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Purpose: Choosing four or six implants to support immediate full‐arch fixed prostheses (FAFPs) is still controversial worldwide. This study aims to analyze and compare the long‐term results of All‐on‐4 and All‐on‐6. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 217 patients rehabilitated with 1222 implants supporting 271 FAFPs, including 202 prostheses supported by 4 implants (All‐on‐4 group) and 69 prostheses supported by 6 implants (All‐on‐6 group), and followed up for 3–13 years. Implant survival, prosthesis survival, complications, and implant marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated and compared between two groups. Patient characteristics including age, gender, jaw, opposite dentition condition, smoking habit, bruxism, bone quantity and quality, cantilever length (CL), prosthesis material, and oral hygiene were analyzed to assess their influence on the clinical results of the two groups. Six surgeons and three prosthodontists who performed FAFPs more than 5 years were invited for questionnaires, to assess patient‐ and clinician‐related influences on implant number. Result: In general, All‐on‐4 group indicated no significant difference with All‐on‐6 group in the implant survival (implant‐level: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.2], P = 0.96; prosthesis‐level: HR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3–1.8], P = 0.54), prosthesis survival (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3–2.8], P = 0.56), biological complications (OR = 0.9 [95% CI: 0.5–1.8], P = 0.78), technical complications of provisional prosthesis (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 0.7–2.3], P = 0.42), technical complications of definitive prosthesis (OR = 1.1 [95% CI: 0.6–2.2], P = 0.33) and the 1st, 5th, and 10th year MBL (P = 0.65, P = 0.28, P = 0.14). However, for specific covariates, including elderly patients, opposing natural/fixed dentition, smoking, bruxism, long CL, low bone density, and all acrylic provisional prostheses, All‐on‐6 was more predictable in some clinical measurements than All‐on‐4. The implant prosthodontists and the medium‐experienced clinicians showed significant preference for All‐on‐6 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on this study, the long‐term clinical results showed no significant difference between All‐on‐4 and All‐on‐6 groups in general. However, for some specific characteristics, All‐on‐6 seemed to be more predictable in some clinical measurements than All‐on‐4. For the clinicians' decision‐making, medium‐experienced clinicians and the implant prosthodontists showed significant preference for All‐on‐6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light is essential for plants and plays a vital role in their growth and development. Light irradiation affects the physiological characteristics and synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. As a semi-shade perennial plant, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is sensitive to changes in the light environment. Different light irradiations significantly affect the secondary metabolic processes of P. ginseng. However, few studies have investigated the changes in ginsenoside content in P. ginseng under different light irradiation conditions. In this study, 3-year-old P. ginseng was cultured under white (CK) light, blue (B) light, red (R) light, green (G) light, and natural light (NL) to explore the effects of light irradiation on the physiological characteristics and ginsenoside secondary metabolism of P. ginseng. The B and CK treatments significantly increased the photosynthetic level in P. ginseng leaves. The total saponin content under blue and red light treatments increased by 28.81% and 21.64%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. Blue and red light improved the transcription levels of ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes. Blue light upregulated the expression of HMGR, SS, SE, DS, CYP716A52, and CYP716A47, and the expression of HMGR, SS, SE, DS, and CYP716A47 under red light treatment was significantly upregulated in P. ginseng roots. Principal component and correlation analyses revealed that the physiological and ecological processes of P. ginseng exhibited different responses to light irradiation. The total saponin content in the roots was positively correlated with the content of protopanaxatriol -type ginsenosides and water use efficiency in leaves. Our study indicates that light conditions can be improved by blue and red light or by blue and red film covering to facilitate the accumulation of saponin during the ecological cultivation of P. ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better serve cloud’s objective of providing low-cost and on-demand services,a two-level and fuzzy clustering based cloud scheduling algorithm named FCTLBS(fuzzy clustering and two level based task scheduling algorithm) was proposed.Scheduling was divided into two levels:user scheduling and task cheduling.It used fuzzy clustering method to cluster resources according to their capabilities and computed tasks’resource bias coefficient according to their parameters.Thus tasks with different resource preference were able to choose different capability resources in the corresponding clusters.The new algorithm reduces the scale of resource choice,better reflects cloud tasks’ service requirements.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has some advantages compared to other kindred algorithms.

Electroless Ni–Fe–P alloys were deposited onto copper substrate from a bath using tri-ammonium citrate and/or tri-sodium citrate as complexing agents. The effects of complexing agents on the corrosion resistance of the alloys were investigated. The variation of the complexing agent leads to the change of corrosion resistance of the alloys due to the composition and the structure change, the alloys obtained with tri-ammonium citrate as complexing agents show better corrosion resistance than those with tri-sodium citrate as complexing agents. The alloys have better corrosion resistance in alkaline solution than in acid solution due to the increasing of polarization resistance.

Purpose: This is a clinical study to compare complete digital workflows generated using intraoral scanning and the split‐file technique with a conventional workflow for cement‐retained implant‐supported restorations. Materials and methods: Forty patients requiring posterior single‐unit implant restorations were included. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to the complete digital workflow group, involving intraoral scanning and manufacture of cement‐retained crowns using the split‐file technique (test group). The remaining 20 patients were assigned to the hybrid workflow group (control group), involving conventional impressions and CAD‐CAM fabricated crowns based on stone casts. Scanning of the crowns was performed before and after clinical adjustment using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS Color; 3Shape). Two 3D digital models were trimmed and superimposed to evaluate changes in dimensions using Geomagic Control 2014 software. Chair‐side and laboratory times for the entire workflow were recorded. Independent‐sample t tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: All crowns were inserted without refabrication. The average maximum occlusal adjustment of the crowns, measured as maximum deviation of occlusal area in superimposed pre and post scans, was −212.7 ± 150.5 and −330.7 ± 192.5 µm in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average area of occlusal adjustment, measured as area of deviation larger than 100 µm, was 8.4 ± 8.1 and 17.1 ± 12.3 mm2 in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.012). The mesial and distal contact adjustment amounts, maximum deviations of proximal area, were −33.0 ± 96.2 and −48.6 ± 70.5 µm in the test group, and −3.7 ± 66.7 µm and −11.4 ± 106.7 µm in the control group, respectively. The mean chair‐side time was 20.20 ± 3.00 and 26.65 ± 4.53 minutes in the test and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean laboratory time was 43.70 ± 5.56 and 84.55 ± 5.81 minutes in the test and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Single‐unit cement‐retained crowns with complete digital workflows required fewer crown adjustments and had shorter clinical and laboratory times compared to conventional impressions and hybrid workflows. Digital impressions and the split‐file technique provided customized abutments and cement‐retained crowns, thus broadening the indications for digital workflows for implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article The facial–coronal ridge crest alterations after single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with thin buccal plate phenotype in anterior maxilla: A radiographic case‐series study by Chun Yi DMD et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13280. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]