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Little is known on the ecology of the Mexican Parrotlet (Forpus cyanopygius), an endemic species of western Mexico. Here, we present the first diet report for this species based on crop contents of three individuals that died following impact with a metallic structure. The individuals presented a crop full of 3,015 to 5,400 seeds from Ficus insípida. Figs are an important resource for many vertebrate species and is a food resource reported in the diet of many psittacines. Our report highlights the importance of gathering incidental information to fill knowledge-gaps for poorly known species and enable better conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the dietary intake of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) may vary widely according to different cultural eating habits, lifestyle, access to multidisciplinary team, and metabolic formulas available. Thus, knowing the dietary intake of this population makes it possible to tailor nutritional treatment strategies to impact their health. Objective: to analyze the evidence on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU. Methods: an integrative literature review was conducted on the dietary intake of individuals with PKU in the databases PUBMED, BIREME and Science Direct. Original articles that addressed the energy and macronutrient food intake of children, adolescents and/or adults with PKU were included in the study, without time restriction, in any language. A total of 384 articles were found and 27 articles were selected and analyzed. Results: evidence about the nutritional composition of their diet showed that individuals with PKU consume between 1160-2721 kcal of energy --7.2-17.4 % (32.4-76.9 g) of energy as protein, 45.9-69.2 % of energy as carbohydrates, 16.6-39 % of energy as lipids-- and between 7.6 and 20 g of fiber. Conclusion: most individuals with PKU have low energy, protein and fiber intake, adequate lipid intake, and high carbohydrate intake. Metabolic control of the disease is still a challenge in all countries. Nutritional strategies to improve dietary nutritional composition and phenylalanine blood levels in individuals with PKU remain an urgent issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: nutritional epidemiology seeks to understand the relationship between food consumption and the occurrence of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) used a reduced Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to compare diet quality between cohort stages. Objective: to develop and validate an index created using a food quality score (FQS) using the FFQ of ELSA-Brasil. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out between August 2020 and March 2021 with 4262 participants. For each frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy food markers, a score was given. Validity and reliability were tested using Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha. Tests were performed to verify differences between individual characteristics and FQS. Results: the PCA indicated a total variability of 42.5 %. Women and individuals with higher age, physical activity and per capita income had a higher FQS, while those who reported higher consumption of alcohol and being smokers had a lower score. Cronbach's alpha was 0.47. Conclusion: the FQS showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and was associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle data. Therefore, it is a useful tool for comparing dietary information, thus contributing to nutritional epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being an important component of the freshwater ecosystems and an important factor controlling wild fish populations, Amazonian fish parasites have been poorly studied. Here, we analyzed the fauna of metazoan parasites from 10 detritivorous and omnivorous fish species from Amapá Lake in the western Amazon. Of 159 fish specimens examined, 73.6% were parasitized by one or more species of metazoan parasites. A total of 5,260 parasites (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala, and 6 Crustacea) were identified. Aggregated dispersion pattern of parasites was observed. There was a predominance of endohelminth species that presented a similar pattern regarding the level of component communities (i.e., a low species number, low diversity and dominance of a single species, mainly the digeneans and nematodes in their larval stages). Five species of parasites presented correlation with the body size of the hosts. In the fish community, the presence of endoparasites in the larval and adult stages suggests that these are intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts, reflecting their detritivorous or omnivorous feeding habits. The trophic level and diet had an influence on the structuring of endohelminth communities and infracommunities. Lastly, 38% of the metazoan parasite species were new records for examined hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Coyote (Canis latrans) is one of the most studied species in North America with at least 445 papers on its diet alone. While this research has yielded excellent reviews of what coyotes eat, it has been inadequate to draw deeper conclusions because no synthesis to date has considered prey availability. We accounted for prey availability by investigating the prey selection of coyotes across its distribution using the traditional Jacobs' index method, as well as the new iterative preference averaging (IPA) method on scats and biomass. We found that coyotes selected for Dall's Sheep (Ovis dalli), White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Eastern Cottontail Rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), and California Vole (Microtus californicus), which yielded a predator-to-preferred prey mass ratio of 1:2. We also found that coyotes avoided preying on other small mammals, including carnivorans and arboreal species. There was strong concordance between the traditional and IPA method on scats, but this pattern was weakened when biomass was considered. General linear models revealed that coyotes preferred to prey upon larger species that were riskier to hunt, reflecting their ability to hunt in groups, and were least likely to hunt solitary species. Coyotes increasingly selected Mule Deer (O. hemionus) and Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) at higher latitudes, whereas Black-tailed Jackrabbit (L. californicus) were increasingly selected toward the tropics. Mule Deer were increasingly selected at higher coyote densities, while Black-tailed Jackrabbit were increasingly avoided at higher coyote densities. Coyote predation could constrain the realized niche of prey species at the distributional limits of the predator through their increased efficiency of predation reflected in increased prey selection values. These results are integral to improved understandings of Coyote ecology and can inform predictive analyses allowing for spatial variation, which ultimately will lead to better understandings about the ecological role of the coyote across different ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El desarrollo de la agricultura hace ca. 2500 años promovió cambios demográficos, económicos, sociales y culturales en el centro de Mendoza. Con el propósito de contribuir al estudio de estos procesos, en este trabajo exploramos las tendencias en la dieta y la movilidad en el Valle de Uco a partir del estudio de la colección bioarqueológica del sitio Agua Amarga conservada en el Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael (Mendoza). Para sortear las dificultades subyacentes a las condiciones del rescate y a la pobre preservación de las muestras, integramos múltiples líneas de evidencia que incluyen la reconstrucción cronológica, el contexto funerario, y el análisis bioarqueológico y de isótopos estables (δ13Ccol, δ15N, δ13Capa y δ18O). Estas líneas se suman a los estudios arqueológicos previos del sitio. Con respecto a las tendencias que señalan un alto consumo de maíz a partir de 1100 años AP que decae hacia 550 años AP en el norte y centro de Mendoza, la evidencia isotópica obtenida de Agua Amarga se destaca en el contexto regional por mantener un alto consumo antes y durante el período tardío-inca e inicio de la colonia. En cuanto a la movilidad, los valores de δ18O de los individuos se corresponden con un origen local o del Valle de Uco, lo cual se deberá ajustar con un muestreo más completo de aguas en la región.

Resumo Fundamento: A adesão à uma alimentação adequada em macronutrientes é fundamental para a prevenção secundária de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de adesão às recomendações de consumo de ácidos graxos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, e estimar se a presença de determinados fatores de risco cardiovascular estaria associada à adesão. Métodos: Estudo transversal com os dados de linha de base de 2358 participantes do estudo "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dados de consumo alimentar, e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliados. Foi considerada, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, uma ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) ≥10% do consumo total de energia diária, para ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), 20% e para ácidos graxos saturados (AGS),

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es una afección prevalente que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Los tratamientos convencionales a menudo no proporcionan recuperación renal, lo que lleva a un creciente interés en intervenciones dietéticas alternativas. Las dietas basadas en plantas han ganado atención debido a su potencial para aliviar las complicaciones relacionadas con esta patología y promover la salud en general. Este artículo examina la literatura sobre dietas basadas en plantas en el manejo de la ERC en tratamiento conservador, y destaca sus beneficios potenciales en el control de la presión arterial, la reducción de la inflamación, la mitigación del estrés oxidativo y la mejora del perfil lipídico. También discute los desafíos y las consideraciones asociados con la adopción de este tipo de regímenes alimentarios, incluidas las posibles deficiencias de nutrientes y los ajustes de medicamentos. El artículo enfatiza la importancia de los enfoques dietéticos individualizados considerando factores como la etapa de la ERC, las comorbilidades y los requisitos nutricionales. También destaca el papel de los profesionales nutricionistas en la educación y orientación de estos pacientes hacia patrones dietéticos apropiados basados en plantas. Se necesita investigación adicional para dilucidar la composición óptima y la viabilidad de las dietas basadas en plantas en el tratamiento de individuos que padecen ERC en manejo conservador.

Así como planteamos en la primera entrega de esta serie de artículos de actualización sobre la obesidad, resulta urgente revisar el abordaje tradicional que la comunidad médica le ofrece a las personas con cuerpos gordos. En este segundo artículo desarrollaremos en profundidad diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para los pacientes que desean bajar de peso: plan alimentario, actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico y cirugía metabólica.

Introducción. Debido a la poca evidencia sobre el modelamiento de los patrones de alimentación y actividad física (AF), basado en variables latentes, el presente estudio de revisión pretende describir las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas para modelar estos patrones en niños y adolescentes y valorar su calidad metodológica. Materiales y métodos. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos electrónicas (Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science y Cochrane) con las palabras “diet”, ’physical activity’, children y ’latent variable’. Se incluyeron artículos que utilizaron modelos estadísticos basados en variables latentes para analizar patrones de alimentación y AF en niños y adolescentes sanos, publicados entre 2014–2019, en inglés o español. Resultados. Entre los 27 artículos seleccionados, el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE) fue el más utilizado (77,78%); seguido del Modelo de Perfil Latente (7,41%), mientras, el restante, 14,81% aplican el Modelo del Factor Común, Modelo Ecológico y el Modelo de Regresión Logística Multinivel. El MEE fue aplicado a 12 de los 16 artículos con enfoque de AF, y en 7 de los 9 artículos con enfoque de Alimentación. El 48,15% de los estudios sí justificaba el uso del modelo, y el 37,04% poseen una calidad “Excelente” (cumplen el 85% o más de los ítems de STROBE). Conclusiones. El MEE fue el más utilizado para abstraer los patrones de AF y alimentación en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, solo la mitad de los artículos justifica su pertinencia. Las guías de reporte de estudios deberían evaluar la calidad metodológica de los modelos estadísticos aplicados.

As lesões musculares em função da prática esportiva são bastante comuns e caracterizam-se por dores intensas, seguidas da incapacidade de continuar suas atuações no esporte. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o consumo alimentar habitual e o uso de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES) mais utilizados durante o tratamento de lesões e dores musculares em atletas amadores e correlacioná-los ao processo de reparo em prol de determinar possíveis interações droga-nutriente. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, características esportivas, consumo alimentar habitual, frequência e conhecimento sobre uso de medicamentos. A análise foi realizada por caracterização de amostra em população geral e variação média com desvio-padrão (DP) entre gêneros, onde os dados foram correlacionados através de pontuação obtida no questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) e frequência de respostas a respeito de uso de medicamentos. Foram analisados 149 atletas de ambos os sexos, idade medida de 28,1 ±5,5 anos, onde a maioria relatou consumir regularmente frutas, industrializados e gorduras de origem animal, pontuando em média no QFA 25,41 ±9,85 pontos. Foi observada uma predominância no uso de Ibuprofeno, quando relacionados a outros AINES citados, sendo estes Diclofenaco e Nimesulida, onde 55,7% dos atletas afirmaram não ter conhecimento algum a respeito de efeitos adversos. Da amostra total 8% afirmaram utilizar os medicamentos para fins profiláticos e destes 45% relataram sentir desconfortos gástricos. Os resultados revelaram uma alimentação ruim e uso inadequado dos fármacos, além de interações desfavoráveis a resolução do reparo inflamatório, evidenciando impactos à saúde dos atletas.

Resumen Introducción: La disfagia se presenta cuando se produce una dificultad para la preparación o la contención bucal de los alimentos o los líquidos, con o sin dificultad para iniciar con seguridad la deglución o la propulsión del bolo a través de la faringe. Sus principales complicaciones son malnutrición, deshidratación y neumonía. El 80% de los ciudadanos europeos no están diagnosticados ni reciben tratamiento. Objetivos: Conocer las características de los pacientes afectados con disfagia en una unidad de recuperación funcional, y evaluar la educación dada a estos pacientes y a sus cuidadores. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal que tuvo como muestra a pacientes con sospecha de disfagia ingresados entre el período el 1 de febrero de 2019 al 31 de enero de 2020. La valoración se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión previa de la historia clínica, entrevista, exploración detallada y la realización del MECV-V. Tras su confirmación se llevaron a cabo cuidados dietéticos, cuidados bucales, posturales y educativos. Resultados: De los 101 pacientes valorados, un 87,1% presentaron disfagia orofaríngea. Se diagnosticó un 46,59% con disfagia leve, un 39,77% moderada y un 13,64% grave. Un 80,6% fue tratado por la logopeda. La educación realizada a los cuidadores se realizó en un 94,3% de los casos. Se revaluó un 13,6%, y todos presentaron mejoría. Conclusiones: La frecuente presencia de disfagia en pacientes con edad avanzada hace necesaria la implantación de programas para su valoración y tratamiento, con ellos se mejora la calidad asistencial y se previenen importantes complicaciones.

Introducción: Los SNP en genes implicados en la absorción, disponibilidad, metabolismo y excreción de componentes bioactivos contribuyen a la variabilidad interindividual de sus mecanismos fisiológicos que pueden intervenir en la salud y enfermedad del paciente. Objetivo: Elaborar una matriz de recomendaciones sobre el consumo de bioactivos dietéticos de potencial interés en el control de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades. Método: El artículo se basó en una búsqueda bibliográfica empleando dos ecuaciones de búsqueda que permitieron identificar criterios relevantes sobre la influencia de los polimorfismos en las recomendaciones dietéticas de componentes bioactivos. Resultados: La búsqueda bibliográfica permitió encontrar 25 interacciones de 8 tipos de bioactivos/extractos con 20 polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en 14 genes. Estas interacciones se registraron en una matriz para facilitar la comprensión sobre la influencia de las variantes genéticas en la respuesta a bioactivos en la obesidad. Discusión: Entre las interacciones identificadas, se destaca el papel protector frente a enfermedades cardiovasculares de la quercetina en el genotipo de la apolipoproteína E, la relación de la ingesta de esteroles vegetales, los haplotipos del gen NPC1L1 y la disminución de colesterol LDL así como la respuesta al extracto Bofutsushoan en la disminución de la grasa abdominal. Conclusiones: Aunque los estudios sobre las diferentes interacciones son limitados, la integración del estudio de la expresión génica como parte de la evaluación del estado de nutrición de los pacientes podría ser de utilidad para la personalización de las recomendaciones que se brindan durante la consulta por parte de los profesionales de salud y nutrición.

Introducción. La prevalencia de obesidad infantil se ha incrementado de forma considerable desde el año 2000 adquiriendo la dimensión de epidemia, al presentar el 5,9% de los niños menores de 5 años sobrepeso. Entre los factores causantes modificable se encuentran el estilo de vida, sueño, dieta y actividad física. El objetivo es evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa en entorno escolar para la modificación de hábitos de niños de 6-12 años en 3 áreas, dieta, actividad física y tiempo de pantalla. Metodología. La muestra es de 540 niños, en etapa de educación primaria distribuida, en tres grupos: a) intervención dieta y tiempo de pantalla, b) actividad física y tiempo de pantalla y, c) dieta, actividad física y tiempo de pantalla. La intervención educativa incluye contenidos del método plato, pirámide de alimentación y ejercicio basados en la guía canadiense de actividad física para niños de 5-11 años. Se recopilan variables de edad y medidas antropométricas. En instrumentación se considera el Test KIDMED (adherencia a dieta), Cuestionario “IPAQ-A” (actividad física), cuestionario tiempo de pantalla (uso dispositivos electrónicos). La recopilación de datos se realiza pre-intervención, post-intervención y al mes de finalización de la intervención. El análisis considera estadística descriptiva para la distribución y valores de las variable cuantitativas y cualitativas y, estadística analítica para el análisis de la eficacia la intervención según corresponda al tipo de variable tales como la prueba de t de Student, ANOVA, Chi cuadrado, prueba de Correlación de Pearson. Los datos serán analizados con el sistema estadístico SPSS. ABSTRACT Introduction. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased considerably since 2000, acquiring the dimension of an epidemic, with 5.9% of children under 5 years of age being overweight. Modifiable causative factors include lifestyle, sleep, diet and physical activity. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in a school environment to modify the habits of children aged 6-12 years in 3 areas, diet, physical activity and screen time. Methodology. The sample is 540 children, in primary education stage distributed, in three groups: a) diet and screen time intervention, b) physical activity and screen time and c) diet, physical activity and screen time. The educational intervention includes contents of the plate method, food pyramid and exercise based on the Canadian physical activity guide for children aged 5 to 11 years. Age variables and anthropometric measurements are collected. In instrumentation, the KIDMED Test (diet adherence), “IPAQ-A” Questionnaire (physical activity), and screen time questionnaire (use of electronic devices) are considered. Data collection is carried out pre-intervention, post-intervention and one month after the end of the intervention. The analysis considers descriptive statistics for the distribution and values ​​of the quantitative and qualitative variables and analytical statistics for the analysis of the effectiveness of the intervention as appropriate to the type of variables such as Student's t test, ANOVA, Chi square, Pearson correlation. The data will be analyzed with the SPSS statistical system.

El artículo aborda la alimentación como problema y estrategia de gobierno de la salud. El objetivo es problematizar el modo en que los alimentos y la alimentación son investidos de sentido médico-nutricional, criterios de salubridad y se conciben como recursos y prácticas para cuidar y mejorar la salud. Se trata de un trabajo de reflexión teórica-conceptual que tiene el propósito de elaborar un esquema conceptual como aporte epistémico al campo de estudios sociales de la salud, con interés en la alimentación y los procesos de medicalización. Se inscribe la relación entre alimentación y salud en la tríada teórica de biopolítica, gubernamentalidad y medicalización. Se elabora el concepto de gobierno alimentario de la salud como fenómeno general que articula dos tecnologías complementarias: la biomedicalización de la alimentación y la medicamentalización de los alimentos. Se analizan ambas tecnologías, sus operaciones y relaciones con los fenómenos de patologización, farmacologización, moralización de la salud y el imperativo de alimentación saludable y optimización de la vida. Se abordan sus implicancias en las prácticas alimentarias como praxis que involucra creencias, hábitos, saberes, efectos de poder y disposiciones subjetivas sobre los alimentos y la dieta. Las conclusiones son reflexivas y señalan las contribuciones en términos de objetivación de estos fenómenos y reflexividad sobre la alimentación biomedicalizada y los alimentos medicamentalizados en el horizonte del gobierno alimentario de la salud y la vida.

Micrurus apiatus es una serpiente de coral poco conocida que se distribuye desde el este del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México hasta el oeste de Honduras, incluyendo la Península de Yucatán. Describimos su dieta, variación morfológica y patrones de actividad basados en datos de 107 especímenes de museos provenientes de los estados de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán, así como datos publicados. Su dieta consiste principalmente de otras serpientes, no fueron encontradas preferencias en el tipo de presa entre sexos, edades o estaciones; su alimentación ocurre a lo largo del año, observándose un ligero aumento en la temporada de lluvias. Agregamos ocho presas nuevas, incluyendo a Adelphicos visoninum, que representa un nuevo registro geográfico para Campeche, y sugerimos una dieta homogénea entre clases de edad, sexos y estaciones. Micrurus apiatus presenta dimorfismo sexual en longitud hocico-cloaca, longitud total, largo de la cabeza, escamas ventrales (mayor en hembras), longitud de cola y escamas subcaudales (mayor en machos). Micrurus apiatus mostró actividad durante todo el año, con un patrón de actividad aparentemente bimodal, con un pico de actividad a fines del invierno y primavera y el otro pico a mediados de verano y otoño. El momento de los eventos reproductivos de M. apiatus es similar al de otras serpientes de coral con patrón de color de anillos negros dispuestos en mónadas. Estudios adicionales sobre esta especie y otras relacionadas aumentará nuestra comprensión sobre cómo su ecología difiere de aquellas especies con un patrón de anillos negros dispuestos en tríadas y bicolores.

Durante el periodo prehispánico tardío, la región del Paraná medio e inferior se caracterizó por la coexistencia de diferentes grupos con estrategias económicas basadas tanto en la caza, recolección y pesca como en la horticultura. A partir de la colonización española, la instalación de reducciones desestructuró los modos de vida de las poblaciones nativas y en particular de aquellos individuos que fueron incorporados para sostener tales instituciones. El consumo de alimentos no fue ajeno a estos cambios, tal como lo demuestran las fuentes documentales. En el presente trabajo se examina la dieta de individuos que vivieron en la reducción Santiago del Baradero (Provincia de Buenos Aires) a través del análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno (δ13C, δ15N) y la comparación con los datos relevados por otros investigadores para momentos prehispánicos. En función de ello se realizaron mediciones isotópicas sobre los alimentos que podrían haber sido consumidos en la reducción, según la información que refieren los documentos del Archivo General de Indias. Los resultados indican una mayor dependencia de alimentos caracterizados por un patrón fotosintético C4, similar a la de los grupos horticultores prehispánicos, y un menor consumo de proteínas hacia los últimos años de sus vidas, en algunos de los individuos.

El conocimiento acerca del consumo de los recursos alimenticios por parte de una especie es de fundamental interés, más aún cuando ocurre en ambientes antropizados. En esta nota reportamos el consumo de la semilla del árbol Lluvia de Oro (Cassia fistula) por la ardilla gris (Sciurus aureogaster) dentro de un área suburbana de la ciudad de Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, México. Este constituye el registro de un nuevo ítem en la dieta de S. auroegaster a partir de una especie arbórea exótica cuya disponibilidad es baja, abriendo la posibilidad de realizar estudios ecológicos sobre la importancia relativa de C. fistula como recurso alimenticio en ambientes modificados por el hombre.

the unbalanced diet affects the environment through agriculture, as a high greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting sector that uses 70% of the world's water reserves. In addition, there is an inequality in the distribution and use of this resource that increased during the coronavirus confinement. The objective of this research was to identify changes in diet and water care in central Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase in the consumption of vegetables (71.7%) and fruits (64.9%) was found. In water care at home, attention to leaks (58.4%) and regulation of shower time (54.5%) showed an increase. Likewise, groups characterized by actions aimed at an adequate and less polluting diet, better water care and the perception of benefits in the participation of environmental care were also identified. The weekly CO2 emission of the diet allowed us to identify characteristics of food consumption during pandemics and a participation towards improving the ecosystem. This provides the basis to propose strategies that start from the activities carried out by people or that promote a greater incidence of these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high percentage of the population suffers from anxiety, a disorder that can be influenced by dietary habits. The aim of this review was to compile the existing evidence on dietary patterns and factors, and their association with anxiety to propose clinically applicable recommendations. A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted in the MEDLINE database (PubMed) until January 2021, reporting the main findings based on PRISMA (2020). To construct the search strategy, MeSH language, keywords (“diet”, “nutrients”, “healthy lifestyle”, “anxiety”) and filters were used, combined using Boolean operators. Twelve articles, seven systematic reviews with meta-analysis and five systematic reviews were selected. Several results were obtained evaluating the relationship between anxiety and different aspects of diet. The main associations found were between increased consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, substitution of refined cereals by whole grains, intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fats, and increased intake of minerals and vitamins, tryptophan and antioxidants. Based on the systematic reviews and meta-analyses included as findings, ten recommendations on food consumption that should be considered as a priority for these patients were proposed. Based on the literature reviewed, it is concluded that there are dietary patterns and factors that could have a stronger positive influence on anxiety. This proposal of evidence-based dietary recommendations may allow healthcare professionals to have updated recommendations to provide a first orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gyermekgyógyászat is the property of Semmelweis Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Riparian avian insectivores not only depend on terrestrial insect prey but also benefit from the inclusion of aquatic prey during critical life-history periods. Diets identified herein show that Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) nestlings were provisioned with aquatic prey throughout the breeding season across their range, but with variation in prey frequency of occurrence and taxonomy. Anthropogenic activity and climate change may impact the trophic link especially between aquatic and riparian habitats by altering the presence, abundance, and timing of prey availability. Thus, we used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to quantify the frequency of occurrence of nestling diet items at 9 sites across their breeding range that differed in expected aquatic prey consumption. We analyzed spatial and temporal differences in the occurrence and multivariate diet assemblages of each prey source. Lepidoptera was the predominant terrestrial prey occurring in diets across space and time, whereas emergent aquatic insects and freshwater mollusks in aquatic diet exhibited greater variation. The frequency of emergent aquatic prey occurrence in nestling diets ranged from 61% to 100% across sites and was greater for early-season nestlings. The seasonal decrease in aquatic prey consumption indicates a potential temporal shift in the nutritional landscape from aquatic to terrestrial prey sources and a possible nutritional phenological mismatch for early nestlings as climate change advances the timing of insect emergence. Our findings also suggest that Prothonotary Warblers respond to environmental variability by consuming alternative prey and argue for future research investigating the extent to which shifting diets have nutritional consequences for riparian nestlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder posing health risks for both the mother and fetus. Lifestyle modifications are recommended to control glucose levels before pharmacotherapy. The aims of this study were 1) to examine the impact of combined GDM intervention on the glycemia levels and pregnancy outcomes in a woman with GDM; and 2) to explore what can help women adhere to the desired lifestyle changes recommended for GDM. Material and methods. This instrumental study uses a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. It focuses on a comprehensive lifestyle intervention, incorporating exercise, dietary protocol, maternal education, and support. One participant was enrolled, starting the intervention at the 24th week of pregnancy. Low glycemic index (<55%) and low glycemic load meals were recommended. Exercises were supervised and conducted regularly three times a week until delivery (48 sessions in total). Results. Glucose levels remained within normal range throughout the entire pregnancy, without the need for pharmacotherapy. The pregnancy resulted in a natural delivery of a healthy newborn with normal parameters. The participant completed the entire intervention, implementing the recommended lifestyle changes and avoiding complications associated with GDM. Conclusions. 1. Individualized and holistic care for women with GDM can help maintain normal glucose levels and increase the chances of positive pregnancy outcomes. 2. Key factors contributing to the success of the intervention were emotional support, education, and personalized care provided by specialists. 3. Implementing lifestyle changes during pregnancy may reduce the need for pharmacological interventions and complications related to GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the microbial composition and diversity of bodybuilders. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 5 bodybuilding athletes, young adults aged between = 18 and < 30 years who were in the off-season. Data were collected on age, ethnicity, marital status, education, bowel habits, use of supplements, food consumption and physical activity. The nutritional parameters of weight, height, waist circumference and body fat percentage were evaluated. The analysis of the intestinal microbiota of the feces was performed using the method of sequencing the amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene, V3-V4 region of bacterial DNA. Results: Mean age was 23.4 ±4.0 years, mean body mass index was 30.4 ±4.1 kg/m2 and body fat percentage was 9.2 ±1.5%. The average amount of calories and protein per kg of body weight was 56.3 kcal and 3.9 g, respectively. Average amount of daily fiber was 55.65 g/day. The fecal microbiota alpha diversity index was within the normal range for all athletes. In the evaluation of the enterotype, 80% presented enterotype 2 with dominance of the genus Prevotella in relation to the genus Bacteroides. Of the intestinal health marker bacteria, 80% had Roseburia, 20% Faecalibacterium, 100% Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Conclusion: The bodybuilding athletes presented intestinal microbiota diversity within the normal range and predominance of enterotype 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the dietary pattern and deficiency risk in the usual energy and nutrient intake of pregnant and lactating women from some indigenous peoples. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with information from the dietary intake component taken from the National Survey of the food and nutritional situation of indigenous peoples in Colombia, conducted between 2013 and 2019, which included 1,028 pregnant (319) and lactating (709) indigenous women from the northern and southern regions of the country. Results: A proportion higher than 90% (SD = 0.04) of pregnant and lactating women with lower than recommended calorie intake was found (p = 0.038). Around 70% of pregnant and lactating women had no any dairy products the day before the survey, and 50% did not eat fruits and vegetables. Regarding micronutrients, high prevalence of deficiency risk in the intake of vitamin C (50.3 and 80.2%), folate (80.4 and 95.1%), zinc (87.6 and 96.3%), iron (88.9 and 68.6%) and calcium (87.5 and 98.5%) was found in pregnant and lactating women. Conclusion: Food and nutrient intake in pregnant and lactating indigenous women is deficient in key nutrients to maintain their general health and provide the necessary nutrients to their babies. Their dietary pattern is considered unhealthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluating the protein and saponin content in quinoa genotypes is an important practice to define their production purpose and to be able to be marketed in markets that demand, for example, bitter or sweet quinoa. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the content of these components in 30 quinoa genotypes produced in the central coast of Ecuador. Methodology: For this purpose, a completely randomized experimental design was used with thirty treatments and three replications, evaluating variables such as: height of the foam column (cm), saponin content (%) and protein content (%). The methodology used to obtain data on saponin content was the Koziol foam method and the Kjeldahl method was used for protein. Results: As for the results obtained, the highest saponin content was recorded in treatments T19 and T30 with 0.86 and 0.78%, respectively, while the treatments with the lowest saponin content were T23 and T26, both with 0.00%. In terms of protein content, the treatments with the highest protein content were T26 and T28 with 19.82 and 18.65%, respectively, and on the other hand, the treatments with the lowest protein content were T20 with 12.23 and T5 with 13.54%. Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded that 76.67% of the genotypes were classified as bitter and 23.3% as sweet. Meanwhile, in relation to protein, a general average of 16.19% was recorded for all genotypes, which in terms of quality is relatively acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacology is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução e objetivo: O rugby é um esporte coletivo intermitente e de alta intensidade. Sabe-se que o rendimento dos atletas está diretamente ligado a uma ingestão adequada de nutrientes, e inadequações na dieta podem impactar seu desempenho e recuperação. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o consumo alimentar, o conhecimento nutricional e a composição corporal de atletas de uma equipe feminina juvenil de rugby de Pelotas, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, com jovens atletas do Projeto Vem Ser Rugby, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Foram envolvidas de modo intencional, devido a vínculo institucional previamente estabelecido, 13 escolares de 16 a 18 anos de idade. Foi aplicado um Recordatório Alimentar de 24h e o questionário NUKYA, bem como foram aferidas as medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e protocolo de 3 dobras cutâneas (tríceps, supra-ilíaca e coxa). Resultados: O consumo alimentar estava inadequado para a maioria dos nutrientes, o conhecimento nutricional foi insuficiente, todavia a composição corporal estava adequada. Conclusão: Devido ao consumo energético inadequado e ao baixo conhecimento nutricional, é fundamental que a equipe receba acompanhamento nutricional, visando melhorar os aspectos nutricionais, a saúde das atletas e manutenção da composição corporal.

Introducción: la desnutrición se asocia con una mayor estancia hospitalaria, tasas de reingreso y riesgo de mortalidad, especialmente en adultos mayores. Objetivo: identificar los factores que afectan la ingesta de alimentos en adultos mayores hospitalizados. Justificación: promover nuevas estrategias en la terapia nutricional hospitalaria en pacientes adultos mayores a través de la identificación de los factores que afectan la ingesta de alimentos de acuerdo con la revisión del presente estudio. Material y métodos: búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados en las bases de datos de Springer Link, Medline y Scopus a través de la plataforma PubMed en mayo de 2022, con una temporalidad de 20 años. Se buscaron por términos controlados como: anciano, dieta, ingestión de alimentos, consumo de alimentos, deficiencia de proteína y hospitalización. Resultados: se encontraron 4508 artículos en inglés, de los cuales se seleccionaron 28 para el análisis del texto completo debido al cumplimiento de criterios de selección. Conclusiones: el estado nutricional en adultos mayores hospitalizados presenta afectaciones por factores como la enfermedad, la reducción de la actividad física, la fatiga, la depresión y la presencia de síntomas como náuseas y vómitos, la alteración en el proceso de masticación y deglución, y presentar un menor nivel educativo. Los factores dietéticos y de servicio que se relacionan con la baja ingesta son la temperatura de la dieta, la textura, el sabor y la apariencia, así como el mismo entorno hospitalario.

La dieta desequilibrada impacta en el medioambiente a través de la agricultura, como un sector de alta emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) que usa el 70% de las reservas mundiales de agua. Además, existe una desigualdad en la distribución y uso de este recurso que se acrecentó durante el confinamiento por coronavirus. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los cambios en la dieta y el cuidado del agua en la zona centro de México durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Encontrándose un aumento en el consumo de verduras (71.7%) y frutas (64.9%). En el cuidado del agua en casa la atención de fugas (58.4%) y regulación del tiempo de baño en regadera (54.5%) mostraron un incremento. Así mismo, se identificaron grupos caracterizados por acciones dirigidas a una alimentación adecuada y menos contaminante, un mejor cuidado del agua y la percepción de beneficios en la participación del cuidado del medio ambiente. La emisión de CO2 semanal de la dieta permitió identificar características del consumo de alimentos durante pandemia y una participación hacia mejorar el ecosistema. Dando bases para plantear estrategias que partan de las actividades que llevan a cabo las personas o que fomenten una mayor incidencia de estas.

Introducción: el síndrome metabólico es uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes en la actualidad, considerado como una epidemia mundial. Es producto de la interacción entre los procesos de inflamación y la resistencia a la insulina. Objetivo: actualizar los conocimientos concernientes al papel de la microbiota en el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico Método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, EMBASE, LILACS y Redalyc. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones en inglés, portugués y español, en las que el título y palabras clave, incluyeran información pertinente con el objetivo planteado, con una periodicidad de 10 años, obteniendo 50 artículos de los cuales fueron seleccionados 30. Resultados: los 30 artículos presentaban correspondencia continua con el tema planteado en esta revisión, entre ellos 1 consenso de expertos, 25 revisiones narrativas y documentales, 1 investigación original, 2 libros uno de ellos actualizado y 1 estudio prospectivo. Discusión: la microbiota intestinal tiene un rol importante en la conservación de la homeostasis intestinal, proporcionando energía y nutrientes, así como protección contra la colonización de patógenos. La alteración de la composición y la actividad de la microbiota intestinal. La alteración de la composición y actividad de la microbiota intestinal se conoce como disbiosis y está implicada en la etiopatogenia de múltiples enfermedades crónicas, incrementando el riesgo cardiovascular en el contexto del síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: entre las estrategias para la prevención y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico, sobresale la modificación de los patrones de alimentación de manera individualizada, se recomienda además una dieta rica en vegetales, fibra, granos integrales y baja en grasas. El uso de los prebióticos y probióticos ejercen un efecto beneficioso sobre la salud del hospedador, mediante la modulación de la microbiota intestinal.

Objetivo: Mapear a produção do conhecimento acerca da manutenção e/ou suspensão da alimentação em pacientes em fase final de vida. Método: Revisão de escopo realizado em outubro de 2022, em quatro bases de dados internacionais. Foram seguidas recomendações do Instituto Jonna Briggs (JBI), utilizou-se o checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) para clareza dos dados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 12 artigos, publicados entre o ano 1987 e 2021. Como principais critérios de suspensão: expectativa de vida inferior a 4 meses; pacientes com demência avançada; déficit funcional grave. Para manutenção/implementação da alimentação artificial deve se considerar: esgotar todas as possibilidades de alimentação natural e prognósticos incertos; optar pelo posicionamento adequado do paciente e a oferta de pequenas quantidades de alimento via oral. Conclusão: As evidências sobre os critérios de suspensão ou manutenção da alimentação na fase final de vida apresentaram-se limitadas e com baixo nível de evidência.