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ATP7A encodes a copper-transporting P-type ATPase and is one of 23 genes in which mutations produce distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN), a group of diseases characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of motor neurons. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from a patient with the p.T994I ATP7A gene mutation as an in vitro model for X-linked dHMN (dHMNX). Patient motor neurons show a marked reduction of ATP7A protein levels in the soma when compared to control motor neurons and failed to upregulate expression of ATP7A under copper-loading conditions. These results recapitulate previous findings obtained in dHMNX patient fibroblasts and in primary cells from a rodent model of dHMNX, indicating that patient iPSC-derived motor neurons will be an important resource for studying the role of copper in the pathogenic processes that lead to axonal degeneration in dHMNX., Summary: The authors describe a neuronal model to investigate how mutations in the copper transporter ATP7A cause axonal degeneration in the peripheral nervous system.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common female malignancies in the world. Although paclitaxel (PTX) is a critical chemotherapy agent for the treatment of CC, its treatment outcome is limited by the development of drug resistance. The present study aims to define the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00511 in the progression of CC with the involvement of cell proliferation, apoptosis and resistance to PTX in Hela/PTX cells. CC and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from 84 patients with CC, and used to determine LINC0051 expression. PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cell line was constructed, in which LINC0051 was overexpressed or silenced to further investigate the effect of LINC00511 on PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis and resistance of CC cells to PTX. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-GP) was also assessed. High-expression of LINC00511 was found in CC with its close association with the tumor stage, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. After silencing LINC00511 expression, the expression of MRP1, P-GP, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was decreased, while Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 increased with more CC cells arrested at G1 phase. Furthermore, silencing of LINC00511 could suppress cell resistance to PTX, cell viability, cell proliferation, migration and invasion yet promoted cell apoptosis in PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that silencing of LINC00511 could inhibit CC cell resistance to PTX, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote cell apoptosis in CC. Silencing of LINC00511 provides a novel therapeutic target for CC.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common female malignancies in the world. Although paclitaxel (PTX) is a critical chemotherapy agent for the treatment of CC, its treatment outcome is limited by the development of drug resistance. The present study aims to define the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00511 in the progression of CC with the involvement of cell proliferation, apoptosis and resistance to PTX in Hela/PTX cells. CC and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from 84 patients with CC, and used to determine LINC0051 expression. PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cell line was constructed, in which LINC0051 was overexpressed or silenced to further investigate the effect of LINC00511 on PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis and resistance of CC cells to PTX. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-GP) was also assessed. High-expression of LINC00511 was found in CC with its close association with the tumor stage, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. After silencing LINC00511 expression, the expression of MRP1, P-GP, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was decreased, while Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 increased with more CC cells arrested at G1 phase. Furthermore, silencing of LINC00511 could suppress cell resistance to PTX, cell viability, cell proliferation, migration and invasion yet promoted cell apoptosis in PTX-resistant Hela/PTX cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that silencing of LINC00511 could inhibit CC cell resistance to PTX, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote cell apoptosis in CC. Silencing of LINC00511 provides a novel therapeutic target for CC.

Shell is aquatic product processing industry waste, shrimp, crab and shellfish contain heavy metal, cause this kind of waste water deposits, the pollution caused by the Marine area, but the shell and shrimp shell contains rich off acetyl chitosan, chitosan degradation into shell oligosaccharides have many function effect, from the perspective of environmental protection is to deal with some of the pollution, and the preparation of the beneficial shell oligosaccharides. This paper introduces the extraction of chitosan from shrimp shells and the preparation of sunscreen by using physical degradation method to extract chitosan oligosaccharide from chitosan. In this paper, natural chito-oligosaccharides were extracted from shellfish waste and used as ingredients to make natural sunscreen, which was an exploration of chito-oligosaccharides in the field of daily use in fine chemical industry.

Submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) is widely equipped in liquefied natural gas (LNG) gasification plants and receiving terminals as the emergency or peaking regasification facility. This paper constructs an energy balance-based numerical model to predict the thermal behavior of SCV operating at subcritical pressures. The heat transfer coupling between the ice formation at the water bath-side and the flow boiling at the LNG-side is considered in the numerical model for the first time, and numerous correlations are utilized to estimate the convective heat transfer rate at both the water bath and LNG sides. The thermal behavior of a typical SCV in the presence of ice layer is studied numerically after validating against the field operating data. The predicted results indicate that the SCV can vaporize cryogenic LNG to a near-normal atmospheric temperature under low water bath temperatures, although an ice layer, having negative effects on heat transfer, is formed on the lower part of the heat transfer tube. Both the operating parameters and heat transfer enhancement measures have significant impacts on the thermal behavior.

This report describes the design and evaluation of phosphorylated 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38-P), which selectively eliminates tumor-forming proliferative stem cells, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and neural stem cells, from iPSC-derived neural cell mixtures. Results of the present study demonstrate that simple phosphorylation of an anticancer drug can provide a safe, cost-effective, and chemically-defined tool for decontaminating hiPSC-derived neuron.

In this paper, the performance bound has been analyzed on Hamming-Weight-Analysis (HWA) algorithm. We first introduce the description of the linear block code and the theoretical analysis of the HWA algorithm. According to the theoretical analysis, we build simulation model and analyze the performance of HWA algorithm. HWA algorithm has a good recognition performance under the condition of low code rate and high BER. Finally, the performance bound of HWA algorithm is given based on the simulation results. The results in this paper have been validated through simulation on MATLAB.

Cell replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus requires cost-effective generation of high-quality, insulin-producing, pancreatic β cells from pluripotent stem cells. Development of this technique has been hampered by a lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying β-cell differentiation. The present study identified reserpine and tetrabenazine (TBZ), both vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, as promoters of late-stage differentiation of Pdx1-positive pancreatic progenitor cells into Neurog3 (referred to henceforth as Ngn3)-positive endocrine precursors. VMAT2-controlled monoamines, such as dopamine, histamine and serotonin, negatively regulated β-cell differentiation. Reserpine or TBZ acted additively with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic AMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, to potentiate differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into β cells that exhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. When ES cell-derived β cells were transplanted into AKITA diabetic mice, the cells reversed hyperglycemia. Our protocol provides a basis for the understanding of β-cell differentiation and its application to a cost-effective production of functional β cells for cell therapy.

Marine litter poses numerous threats to the global environment. To estimate the social costs of marine litter in China, two stated preference methods, namely the contingent valuation model (CVM) and the choice experiment model (CEM), were used in this research. This paper conducted surveys at ten different beaches along the East China Sea in Zhejiang province in October 2017. The results indicate that approximately 74.1% of the interviewees are willing to volunteer to participate in clean-up programmes and are willing to spend 1.5 days per month on average in their daily lives, which equates to a potential loss of income of USD 1.08 per day. The willingness to pay for the removal of the main types of litter ranges from USD 0.12&ndash, 0.20 per visitor across the four sample cities, which is mainly determined by the degree of the removal, the crowdedness of the beach and the visitor&rsquo, s perception. The social costs are USD 1.08&ndash, 1.40 per visitor when the contingent valuation method is applied and USD 1.00&ndash, 1.07 per visitor when the choice experiment method is adopted, which accounts for 8&ndash, 14% of the beach entrance fee. The analysis of the social costs of marine litter yielded some useful implications regarding future coastal management policy, including extra entrance fee, the quality-oriented environmental strategy and more incentives to volunteers.

The value of wasteheat utilization in large general hospitals is a critical problem that can not be ignored with social development. To make use of this source means to establish a system of wasteheat utilization, and two priorities are determining the weigh of different wasteheat utilization point properly and determine the best path for waste heat utilization. In this paper, based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Information Entropy of wasteheat utilization point distribution model, we find the way to determine the weights. At the same time, the Minimum Spanning Tree Model based on Kruskal's algorithm helps to find the new method of optimal path in using wasteheat. Both models will be used in the heat research of a hospital, and we identify both clear wasteheat utilization point weights distribution and minimum cost of the best path which really paves the way for the further system construction of wasteheat utilization in large general hospital with further research and application value.

Thermal analyses of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) were conducted and showed that it was stable up to temperatures as high as 240–260°C in air-free environment. The solubility and transport characteristics of ESO in poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) were also investigated under various conditions. The absorption study showed that the resin had a void volume of ∼0.3 cm3/g. Furthermore, ESO was found to be sufficiently soluble in the PVC matrix to function as an effective plasticizer, with equilibrium solubility of 72 g/100 g PVC at 80°C and 163 g/100 g PVC at 120°C. The absorption of ESO in PVC grains was a three step process comprising “induction,” “swelling,” and “saturation” periods. Torque rheometer studies showed that higher mixer temperature and/or speed facilitated uptake of plasticizer in PVC and ultimate fusion. Migration studies of plasticized and stabilized PVC compositions showed no change in mass at 40°C, but increasingly greater mass loss as the temperature was raised up to 120°C. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

This paper analyzed the overall patent situation of global piezoelectric inkjet printing head technology, the layout of relevant technological field and the main competitive regions and applicants from the developed background of the global piezoelectric inkjet printing head technology. Based on the analysis of overall situation analysis, we has especially analyzed the patents of the regions with the best advanced technology and high market demand in Japan; than disclosed the intellectual property risk faced by piezoelectric inkjet printing head technology by the comparative analysis and function analysis of various research units.

Introduction We recently reported the effect in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia on children’s risk of abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity and higher blood pressure (BP) at 7 years of age among 962 offspring from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study (HAPO) study. Objective To investigate the association of maternal and umbilical cord vitamin D deficiency with children’s cardiometabolic risk at 7 years of age. Methods Mothers who had joined the HAPO study, along with their children were assessed 7 years post-delivery for cardio-metabolic risk, which included carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). We performed interim analysis after 566 maternal serum at mid-gestation and 673 umbilical cord serum were analyzed for total vitamin D (25-OHD) levels using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method which separates the biological inactive 3-epi-25(OH) D3 from 25(OH) D3, an isomer commonly present in infants. Results The mean maternal and umbilical cord 25-OHD levels were 58.52 ± 20.68 nmol/L and 41.06 ± 15.04 nmol/L respectively; 38.3% mothers had level below 50 nmol/l (vitamin D deficient). Maternal and umbilical cord 25-OHD significantly varied with the seasons. Umbilical cord, but not maternal, vitamin D level was negatively associated with children’s cf-PWV (unstandardized coefficients = −0.005, p = 0.003), independent of maternal glucose level at pregnancy, maternal hypertensive status at follow-up and other confounders, such as children’s age, sex & height. The association remained significant even adjusting for children’s BP (unstandardized coefficients = −0.004, p = 0.006). Discussion The result suggests that in utero vitamin D deficiency may be an independent factor for children’s future vascular risk. Further study is required to explore the association with the children’s Vitamin D status and the underlying mechanism.

The efficacy of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, and mixtures thereof as plasticizers for poly(vinylchloride) has been studied. At 80°C, the trimellitate was slower to absorb in this polymer than ESO and was also less soluble, but the former exhibited higher solubility at 120°C. Plasticization efficiencies of stabilized polymeric compositions were similar with ESO and the trimellitate (despite their very different molecular weights). The trimellitate yielded greater mass loss during heat aging of the plasticized compositions, but substituting even minor amounts of it with ESO decreased mass loss synergistically. The trimellitate also resulted in more of an increase in hardness than ESO over time at elevated temperatures, but when aged at 120°C, mixtures of the two surprisingly had more deleterious effects. Thus, although ESO can replace part or all of trimellitates in plasticized PVC, using it as sole plasticizer would be preferable when heat aging performance is a requirement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41966.

One of the current obstacles to stem cell therapy is the tumorigenic potential of residual undifferentiated stem cells. The present study reports rediscovery of a synthetic derivative of okadaic acid, a marine polyether toxin, as a reagent that selectively induces the death of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based screening of 333 cytotoxic compounds identified methyl 27-deoxy-27-oxookadaate (molecule 1) as a substrate of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP), whose expression is repressed in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The results demonstrate that selective elimination of human pluripotent stem cells can be achieved by designing cytotoxic small molecules with appropriate ABC-transporter selectivity.

The paper presents a highly responsive GUI (Graphic User Interface) for KTX, through the use of a multi-threaded program architecture.