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51. Reflections on the ocular surface: Summary of the presentations at the 4th Coronis Foundation Ophthalmic Symposium Debate: “A multifactorial approach to ocular surface disorders” (August 31 2021)

Author

Stiftelsen Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholm, Bron, Anthony J., Dogru, Murat, Horwath-Winter, Jutta, Kojima, Takashi, Kovács, Illés, Müller-Lierheim, Wolfgang G.K., Setten, Gysbert-Botho van, Belmonte, Carlos, Stiftelsen Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholm, Bron, Anthony J., Dogru, Murat, Horwath-Winter, Jutta, Kojima, Takashi, Kovács, Illés, Müller-Lierheim, Wolfgang G.K., Setten, Gysbert-Botho van, and Belmonte, Carlos

Published
2022

71. The Effect of Cytokine-Stimulation and Pharmacologic Intervention on PGE2 Production in Primary Human Conjunctival and Corneal Cells

Author

Kazumi Fukagawa, Dogru Murat, Eisuke Shimizu, Hiroyuki Yazu, Yoshiyuki Satake, Hiroshi Fujishima, Naoko Okada, and Naohiko Aketa

Subjects
Stromal cell, Blotting, Western, Corneal Keratocytes, Inflammation, Dinoprostone, Tacrolimus, Pharmacologic intervention, Allergic inflammation, Cornea, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cells, Cultured, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Aspirin, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Epithelial Cells, medicine.disease, Healthy Volunteers, Allergic conjunctivitis, Ophthalmology, Cytokine stimulation, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Cancer research, biology.protein, Cytokines, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Interleukin-4, Cyclooxygenase, medicine.symptom, business, Conjunctiva, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract

We studied the production of PGE2 by human conjunctival and corneal cells in response to inflammation, and reduction of inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Primary cultures of human conjunctival epithelial cells, fibroblasts, corneal epithelial cells, and keratocytes were incubated with IL-4 and TNF-α. PGE2 and COX-2 levels were analyzed. Effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-immune drugs on PGE2 production were also investigated. IL-4 and TNF-α induced the generation of PGE2 and COX-2 in conjunctival and corneal cells. Epithelial PGE2 production was significantly lower than in keratocytes and fibroblasts, which was down-regulated by aspirin. IL-4 and TNF-α enhanced the inflammatory response via prostaglandin production which contributed to ocular surface inflammation. Prostaglandin production was higher in stromal cells than epithelial cells. These results suggest that the epithelial barrier disruption may contribute to ocular allergic inflammation by the PGE2 production from stromal cells. Moreover, NSAIDs were effective in suppressing PGE2 production in our experiment.

Published
2019

72. Aberrant Corneal Homeostasis in Neurosurgery-Induced Neurotrophic Keratopathy

Author

Shimpei Oba, Kaoru Araki-Sasaki, Tomoyuki Chihara, Takashi Kojima, Dogru Murat, and Kanji Takahashi

Subjects
neurotrophic keratopathy, trigeminal nerve, corneal basal cells, dendritic cells Schirmer test, General Medicine
Abstract

The characteristic features of neurotrophic keratopathy have been well documented by in vivo and in vitro studies using animal models. However, case reports of neurotrophic keratopathy induced by neurosurgery are limited. We describe the clinical characteristics, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) findings of neurotrophic keratopathy induced by surgery for intracranial lesions. This is a case series including 6 eyes of 3 patients (mean age, 69.67 ± 12.50 years) with unilateral neurotrophic keratopathy. The clinical findings of three patients were described and IVCM findings of three patients were analyzed. The duration of neuropathy ranged from 2 to 30 years (median, 22 years). Thickening of the epithelial layer and higher reflection density of the anterior stroma were observed during the healing process using AS-OCT. The mean nerve fiber density of the subepithelial plexus, as determined by IVCM, was 1943 ± 1000 μm/mm2 for neurotrophic eyes and 2242 ± 600.3 μm/mm2 for contralateral eyes (p = 0.0347). The mean respective dendritic cell densities were 30.8 ± 21.8 and 6.25 ± 5.59 cells/mm2 (p < 0.0001), while the mean basal cell sizes were 259 ± 86.5 and 185 ± 45.9 μm2 (p < 0.0001), respectively. These findings suggest that neurosurgery-induced neurotrophic keratopathy may be associated with alterations in the healing process and immune cell distribution in the cornea.

Published
2022

96. Autothermal Fixed Bed Updraft Gasification Of Olive Pomace Biomass And Renewable Energy Generation Via Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Green Energy Generation From Waste Biomass In The Mediterranean Region

Author

Dogru, Murat and Erdem, Ahmet

Abstract

Waste biomass, a renewable resource, is a reasonable choice for green clean power generation using advanced thermal treatment technologies such as gasification. In this research, dried-densified olive pomace residues from olive oil production have been applied as biomass feedstock in a new gasification process for synthesis gas (syngas) generation using a 500 kg h(-1) throughput capacity autothermal modified updraft gasifier system. The product syngas generation rate is found to be approximately 2.5 Nm(3) kg(-1) of olive pomace, with a calorific value (CV) between 5.0 MJ Nm(-3) and 7.0 MJ Nm(-3). More than 85% of carbon in pomace is converted to produced syngas by the gasification system. The gasification reactor generates syngas which passes through a specially designed swirl hot gas burner and is then burned directly in a thermal oil boiler retrofitted to an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbine generator. As a result, the produced syngas at around 350 degrees C is directly combusted with tars so that a great deal of chemical energy loss is prevented. The thermal oil heater has a thermal energy capacity of 1.77 MWh. The generated 1.6 MWh thermal energy from the thermal oil heater is transferred to the ORC turbine to generate 240 kW electrical power.

Published
2020

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