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59. Surveillance de la résistance aux antibiotiques des anaérobies stricts à Gram négatif

Author

Singer, E., primary, Calvet, L., additional, Mory, F., additional, Muller, C., additional, Chomarat, M., additional, Bézian, M.-C., additional, Bland, S., additional, Juvenin, M.-E., additional, Drugeon, H., additional, Fosse, T., additional, Goldstein, F., additional, Jaulhac, B., additional, Monteil, H., additional, Marchandin, H., additional, Jean-Pierre, H., additional, and Dubreuil, L., additional

Published
2008
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62. P2037 In vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against anaerobic hospital isolates;comparison of two methods in France: a multicentre study

Author

Dubreuil, L., primary, Calvet, L., additional, Jarlier, V., additional, Cavallo, J., additional, Chomarat, M., additional, Drugeon, H., additional, Kitzis, M., additional, Soussy, C., additional, Lascols, C., additional, Roussel-Delvallez, M., additional, Muller-Serieys, C., additional, Leclercq, R., additional, Rolain, J., additional, and Dubanchet, A., additional

Published
2007
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87. Peas starch-based film coatings for site-specific drug delivery to the colon.

Author

Karrout, Y., Neut, C., Wils, D., Siepmann, F., Deremaux, L., Flament, M. P., Dubreuil, L., Desreumaux, P., and Siepmann, J.

Subjects
SURFACE coatings, PEAS, POLYSACCHARIDES, DRUG delivery systems, THIN films, COLON (Anatomy)
Abstract

Peas starch : ethylcellulose-based film coatings are proposed allowing for site-specific drug delivery to the colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients. The film coatings are poorly permeable for 5-aminosalicylic acid in media simulating the contents of the stomach and small intestine. Thus, they can minimize premature drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract and subsequent absorption into the blood stream. However, once the colon is reached, drug release sets on and is time controlled. This can be attributed to the partial degradation of the peas starch by enzymes secreted by bacteria, which are preferentially present in the colon. Thus, the drug is released at the site of action, which is likely to minimize undesired side effects in the healthy part of the human body and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. A blend ratio of 1 : 4 peas starch : ethylcellulose and a coating level of 15% (w/w) seem to be optimal for pellet coating. Importantly, the polymeric films can be expected to withstand the mechanical stress encountered in vivo because of the motility of the stomach and small intestine. Furthermore, the systems are long-term stable: drug release from coated pellets remains unaltered during 1-year open storage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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92. Concise Communication In vitro activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against 204 anaerobes compared to seven other compounds.

Author

Dubreuil, L., Behra-Miellet, J., Neut, C., and Calvet, L.

Subjects
*QUINOLONE antibacterial agents, *ANTI-infective agents, *CIPROFLOXACIN, *METRONIDAZOLE
Abstract

The activity of gatifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone derivative, was compared with the activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole against 204 anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens, by MIC determination, using the reference agar dilution method. When determining the overall activity against anaerobes, the MIC50/90 (mg/L) values were amoxicillin 16/>64, amoxicillin–clavulanate 0.125/1, imipenem 0.25/0.5, clindamycin 0.5/>256, metronidazole 1/8, ciprofloxacin 2/32, levofloxacin 1/8 and gatifloxacin 0.5/4. The broad in vitro spectrum of gatifloxacin is promising for the treatment of mixed anaerobic infections, especially those of the respiratory tract, ear, sinus, skin and soft tissues, and bite wounds. These data suggest that gatifloxacin may have a clinical role in the treatment of infections in which anaerobic pathogens are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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93. Survey of the susceptibility patterns of Bacteroides fragilis group strains in France from 1977 to 1992.

Author

Dubreuil, L., Breuil, J., Dublanchet, A., and Sedallian, A.

Abstract

Rates of antibiotic resistance within the Bacteroides fragilis group were monitored over a 15-year period in France by examining studies that employed the same methodology to test susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Chloramphenicol, metronidazole, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and imipenem remained very active against Bacteroides fragilis. There was little or no change in rates of resistance to these antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin increased from 1 % in 1977 to a peak of 19 % in 1987, and since then has remained at 8 to 12 %. There was some evidence that resistance to most beta-lactam agents increased during the same period. These results emphasize the need for periodic surveys of resistance patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1992
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94. In-vitro comparison of roxithromycin and erythromycin against 900 anaerobic bacterial strains.

Author

Dubreuil, L.

Abstract

The in-vitro antibacterial activity of roxithromycin was assessed by an agar dilution method against 900 recent clinical anaerobic isolates by five laboratories in England, France, Germany and Japan. Roxithromycin had similar activity to erythromycin against most anaerobic bacteria, the latter being slightly more active against Gram-negative bacilli.Roxithromycin inhibited 53% of the Bacteroides fragilis group strains; the noticeable exception was Bact. thetaiotaomicron, only 17% of strains of which were inhibited by 4 mg/1 roxithromycin. In contrast, all isolates of Bacteroides, other than the Bact. fragilis group, and all Mobiluncus isolates were inhibited by 2 mg/1 of roxithromycin or less. This compound was inactive against half the Fusobacterium strains. Roxithromycin and erythromycin inhibited 65 and 72%, respectively, of 436 strains of Gram-negative anaerobes (MIC ≤ 4 mg/l).Roxithromycin suppressed 97% of non-sporulating Gram-positive to bacilli, 86% of Peptococcoaceae and 95% of clostridia. Two-thirds of Clostridium difficile strains were susceptible to roxithromycin (MIC ≤ 1 mg/1). The activity of roxithromycin against Gram-positive bacilli was identical to that of erythromycin. Overall a concentration of 4 mg/1 roxithromycin and erythromycin inhibited 79 and 83%, respectively, of the strains investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1987

96. Une méthode simple de détermination de la sensibilité des anaérobies stricts aux antibiotiques : l'élution de disques

Author

Ch. Romond, Dubreuil L, and Henri Beerens

Subjects
Infectious Diseases
Abstract

Resume Une modification de la methode d'elution de disques antibiotiques en bouillon est proposee. Elle permet d'apprecier correctement la sensibilite aux antibiotiques des anaerobies stricts. L'utilisation de plusieurs concentrations par antibiotique essaye, ameliore la fiabilite et renseigne le clinicien sur le degre de sensibilite des souches isolees. Cette technique d'elution est realisee sur 97 anaerobies stricts. Les resultats obtenus sont compares aux valeurs des CMI determinees par dilutions successives en milieu liquide ; une bonne correlation est obtenue dans 97 % des cas.

Published
1982
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97. Rifampicin-ofloxacin oral regimen for the treatment of mild to moderate diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Author

Senneville, E, Yazdanpanah, Y, Cazaubiel, M, Cordonnier, M, Valette, M, Beltrand, E, Khazarjian, A, Maulin, L, Alfandari, S, Caillaux, M, Dubreuil, L, and Mouton, Y

Abstract

Seventeen diabetic patients with moderate to mild foot lesions associated with 20 osteomyelitic bones diagnosed by both bone scan and bone biopsy received rifampicin plus ofloxacin for a median duration of 6 months. Cure was defined as disappearance of all signs and symptoms of infection at the end of the treatment and absence of relapse during follow up. At the end of the treatment period, cure was achieved in 15 patients (88.2%) and was maintained in 13 patients (76.5%) at the end of an average post-treatment follow-up of 22 months. No serious drug-related adverse events were recorded.

Published
2001
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98. Description of Complex Forms of a Porin in Bacteroides fragilisand Possible Implication of this Protein in Antibiotic Resistance

Author

Odou, M.F., Singer, E., and Dubreuil, L.

Abstract

Periodic surveys of antibiotic susceptibility patterns among anaerobes have emphasized that new mechanisms of resistance have emerged, especially in the Bacteroides fragilisgroup. Resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid among some imipenem-susceptible Bacteroides fragilisstrains has been associated with modifications in outer membrane protein electrophoretic patterns with the loss of some porin-like proteins. Porins are outer membrane proteins that play a major part in membrane permeability; if they are under-expressed, they can be responsible for antibiotic resistance. In a previous work, we isolated one outer membrane protein of 45 kDa from Bacteroides fragilisand showed its porin activity. In the present study, we aim to isolate the different complex forms of this protein and to underline their possible role in antibiotic resistance. We therefore compared the electrophoretic patterns of the outer membrane proteins of several strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Although these patterns are similar to each other, some proteins, especially those of high molecular weight, are less visible in the samples heated before electrophoresis. We targeted these high molecular weight proteins (which appeared sensitive to heat) and isolated them by electro-elution. We thus identified two high molecular weight proteins (210 and 130/135 kDa) which seemed to be components of a complex including the 45 kDa outer membrane protein formerly identified by us as a porin protein. Their porin activities were tested by the swelling assay of proteoliposomes which showed that the 210 kDa protein behaved like the 45 kDa protein whereas the 130/135 kDa protein had less porin activity. Furthermore, swelling assays with antibiotic solutions made it possible to compute the role of this protein complex in antibiotic resistance.

Published
2001
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99. Roles of gyrA mutations in resistance of clinical isolates and in vitro mutants of Bacteroides fragilis to the new fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin.

Author

Bachoual, R, Dubreuil, L, Soussy, C J, and Tankovic, J

Abstract

We determined whether gyrA mutations were present in fluoroquinolone-resistant laboratory mutants derived from the Bacteroides fragilis reference strain ATCC 25285 and in clinical isolates of B. fragilis. The two first-step mutants selected on ciprofloxacin (CIP) were devoid of gyrA mutations, whereas two of the three CIP-selected second-step mutants studied presented the same gyrA mutation leading to a Ser82Phe change. Unusual GyrA alterations, Asp81Asn or Ala118Val, were detected in two of the three first-step mutants selected on trovafloxacin (TRO), Mt3 and Mt1, respectively. The Ala118Val change had no effect on the susceptibility of Mt1 to CIP. No second-step mutant could be obtained with TRO as a selector. For the 12 clinical isolates studied, a Ser82Phe change in GyrA was found only in the 3 strains which showed the highest levels of TRO resistance (MIC, 4 microgram/ml). Thus, the resistance phenotypes and genotypes observed in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of B. fragilis were similar to those found in CIP-selected laboratory mutants, whereas peculiar mutational events could be selected in vitro with TRO.

Published
2000

100. Species identification of clinical isolates of Bacteroides by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author

Nagy, E., Maier, T., Urban, E., Terhes, G., Kostrzewa, M., Nord, C. E., Hedberg, M., Könönen, E., Dubreuil, L., Dosa, E., Kalenic, S., Piérard, D., Degener, J., Wildeboer Veloo, A., Chmelarova, E., Mazzariol, Annarita, Gürler, N., Güner, S., Papaparakevas, J., and Villa, J.

Subjects
sequence analysis, Aerobic bacteria, genus, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides fragilis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteroides, clinical isolates, flight mass spectrometry, identification, MALDI-TOF MS, sequencing, Bacteroides sp, strain difference, 0303 health sciences, accuracy, biology, article, food and beverages, General Medicine, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, Bacteroides Infections, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Infectious Diseases, priority journal, bacterium identification, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Microbiology (medical), DNA, Bacterial, spectrophotometer, Sequence analysis, species identification, Mass spectrometry, DNA, Ribosomal, Sensitivity and Specificity, Bacteroides uniformis, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, controlled study, intermethod comparison, Bacteroidaceae, 030304 developmental biology, Bacteriological Techniques, nonhuman, 030306 microbiology, Clinical isolates, Identification, Sequencing, bacterial strain, bacterium isolate, chemical analysis, optical resolution phenotype, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Abstract

Bacteroides fragilis and related species are important human pathogens involved in mixed infections of different origins. The B. fragilis group isolates are phenotypically very similar, grow more slowly than aerobic bacteria and, accordingly, are frequently misidentifed with classical or automated phenotypical identification methods. Recent taxonomic changes and new species accepted as members of the Bacteroides genus are not included in the different databases of commercially available identification kits. The use of matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was therefore evaluated for the species identification of 277 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides genus. Species identification was carried out with MALDI Bruker Daltonik Biotyper software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) by comparing the mass spectrum of each strain with the mass spectra of the 3260 reference strains currently available. The results of conventional phenotypical identification of the isolates were used as a reference. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for a selection of the strains that gave discrepant results and for all those inconclusively identified by MALDI-TOF MS; 270 isolates (97.5%) were unequivocally identified [log(score) ≥2.0] by comparison with the reference strains present in the MALDI Biotyper database. Of the 23 isolates for which the MALDI-TOF MS species identification differed from the conventional phenotypical identification, 11 were sequenced. The sequencing data confirmed the MALDI-TOF MS result in ten cases and, for the remaining isolate, the sequencing data did not lead to the determination of the species, but only to that of the genus (Bacteroides sp.). The discriminating power and identification accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS proved to be superior to that of biochemical testing for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides uniformis.

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