261 results on '"Dihu Chen"'
Search Results
52. A fast-response buck-boost DC-DC converter with constructed full-wave current sensor.
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Lei Zhu, Biao Chen, Yanqi Zheng, Jianping Guo, Marco Ho, Ka Nang Leung, Dihu Chen, and Yang Liu
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- 2016
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53. A mechanism for detecting on-chip radio frequency interference of field-programmable gate array.
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Hengfei Zhong, Zhuoquan Huang, Dihu Chen, Tao Su, and Zixin Wang
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- 2017
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54. A 3.5-A buck DC-DC regulator with wire drop compensation for remote-loading applications.
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Lei Zhu, Qi Cheng 0005, Jianghui Deng, Jianping Guo, Dihu Chen, and Xidong Ding
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- 2015
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55. Bleeding detection in wireless capsule endoscopy based on MST clustering and SVM.
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Yi Xiong, Yiting Zhu, Zhiyong Pang, Yuzhe Ma, Dihu Chen, and Xinying Wang
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- 2015
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56. Cascoded flipped voltage follower based output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator for SoCs.
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Guangxiang Li, Jianping Guo, Yanqi Zheng, Mo Huang, and Dihu Chen
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- 2015
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57. Combining shape regression model and isophotes curvature information for eye center localization.
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Chuansheng Wei, Zhiyong Pang, and Dihu Chen
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- 2014
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58. Dual-mode optical temperature sensing properties of PIN-PMN-PT:Pr3+ ceramic based on fluorescence intensity ratios and lifetimes
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Zhen Liu, Ruixue Wang, and Dihu Chen
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
59. A lightweight hardware‐efficient recurrent network for video super‐resolution
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Yannan Mo, Dihu Chen, and Tao Su
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2022
60. A CMOS Delta-Sigma PLL Transmitter with Efficient Modulation Bandwidth Calibration.
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Mo Huang, Dihu Chen, Jianping Guo, Hui Ye, Ken Xu, Xiaofeng Liang, and Yan Lu 0002
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- 2015
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61. A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Images Based on Level Set Segmentation and ReliefF Feature Selection.
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Zhiyong Pang, Dongmei Zhu, Dihu Chen, Li Li 0032, and Yuanzhi Shao
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- 2015
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62. A tri-band, 2-RX MIMO, 1-TX TD-LTE CMOS transceiver.
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Mo Huang, Dihu Chen, Jianping Guo, Ken Xu, Hui Ye, Xiaofeng Liang, Elias H. Dagher, Bin Xu, and Wesley K. Masenten
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- 2015
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63. A power-area-efficient, 3-band, 2-RX MIMO, TD-LTE receiver with direct-coupled ADC.
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Mo Huang, Dihu Chen, Zhao Wang, Jianping Guo, Elias H. Dagher, Bin Xu, Ken Xu, Hui Ye, Weiguo Zheng, Zhen Liang, Xiaofeng Liang, and Wesley K. Masenten
- Published
- 2015
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64. A gradual scheduling framework for problem size reduction and cross basic block parallelism exploitation in high-level synthesis.
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Hongbin Zheng, Qingrui Liu, Junyi Li, Dihu Chen, and Zixin Wang
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- 2013
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65. 1024-point pipeline FFT processor with pointer FIFOs based on FPGA.
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Guanwen Zhong, Hongbin Zheng, ZhenHua Jin, Dihu Chen, and Zhiyong Pang
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- 2011
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66. Dual-color fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of Gd2O3:Dy3+ nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in water
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Dihu Chen, Chaorui Li, Hang Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhen Liu, and Huawei Deng
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010302 applied physics ,Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,Laser ablation ,Materials science ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,MRI contrast agent ,Nanoparticle ,Nanoprobe ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Nanomedicine ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Multimodal imaging has attracted tremendous attention in biotechnology and nanomedicine applications. Monoclinic Gd2O3:Dy3+ nanoparticles (NPs) with dual-color fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been successfully synthesized by employing laser ablation in liquid (LAL) technique. The synthesized nanoparticles can be used as yellow fluorescence nanoprobe as well as blue ones due to their sharp and strong yellow and blue emissions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement shows that the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of the Gd2O3:1%Dy3+NPs is 4.5 times higher than that of the commercial Gd-DTPA. The experiment of in vitro cell fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging of female Balb/c mouse indicates that the Gd2O3:Dy3+ NPs synthesized by LAL technique are promising candidates of dual-color FI nanoprobe and MRI contrast agent in further clinical applications.
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- 2021
67. Multiscale Omnibearing Attention Networks for Person Re-Identification
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Sicheng Lian, Yewen Huang, Haifeng Hu, Dihu Chen, and Tao Su
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business.industry ,Computer science ,Feature extraction ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Visualization ,Discriminative model ,Feature (computer vision) ,Robustness (computer science) ,Media Technology ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Focus (optics) ,Adaptation (computer science) ,computer ,Communication channel - Abstract
The past few years in the fields of Person Re-Identification (RE-ID) have seen attention mechanism receives enormous interest as it has superior performance in obtaining discriminative feature representations. However, a wide range of state-of-the-art RE-ID attention models only focus on one-dimensional attention design method, e.g. spatial attention and channels attention, hence the produced attention maps are neither detailed enough nor discriminative enough to capture complicated interactions of visual parts. Developing multi-scale attention mechanism for RE-ID, an under-studied approach, becomes a practicable method to overcome this deficiency. Toward this goal, we propose a Multiscale Omnibearing Attention Networks (MOAN) for RE-ID which is capable of utilizing the complex fusion information acquired from the multiscale attention mechanism with features being more representative. Specifically, MOAN takes full advantage of multi-sized convolution filters to obtain discriminative holistic and local feature maps, and adaptively conducts feature information augmentation by introducing an Omnibearing Attention (OA) module. Through the OA module, spatial attention and channel attention are integrated together in a unique way where they work in a complementary way. To sum up, MOAN not only inherits the merit of two kinds of attention mechanism but also performs well in extracting comprehensive feature information. Furthermore, taking into account the robustness of model performance, we formulate a Random Drop (RD) Function to facilitate training MOAN and further increase the diversity of training model for adaptation. Furthermore, to achieve end-to-end training, we utilize trainable parameters to take place of initial fixed parameters, and the model performance is experimentally promoted. Extensive experiments have been carried out on the four mainstream RE-ID datasets. As the result shows, our method with re-ranking achieves rank-1 accuracy of 92.29% on CUHK03-NP, 97.45% on Market-1501, 93.81% on DukeMTMC-reID and 81.53% on MSMT17-V2, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods and confirming the effectiveness of our method.
- Published
- 2021
68. Multi‐label based view learning for vehicle re‐identification
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Yichu Liu, Haifeng Hu, and Dihu Chen
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2021
69. Joint Memory with Distance Recalculation for Unsupervised Person Re-Identification
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Lifeng Zheng, Yangbin Yu, Haifeng Hu, and Dihu Chen
- Published
- 2022
70. CSI-Based Indoor Localization.
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Kaishun Wu, Jiang Xiao, Youwen Yi, Dihu Chen, Xiaonan Luo, and Lionel M. Ni
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- 2013
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71. hJam: Attachment Transmission in WLANs.
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Kaishun Wu, Haochao Li, Lu Wang 0002, Youwen Yi, Yunhuai Liu, Dihu Chen, Xiaonan Luo, Qian Zhang 0001, and Lionel M. Ni
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- 2013
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72. Two‐way constraint network for RGB‐Infrared person re‐identification
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Haifeng Hu, Dihu Chen, Weipeng Hu, and Haitang Zeng
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Constraint (information theory) ,Infrared ,Computer science ,business.industry ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,RGB color model ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Re identification ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
RGB‐Infrared person re‐identification (RGB‐IR Re‐ID) is a task aiming to retrieve and match person images between RGB images and IR images. Since most surveillance cameras capture RGB images during the day and IR images at night, RGB‐IR Re‐ID is helpful when checking day and night surveillance for criminal investigations. Previous related work often only extracts sharable and identity‐related features in images for identification. Few researches specifically extract and make use of features that do not have the ability to distinguish identity, e.g. identity‐unrelated features derived from background and modality. In this Letter, we propose a novel and concise RGB‐IR Re‐ID network named two‐way constraint network (TWCN). Compared with traditional Re‐ID networks, TWCN not only extracts and utilises identity‐related features but also novelly makes full use of identity‐unrelated features to improve the accuracy of the experiment. TWCN uses a reverse‐triplet loss to extract identity‐unrelated features, and proposes an orthogonal constraint to remove identity‐unrelated information from identity‐related features, which improves the purity of identity‐related features. In addition, a correlation coefficient synergy and central clustering (CCSCC) loss is introduced into TWCN to extract identity‐related features effectively. Extensive experiments have been conducted to prove our method is effective.
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- 2021
73. Improved Synthesis of Compressor Trees on FPGAs in High-Level Synthesis.
- Author
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Le Tu, Yuelai Yuan, Kan Huang, Xiaoqiang Zhang 0010, Zixin Wang, and Dihu Chen
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- 2017
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74. Three-Dimension Transmissible Attention Network for Person Re-Identification
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Sicheng Lian, Dihu Chen, Suian Zhang, Haifeng Hu, Yewen Huang, and Tao Su
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Feature extraction ,Perspective (graphical) ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Visualization ,Feature (computer vision) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Media Technology ,Benchmark (computing) ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Representation (mathematics) ,business - Abstract
In this work, we propose a Three-Dimensional Transmissible Attention Network (3DTANet) for Person Re-Identification, which can transmit the attention information from layer to layer and attend to the person image from a three-dimensional perspective. Main contributions of the 3DTANet are: (i) A novel Transmissible Attention (TA) mechanism is introduced, which can transfer attention information between convolution layers. Different from traditional attention mechanism, not only can it convey accumulated attention information layer by layer but also guide the network to retain holistic attention information. (ii) We propose a Three-Dimension Attention (3DA) mechanism, which is capable of extracting a three-dimensional attention map. While previous researches on image attention mechanism extracts channel or spatial attention information separately, 3DA mechanism pays attention to channel and spatial information simultaneously, thereby making them play better complementary role in attention extraction. (iii) A new loss function named L2-norm Multi-labels Loss (L2ML) is applied to acquire higher recognition accuracy calculated by multi labels of same ID and corresponding feature representation. Quite different from the common loss functions, L2-norm Multi-labels Loss is specifically good at optimizing feature distance. In brief, 3DTANet gains two-fold benefit toward higher accuracy. For one thing, the attention information is informative and can be transmitted, feature being more representative. For another, our model is computationally lightweight and can be easily applied to real scenarios. We extensively conduct experiments on four Person Re-Identification benchmark datasets. Our model achieves rank-1 accuracy of 87.50% on CUHK03, 96.23% on Market-1501, 92.50% on DukeMTMC-reID and 76.60% on MSMT17-V2 respectively. The results confirm that the 3DTANet can extract more representative features and attain a higher recognition accuracy, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.
- Published
- 2020
75. Deeply Associative Two-Stage Representations Learning Based on Labels Interval Extension Loss and Group Loss for Person Re-Identification
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Tao Su, Yewen Huang, Yi Huang, and Dihu Chen
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,Feature extraction ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Public space ,Discriminative model ,Feature (computer vision) ,Metric (mathematics) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Media Technology ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Gradient descent ,Image retrieval ,Feature learning ,Pose - Abstract
Person Re-identification (ReID) aims to match people across non-overlapping camera views in a public space, which is usually regarded as an image retrieval problem to match query images with pedestrian images in the gallery. It is challenging since many difficulties exist such as pose misalignments, occlusions, similar appearance when detecting people. Existing researches on ReID mainly focus on two major problems: representation learning and metric learning. In this paper, we target at learning discriminative representations and make two contributions in total. ( $i$ ) We propose a novel architecture named Deeply Associative Two-stage Representations Learning (DATRL). It contains the global re-initialization stage and fully-perceptual classification stage employing two identical CNNs associatively at the same time. On the global stage, we take on the backbone of one deep CNN e.g., dozens of layers in the front of Resnet-50 as a normal re-initialization subnetwork. Meanwhile, we apply our own proposed 3D-transpose technique into the backbone of the other CNN to form the 3D-transpose re-initialization subnetwork. The fully-perceptual stage is actually made up of the leftover layers of the original CNNs. On this stage, we take both the global representations learned at multiple hierarchies and the local representations uniformly-partitioned on the highest conv-layer into consideration, and then optimizing them separately for classification. ( $ii$ ) We introduce a new joint loss function in which our proposed Labels Interval Extension loss (LIEL) and Group loss (GL) are combined to enhance the performance of gradient decent as well as increasing the distances between image features with different identities. We apply the above DATRL, LIEL and GL to ReID thus obtaining DATRL-ReID. Experimental results on four datasets CUHK03, Market-1501, DukeMTMC-reID and MSMT17-V2 demonstrate that DATRL-ReID shows excellent performance in improving recognition accuracy and is superior to state-of-the-art methods.
- Published
- 2020
76. Run-Time Hierarchical Management of Mapping, Per-Cluster DVFS and Per-Core DPM for Energy Optimization
- Author
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Weiming Qiu, Yonghao Chen, Dihu Chen, Tao Su, and Simei Yang
- Subjects
energy optimization ,heterogeneous cluster-based multi/many-core systems ,0–1 ILP model ,task mapping ,DVFS ,DPM ,hierarchical management ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Heterogeneous cluster-based multi/many-core systems (e.g., ARM big.LITTLE, supporting dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) at cluster level and dynamic power management (DPM) at core level) have attracted much attention to optimize energy on modern embedded systems. For concurrently executing applications on such a platform, this paper aims to study how to appropriately apply the three system configurations (mapping, DVFS, and DPM) to reduce both dynamic and static energy. To this end, this paper first formulates the dependence of the three system configurations on heterogeneous cluster-based systems as a 0–1 integrated linear programming (ILP) model, taking into account run-time configuration overheads (e.g., costs of DPM mode switching and task migration). Then, with the 0–1 ILP model, different run-time strategies (e.g., considering the three configurations in fully separate, partially separate, and holistic manners) are compared based on a hierarchical management structure and design-time prepared data. Experimental case studies offer insights into the effectiveness of different management strategies on different platform sizes (e.g., #cluster × #core, 2 × 4, 2 × 8, 4 × 4, 4 × 8), in terms of application migration, energy efficiency, resource efficiency, and complexity.
- Published
- 2022
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77. Color tunable upconversion luminescence and optical thermometry properties of mixed Gd2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+/Er3+ nanoparticles prepared via laser ablation in liquid
- Author
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Dihu Chen and Zhen Liu
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Laser ablation ,Upconversion luminescence ,Optical thermometry ,Analytical chemistry ,Nanoparticle ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Photon upconversion ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Excitation ,Diode - Abstract
The mixtures of Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ and Gd2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanoparticles were successfully prepared via pulsed laser ablation in liquid followed by solution mixing. Under excitation of 980 nm diode laser, tunable color from green to red emission was achieved. Based on the thermal linked energy levels, the temperature sensitive upconversion emission was observed. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of I513–530 nm/I530–580 nm increased as the elevation of temperature. The absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity were derived from temperature dependent FIR. The results show that the mixture of Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ and Gd2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanoparticles are not only potential candidates for multicolor upconversion luminescence but also promising optical materials for non-contact optical thermometry.
- Published
- 2020
78. Dual Active-Feedback Frequency Compensation for Output-Capacitorless LDO With Transient and Stability Enhancement in 65-nm CMOS
- Author
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Yan Lu, Bing Mo, Guangxiang Li, Jianping Guo, Dihu Chen, and Huimin Qian
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Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Transistor ,Regulator ,Frequency compensation ,Biasing ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,Compensation (engineering) ,Capacitor ,CMOS ,law ,Control theory ,Logic gate ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Active feedback ,Transient response ,Transient (oscillation) ,Cascode ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Electrical impedance ,Voltage - Abstract
An output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator (OCL-LDO) using a dual-active feedback frequency compensation (DAFFC) scheme with both transient and stability enhancement has been presented in this paper. The DAFFC scheme consists of two parallel active feedback paths, which creates two pole-zero pairs to effectively enhance the stability and transient response for the proposed OCL-LDO. Compared to the conventional single-path active-feedback frequency compensation method, the proposed DAFFC technique has provided one more design freedom with one more active feedback loop deployed and has been proved to be capable of obtaining better compensation effects with the same capacitor budget. Besides, the induced extra ac currents by the two active feedback loops have also enhanced the transient response of the proposed OCL-LDO. To substantiate the proposed DAFFC, a telescopic cascode output stage for error amplifier, and two on-chip compensation capacitors (5 and 1 pF, respectively) are needed. The proposed OCL-LDO has been implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology and the active chip area is 0.0105 mm2. The output voltage is 0.8 V, and the minimum input voltage is 0.95 V at 100-mA loading current. The proposed OCL-LDO can work stably in a load range of 0 to 100 mA with 14-μA quiescent current.
- Published
- 2020
79. Design and verification of RISC-V CPU based on HLS and UVM
- Author
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Haopeng Feng, Jiarong Chen, Zixin Wang, Dihu Chen, and Yingfeng Ding
- Subjects
Reduced instruction set computing ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Instruction set ,Universal Verification Methodology ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,Embedded system ,High-level synthesis ,RISC-V ,Code (cryptography) ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATION ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN - Abstract
RISC-V is an open source instruction set architecture (ISA) based on the principles of Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC). High-level synthesis (HLS) can automatically synthesize high-level specifications (such as in C or C++) into low-level RTL specifications for efficient implementation in application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). This article proposes a method to implement CPU based on HLS. Based on the RISC-V architecture, the processor is designed using C language and synthesized into RTL code through HLS. This method greatly improve the speed of design and reduce the manpower required for design. In addition, by using Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) to build a verification platform to verify the RTL code, the synthesized RTL code is reliably and fully verified.
- Published
- 2021
80. Dual semantic interdependencies attention network for person re‐identification
- Author
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Shengrong Yang, Tao Su, Haifeng Hu, and Dihu Chen
- Subjects
Theoretical computer science ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,DUAL (cognitive architecture) ,Semantics ,Feature (linguistics) ,Interdependence ,Recurrent neural network ,Discriminative model ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,media_common - Abstract
Attention mechanisms are widely used in re-identification (reID) tasks, but few attention-based architectures have considered integrating local features with their global dependencies, that is the previous works do not model the semantic interdependencies in both spatial dimension and channel dimension. Intuitively, for person feature representations, it is important to model the interdependencies between human body semantics. In this Letter, the authors proposed a dual semantic interdependencies attention module to capture semantic interdependencies in both spatial dimension and channel dimension simultaneously. Besides, they designed a deep supervision branch to directly guide the training of the attention modules and innovatively introduce a channels random dropping mechanism in the training phase to promote the attention modules to capture more discriminative information. Extensive experimental results show that the network merging the above strategies achieves state-of-the-art results on the mainstream reID data sets.
- Published
- 2020
81. A Configurable Accelerator for Keyword Spotting Based on Small-Footprint Temporal Efficient Neural Network
- Author
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Keyan He, Dihu Chen, and Tao Su
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,keyword spotting ,temporal convolutional neural network ,configurable accelerator ,mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Keyword spotting (KWS) plays a crucial role in human–machine interactions involving smart devices. In recent years, temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) have performed outstandingly with less computational complexity, in comparison with classical convolutional neural network (CNN) methods. However, it remains challenging to achieve a trade-off between a small-footprint model and high accuracy for the edge deployment of the KWS system. In this article, we propose a small-footprint model based on a modified temporal efficient neural network (TENet) and a simplified mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) algorithm. With the batch-norm folding and int8 quantization of the network, our model achieves the accuracy of 95.36% on Google Speech Command Dataset (GSCD) with only 18 K parameters and 461 K multiplications. Furthermore, following a hardware/model co-design approach, we propose an optimized dataflow and a configurable hardware architecture for TENet inference. The proposed accelerator implemented on Xilinx zynq 7z020 achieves an energy efficiency of 25.6 GOPS/W and reduces the runtime by 3.1× compared with state-of-the-art work.
- Published
- 2022
82. Transformer with sparse self‐attention mechanism for image captioning
- Author
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Dihu Chen, Duofeng Wang, and Haifeng Hu
- Subjects
Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Convolutional neural network ,Object detection ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Encoder ,Image retrieval ,Decoding methods ,Transformer (machine learning model) - Abstract
Recently, transformer has been applied to the image caption model, in which the convolutional neural network and the transformer encoder act as the image encoder of the model, and the transformer decoder acts as the decoder of the model. However, transformer may suffer from the interference of non-critical objects of a scene and meet with difficulty to fully capture image information due to its self-attention mechanism's dense characteristics. In this Letter, in order to address this issue, the authors propose a novel transformer model with decreasing attention gates and attention fusion module. Specifically, they firstly use attention gate to force transformer to overcome the interference of non-critical objects and capture objects information more efficiently via truncating all the attention weights that smaller than gate threshold. Secondly, through inheriting attentional matrix from the previous layer of each network layer, the attention fusion module enables each network layer to consider other objects without losing the most critical ones. Their method is evaluated using the benchmark Microsoft COCO dataset and achieves better performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
- Published
- 2020
83. Hierarchical extended collaborative representation based classification for single‐sample face recognition
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Ling-Shuang Du, Yue-Lai Yuan, and Dihu Chen
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Scheme (programming language) ,Contextual image classification ,Computer science ,business.industry ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Pattern recognition ,Single sample ,02 engineering and technology ,Variation (game tree) ,Facial recognition system ,Discriminative model ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Representation (mathematics) ,business ,Test sample ,computer ,Software ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Collaborative representation based classification (CRC) has been widely used and shown good performance in face recognition (FR). Afterwards, hierarchical representation based classification has recently been proposed and aims to enhance the classification performance of the CRC method. However, these methods highly depend on the over-complete dictionary comprised of sufficient training samples, and cannot be directly applied for single-sample FR. In this study, the authors propose a novel CRC-based FR framework to address this issue, which is named hierarchical extended collaborative representation based classification (HECRC). Firstly, they integrate hierarchical representation based model with low-rank constrained variation dictionaries. Secondly, they select training samples that are the nearest neighbours of test images to obtain a more discriminative training dictionary, where an adaptive scheme is introduced to select proper samples automatically instead of setting a predefined number in traditional methods. Finally, the refined training dictionary and the learned variation dictionaries are jointly utilised to represent the test sample. Moreover, they combined the proposed HECRC with deep features to further improve the recognition rate. Experiments have been conducted on the AR and FERET datasets, and the results show that the proposed method has a substantial improvement over existing algorithms for single-sample FR.
- Published
- 2019
84. Temperature dependent upconversion properties of Yb3+:Ho3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in water
- Author
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Huawei Deng, Dihu Chen, and Zhen Liu
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Quenching (fluorescence) ,Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Analytical chemistry ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric temperature range ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Photon upconversion ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Selected area diffraction ,Crystallization ,0210 nano-technology ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Abstract
Yb3+:Ho3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in water under different laser energy. The phase structure, morphology, crystallization and upconversion photoluminescence properties of obtained samples were investigated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and photoluminescence spectra. The mechanism of the upconversion process was discussed based on the energy level diagram and power dependent upconversion emission. Upconversion mechanisms and thermal effects caused by absorption of excitation laser were discussed. Temperature dependent green and red emissions of Yb3+:Ho3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles under the excitation of 980 nm were investigated in the low temperature range of 130 K–280 K. Non-radiative decay rate theory was used to explain the difference of quenching rates of green and red emissions. A further study on temperature sensing properties based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of green and red emissions was carried out. The FIR as a function of temperature can be well fitted by the model based on the thermal quenching theory. The relative sensitivity reaches its maximum value of 0.804% K−1 at 216 K.
- Published
- 2019
85. Up-/downconversion luminescence in Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals: Emission manipulation and energy transfer phenomena
- Author
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Dihu Chen, Fuchi Liu, Wenjie Kong, Fengzhen Lv, Huawei Deng, Jun Liu, and Lizhen Long
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Lanthanide ,Materials science ,Energy transfer ,Biophysics ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ion ,Nanocrystal ,Chemical physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Luminescence ,Excitation - Abstract
The large number of energy levels available to lanthanide ions makes the emission mechanism of lanthanide-doped luminescent materials extremely complicated. Herein, we focus on the discussion and analysis of luminescence manipulation in Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals and systematically investigate ion-ion interaction–induced energy transfer in up- and downconversion processes to shed light on the manipulation mechanism, showing that the luminescence of the above nanocrystals can be controlled by varying the content of Yb3+. Based on Dexter's energy transfer theory and the fact that excitation of Er3+ ions results in the appearance of emission attributed to the 2F5/2→2F7/2 transition of Yb3+ in the near-infrared region (950–1100 nm), this behavior is ascribed to the occurrence of energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+.
- Published
- 2019
86. Area Optimized Synthesis of Compressor Trees on Xilinx FPGAs Using Generalized Parallel Counters
- Author
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Wang Zixin, Dihu Chen, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Kan Huang, Yuelai Yuan, Tiejun Zhang, and Le Tu
- Subjects
Adder ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,Heuristic (computer science) ,Clock rate ,integer linear programming (ILP) ,General Engineering ,Parallel computing ,field programmable gate array (FPGA) ,compressor tree ,Application-specific integrated circuit ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Field-programmable gate array ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Integer programming ,Gas compressor ,Generalized parallel counter (GPC) - Abstract
Early compressor trees based on carry-save adders and single-column parallel counters show good performance in ASIC design, but do not adapt well to modern field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Recently, compressor trees built from generalized parallel counters (GPCs) were synthesized on FPGAs to address this issue. Despite the improved timing performance of GPC-based compressor trees, area reduction is not as significant as delay, and can be further optimized. In this paper, we propose improved GPC mappings as well as new approaches for GPC cascading and binding for Xilinx FPGAs. With these improvements, we develop an integer linear programming (ILP) method for FPGA synthesis of GPC-based compressor trees that supports cascading and binding between GPCs. Experimental results show that the single-cycle compressor trees produced by the proposed ILP can reduce the average area by 42.40% compared with those generated by existing heuristic method, but are 13.16% slower; the pipelined compressor trees produced by the proposed ILP can reduce the average area by 33.43% at the cost of an average 14.35% decrease in maximum clock frequency compared with those obtained by existing heuristic method.
- Published
- 2019
87. Category-Level Adversaries for Semantic Domain Adaptation
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Wei Wang, Dihu Chen, and Congcong Ruan
- Subjects
Training set ,Generative adversarial networks ,General Computer Science ,business.industry ,Computer science ,domain adaptation ,Deep learning ,General Engineering ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Semantic domain ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Convolutional neural network ,semantic segmentation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Feature (machine learning) ,Reinforcement learning ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,General Materials Science ,Artificial intelligence ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,computer ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Recent advances in deep learning, especially deep convolutional neural networks, have led to great performance improvement over semantic segmentation systems. Unfortunately, training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires a humongous amount of labeled data, which is laborious and costly to collect and annotate. Thus, plenty of works have proposed an alternative solution to ease the training set creation by using synthetic data. However, models trained on these kinds of data usually under-perform on real images due to the well-known issue of domain shift. To address it, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based framework called category-level adversarial adaptation networks (CAA-Nets) for domain adaptation in the context of semantic segmentation. Considering semantic predictions that contain spatial and structure information of images, our idea is to make use of this character by imposing discriminators on the semantic predictions. Different from existing works, the proposed framework utilizes a category-level discriminator in the output space to shrink the gap between real and synthetic images. Similar to reinforcement learning, we take final results as a guide to update parameters in the right direction by use of the output-based discriminator. Moreover, to further enhance the performance, we construct an image-based generator and discriminator pair to distill the feature representations obtained by a DNN. Taking advantage of these modules, our model can achieve competitive performance compared with some existing methods. To showcase the generality and scalability of our approach, we evaluate the proposed method on the Cityscapes dataset by adapting from GTAV and SYNTHIA datasets, where the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
- Published
- 2019
88. Image Inpainting Based on Patch-GANs
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Liuchun Yuan, Congcong Ruan, and Dihu Chen
- Subjects
General Computer Science ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Inpainting ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Patch-GANs ,01 natural sciences ,Image (mathematics) ,Consistency (database systems) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,Computer vision ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pixel ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Image inpainting ,multi-scale discriminators ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,Generator (mathematics) - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel image inpainting framework that takes advantage of holistic and structure information of the broken input image. Different from the existing models that complete the broken pictures using the holistic features of the input, our method adopts Patch-generative adversarial networks (GANs) equipped with multi-scale discriminators and edge process function to extract holistic, structured features, and restore the damaged images. After pre-training our Patch-GANs, the proposed network encourages our generator to find the best encoding of the broken input images in the latent space using a combination of a reconstruction loss, an edge loss, and global and local guidance losses. Besides, the reconstruction and the global guidance losses ensure the pixel reliability of the generated images, and the remaining losses guarantee the contents consistency between the local and global parts. The qualitative and quantitative experiments on multiple public datasets show that our approach has the ability to produce more realistic images compared with some existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
- Published
- 2019
89. Resetting-Label Network Based on Fast Group Loss for Person Re-Identification
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Tao Su, Yewen Huang, Suian Zhang, and Dihu Chen
- Subjects
person re-identification ,Similarity (geometry) ,General Computer Science ,business.industry ,Group (mathematics) ,Computer science ,Computation ,resetting-label ,General Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Pattern recognition ,Variance (accounting) ,Re identification ,image retrieval ,Benchmark (computing) ,General Materials Science ,Artificial intelligence ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Multi-layer neural network ,business ,artificial neural networks ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,image classification - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a Resetting-Label Network based on Fast Group Loss for Person Re-Identification (RLFGL-ReID). The major challenge of Re-ID lies in how to preserve the similarity of the same person against large variations caused by complex background, different illuminations, and various view angles while discriminating different individuals. To address the above-mentioned problems, we propose the RLFGL-ReID that includes resetting-label (RL) and fast group loss (FGL). Two main contributions of our network are as follows. First, a new method, the resetting-label method, which resets the ID labels, is proposed for the Re-ID network. Resetting the ID labels of each pedestrian is beneficial in maximizing the inter-group distances between each people, achieving better performance on classifying different individuals. Second, a fast group loss, i.e., an advanced version of variance group loss (VGL), is proposed to simplify the training process and accelerate the loss computation. By doing so, the network can eliminate the restriction of inputting the whole group of data when training the network. To confirm the effectiveness of our method, we extensively conduct our method on several widely used person Re-ID benchmark datasets. As the result shows, our method achieves rank@1 accuracy of 98.38% on CUHK03, 95.46% on Market1501, and 91.2% on DukeMTMC-reID, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods and confirming the advantage of our method.
- Published
- 2019
90. W-Band Synthesized Modulator and Demodulator with Wideband Performance in 65-nm CMOS
- Author
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Dihu Chen, Mo Zhou, Xiangyu Meng, Zhenpeng Zheng, and Jiaqi Zhang
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Transistor ,Noise figure ,Chip ,law.invention ,CMOS ,W band ,law ,Optoelectronics ,Demodulation ,Radio frequency ,Wideband ,business - Abstract
A high image-rejection in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulator and a wideband demodulator with large dynamic range operating in W-band is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology. The modulator demonstrates a flat conversion gain of 12.5±0.7dB, a minimum image-rejection ratio of 40 dBc and a maximum LO-to-RF leakage of 38 dB from 90 to 98 GHz. The conversion gain of the demodulator is digitally controlled from 15 to 46 dB with a noise figure from 13.5 to 11.5 dB and an input 1dB compression point (IP1dB) from −13 to −39 dBm. The modulator and the demodulator are synthesized by two on-chip single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches and one IF switch. The entire system occupies 1.4 mm2 chip area with a total power consumption of 165 mW.
- Published
- 2020
91. A general top-down approach to synthesize rare earth doped-Gd
- Author
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Ningqi, Luo, Chuan, Yang, Xiumei, Tian, Jun, Xiao, Jun, Liu, Fei, Chen, Donghui, Zhang, Dekang, Xu, Yueli, Zhang, Guowei, Yang, Dihu, Chen, and Li, Li
- Abstract
Dualmodal contrast agents of rare earth doped gadolinium oxide (Gd
- Published
- 2020
92. Imaging of electronical and magnetic properties on sub-10 nanometer scale with scanning force microscopy in ambient
- Author
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Yixiao Wu, Dihu Chen, Xidong Ding, Han Shen, Luo Yongzhen, and Zhigang Cai
- Subjects
Materials science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Nanometre ,Scanning Force Microscopy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Limited by applicable force-detection techniques, imaging of electronical or magnetic properties on sub-10 nanometer scale with scanning force microscopy in ambient is challenging in experiment and...
- Published
- 2018
93. Regional attention generative adversarial network
- Author
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Haifeng Hu, Wei Wang, Chongchong Ruan, Yi Huang, and Dihu Chen
- Subjects
quantitative performance improvement ,Contextual image classification ,business.industry ,Computer science ,generated images ,Feature extraction ,qualitative performance improvement ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Real image ,Object detection ,TK1-9971 ,feature mapping ,Feature (machine learning) ,Unsupervised learning ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Artificial intelligence ,regional attention generative adversarial networks ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,attention mechanism ,business ,computer ,Generative grammar - Abstract
In this Letter, the authors propose a novel attention mechanism combined with a classical generative adversarial network (GAN) model to improve the visual quality of generated samples. This novel attention model is named regional attention GAN. The proposed mechanism can build dependencies between the high‐level representations extracted from attention regions of real images and corresponding feature maps of the generative network. By modelling these dependencies, the generative network can be facilitated to learn feature mapping and fit the distribution of real data. They conduct extensive experiments on widely used datasets CIFAR‐10, STL‐10, and CelebA. The quantitative and qualitative performance improvement over state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrates the validity of the proposed attention mechanism in improving the quality of generated images.
- Published
- 2019
94. Locking of RO due to RF interference in supply
- Author
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Zhiyu Xiao, Dihu Chen, and Tao Su
- Subjects
Physics ,Injection locking ,Record locking ,Test board ,Control theory ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Ring oscillator ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Signal ,Electromagnetic interference - Abstract
An unusual behaviour of a ring oscillator (RO) is described, namely the RF interference in the supply can lock the operational frequency of the RO. The lock is not an oscillator-level lock, but a gate-level lock. Transistor-level simulations are performed on various technologies. The locking phenomenon appears in all simulated cases and follows certain rules. Moreover, the model is also verified with an RO test board. In contrast to traditional injection locking, where the injection is applied to the signal pin of the oscillator, the locking behaviour introduced is caused by the injection in the supply. To the best of knowledge, this type of locking phenomenon has been reported and demonstrated for the first time.
- Published
- 2019
95. Multimodal supervised image translation
- Author
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Dihu Chen, Haifeng Hu, and Congcong Ruan
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Gaussian ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Probabilistic logic ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Translation (geometry) ,Class (biology) ,Domain (software engineering) ,Image (mathematics) ,symbols.namesake ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,symbols ,Image translation ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
Multimodal image-to-image translation is a class of vision and graphics problems where the goal is to learn a one-to-many mapping between the source domain and target domain. Given an image in the source domain, the model aims to produce as many diverse results as possible. It is an important and challenging problem in the task of image translation. To this end, recent works utilise Gaussian vectors to produce diverse results but with a small difference. It is because of the special probabilistic nature of Gaussian distribution. In this work, the authors propose linearly distributed latent codes instead of conventional Gaussian vectors, which control the style of generated images. Taking advantage of linear distribution, their model can produce much more diverse results and outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of diversity. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons against baselines demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of their method.
- Published
- 2019
96. Response of ring oscillator to periodic interference on the power supply
- Author
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Zixin Wang, Dihu Chen, and Xiaohui Qiu
- Subjects
020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Transistor ,02 engineering and technology ,Ring oscillator ,Topology ,Noise (electronics) ,Square (algebra) ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interference (communication) ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Waveform ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Computer Science::Information Theory ,Mathematics - Abstract
Periodic noise is one of the most common interference sources in the power distribution network of integrated circuits. It is well known that this noise can deleteriously affect timing margins and limit the circuit performance. This paper presents a theory on the response of ring oscillators in presence of periodic interference on the power supply. The theory links the cycle time of ring oscillators to the probability density function of the interference. Various waveforms of interference are studied, such as sinusoidal, triangular, and square. In addition, symmetrical and asymmetrical interference waveforms are also considered. Both transistor level HSPICE simulations and real measurements are performed to validate the theory. The obtained results are suitable with the model over a wide range of interference frequency. The valid range of the model, multi-tone interference, and methods to reduce the sensitivity of ring oscillators are also discussed.
- Published
- 2017
97. Error analysis of field of view registration accuracy of hyper-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer for hydroxyl radical OH
- Author
-
haiyan, Luo, primary, wei, Xiong, additional, Hailiang, Shi, additional, Dihu, Chen, additional, and Zhiwei, Li, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Numerical studies on sub-10 nanometer resolution imaging in electrostatic force microscopy
- Author
-
Guocong Lin, Dihu Chen, Xidong Ding, Liangbing Zhao, and Honglei Xu
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Electrostatic force microscope ,Resolution (electron density) ,02 engineering and technology ,Lateral resolution ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Finite element method ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Optics ,Control and Systems Engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Nanometre ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Boundary element method ,Bimetallic strip - Abstract
The lateral resolutions of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) are systematically simulated using the boundary element method, considering a bimetallic sample with surface potential inhomogeneitie...
- Published
- 2017
99. A mechanism for detecting on-chip radio frequency interference of field-programmable gate array
- Author
-
Tao Su, Zhuoquan Huang, Zixin Wang, Dihu Chen, and Hengfei Zhong
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Local oscillator ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Frequency drift ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Ring oscillator ,Integrated circuit ,Noise (electronics) ,Electromagnetic interference ,020202 computer hardware & architecture ,law.invention ,Computer Science::Hardware Architecture ,Interference (communication) ,Hardware and Architecture ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,Software - Abstract
One-chip measurements without modifying the physical structure of packaged integrated circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is challenging. This paper proposes a sensor for detecting the radio frequency interference (RFI) on the supply inside the FPGA chip. The core of the sensor is a ring oscillator built with FPGA look-up tables. The paper proposes a model to predict the response of the ring oscillator to power supply RFI, and shows that the normalized frequency shift of the ring oscillator resulting from the interference is determined by the amplitude of the interference. This relationship is independent of the interference frequency and the size of the ring oscillator. To verify the model, simulations on transistor-level look-up tables of 130-nm and 40-nm technologies were performed. The simulation results matched well with the model. In addition to simulation, an FPGA test board was fabricated. Measurements of FPGA RFI response were performed and the results were consistent with the theoretical model. The effect of the interference on the ring oscillator provided a mechanism to detect the amplitude of the supply interference on the FPGA chip. The frequency of the ring oscillator was monitored through the supply pin by measuring the spectrum of the supply noise. The properties of the sensor, such as constant response in a wide frequency range, insensitiveness to the oscillator size, ease of implementation, and minimal modification requirement of the physical structure, made it suitable for performing on-chip FPGA measurements.
- Published
- 2017
100. Magnetic and fluorescent Gd2O3:Yb3+/Ln3+ nanoparticles for simultaneous upconversion luminescence/MR dual modal imaging and NIR-induced photodynamic therapy
- Author
-
Yuanzhi Shao, Xiaoming Chen, Xiumei Tian, Long Huang, Dihu Chen, Li Li, Jun Liu, and Fukang Xie
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,Upconversion luminescence ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Photodynamic therapy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Upconversion nanoparticles ,Drug Discovery ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Medical physics ,Photosensitizer ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Organic Chemistry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Clinical diagnosis ,0210 nano-technology ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
The development of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) for theranostics application is a new strategy toward the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of cancer. Here, magnetic and fluorescent lanthanide-doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) UCNs with bright upconversion luminescence (UCL) and high longitudinal relaxivity (r1) are used for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/UCL dual-modal imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vitro and in vivo MRI studies show that these products can serve as good MRI contrast agents. The bright upconversion luminescence of the products allows their use as fluorescence nanoprobes for live cells imaging. We also utilized the luminescence-emission capability of the UCNs for the activation of a photosensitizer to achieve significant PDT results. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first use of lanthanide-doped Gd2O3 UCNs in a theranostics application. This investigation provides a useful platform for the development of Gd2O3-based UCNs for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and imaging-guided therapy of cancer.
- Published
- 2016
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