. As membrane protective used saline which had previously been treated with magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB) by the Belousov’s method. The physiological solution that was treated with nanoparticles was added to the preserved RBCs according to the developed method. Sample of control was the addition of intact saline. Analysis of changes occurring in the IR spectra of samples of control and test in the CPD medium was showed that during the first 28 days storage of: (1) In the suspension of control of the RBCs, noticeable destructive changes in the molecular structure membrane of erythrocytes at the 14th day storage begins. After three weeks, the molecular structure membrane of erythrocytes is completely destroyed; (2) In the sample of test there was a weakening and rupture of molecular bonds only at the 28th day storage of RBCs. Complete destruction of the structure of membrane of erythrocytes occurs at the 35th day storage. Analysis of changes occurring in the IR spectra of samples of control and test in the CPDA-1 medium was showed that during 49 days storage of: (1) In the suspension of control of RBCs noticeable destructive changes in the molecular structure begins in four weeks, and after six weeks storage the molecular structure of erythrocytes membrane are completely destroyed; (2) In the sample of test, a significant weakening of intra-and intermolecular bonds in the structure of erythrocytes membrane occurs after six weeks. However, the complete destruction of the structure is not observed. After seven weeks storage of erythrocytes obvious violations of the molecular structure of lipids and proteins that make up the RBCs are visible but some of the strongest compounds still remain. In general, the results clearly showed that the presented method of application of nanotechnology significantly increases the storage time of RBCs in different versions of preservatives due to mechanisms to reduce violations of the molecular structure of proteins and lipids in the erythrocyte membranes. Presented method of application of nanotechnology is not only safe for use in practice in the Blood Service, Transfusiology and Hematology, but also is the most promising innovation project.

This study was devoted to the learning of the use of nanotechnology to correct the functional activity of red blood cells (RBCs) at the storage stages at a positive temperature. It was established that saline NaCl, which had previously been processed by magnetite nanoparticles (ICNB) had a marked membrane-stabilizing effect, inhibits hemolysis and increasing the sedimentation stability of preserved RBCs. The complex analysis of the obtained data allowed to determine the primary mechanisms effect of the saline NaCl, which had previously been processed by ICNB on the preserved RBCs. The proposed method of additive modernization of preserved RBCs was adapted to the production process. The optimisation results were obtained in creating a simple and practical method of additive modernization of preservation solutions that does not violate the compliance requirements, improves the quality, efficiency and safety transfusion of RBCs.

Endoscopic screening is the main method of colon examination. An important factor for the accurate diagnosis of various pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the lower part of the digestive tract is the degree of its visualization, which directly depends on the quality of preparation for colonoscopy. There are many colon cleansers, but the peristaltic motion of the gut slows down in various diseases and syndromes, which results in the reduced accuracy of endoscopy.The paper presents the analysis of colon preparation quality using Phospho-soda (Casen Recordati, S.L., Spain) for colonoscopy in 198 patients with pathological conditions that impedes passage of all bowel contents: inflammatory bowel disease, acromegaly, and hypotonia of the large intestine. The authors carried out a comparative analysis with a control group, which included 106 patients without factors that slowed down the peristaltic motion of the intestine, who were preparing for endoscopic examination according to a similar scheme.The study showed that using Phospho-soda to prepare for endoscopic examination in patients with decreased colonic tone resulted in the efficacy of the drug comparable with its efficacy in a group of patients without dysmotility.

Due to that one patient may be at high risk for developing several immunoinflammatory diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and Crohn's disease (CD)), their early diagnosis and adequate therapy are extremely relevant. The Interdisciplinary Working Group that includes experts in rheumatology, gastroenterology and dermatology has developed draft guidelines for early diagnosis, methods for activity assessments and for indications for the use of biological agents in patients with concomitant immunoinflammatory diseases (psoriasis, PsA, and CD). In accordance with the decision adopted by the Council of Experts and with the results of a discussion with experts from different regions of the Russian Federation, further steps will be undertaken to validate the guidelines.

The formation of isopoly tungstate anions (IPTAs) in water–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions was studied by potentiometric titration, followed by mathematical modeling, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Logarithmic equilibrium constants and Gibbs free energies were calculated for IPTA formation from $$\rm{WO}_4^{2-}$$ and Н+ in the $$\rm{WO}_4^{2-}$$ –H+(DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) system for various solution acidities Z=v(H+)/v( $$\rm{WO}_4^{2-}$$ ). A scheme was suggested for IPTA interconversions at various DMSO contents in solution. Dimethyl sulfoxide was found to have a stabilizing effect on [W7O24]6– and [W10O32]4– anions. The distribution diagrams and the calculated thermodynamic parameters of IPTA formation were used to determine optimal conditions for preparing decatungstates from water–DMSO solutions, which consisted in using sodium tungstate solutions acidified to Z = 1.60 and containing ϕ(DMSO) = 40%.

Introduction The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) among hospitalised patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) in general and by specific types of medical care and hospital units. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional, multicentre study. The main inclusion criteria were: patient age ≥ 18 years, hospital stay of at least 48 h, current antibiotic therapy or antibiotic therapy within the previous 30 days, loose stools (Bristol stool types 5–7 and stool frequency ≥ 3 within ≤ 24 consecutive hours or exceeding normal for the patient) and signed informed consent form. The stool sample was taken to the local (study site) microbiology laboratory for detection of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxins A/B using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) stool test. Results From April 2016 to April 2017, a total of 1245 patients from 12 large hospitals were enrolled in the study. Data on 81 patients were excluded from the analysis for different reasons. Data on 1164 patients (45.2% males and 54.8% females) with a mean age of 54.9 years (range 18–95 years) were analysed. Length of hospitalisation was 2–188 days (median, 8 days). The EIA stool test showed CDAD-positive results in 21.7% (253/1164) patients. The patients were from surgery units (546/1164), internal medicine units (510/1164) and intensive care units (108/1164). The prevalence of CDAD among patients from surgery, internal medicine and intensive care units was 26.2, 17.8 and 17.6%, respectively. Oncology, gastroenterology, septic surgery, oncohaematology and general medical hospital units accounted for more than 75% of all patients included; the prevalence of CDAD by those hospital units was 11.3, 15.0, 39.2, 17.6, and 27.2%, respectively. The proportion of GDH-positive and toxin A/B-negative patients by the rapid stool test result was 16.8% (196/1164). The prevalence of CDAD varied widely between the hospitals (from 0 to 44.3%). Conclusions The prevalence of CDAD among hospitalised patients with AAD in this study was 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 14.8 and 28.7%). The percentage of CDAD varied widely between hospitals and by specific types of medical care and hospital units.

Recently, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defined epileptic spasms as a separate type of seizures. According to the international recommendations, the treatment of infantile spasms (IS) begins with hormones or vigabatrin (in the cases of tuberous sclerosis complex – TSC). However, in the Russian Federation, other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are often used as the first line medications.Aim:to analyze the current practice of prescribing AEDs for the treatment of epileptic spasms.Materials and Methods. We studied the medical records of 175 patients with IS (59 of them with TSC) hospitalized for the treatment with hormonal therapy.Results.Valproic acid was the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug in patients with IS (more than in 80% of cases), both in children with TCS (49/59) and without TCS (102/116). As expected, the clinical effect (cessation of IS and suppression of hypsarrhythmia) of valproic acid was insufficient: it was observed in 9/49 (18.4%) children with TSC and in 12/102 (11.2%) children without TSC. Although ethosuximide, oxcarbazepine, and carbamazepine were known to be ineffective in IS, they were prescribed by medical doctors and taken by IS patients with no clinical improvement at all. Taking into account the possible limitation of this analysis (not all of the children were consulted and hospitalized in our clinics), the real efficacy of AEDs might be some higher.Conclusion. We then conclude that the treatment of IS in the Russian Federation is not in line with the international recommendations and the worldwide clinical practice. There is an urgent need in updating the national standards for the diagnosis and treatment of IS. The work in this direction is now under way in the Russian Federation.

Sphaerotilus natans subsp. sulfidivorans D-507 is an environmental isolate from a sulfate spring in the northern Caucasus region of Russia. This heterotrophic bacterium is involved in the oxidation of reduced sulfur derivatives. This report includes the finished genome of this strain. In addition, we provide methylation data and the associated enzymes predicted to be responsible for each modified motif.

Crystalline nickel(II) decatungstate (II) [Ni(C2H6SO)5(H2O)]2[W10O32] is synthesized for the first time and characterized by chemical and thermal analyses, scanning electron microscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). By single crystal XRD the crystallographic characteristics of [Ni(C2H6SO)5(H2O)]2[W10O32] are determined (triclinic crystal system, space group P–1, a = 11.9339(7) A, b = 12.2083(6) A, c = 12.2083(6) A, α = 75.235(5)°, β = 71.289(6)°, γ = 87.785(4)°, V = 1692.44(17) A3 at T = 293(2) K, Z = 1, dx = 3.223 g/cm3) and the structure is found to be composed of isolated [Ni(C2H6SO)5(H2O)] 2 4+ cation complexes and [W10O32]4– anions located in the voids between the cation complexes. By the powder XRD analysis it is shown that the crystals formed by growing from the solution do not contain impurities.

Frequency dependencies of transmission and reflection coefficients of pyramid shields with addition of bischofite and calcium chloride in the frequency range of 0,5…18 GHz are presented.

The article considers the influence of resource-saving technologies in agricultural production during tillage. The possibilities of zero tillage in the conditions of agriculture ecologization are determined. The necessity of using soil protection technologies in connection with the use of tank mixture in the processing of the reference area is justified. The quantitative content of total organic carbon (Sorg), as well as alkaline-soluble and water-soluble organic matter, was estimated. Their share in the structure of Sorg is determined. For the first time in the agricultural zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region, the long-term effect (9-10 years) of zero technology on the dynamics of organic carbon content and its mobile forms was determined. Chemical and physico-chemical indicators relative to seasonality are presented. The degree of mobility of the organic matter of the soil treated by zero technology is determined and the reasons for this fact are revealed. It is shown that the zero technology reduces the degree of mobility of organic matter.

Background . Early detection of epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and preventive antiepileptic therapy in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) help to avoid the development of severe forms of epilepsy as well as cognitive disorders associated with it. Materials and methods . Seventeen patients with TS underwent preventive antiepileptic treatment in the Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Y.E Vel’tishev. All patients were diagnosed with TS during their first months of life. The diagnosed was based on the detection of cardiac rhabdomyomas and hypopigmentation spots and then confirmed by a genetic test. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) (vigabatrin in 7 patients, valproic acid in 7 patients and levetiracetam in 2 patients) were administered after detection of epileptiform activity in the routine EEG (EEG was performed monthly). Results . Preventive therapy with valproic acid and levetiracetam was found to be ineffective: 4 out of 7 patients on valproic acid and 1 out of 2 patients on levetiracetam developed epilepsy. All of them were later diagnosed with delayed psychological development and delayed speech development. Among 7 patients receiving vigabatrin, only 1 patient developed epilepsy, but did not have any developmental disorders later. Conclusion . Despite vigabatrin is not registered in the Russian Federation, it should be used as an agent for preventive antiepileptic therapy in patients with TS. This approach ensures more favorable long-term results in terms of cognitive functions and psychological development, thus, providing a better quality of life.

Pancreatology Club Professional Medical Community, 1A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 2A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 3Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kazan; 4Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan; 5Far Eastern State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Khabarovsk; 6Morozov City Children's Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 7I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 8Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk; 9M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow; 10Maimonides State Classical Academy, Moscow; 11V.I. Razumovsky State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saratov; 12I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 13S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 14Surgut State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Surgut; 15City Clinical Hospital Five, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 16Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy, Ministry of Health of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod; 17Territorial Clinical Hospital Two, Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar; 18Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg; 19Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don; 20Omsk Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Omsk; 21Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 22Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk; 23Stavropol State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol; 24Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo; 25N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; 26A.M. Nikiforov All-Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, Russian Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Saint Petersburg; 27Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk; 28S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow; 29Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tver The Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis has been prepared on the initiative of the Russian Pancreatology Club to clarify and consolidate the opinions of Russian specialists (gastroenterologists, surgeons, and pediatricians) on the most significant problems of diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This article continues a series of publications explaining the most significant interdisciplinary consensus statements and deals with enzyme replacement therapy.Российский консенсус по диагностике и лечению хронического панкреатита подготовлен по инициативе Российского 'Панкреатологического клуба' с целью выяснения и консолидации мнений отечественных специалистов (гастроэнтерологов, хирургов и педиатров) по наиболее важным проблемам диагностики и лечения хронического панкреатита. Настоящая статья продолжает серию публикаций, разъясняющих наиболее важные положения междисциплинарного консенсуса и посвящена вопросам заместительной ферментной терапии.