Search

A study surveyed the views of 53 social work faculty in 4 institutions concerning the place of spirituality in the social work curriculum. Results show considerable support for a course on the subject. Possible explanations for opposition are examined, and suggestions for introducing spirituality content into the curriculum are offered. (Author/MSE)

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal gaps of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns constructed using three different scanner and milling unit combinations. Methods: Twenty‐four Columbia model lower left molars were prepared for LDS crowns by undergraduate students in a simulated environment. One LDS crown was constructed for each crown preparation using each of the following intraoral scanner/milling unit combinations: TRIOS 3 scanner/E4D milling unit (TRIO/E4DM); TRIOS 3 scanner/Sirona inLab MC X5 milling unit (TRIO/MCX5); E4D scanner/E4D milling unit (E4DS/E4DM). The crowns were seated onto the original crown preparations and three vertical marginal gap measurements taken at four locations (mid‐buccal, mid‐lingual, mid‐mesial and mid‐distal) using a stereomicroscope. The mean marginal gap (MMG) was calculated for each crown and each individual tooth surface. Results: The TRIO/MCX5 scanner/milling unit combination produced the smallest MMG of 63.73 ± 47.38 μm followed by E4DS/E4DM (88.64 ± 106.51 μm) and TRIO/E4DM (107.41 ± 76.47 μm). There was a significant effect of milling unit (p < 0.0001) on MMG but no significant effect of scanner (p = 0.070) or location (p = 0.182). Conclusions: The newer scanner/milling unit combination produced LDS crowns with the smallest MMG. All scanner/milling unit combinations produced LDS crowns within a clinically acceptable MMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare vertical microgaps of milled titanium implant frameworks constructed using (1) direct model scanning (DMS) and (2) splinted impression (SIM) techniques.Materials and Methods: Three BioHorizon external hex implants were embedded in an epoxy resin model, and convenience samples of four identical frameworks in the DMS group and five in the SIM group were constructed. Implant-framework interfaces were scanned with a microcomputed tomography (CT) scanner, and the vertical microgap measured with one-screw and two-screw tests using CT analyzer (CTAn) software.Results: The mean maximum vertical microgap measured using the one-screw test was 13.25 μm in the DMS group and 72.40 μm in the SIM group (P < .0001). The mean maximum vertical microgap measured using the two-screw test was 10.5 μm in the DMS group and 36.2 μm in the SIM group (P = .0002).Conclusion: The milled titanium frameworks produced from direct scanning of implants had a smaller vertical microgap than frameworks produced from splinted impressions and master models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the coronal tooth structure reductions (CTSRs) resulting from a variety of different types of crown preparations performed by undergraduate dental students in a simulation clinic teaching program.Materials and Methods: A total of 76 students each submitted 21 different crown preparations completed on typodont teeth, which were individually weighed and analyzed in relation to whole and sectioned reference teeth to calculate the CTSR resulting from each preparation.Results: The largest CTSR resulted from preparations for porcelain bonded to zirconia crowns (50.6%), followed by those for porcelain bonded to metal (PBM) crowns (44.3%), PBM fixed partial dentures (32.8%), shell crowns (32.5%), and full gold crowns (24.6%).Conclusion: A wide range of CTSRs resulted from the different types of crown preparations investigated in this study. The crown preparations performed by the undergraduate students produced more conservative coronal reductions than comparable crown preparations generated under controlled in vitro conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study compared the marginal gaps of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM)-fabricated all-ceramic crowns constructed from scanned impressions and models and with two different occlusal reduction designs.Materials and Methods: Two typodont mandibular first molars were prepared to receive CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic crowns. Both molars were prepared to ideal crown reduction, the first with anatomical occlusal reduction (AOR) and the second with completely flat occlusal reduction (FOR). Nine polyvinyl siloxane impressions (PVS) were taken, and nine stone replicas fabricated for each preparation. All impressions and stone models were scanned using a laser scanner (Planmeca Planscan, E4D technologies), and 36 lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) crowns were milled. The marginal gap was measured in four locations using a light stereomicroscope.Results: Crowns constructed from preparations with both occlusal reduction designs demonstrated similar marginal gaps (FOR = 97.98; AOR = 89.12; P = .739). However, all crowns constructed from scanned impressions presented significantly larger marginal gaps than the crowns fabricated from scanned models (impressions = 109.26; models = 77.84; P = .002).Conclusion: Scanning stone models produced all-ceramic crowns with significantly smaller marginal gaps than scanning impressions, irrespective of the occlusal reduction design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To discuss the literature pertinent to implant and prosthesis success, restorative complications, limitations of reporting on complications, and management strategies for complications of the single implant-retained crown. Materials and Methods: Literature was reviewed from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases and included selected systematic reviews. Articles in the English language and published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Results: The accuracy of the literature reporting on implant and prosthesis success was reliant on the methodology and accuracy of measurement within individual studies. The accuracy of the literature reporting on complications suffered from variable definitions and methodologies. Conclusion: There was a comprehensive body of literature that provided a sound evidence base on implant and prosthesis success; however, the inconsistent definition of an implant complication and lack of a universally accepted system for classifying implant complications restricted the clinical application of the literature and hindered inter-study comparisons. Guidelines for managing complications, particularly restorative complications that also allow for individual patient variations, should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of artificial teeth in pre-clinical simulation clinic teaching of post-core techniques has clear educational benefits for students and staff. This study explored the reasons for selection and direct student experiences with artificial teeth in a recently conducted pre-clinical fixed prosthodontics post-core technique teaching program. Materials and Methods: An online anonymous survey was delivered to fourth year undergraduate dental students who had completed the fixed prosthodontics pre-clinical program seeking information on the choice of artificial or natural teeth and direct experiences. Quantitative data was summarized and qualitative data was clustered into topics. Results: A 100% response rate was received. Twenty-five (36%) of 70 respondents chose to use one or more artificial teeth for the post-core exercises which was predominantly driven by difficulty in sourcing appropriate natural teeth (59%) rather than educational benefit (13%). Forty-five (64%) chose not to use artificial teeth largely due to the cost of the teeth (49%). Direct student experiences in using the artificial teeth for post-core exercises were generally positive. Conclusions: As the first known research of its kind, within the limitations of this study, artificial teeth provided an appropriate and realistic simulation compared with extracted natural teeth and were easier to source for the post-core exercises of the pre-clinical fixed prosthodontics program. More widespread use of artificial teeth was limited by cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The virtual cone beam computed tomography–derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect. Design: A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient's existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo. Results: The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically. Conclusion: The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latinx are at high risk for food insecurity and face several barriers to accessing nutritious foods. To identify the food relief efforts that would be most beneficial to Latinx, 30 Latinas were interviewed regarding their experiences in accessing healthy food. Participants were asked for their preferences of several food relief service areas. The most common preferences of these Latina residents were a need for more nutritious food, followed by tips on buying food, and counseling and support. Several themes emerged including language barriers, immigration status issues, and racial discrimination. Future research is encouraged to further explore ways that discrimination occurs in food relief efforts for the undocumented population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an ethnographic study, 16 mentally retarded clients of a sheltered workshop were consulted about their work roles and program. The findings reveal their confusions about the workshop's role in helping them and describes their perspectives on whether to leave the workshops for "outside jobs." (Author/CL)

Results of a questionnaire of administrators of community living arrangements programs for the developmentally disabled in Pennsylvania (N=116) found that some programs promoted relationships with neighbors, but others wished to keep the role of neighbors to a minimum. (Author/DB)

The changing demographics of nonresidential fathers, particularly the unmarried ones, are examined and the policies and programs that have contributed to their becoming more involved in the lives of their children are described.

Objective: The purpose is to explore differences in confirmed, unconfirmed, and false allegations of abuse made by consumers with mental retardation in regards to type of abuse and perpetrator. Method: Interviews were conducted with 1,220 people with mental retardation who were part of a class action lawsuit in North Carolina. A content analysis of abuse allegations was performed. Frequencies of responses and subgroup differences are reported for type of abuse allegation and perpetrator. Results: Unconfirmed claims are the most frequent. Females made more allegations of abuse than males in general, and more allegations of rape. There are no significant differences among the subgroups (confirmed, unconfirmed, and false allegations) by type of abuse allegation. There are significant differences among the subgroups in regard to the alleged perpetrator. Other consumers with mental retardation are most frequently accused of confirmed assaults. Staff members are most frequently accused in false allegations. Conclusion: Ability of the alleged victim to report information and timing of the investigation are important factors in substantiating abuse. Awareness of consumer-to-consumer violence and prevalence of false accusations against staff necessitates increased safeguards for both consumers and staff. Keywords: Confirmed allegations; Unconfirmed allegations; Mental retardation

Stigma is a major problem for many clients of social work services, particularly people who are labeled with mental retardation (Mackelprang & Salsgiver, 1996; Schwartz, 1992; Witkin, 1998). Stigma problems [...]

Suggestions are provided for mental retardation service providers interested in closer cooperation with the self-advocacy movement. Tips emphasize sharing information, establishing local self-advocacy groups, encouraging convention participation, encouraging staff involvement, listening to consumers, and listening to the voices of the self-advocacy movement itself. (PB)