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Classification of impacted maxillary canines facilitates interdisciplinary communication. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has proven to be superior for the localization of impacted maxillary canines compared with 2D imaging. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively classify a cohort of impacted maxillary canines, using a new developed 3D classification for impacted maxillary canines that is easy to use and does not require complex analysis of the 3D images. A retrospective cohort study was designed, containing CBCT data of 130 patients (male/female: 48/82; median age 16) with a total of 162 impacted maxillary canines. The proposed classification was based on four criteria: vertical crown position, mesiodistal tooth postion, bucco-lingual crown position, and associated pathology. For all included patients, classification criteria were identified and correlated to treatment selection using a newly developed 3D classification. The most common positions were vertical crown position at apical one third of neighboring teeth, mesiodistal tooth angulation, and palatal crown position. The most frequent associated pathologies were dilaceration of the root and resorption of a neighboring tooth. Significant associations among classification variables and treatment options were observed. Limitations of this study are the retrospective design. CBCT enabled 3D assessment of impacted maxillary canines allowing a classification system that may have an impact on further treatment strategies. ispartof: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DENTAL RESEARCH vol:5 issue:1 pages:19-25 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare and inherited metabolic disorders caused by the accumulation of macromolecule glycosaminoglycans inside lysosomes. Affected individuals may have dental and craniofacial tissue alterations, facilitating the development of several oral diseases. Objectives To assess, with panoramic radiographic images, the frequency of dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings among MPS individuals and compare them with non-MPS individuals. Methodology A cross-sectional study evaluating a sample of 14 MPS individuals and 28 non-MPS individuals aged from 5 to 26 years was carried out. They were matched for sex and age on a 2:1 proportion. Panoramic radiographs were assessed for the presence/absence of the following dental and maxillomandibular alterations: dental anomalies of number (hypodontia/dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth); anomalies of form (microdontia, macrodontia, conoid teeth, taurodontism, and root dilaceration); anomalies of position (impacted tooth, inverted tooth, tooth migration, partially bony teeth, complete bony teeth); periapical alterations (furcation lesion, circumscribed bone rarefaction); other alterations (radiolucent bone lesions, radiopaque bone lesions, radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, condylar hypoplasia). Differences between groups were tested by the Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test (p

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence root resorption and dilaceration between the patients with and without previous orthopedic treatment after the fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The pre- and post-treatment digitized panoramic films of 40 Class III adult patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected from patient population of the orthodontic department. Half of the patients were treated with two-phase treatment (orthopedic therapy followed by fixed appliance treatment; Group 1), while the others wore only fixed appliances (Group 2). Root resorption was evaluated from the first molar to the first molar for each arch using the ImageJ software (Bethesda, Maryland, USA). The presence of root dilacerations was also recorded on the pre-treatment panoramic radiographs. Paired samples t-test and Mann– Whitney U-test were used to compare root length. Results: Intragroup comparisons for each tooth indicated that the upper and lower incisors, first molars and upper left second premolars presented a significant decrease in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In contrast, in Group 2, a significant decrease in tooth length was found only in the upper incisors (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons for root length change indicated statistically significant differences for the lower incisors, upper second premolars, and all first molars except for the upper left molars (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the prevalence of root dilaceration in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2. Conclusion: Class III patients who received two-phase treatments experienced more root resorption and dilaceration compared with patients who received one-phase treatments. It should be remembered that early orthopedic forces may have potential adverse effects on a dental root in the long-term.

Tooth transposition can be described as interchange in position of two adjacent permanent teeth in the same quadrant. A case with a maxillary permanent dilacerated central and tranposition of canine-lateral incisor, treated with forced eruption and piezosurgical technique to shorter treatment time. Treatment is challenging for both orthodontists and oral surgeons. Using cone-beam computed tomography is necessary to correct localization and treatment planning. In this case report, successful eruption of the high vestibule dilacerated central incisor and canine transposition was performed so that the lateral incisor could be preserved in canine position. After orthodontic treatment, the patient smile esthetics and occlusion were significantly improved.

The inclusion of the maxillary incisors, although rare, poses even more difficulty to the practitioner who diagnoses it. This difficulty is increased in front of an angulated incisor in a labial position with the “policeman's sign”, the prognosis of orthodontic therapy being reserved.This article aims to describe a clinical case of retention of two maxillary central incisors with radicular angulation and in a vestibular position in an 11-year-old adolescent, referred in the Rabat dental consultation and treatment center. clinically, we can note the absence of the two maxillary central incisors on the dental arch, confirmed by the X-ray with the presence of obstacles on the path of the incisors which are in a very high position with angulated roots. The challenge was to put on the arch of the teeth and especially the aesthetic challenge. The satisfactory result obtained is only the result of the motivation of the patient as well as the dexterity of the practitioner. Despite the current treatment, we are comforted in our choice to treat. it is obvious for us that the only absolute contraindication to traction in the case of an impacted incisor remains dilaceration

Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a ritual ceremony practised mostly in African cultures, in which the primary tooth bud of the deciduous canine is extracted. Complications and risks of IOM include pain, heavy bleeding and infection that may deteriorate to life-threating conditions. The main long-term consequence of IOM is future dental abnormalities. The scientific literature lacks in-depth analyses of the dental sequelae of this practice among adults who underwent it, and particularly of the aspect of dental treatment. Eight new cases of IOM are presented in this case series, with emphasis on dental diagnosis and treatment modalities. We describe different outcomes of this practice, such as enamel hypoplasia and crown deformations with later necrosis and infection of the root canal system, severe discolouration, immature root apex, impaction of a canine, failure of development and missing lower permanent incisors and canines, an odontoma-like structure, severe periodontal defect and root dilaceration. Familiarity with the practice of IOM is vital in order to identify its manifestations and arrive at the correct diagnosis and optimal course of treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia using the digital Orthopantomography (OPG). Methods A retrospective radiographic study was performed in which digital OPGs of 1189 subjects, ages ranging between 7 and 65 years were reviewed, and 1104 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed. The OPGs were reviewed for congenitally missing teeth, impactions, ectopic eruption, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, dilacerations, taurodontism, dens in dente, gemination and fusion. Results OPGs of 1104 patients with mean age 35.32 ± 16.63 were included. The total prevalence of developmental anomalies in this study was 36.3% (401/1104). Male and female subjects with anomalies were 133 (33.2%) and 268 (66.8%) respectively. The prevalence of dilacerated teeth 300 (30.2%), congenitally missing teeth was 246 (24.7%), supernumerary teeth 18 (1.8%), talon cusp and taurodontism were seen in one patient each 1 (0.1%). Of these, a total of 15 (1.5%) anomalies were noted in pediatric patients. Conclusions Dilaceration was the most prevalent anomaly (30.2%) in the studied sample followed by congenitally missing teeth (23.4%). Talon cusp, concrescence/fusion, and taurodontism were the least prevalent anomalies.

INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study sought to assess clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of unilateral impacted maxillary central incisors and identify factors associated with the root morphology. METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 94 subjects exhibiting unilateral impacted maxillary incisors were selected and evaluated. Original CBCT data were reconstructed using Mimics software (version 17.0; Materialise, Belgium). Clinical features and 3-dimensional distribution of impacted maxillary central incisors and factors associated with the root morphology were observed and analyzed by 2 orthodontists. RESULTS This patient cohort included 52 male patients and 42 female patients. Thirty-three incisors (35.11%) with dilacerated roots, 17 incisors (18.09%) with retained deciduous teeth, 15 incisors (15.96%) with supernumerary teeth, and 15 incisors (15.96%) with a history of trauma were identified in the study. Of the 94 impacted incisors, the most common were labially impacted (n = 65; 69.15%), followed by vertically impacted (n = 17; 18.09%) and palatally impacted (n = 12; 12.77%). Chi-square tests revealed that differences in subjects with supernumerary teeth, buccolingual position, sagittal position, and axial position in the upright and dilacerated root groups were statistically significant (P

Objective To verify the prevalence of dental anomalies in terms of number, position and shape, and the presence of bone alterations, through analysis of panoramic radiographs. Methods This study evaluated dental anomalies and bone alterations in children aged 6 to 12 years-old, detected on panoramic radiographies recorded in the radiographic database of the Federal University of Espírito Santo between 2012 and 2016. Clinical and demographic information were registered. Dental records were retrieved to obtain the medical history involving syndromes or other diseases that may interfere with the anomalies and alterations. Chi-square and exact Fischer’s statistical tests were performed. Results There were alterations in 83 out of 301 panoramic radiographs analyzed. There were 169 anomalies or alterations (mean of 2,04±1,38 anomalies/patient), involving 201 teeth. The most prevalent anomaly was tooth impaction (26.63%), which affected the canines more frequently, followed by hypodontia (24.26%), more often found in the second premolar, and both affected mostly females. Hyperdontia and radiolucent lesions showed the same prevalence (18.93%), the most affected teeth were those of the anterosuperior region and the first mandibular molars, respectively. The least prevalent anomalies were dilaceration (7.69%), taurodontism (2.37%) and radiopaque lesions (1.18%). Bone alterations were significantly more found in mandible and in the posterior region, which confirms the prevalence in the lower molars. Conclusion Although there was no statistically significant difference regarding sex, there was a high prevalence of anomalies and alterations in our study population, which indicates the importance of its diagnosis by means of a panoramic x-ray examination.

Objective: To document the clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics of mandibular first molar teeth with developmental abnormalities previously attributed to dens invaginatus and enamel pearls in dogs. Materials and Methods: Affected mandibular first molar teeth from dogs were evaluated grossly and via intraoral radiography. Endodontically and/or periodontally compromised teeth were extracted and subjected to some combination of micro-computed tomography, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry with anti-amelogenin antibody. Results: Six dogs with developmental abnormalities of mandibular first molar teeth were identified, representing 11 affected teeth. The condition was bilateral in 5 dogs, while in 1 dog, only one mandibular first molar tooth was present. Patient weight ranged from 1.7 to 6 kg (median = 4.09 kg). On intraoral radiographs, root convergence or parallelism was noted in 6 of 11 teeth, and root dilaceration was noted in 3 of 11 teeth. Eight teeth required extraction due to periapical lucencies or periodontitis. On micro-CT, the abnormal teeth were characterized by the presence of abnormal, heterogenous hard tissue with beam attenuation characteristics midway between that of enamel and dentin. Enamel fissures were identified in 4 of 8 teeth, while ectopic radicular enamel was identified in 2 of 8 teeth. The abnormal tissue was traversed by channels measuring 20-40 μm in diameter. Channels communicated with the enamel fissures in 2/8 teeth, the furcation in 2/8 teeth and the pulp in 4/8 teeth. The abnormal tissue was frequently surrounded by disorganized dentin. Histologic features of enamel and dentin were absent from the abnormal tissue and immunohistochemistry to detect amelogenin in the abnormal tissue was negative in all samples. Conclusion: The dental abnormalities described here correspond to a previously unrecognized developmental abnormality involving the mandibular first molar teeth in dogs. The developmental origin of the abnormal tissue could not be ascertained, and further investigations are required to determine the mode of formation, origin of the abnormal tissue, and factors associated with development. These developmental abnormalities more closely resemble molar-incisor malformation, rather than dens invaginatus or enamel pearls as described in humans. The authors propose that affected mandibular first molar teeth simply be referred to as having carnassial tooth malformations.

Fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas não sindrômicas (FL/PNS) representam a anomalia congênita mais comum em humanos. Entretanto, são poucos os estudos que analisam a curvatura e dilaceração em pacientes acometidos pela FL/PNS. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de dilaceração radicular em 400 indivíduos portadores de FL/PNS, assim como relacionar o grau de curvatura da raiz com os diferentes tipos de fissuras. Observou-se que raízes de pré-molares e molares apresentaram diferentes direções (p

The aim of this study was to describe the causes of death in Thoroughbred horses at the Racetrack “La Rinconada”, in Caracas (Venezuela) during 2008-2012. This study was conducted in a cohort of all Thoroughbred horses that died or were subjected to euthanasia. Data was collected retrospectively. Only horses for which a full necropsy report was available were included in the study. The carcass and all internal organs of each horse were examined and representative samples of tissues with abnormalities were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination. Samples were collected for bacteriological or virological examination when indicated in gross examination. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. A total of 532 Thoroughbred horses were examined post-mortem. Of these horses, 44% were females and 56% males. In general musculoskeletal injuries and dilaceration occurred specifically at higher frequency. The total year and horses dead for descriptive statistical analysis was to mean 106.4 and median 125; Standard Deviation: 47.82573; variation (Standard Deviation): 2287.3, population (Standard Deviation): 42.77663 and variance (Standard Deviation): 18229.84. In conclusion we identify and describe the causes of death in Thoroughbred Race Horses in Caracas, Venezuela. In order of importance the causes of death were principally skeletal muscle injuries resulting in fractures euthanasia, abdominal crisis were mostly bowel twists and gastric rupture andrespiratory pathologies such as the pneumonia, pleuritis presented a significant number of cases of pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise. Finally the multisystem pathologies were presented in low cases. RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as causas de morte em cavalos de raça Puro Sangue no rasto “La Rinconada”, em Caracas, Venezuela, durante 2008-2012. Este estudo foi conduzido com cavalos Puro Sangue que morreram ou foram submetidos à eutanásia. Os dados foram escolhidos retroativamente. Somente cavalos com relatório de necropsia disponível foram incluídos neste estudo. Foram examinados o cadáver e todos os órgãos internos de cada cavalo e as amostras representativas de tecidos com anormalidades foram coletadas em 10% de formol neutro e processadas para exame histopatológico. As amostras foram apanhadas para o exame bacteriológico ou virológico somente quando indicadas em exame macroscópico. Uma análise estatística descritiva foi feita e um total de 532 cavalos Puro Sangue foi examinado através de necropsia. Destes cavalos, 44% eram fêmeas e 56% machos. Em geral, rompimentos musculares esqueléticos ocorreram mais frequentemente. O ano total e cavalos de mortos para análise estatística descritiva foi em média 106.4, mediana 125; Padrão de Divergência: 47.82573; variação (padrão de Divergência): 2287.3, população (Padrão de Divergência): 42.77663 e discrepância (Padrão de Divergência): 18229.84. Para concluir, identificamos e descrevemos as causas de morte em Cavalos Raça de Puro Sangue em Caracas, Venezuela. As causas de norte, por ordem da importância, foram lesões do músculo esquelético que causaram fraturas e eutanásia, crises abdominais principalmente por distorção e a ruptura gástrica e patologias viventes como a pneumonia e a pleurisia apresentaram um número significante dos casos de hemorragia pulmonar induzida pelo exercício. Finalmente, as patologias multi-sistêmicas foram apresentadas em poucos casos.

Introduction A labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisor is a relatively rare occurrence. The crown of the tooth is directed upward, and its palatal aspect is facing labially. This typical orientation can be the result of trauma to the deciduous incisor transmitted to the palatal side of the crown of the permanent incisor. Labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors are most commonly combined with labial-lingual root dilacerations. The aim of this study was to examine factors that affect the surgical-orthodontic treatment duration of labial inversely impacted maxillary central incisors. Method The records of 35 consecutively treated patients were retrospectively evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography images were taken before treatment, and factors affecting treatment time, including age, length, crown-root angle, crown height and depth, angle of inversion, rotation to axial plane, and distance and angle to midline, were measured using Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.8; Patterson Supply, St Paul, Minn). Treatment duration was evaluated for each patient, and logistic regression analyses were applied. Results The 15 boys and 20 girls had a mean age 8.36 ± 1.36 years. The mean orthodontic traction duration was 11.28 ± 3.08 months. Multiple regression analyses indicated that factors resulting in a longer duration were age (β = 0.779; P = 0.043), crown height (β = 0.344; P = 0.007), crown-root angle (β = −0.037; P = 0.018), and tooth length (β = −0.623; P = 0.038). Conclusions Surgical-orthodontic correction of labial inversely impacted maxillary incisors requires an average of 1 year. Assessments of age, crown height, root dilaceration, and length of incisor can help the orthodontist to better predict treatment duration during consultations with patients and parents.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the degree of curvature in distal roots in the first and second permanent mandibular molars in a Chilean patient sample. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which digital panoramic X-rays were analysed. Materials and methods: Examinations of patients under 18 years, with signs of distortion or alteration in the contrast or the presence of pathologies that affected visualisation of the roots and pulp-chamber floor of the teeth to be analysed were excluded. Using the AutoCad software, an angle was drawn to represent the curve of the root in its different thirds, drawing lines inside the root canal from the pulp-chamber floor to the dental apex. Using the classic definition of dilaceration (root curvature > 90°), its prevalence was established. 412 teeth and roots were analysed, finding a dilaceration prevalence of 0.73% (n = 3). 84.72% of the roots presented some type of curvature. Results: The middle third had the highest percentage of curvatures and the greatest average of angular curvature, whereas the cervical third was the straightest. No significant differences were found between the degree of curvature and the gender of the subjects, except for the apical third of tooth 3.6. The analysis of curvature by root third offers to the clinician a better perspective of the directional change of the roots and does not limit it to just the presence of curves in the apical third. Conclusions: The report of the angular degree of the curvatures, in addition to the prevalence of dilacerations, informs to the clinicians about the likelihood of finding difficulties when treating root canals. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 131–137)

Introduction: Impacted upper central incisors are a big aesthetic, developmental and social problem for patients. One of the causes of tooth eruption is dilaceration, which is the angulation of the tooth root in relation to its crown. The prognosis regarding the possibility of introducing teeth with dilaceration to the dental arch is uncertain and is characterized by a large number of failures. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature discussing the subject of impacted upper central incisors with confirmed dilaceration and illustrate this problem with the presentation of our own clinical case. Objectives: The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature discussing the subject of impacted maxillary central incisors with confirmed dilaceration and to illustrate this problem with the presentation of a clinical case. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching the medical databases of PubMed and Scopus. The search was carried out by entering the following keywords: dilaceration, impacted tooth, impacted maxillary central incisors. Non-systematic reviews of the literature were excluded from the analysis. Results: The result of searching the databases was a total of 706 articles. Twenty-nine articles corresponding to the objectives of the study were included in the analysis. Among them were original papers, meta-analyses and case reports. The problem of impacted upper central incisors with the diagnosed dilaceration is illustrated by the description of the orthodontic and surgical treatment of the case. Conclusions: Patients with diagnosed impacted tooth with dilaceration require detailed diagnostics to plan orthodontic treatment. The implementation of a comprehensive orthodontic and surgical treatment at an early stage of tooth development gives the best prognosis to introduce a tooth with dilaceration to the dental arch.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate root length and the frequency of its dilaceration in impacted mandibular canines. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, observational, split-mouth study evaluated cone-beam computed tomographic scans of the mandibular dentition of 27 individuals (mean age: 15.7 ± 1.9 years standard deviation) with unilaterally impacted permanent mandibular canines. While unilaterally impacted mandibular canines formed the impaction group (IG), the homonym completely erupted mandibular canines formed the control group. The two groups were compared for the mean root length and the frequency of root dilaceration of the mandibular canines. This was done using paired t-test and Chi-square test (or Fischer's exact test), respectively. Results: The mean root length of the impacted canines was significantly shorter than the homonym teeth (P < 0.05). The incidence of dilaceration was significantly higher in IG (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, impacted permanent mandibular canines demonstrate developmentally shorter roots and higher incidence of root dilaceration in contrast to the completely erupted homonym canines.

Impaction of maxillary molars is an extremely rare condition and difficult to manage. This case reports a rare cause for impacted maxillary molars which has not been reported in the literature till date. A 13-year-old patient with missing right maxillary first and second molars reported to the outpatient department. Cone beam computed tomography scan of maxilla revealed a complex relationship between the roots of first and second molars and a developing third molar crown. Surgical enucleation of third molar facilitated spontaneous eruption of both first and second molars. Dilaceration of the roots and pressure from developing third molar germ led to the impaction of both maxillary molars which has not been reported in literature yet. Hence, careful determination of etiologic factor for impaction and its elimination with periodic introspection may help in treating the problem with simple and conservative methods.

Summary Objectives The aim of this study was to assess difficulty of treatment of palatally-displaced canines (PDC) according to experts’ opinion using CBCT data and to determine a cut-off point for extraction versus forced eruption. Subjects and methods Seven CBCT variables of thirty PDC cases were measured with Dolphin 3D software. In addition to measurements of each case, nine 3D and 2D views were prepared on one page and uploaded on the website (canineimpaction.com). Thirty-four orthodontists were asked to judge the difficulty of bringing the impacted canine into occlusal plane. Then, they scored from 1 to 5 the effect of each variable on treatment difficulty and also decided whether to force-erupt or extract the impacted tooth. Results Overlap in frontal view, angulation of the canine to the occlusal plan, vertical distance to the occlusal plane, age, dilaceration and rotation had significant relationship with the level of treatment difficulty. The treatment plan decision for PDC with treatment difficulty > 7.5 was extraction rather than forced eruption. Conclusion We can predict treatment difficulty of PDC by measuring CBCT variables and decide to extract or force-erupt with a reasonable level of agreement among a panel of orthodontists.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tooth autotransplantation has been advocated for replacement of missing teeth, or teeth that are unsuitable for restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors that influenced the success of tooth transplantation in a paediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was extracted from the records of 75 patients (89 teeth). Demographic and prognostic factors were recorded and analyzed for the clinical and radiographic outcomes for periodontal ligament (PDL) and pulp healing of transplanted teeth. RESULTS: The mean age at transplant was 13.2 years and the mean follow-up observation period was 2.6±1.8 years with a range of 12.0 months-9.9 years. The main reason for transplantation was to replace upper central incisors lost or missing due to dental trauma, hypodontia and dilaceration. Of the 45 teeth that were monitored for pulp revascularization, 75.6% showed clinical and radiographic signs of pulp healing and 24.4% showed signs of pulp necrosis and infection. Pulp healing was significantly related to the stage of root development of the transplant. Favourable PDL healing was observed in 87.6% of the transplants, while 13.5% showed signs of replacement resorption. PDL healing was significantly related to the stage of root formation of the transplanted tooth at the time of the surgery, the ease of handling and placement of the tooth, and the status of the alveolar bone at the recipient site at the time of the surgery. Overall success of tooth transplantation was 87.6% and the survival rate was 94.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth transplantation carried out in children and adolescents demonstrated high success and survival, with the stage of root development influencing both the pulp and PDL healing of the transplanted teeth.

Impacted teeth are present in 1 to 5% of orthodontic patients. The most common causes are: lack of space for the eruption, prolonged bone retention barrier or early loss of deciduous teeth, abnormal position of the tooth to erupt, presence of alveolar cleft, anchylosis, neoplasias, dental or alveolar trauma and root dilaceration. The central incisor is the most frequently impacted incisor; the frequency varies between 0.06 and 0.2%. Surgical-orthodontic treatment is an option for the correction of dental impactation. This article shows the case of a patient of nine years of age who presented the clinical absence of the upper right central incisor. By using radiographic and tomographic examination the impaction was confirmed. Method: Surgical-orthodontic management, surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of the upper right central incisor. Conclusion: It is important to perform comprehensive treatments, taking into consideration the risks and benefi ts for the patient thus minimizing treatment complications of impacted teeth.

This paper describes a rare case of erupted double supernumerary teeth with unusual morphology in a 14-year-old patient with an eating disorder. The coexistence of dental morphological anomalies: multilobed mesiodens, multiple dens in dente of different types and root dilaceration have not been previously reported. The paper highlights anatomical and radiological aspects of dental abnormalities and clinical implications of delayed treatment.

Osica Piotr, Szczepkowska Aleksandra, Janas-Naze Anna. Głęboko zatrzymany ząb 21 z zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym - opis przypadku = Deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 - case report. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):54-62. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.163885 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3962 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.10.2016. Revised 30.10.2016. Accepted: 31.10.2016. Głęboko zatrzymany ząb 21 z zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym - opis przypadku Deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 - case report Piotr Osica1, Aleksandra Szczepkowska1, Anna Janas-Naze1 1Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. prof. nadzw. Anna Janas-Naze Adres do korespondencji: Piotr Osica Zakład Chirurgii Stomatologicznej UM w Łodzi 92-213 Łódź, ul. Pomorska 251 e-mail: piotr.osica@umed.lodz.pl tel. 42 675 75 71 Praca finansowana przez Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi w ramach działalności statutowej nr 503/2-163-01/503-21-001 Streszczenie W pracy opisano przypadek 12 letniej dziewczynki z głęboko zatrzymanym zębem 21 z dilaceracją, czyli zagięciem koronowo-korzeniowym. Słowa kluczowe: ząb zatrzymany, dilaceracja, opóźnione wyrzynanie Abstract The article presents the case of 12 year old girl with deeply retained dilacerated tooth 21 with Key words: retained tooth, dilaceration, delayed eruption.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies, sexual dimorphism and antimere differences of tooth size of Malay in Malaysia. Methods: Orthodontic patients for the years 2008-2010 were selected. Among these two hundred patients’ were selected based on file records. Their panoramic radiographs were examined. The prevalence of various dental anomalies was determined. Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the teeth were measured using electronic calipers with accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical package version 18.0 (2009). Results: In the Malay patients the frequency of hypodontia was 7.5%, followed by hyperdontia (2%), microdontia, dens evaginatus and short root were 1%, respectively. In addition, their macrodontia, germination and dilaceration were 0.5% , while the remaining 86% did not display any dental anomalies. This study demonstrated greater tooth sizes in male compared to female subjects except for buccolingual site of upper canine and lower incisors. Greatest dimorphism in mesiodistal dimension was noted in the lower canine while buccolingual dimension was presented by upper lateral incisor. It was found that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in tooth measurements for right and left antimeres observed for the majority of tooth classes. Conclusion: In the Malay subjects, hypodontia was the commonest dental anomaly. The Malay males had greater tooth sizes than their female counterparts. There were almost no significant antimere differences in tooth sizes. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.115-121

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental developmental anomalies among patients visiting the dental clinics at Ajman University, United Arab Emirates. Material and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 425 digital panoramic radiographs. The study sample included people in the United Arab Emirates who have visited the outpatient dental clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, at Ajman University. These OPGs have been evaluated for the presence of dental anomalies such as: Macrodontia, Microdontia, Talon cusp, Taurodontism, Dilaceration, Ectopic Eruption, Supernumerary teeth or roots, Fusion, Gemination, and Concrescense. Results: 80.7% had at least 1 anomaly, with the maximum of 5 anomalies presented in 1.2% of the sample. Dilacerations were the most commonly identified anomaly (61.4%), followed by missing third molars (22.8%), and Ectopic Eruption (15.5%) where (12.9%) of this anomaly has affected the maxillary canines. Hypercementosis (10.2%) followed by Microdontia (4.6%), which was mostly seen in the Upper laterals. Taurodontism accounted for (4.1%), Macrodontia (2.3%) and Talon cusp (2.3%). Gemination, Dens Invaginatus, and Concrescence were separately present in 1.1%, each one, of the cases observed. Conclusion: Variations in data and results among different studies suggest the impact of racial, genetic and environmental factors. The high frequency of dental anomalies emphasize the need of early detection and diagnosis which can be achieved through radiographic imaging, this would aid in further awareness to minimize any means of complexity in dental problems.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies (DAs) in Odisha population using panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods In this study, 1,080 panoramic radiographs were evaluated for DAs. Dental records were reviewed for diagnostic confirmation. Anomalies related to the shape, size, position of teeth, and number of roots (supernumerary roots) were evaluated. Results The study results showed the prevalence of DAs to be 35.27%. The most prevalent was dilaceration, which was seen in 46.71% cases followed by peg laterals in 20.99%. Conclusion Dental anomalies were present in more than one-third of the study group, which was mostly related to shape of the teeth. Early diagnosis of these DAs helps in avoiding complications. Clinical significance Identification of DAs requires proper examination and thereby subsequent correct diagnosis. These anomalies can pose complications in normal functioning of orofacial complex. The knowledge of the prevalence of such anomalies aids dental practitioners for a proper treatment plan. How to cite this article Goutham B, Bhuyan L, Chinnannavar SN, Kundu M, Jha K, Behura SS. Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Odisha Population: A Panoramic Radiographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):549-553.

Dentoalveolar trauma to the primary teeth can result in displacement, dilaceration, discoloration, delayed eruption and impaction of permanent teeth. Displacement and dilaceration of permanent teeth is the most common sequel of such injuries. The severity of such condition depends on the force of impact, region of trauma and stage of tooth development of the permanent tooth. In the present case, there was dentoalveolar trauma to primary teeth as a result of which there was displacement of the permanent incisors into the nasal floor and 90 degree dilaceration at the cementoenamel junction. The treatment included surgical removal of the displaced teeth, exposure of palatally impacted canines followed by orthodontic correction and prosthodontic replacement of the extracted teeth. Cases of dentoalveolar trauma should be critically evaluated and advanced diagnostic aids like CBCT must be used for a clear picture of the case and better treatment planning. Treatment of such cases should be followed up for a longer period of time

Introduction: The incidence of developmental dental anomalies can provide valuable information. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in the Turkish population. Material and Methods: Totally 2203 patients who came to university hospital were examined clinically and radiographically for 10 dental anomalies: rotation, diastema, hypodontia, hyperdontia, microdontia, macrodontia, dilaceration, talon cusp, gemination and ectopia. Descriptive characteristics of these dental anomalies, including gender and regions of the jaw, were recorded. The data were analyzed with Chi-square test and Yates continuity correction. Results: In 1517 patients (68.9%), tooth anomaly was detected. Rotation was found in 58.4% of patients, significantly lower in the molar region than in the anterior and premolar regions (P < 0.01). Diastema was found in 22.7% of the samples, at higher rates in the anterior region than in the premolar and molar regions (P < 0.01). Dilaceration was observed 3.8% of the patients, at significantly higher rates in the molar region (P < 0.01). Ectopia was found in 2.9% of individuals, less common in the molar region than in the anterior and premolar regions (P < 0.01). Hypodontia was seen in 3.4% of patients, significantly lower in the anterior teeth than in the premolar and molar teeth (P < 0.01). Patients having talon cusp were 2.7%, microdontia was 1%, and only 0.5% showed the presence of hyperdontia. The distribution of hyperdontia and microdontia did not significantly differ between regions (P > 0.05). Gemination was seen in only one anterior tooth and macrodontia in only one premolar tooth. Discussion and Conclusion: Rotation is the most common dental anomaly in Turkish population, followed by diastema. Knowledge of the prevalence of anomalies may help clinicians to the detection of these anomalies at early stages.

Panoramic radiographs are complementary exams to evaluate oral alterations in an early manner, these changes can be dental developmental anomalies, and post-eruption dental disorder. Aim: This study evaluated the findings in panoramic radiographs and correlated the variables of gender and dental location. Methods: A retrospective study was through the observation of 1.111 panoramic radiographs from the Radiology Department in Brazil. It was included patients from 5 to 79 years of age of both gender, and it classified the anomalies in shape, size, and number and post-eruption dental changes in and correlated with gender and location. Patients with syndromes were excluded from the sample. Results: The majority of the sample was composed of fameles 752 (67.7%), as to the frequency of dental developmental anomalies related lesions 684 cases (61.6%) and post-eruption dental disorder 567 (51.8%), in the radiographs. The most prevalent change was endodontic treatment (32.6%), followed by root dilaceration (25.9%), and included tooth (19.5%). The most prevailing alteration when correlated with the gender variables was the cyst root (p

The most damaging sequelae of traumatic injuries to primary teeth are their effect on unerupted developing permanent dentition. Any injury to teeth of young child can have serious and long term consequences. Among the many malformations, dilaceration is particularly important as it requires a multidisciplinary approach. This case report reviews the restorative treatment proposed to reestablish the esthetics and function of the affected tooth of crown dilaceration in permanent maxillary incisor after trauma to their primary predecessors.