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Researching on a large relevant literature of spinal tuberculosis, this paper discussed characteristics of spinal tuberculosis and its early diagnosis method. If spinal tuberculosis can be found and treated earlier, prognosis will be better. The early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis has become hot spot at present. There are many different diagnostic methods including clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, imaging examination, etc. The newest standpoint showed that immunization has closely correlation with tuberculosis and it will become the focus and developmental direction of future research in spinal tuberculosis. In addition, we should know the differential diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis to avoid the misdiagnosis.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Information on changes in prevalence of MetSyn in developing countries is limited. This study aims to compare MetSyn prevalence and its associated vascular risk over the period between 2002 and 2010 in a population which has had the world’s fastest economic development over the past three decades. Methods Two health surveys were conducted by using the multistage cluster random sampling method in a Chinese population of 85 million in southern China. The participants received a full medical check-up, including measurement of blood pressure (BP), obesity indices, fasting lipids and glucose levels. Data describing socio-economic status and lifestyle factors were also collected through interview. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results A total of 3,561 participants from Survey 2010 were included in the data analysis. Women had a significantly higher prevalence of MetSyn than men. Comparison between the two surveys shows that age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn increased fourfold (from 5.4% in 2002 to 21.3% in 2010) in those ≧ 20 years. Among the MetSyn components, prevalence of hyperglycaemia has increased most (from 9.1% to 53.1%). The age-standardized prevalence of central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-cholesterol increased from 13.5% to 25.4%, from 23.6% to 40.8%, from 12.1% to 17.4% and from 32.1% to 71.1%, respectively. Differences between rural and urban residents in the prevalence in MetSyn and its components narrowed in 2010. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk escalated dramatically in this population between 2002 and 2010. The escalation may relate to the rapid economic development, which led to accelerating changes in nutrition, lifestyle, and socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that health transition in rapidly developing second- and third-world countries may be much faster than what has been observed in Western countries., published_or_final_version

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a world-wide health problem. The major obstacles for current anti-HBV therapy are the low efficacy and the occurrence of drug resistant HBV mutations. Recent studies have demonstrated that combination therapy can enhance antiviral efficacy and overcome the shortcomings. Here, the inhibitory effect mediated by combination of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting different sites of HBV nuclear localization signal (NLS) was monitored in HepG2.2.15 cells.Recombinant plasmid psil-HBV was constructed and transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells. At 48, 72 and 96h after transfection, culture media were collected and cells were harvested for HBV replication assay. HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Intracellular viral DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) was quantified by real-time PCR. HBV viral mRNA was measured by reverse-transcript PCR.Our data demonstrated that the three used siRNAs showed marked anti-HBV effects. Combination of siRNAs, compared with individual use of each siRNA, exerted a stronger inhibition on antigen expression and viral replication, even though the final concentration of siRNA in the therapy was the same. More importantly, we showed that combination therapy significantly suppressed HBV cccDNA amplification.Our results revealed that combination of siRNAs mediated a stronger inhibition on viral replication and antigen expression in HepG2.2.15 cells, especially, the amplification of cccDNA.

To investigate and analyze the nutritional status of infants, preschool and primary school students, pregnant and lactating women in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area after 3 months.In August 2008, the nutritional and health status information of special population were collected and evaluated using the questionnaires, anthropometric and hemoglobin concentration measurements from four settlements of villages and towns in Mao and Mianzhu Country of Sichuan and Kang Country and Wudu District in Gansu provinces. A total of 236 infants aged below 36 months, 48 preschool children, 368 primary students, 32 pregnant women and 72 lactating women were investigated. Principal investigator indexes included the low body weight, growth retardation, anemia prevalence, two-week prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory disease, food intake and nutrition-related diseases, the percentage of patients morbidity of 36 months infants, preschool and primary school students; the prevalence of anemia, the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases of pregnant and lactating women.The stunting prevalence was 14.6% (34/236) and the anemia prevalence was up to 40.1% (61/236) among infants younger than 36 months. Besides, the percentages of infants and young children suffered from the respiratory-infected disease and diarrhea within recent two weeks were 40.4% (95/236) and 30.2% (71/236) respectively. The percentage of low body weight of preschool children was 14.6% (7/48) and the growth retardation and anemia prevalence was 14.6% (7/48) and 39.6% (19/48), respectively. Among primary students, 6.3% (23/368) showed growth retardation and 12.2% (45/368) were anemia. The prevalence of anemia status of pregnant women and lactating mothers were 53.9% (17/32) and 24.4% (18/72) respectively. The main food composition of 45.8% (33/72) lactating women were grain and vegetables, 29 (40.3%), 32 (44.4%), 28 (38.9%) and 53 (73.6%) lactating women did not have animal originated (including meat, aquatic, livestock and poultry products) food, eggs, beans and their products, milk and dairy products, respectively.Special population lived in disaster area have suffered different degree of malnutrition. The main dietary pattern was vegetable food. The consumption of meat, eggs, milk and milk products was relatively insufficient.

To Analyze the etiological and clinical characteristics of dental trauma in dental emergency.A comprehensive review of 975 emergencies of dental trauma seen at the Emergency Room of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during a two-year period was performed. General characteristics, such as age and gender, time of visit, causes of dental trauma, places where the dental trauma happened, diagnoses, and related treatments were analyzed.The two age peaks of dental trauma patients under 18 years were 2 to 4 years and 7 to 12 years. There were more male patients than females in the groups above 7-year-old, but there were no difference in gender distribution in infants and toddlers. Spring had the lowest frequency of dental traumatic emergencies, but winter was the busiest season. Dental emergencies with traumatic causes followed a pattern during the week. Most patient visits presented during weekends. 24.1% of the patients presented to the dental clinic within 2 hours after injury, only 4.7% of the patients visited the clinic after 24 hours. 64.4% of the children younger than 5 years were injured at home, but 82.3% of children aged 5 and older and 93.1% adults were injured in the outdoor environment. The number of injured teeth in left and right side had no significant difference (P0.05). Maxillary incisors were easily to be affected, especially the maxillary central incisor. Crown fracture was the most common traumatic type. The combination of dental trauma and oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury was experienced by 692 patients (71.0%).Dental trauma was one of the common diseases in oral emergencies. Knowledge of the etiological and clinical characteristics of emergency dental trauma could help us to treat them and make specific preventive measures. Clinical examination should be comprehensive and meticulous to avoid misdiagnosis, for emergency dental trauma often involving multiple teeth, and associated with different degrees of maxillofacial soft tissue injury.

This paper introduces the wavelet transform, and based on which brings forward a new computer doable method. When an image is processed by multi-level 2-dimension dispersed wavelet transform, we can get two data information: the low frequency and the high frequency, after that, we add some random data to the high frequency, and then reconstruct the image. When testing, we use the same wavelet decomposition method to detect the correlation between the high frequency and the random data. This method can be used to avoiding the image forgery.

To analyze the incidence of low birth weight and identify the influencing factors in China in 2006.The national survey was performed by stratified random cluster sampling method in 43 cities and counties in 14 provinces. The subjects were all live neonates during May to October in 2006. Their body weight was measured according to the standardization conducted by the national research team, while the information of all infants was investigated by questionnaires. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Among 18 554 infants investigated, the incidence of low birth weight was 4.6% in 2006 in China, being 3.2%, 4.4%, and 6.3% in eastern middle and western areas respectively. The incidence of low birth weight were 3.9% in urban and 4.8% in rural. The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that maternal education (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.181 approximately 1.861), body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.229 - 1.876), body weight gain in gestation period (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.246 - 1.965), gestational weeks (OR = 20.16; 95% CI: 15.456 - 26.297), multiple birth (OR = 12.11; 95% CI: 9.229 - 15.893), gestation syndrome, and nutrition instruction (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.550 - 0.798) were associated with low birth weight significantly.The main factors resulting in low birth weight in neonates are maternal education, BMI before pregnancy, body weight gain in gestation period, pregnancy age, multiple birth, gestation syndrome, and nutrition instruction.

The purpose of this study is to estimate and forecast the minimum consumption expenditure on food of 8 provinces using linear programming model.Analysis was based on the food data of 2000 of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The linear programming model's target population was 18 - 49 years old adult with different physical activity level. The mathematical model was established and functioned by GAMS.It was not a high consumption expenditure on food of 8 provinces when meet with the 13 nutrients and the required amount of food, even in the year of well-to-do.We should improve the household' s dietary quality by following the viewpoint of lowest cost but enough nutrients in different income level. The study suggested that we should tell the residents about the lowest cost when we engage nutrition education.

The research is conducted to develop a methodology to model the emotional contents of speech as a linear function of time and speech features. In this study, emotional type is coming from six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise). However, in the application is not defined as a simple word, is quantified using the dimensions valence and arousal, and the value of valance or arousal is expressed as some interval. Results demonstrate that the model is more excellent than others.

To calculate the effects of malnutrition on the child survival and economic productivity in 9 provinces by using a new method.PROFILES was used to quantify the function consequences of malnutrition in terms of child survival and productivity.As estimated, without improvement, 304000 children will die due to underweight between 2001 and 2010 in 9 provinces, reducing underweight prevalence from 12.6% to 9.5% could save 38000 lives. If current stunting level remained unchanged over next 10 years in 9 provinces, the net present value of future productivity lost would be 58.4 billion, productivity gain due to reduction in child stunting reduced by 25% over next 10 years would gain worth 7.9 billion.Children's malnutrition plays a negative role in child survival, but also has huge economic lost in 9 provinces. It's recommendable to try or develop PROFILES model in nutrition study.

Although the involvement of complement in hyperacute rejection of xenotransplants is well recognized, its role in rejection of devascularized xenografts, such as pancreatic islets, is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether complement participates in the immunopathology of xeno-islet transplantation in a concordant rat to mouse model. Rat pancreatic islets were implanted under the kidney capsule of normal and cobra venom factor (CVF)-decomplementized diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Graft survival was monitored by blood glucose levels. Deposition of IgM and C3 on grafted islets in vivo or on isolated islets in vitro (after incubation with normal and decomplementized mouse serum), as well as CD4- and CD8-positive leucocyte infiltration of grafts, was checked by immunohistochemistry. In addition, complement-mediated cytotoxicity on rat islet cells was evaluated by a 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazolyl)-2.5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. A significant C3 deposition was found on grafted islets from the first day after transplantation in vivo, as well as on isolated islets after incubation with mouse serum in vitro. By MTT assay, complement-mediated cytotoxicity for islet cells was found. Decomplementation by CVF decreased C3 deposition on either isolated or grafted islets, delayed CD4- and CD8-positive leucocyte infiltration, led to significant inhibition of complement-mediated cytotoxicity for islet cells, and prolonged graft survival (mean survival time 21.3 versus 8.5 days; P