Author: "Dept. of Physics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

84,356 results on '"Dept. of Physics '

51. Orbital Multiferroicity in Pentalayer Rhombohedral Graphene

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Han, Tonghang, Lu, Zhengguang, Scuri, Giovanni, Sung, Jiho, Wang, Jue, Han, Tianyi, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Fu, Liang, Park, Hongkun, Ju, Long, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Han, Tonghang, Lu, Zhengguang, Scuri, Giovanni, Sung, Jiho, Wang, Jue, Han, Tianyi, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Fu, Liang, Park, Hongkun, and Ju, Long
Published: 2023

52. Neural embedding: learning the embedding of the manifold of physics data

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Park, Sang E., Harris, Philip, Ostdiek, Bryan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Park, Sang E., Harris, Philip, and Ostdiek, Bryan
Abstract: In this paper, we present a method of embedding physics data manifolds with metric structure into lower dimensional spaces with simpler metrics, such as Euclidean and Hyperbolic spaces. We then demonstrate that it can be a powerful step in the data analysis pipeline for many applications. Using progressively more realistic simulated collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, we show that this embedding approach learns the underlying latent structure. With the notion of volume in Euclidean spaces, we provide for the first time a viable solution to quantifying the true search capability of model agnostic search algorithms in collider physics (i.e. anomaly detection). Finally, we discuss how the ideas presented in this paper can be employed to solve many practical challenges that require the extraction of physically meaningful representations from information in complex high dimensional datasets.
Published: 2023

53. Measurement of the cross section of top quark-antiquark pair production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., and Schöfbeck, R.
Abstract: The production of a top quark-antiquark pair in association with a W boson ( t t ¯ W $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{W} $$ ) is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The analyzed data was recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with two or three leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are selected. In events with two leptons, a multiclass neural network is used to distinguish between the signal and background processes. Events with three leptons are categorized based on the number of jets and of jets originating from b quark hadronization, and the lepton charges. The inclusive t t ¯ W $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{W} $$ production cross section in the full phase space is measured to be 868 ± 40(stat) ± 51(syst) fb. The t t ¯ W $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{W} $$ + and t t ¯ W $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{W} $$ − cross sections are also measured as 553 ± 30(stat) ± 30(syst) and 343 ± 26(stat) ± 25(syst) fb, respectively, and the corresponding ratio of the two cross sections is found to be 1.61 ± 0.15 stat − 0.05 + 0.07 syst $$ 1.61\pm 0.15{\left(\textrm{stat}\right)}_{-0.05}^{+0.07}\left(\textrm{syst}\right) $$ . The measured cross sections are larger than but consistent with the standard model predictions within two standard deviations, and represent the most precise measurement of these cross sections to date.
Published: 2023

54. CMS pythia 8 colour reconnection tunes based on underlying-event data

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Templ, S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., and Templ, S.
Abstract: New sets of parameter tunes for two of the colour reconnection models, quantum chromodynamics-inspired and gluon-move, implemented in the pythia 8 event generator, are obtained based on the default CMS pythia 8 underlying-event tune, CP5. Measurements sensitive to the underlying event performed by the CMS experiment at centre-of-mass energies $$\sqrt{s}=7$$ s = 7 and 13 $$\,\text {Te\hspace{-.08em}V}$$ Te V , and by the CDF experiment at 1.96 $$\,\text {Te\hspace{-.08em}V}$$ Te V are used to constrain the parameters of colour reconnection models and multiple-parton interactions simultaneously. The new colour reconnection tunes are compared with various measurements at 1.96, 7, 8, and 13 $$\,\text {Te\hspace{-.08em}V}$$ Te V including measurements of the underlying-event, strange-particle multiplicities, jet substructure observables, jet shapes, and colour flow in top quark pair ( $${{\text {t}} {}{\bar{\text {t}}}}$$ t t ¯ ) events. The new tunes are also used to estimate the uncertainty related to colour reconnection modelling in the top quark mass measurement using the decay products of $${{\text {t}} {}{\bar{\text {t}}}}$$ t t ¯ events in the semileptonic channel at 13 $$\,\text {Te\hspace{-.08em}V}$$ Te V .
Published: 2023

55. Search for light Higgs bosons from supersymmetric cascade decays in $$\text {pp}$$ pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\textrm{TeV}$$ s = 13 TeV

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Templ, S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Frühwirth, R., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., and Templ, S.
Abstract: A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs bosons ( $${\textrm{H}} _1$$ H 1 ) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in final states with small missing transverse momentum. A data set of LHC $$\hbox {pp}$$ pp collisions collected with the CMS detector at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $$ s = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 is used. The search targets events where both $${\textrm{H}} _1$$ H 1 bosons decay into pairs that are reconstructed as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evidence is found for an excess of events beyond the background expectations of the standard model (SM). Results from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM, where a “singlino” of small mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can predominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like $${\textrm{H}} _1$$ H 1 and a singlino-like neutralino of small transverse momentum. Upper limits are set on the product of the squark or gluino pair production cross section and the square of the branching fraction of the $${\textrm{H}} _1$$ H 1 in a benchmark model containing almost mass-degenerate gluinos and light-flavour squarks. Under the assumption of an SM-like branching fraction, $${\textrm{H}} _1$$ H 1 bosons with masses in the range 40–120 $$\,\text {GeV}$$ GeV arising from the decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200–2500 $$\,\text {GeV}$$ GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.
Published: 2023

56. Reconstruction of Modular Data from SL₂(Z) Representations

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Ng, Siu-Hung, Rowell, Eric C., Wang, Zhenghan, Wen, Xiao-Gang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Ng, Siu-Hung, Rowell, Eric C., Wang, Zhenghan, and Wen, Xiao-Gang
Abstract: Modular data is a significant invariant of a modular tensor category. We pursue an approach to the classification of modular data of modular tensor categories by building the modular S and T matrices directly from irreducible representations of $${{\text {SL}}_2({\mathbb {Z}}/ n {\mathbb {Z}})}$$ SL 2 ( Z / n Z ) . We discover and collect many conditions on the $${{\text {SL}}_2({\mathbb {Z}}/ n {\mathbb {Z}})}$$ SL 2 ( Z / n Z ) representations to identify those that correspond to some modular data. To arrive at concrete matrices from representations, we also develop methods that allow us to select the proper basis of the $${{\text {SL}}_2({\mathbb {Z}}/ n {\mathbb {Z}})}$$ SL 2 ( Z / n Z ) representations so that they have the form of modular data. We apply this technique to the classification of rank-6 modular tensor categories, obtaining a classification of modular data, up to Galois conjugation and changing spherical structure. Most of the calculations can be automated using a computer algebraic system, which can be employed to classify modular data of higher rank modular tensor categories. Our classification employs a hybrid of automated computational methods and by-hand calculations.
Published: 2023

57. Achieving high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Katmis, Ferhat, Wei, Peng, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, Moodera, Jagadeesh S., Lauter, Valeria, Nogueira, Flavio S., Assaf, Badih A., Jamer, Michelle E., Satpati, Biswarup, Freeland, John W., Eremin, Ilya, Heiman, Don, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Katmis, Ferhat, Wei, Peng, Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo, Moodera, Jagadeesh S., Lauter, Valeria, Nogueira, Flavio S., Assaf, Badih A., Jamer, Michelle E., Satpati, Biswarup, Freeland, John W., Eremin, Ilya, and Heiman, Don
Published: 2023

58. Observation of the B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → D+D− decay

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Aiola, S., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Alexander, M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Aiola, S., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., and Alexander, M.
Abstract: The first observation of the B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → D∗+D∗− decay and the measurement of its branching ratio relative to the B0 → D∗+D∗− decay are presented. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV between 2011 and 2018. The decay is observed with more than 10 standard deviations and the time-integrated ratio of branching fractions is determined to be B B s 0 → D ∗ + D ∗ − B B 0 → D ∗ + D ∗ − = 0.269 ± 0.032 ± 0.011 ± 0.008 , $$ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}=0.269\pm 0.032\pm 0.011\pm 0.008, $$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the uncertainty of the fragmentation fraction ratio fs/fd. The B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → D*+D*− branching fraction is calculated to be B B s 0 → D ∗ + D ∗ − = 2.15 ± 0.26 ± 0.09 ± 0.06 ± 0.16 × 10 − 4 , $$ \mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)=\left(2.15\pm 0.26\pm 0.09\pm 0.06\pm 0.16\right)\times {10}^{-4}, $$ where the fourth uncertainty is due to the B0 → D*+D*− branching fraction. These results are calculated using the average B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ meson lifetime in simulation. Correction factors are reported for scenarios where either a purely heavy or a purely light B s 0 $$ {B}_s^0 $$ eigenstate is considered.
Published: 2023

59. Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Abud, A. A., Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adames, M. R., Adamov, G., Adamowski, M., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Adriano, C., Aduszkiewicz, A., Aguilar, J., Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, J., Aimard, B., Akbar, F., Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B., Allison, K., Monsalve, S. A., AlRashed, M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Abud, A. A., Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adames, M. R., Adamov, G., Adamowski, M., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Adriano, C., Aduszkiewicz, A., Aguilar, J., Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, J., Aimard, B., Akbar, F., Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B., Allison, K., Monsalve, S. A., and AlRashed, M.
Abstract: The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1 $$\pm 0.6$$ ± 0.6 % and 84.1 $$\pm 0.6$$ ± 0.6 %, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.
Published: 2023

60. Study of SRCs in neutron-rich nuclei with inverse kinematics measurements

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Kahlbow, Julian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, and Kahlbow, Julian
Abstract: Experiments in inverse kinematics are a novel approach to study short-range correlations in atomic nuclei. Such fully exclusive experiments offer unique advantages over normal kinematics as they allow to study the structure of short-lived radioactive-nuclei using quasi-free scattering reactions and measure the complete final state directly. In pilot experiments at JINR using a $$^{12}$$ 12 C beam at 4 GeV/c/nucleon on a proton target, we show that challenges posed by final-state interactions can be overcome taking advantage of post-selection. This opens a new research path to study the dynamics of high-momentum nucleons in extremely asymmetric nuclei.
Published: 2023

61. Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Yan, Qi, Choutko, Vitaly, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Yan, Qi, and Choutko, Vitaly
Abstract: Department of Energy (DOE)
Published: 2023

62. Search for CP violation in D s + $$ {D}_{(s)}^{+} $$ → K−K+K+ decays

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., Albrecht, J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., and Albrecht, J.
Abstract: A search for direct CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D s + $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ → K−K+K+ and in the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+ → K−K+K+ is reported. The analysis is performed with data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb−1. The search is conducted by comparing the D s + $$ {D}_{(s)}^{+} $$ and D s − $$ {D}_{(s)}^{-} $$ Dalitz-plot distributions through a model-independent binned technique, based on fits to the K−K+K+ invariant-mass distributions, with a total of 0.97 (1.27) million D s + $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ (D+) signal candidates. The results are given as p-values for the hypothesis of CP conservation and are found to be 13.3% for the D s + $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ → K−K+K+ decay and 31.6% for the D+ → K−K+K+ decay. No evidence for CP violation is observed in these decays.
Published: 2023

63. Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with GPUs in ProtoDUNE Data Processing

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cai, Tejin, Herner, Kenneth, Yang, Tingjun, Wang, Michael, Acosta Flechas, Maria, Harris, Philip, Holzman, Burt, Pedro, Kevin, Tran, Nhan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cai, Tejin, Herner, Kenneth, Yang, Tingjun, Wang, Michael, Acosta Flechas, Maria, Harris, Philip, Holzman, Burt, Pedro, Kevin, and Tran, Nhan
Abstract: We study the performance of a cloud-based GPU-accelerated inference server to speed up event reconstruction in neutrino data batch jobs. Using detector data from the ProtoDUNE experiment and employing the standard DUNE grid job submission tools, we attempt to reprocess the data by running several thousand concurrent grid jobs, a rate we expect to be typical of current and future neutrino physics experiments. We process most of the dataset with the GPU version of our processing algorithm and the remainder with the CPU version for timing comparisons. We find that a 100-GPU cloud-based server is able to easily meet the processing demand, and that using the GPU version of the event processing algorithm is two times faster than processing these data with the CPU version when comparing to the newest CPUs in our sample. The amount of data transferred to the inference server during the GPU runs can overwhelm even the highest-bandwidth network switches, however, unless care is taken to observe network facility limits or otherwise distribute the jobs to multiple sites. We discuss the lessons learned from this processing campaign and several avenues for future improvements.
Published: 2023

64. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia-Feng, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, and Chang, Chia-Feng
Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.
Published: 2023

65. Characterizing Temperature and Strain Variations with Qubit Ensembles for Their Robust Coherence Protection

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Wang, Guoqing, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Tang, Hao, Chen, Mo, Li, Changhao, Xu, Haowei, Stasiuk, Andrew, Li, Ju, Cappellaro, Paola, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Wang, Guoqing, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Tang, Hao, Chen, Mo, Li, Changhao, Xu, Haowei, Stasiuk, Andrew, Li, Ju, and Cappellaro, Paola
Abstract: National Science Foundation (NSF), DARPA, DTRA
Published: 2023

66. Measurement of the differential $$\hbox {t}\overline{\hbox {t}}$$ t t ¯ production cross section as a function of the jet mass and extraction of the top quark mass in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Templ, S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Valle, A. E. D., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., and Templ, S.
Abstract: A measurement of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of Lorentz-boosted top quarks is presented. The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of top quark pair production ( $$\hbox {t}\overline{\hbox {t}}$$ t t ¯ ) events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay are reconstructed using a single large-radius jet with transverse momentum greater than 400 $$\,\text {Ge}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ Ge V . The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 . The differential $$\hbox {t}\overline{\hbox {t}}$$ t t ¯ production cross section as a function of the jet mass is unfolded to the particle level and is used to extract the top quark mass. The jet mass scale is calibrated using the hadronic W boson decay within the large-radius jet. The uncertainties in the modelling of the final state radiation are reduced by studying angular correlations in the jet substructure. These developments lead to a significant increase in precision, and a top quark mass of $$173.06 \pm 0.84\,\text {Ge}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V} $$ 173.06 ± 0.84 Ge V .
Published: 2023

67. Study of the Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign pions in proton-lead collisions

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., Albrecht, J., Alessio, F., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Abellan Beteta, C., Abudinén, F., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Adlarson, P., Afsharnia, H., Agapopoulou, C., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., Akiba, K., Albicocco, P., Albrecht, J., and Alessio, F.
Abstract: Correlations of same-sign charged pions are analysed using proton-lead collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.06 nb−1. Bose-Einstein correlations are observed in the form of an enhancement of pair production for same-sign charged pions with a small four-momentum difference. The dependence of the correlation radius and the intercept parameter on the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity is investigated. The measured correlation radii scale linearly with the cube root of the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity, being compatible with predictions of hydrodynamic models on the collision system evolution.
Published: 2023

68. Search for long-lived particles using out-of-time trackless jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., and Schwarz, D.
Abstract: A search for long-lived particles decaying in the outer regions of the CMS silicon tracker or in the calorimeters is presented. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. A novel technique, using nearly trackless and out-of-time jet information combined in a deep neural network discriminator, is employed to identify decays of long-lived particles. The results are interpreted in a simplified model of chargino-neutralino production, where the neutralino is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, is long-lived, and decays to a gravitino and either a Higgs or Z boson. This search is most sensitive to neutralino proper decay lengths of approximately 0.5 m, for which masses up to 1.18 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The current search is the best result to date in the mass range from the kinematic limit imposed by the Higgs boson mass up to 1.8 TeV.
Published: 2023

69. D-instanton, threshold corrections, and topological string

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Kim, Manki, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, and Kim, Manki
Abstract: In this note, we prove that the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential generated by Euclidean D-branes in type II compactifications on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds is determined by the moduli integral of the new supersymmetric index defined by Cecotti, Fendley, Intriligator, and Vafa. As this quantity can be computed via topological string theory, Chern-Simons theory, matrix models, or by solving the holomorphic anomaly equation, this result provides a method to directly compute the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential. The relation between the one-loop pfaffian, threshold corrections to the gauge coupling, and the one-loop partition function of open topological string theory is discussed.
Published: 2023

70. A search for decays of the Higgs boson to invisible particles in events with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Sonawane, M., Templ, S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Chatterjee, S., Damanakis, K., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Hussain, P. S., Jeitler, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Schieck, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Sonawane, M., and Templ, S.
Abstract: A search for decays to invisible particles of Higgs bosons produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair or a vector boson, which both decay to a fully hadronic final state, has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected at $${\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}}$$ s = 13 Te V by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 . The 95% confidence level upper limit set on the branching fraction of the 125 $$\,\text {Ge}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ Ge V Higgs boson to invisible particles, $${\mathcal {B}({\textrm{H}} \rightarrow \text {inv})}$$ B ( H → inv ) , is 0.54 (0.39 expected), assuming standard model production cross sections. The results of this analysis are combined with previous $${\mathcal {B}({\textrm{H}} \rightarrow \text {inv})}$$ B ( H → inv ) searches carried out at $${\sqrt{s}=7}$$ s = 7 , 8, and 13 $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ Te V in complementary production modes. The combined upper limit at 95% confidence level on $${\mathcal {B}({\textrm{H}} \rightarrow \text {inv})}$$ B ( H → inv ) is 0.15 (0.08 expected).
Published: 2023

71. Scaling Qubit Readout with Hardware Efficient Machine Learning Architectures

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Maurya, Satvik, Mude, Chaithanya, Oliver, William, Lienhard, Benjamin, Tannu, Swamit, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Maurya, Satvik, Mude, Chaithanya, Oliver, William, Lienhard, Benjamin, and Tannu, Swamit
Published: 2023

72. Chiral Matter Multiplicities and Resolution-Independent Structure in 4D F-Theory Models

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Jefferson, Patrick, Taylor, Washington, Turner, Andrew P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Jefferson, Patrick, Taylor, Washington, and Turner, Andrew P.
Abstract: Motivated by questions related to the landscape of flux compactifications, we combine new and existing techniques into a systematic, streamlined approach for computing vertical fluxes and chiral matter multiplicities in 4D F-theory models. A central feature of our approach is the conjecturally resolution-independent intersection pairing of the vertical part of the integer middle cohomology of smooth elliptic Calabi–Yau fourfolds, relevant for computing chiral indices and related aspects of 4D F-theory flux vacua. We illustrate our approach by analyzing vertical flux backgrounds for F-theory models with simple, simply-laced gauge groups and generic matter content, as well as models with $${\text {U}}(1)$$ U ( 1 ) gauge factors. We explicitly analyze resolutions of these F-theory models in which the elliptic fiber is realized as a cubic in $${\mathbb {P}}^2$$ P 2 over an arbitrary (e.g., not necessarily toric) smooth base, and confirm the independence of the intersection pairing of the vertical part of the middle cohomology for the resolutions we study. In each model, we find that vertical flux backgrounds can produce nonzero multiplicities for a spanning set of anomaly-free chiral matter field combinations, suggesting that F-theory geometry imposes no additional linear constraints on allowed matter representations beyond those implied by 4D anomaly cancellation.
Published: 2023

73. ON THE PARAXIAL APPROXIMATION IN QUANTUM OPTICS

Author: Jongewaard, Maria Fernanda de Boer (author), Beetle, Christopher (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Jongewaard, Maria Fernanda de Boer (author), Beetle, Christopher (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract: We examine how best to associate quantum states of a single particle to modes of a narrowly collimated beam of classical radiation modeled in the paraxial approximation, both for scalar particles and for photons. Our analysis stresses the importance of the relationship between the inner product used to define orthogonal modes of the paraxial beam, on the one hand, and the inner product underlying the statistical interpretation of the quantum theory, on the other. While several candidates for such an association have been proposed in the literature, we argue that one of them is uniquely well suited to the task. Specifically, the mapping from beam modes to ”henochromatic” fields on spacetime is unique within a large class of similar mappings in that it is unitary in a mathematically precise sense. We also show that the single-particle quantum states associated to the orthogonal modes of a classical beam in the henochromatic approach are not only orthogonal, but also complete in the quantum Hilbert space., 2023, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2023., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
Published: 2023

74. COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS, BIODISTRIBUTION AND DOSIMETRY OF 212Pb (ALPHA-EMITTER) LABELED ANTIBODY VS PEPTIDE VS SMALL MOLECULE

Author: Moshiri, Nader Sedeh (author), Leventouri, Theodora (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Moshiri, Nader Sedeh (author), Leventouri, Theodora (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract: With the advent of newly and more reliably designed targeted therapy methods in the past several years, targeted radionuclide therapy has attracted more attentions around the world as a more reliable treatment modality in combination with other well established traditional cancer treatments i.e., external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Alpha particles have a high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) due to their high linear energy transfer (LET). However, to utilize them for therapeutic purposes, precise human body dosimetry calculation is required. The measurement of their uptake and biodistribution can be quite challenging. Also, due to the complex biology of different types of cells, their shapes and functions, there is not a simple and clear understanding of the mechanism of action that fits all. This study aims to estimate and compare the human organ dosimetry of the alpha emitter, 212Pb, from animal data assuming that it is conjugated with three different types of commonly used targeting nanoparticles. For this purpose, the pre-published animal data of three different radionuclide labeled peptide, antibody, and small molecule carriers were selected and converted to human data. Then a compartmental model was designed for each of them to fit the model to the human data with 212Pb, half-life of 10.64 hours. Once each model reached the desired fit, the area under the curves were extracted then the estimated human organ dosimetry calculations took place via the MIRD scheme. The organ dosimetry results for 212Pb + three different carriers are presented in Tables 14, 17, and 20., 2023, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2023., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
Published: 2023

75. A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF THE NEUTRON AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT FROM A PROTON PENCIL BEAM MEDICAL THERAPY UNIT

Author: Llanes, Alejandro Rene Lopez (author), Muhammad, Wazir (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Llanes, Alejandro Rene Lopez (author), Muhammad, Wazir (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract: Proton Therapy, an effective cancer treatment, poses unintended consequences for patients and personnel due to secondary neutron production. This study investigates neutron attenuation in shielding materials like concrete using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to optimize shielding requirements. Experimental limitations, such as detector sensitivity, energy range response, and spatial resolution, lead to inaccurate evaluations. MC simulations address that by modeling radiation transport and neutron interactions with shielding materials. The TOPAS-MC code simulated secondary neutrons generated by a 226.5 MeV energy proton beam on a 30 cm diameter tissue-equivalent target. The target was placed in a 200 cm spherical concrete shell with a 100 cm inner radius and 2.3 g/cm3 density. Energy deposition and particle fluence were scored in 20 radial points across 18 angular positions, and the mean value per particle was estimated. Neutron fluence to ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients from ICRU Report No. 95 were used to calculate the total dose equivalent values, which were scaled based on distance and concrete shield thickness., 2023, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Thesis (PSM)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
Published: 2023

76. Two-Photon Interface of Nuclear Spins Based on the Optonuclear Quadrupolar Effect

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Xu, Haowei, Li, Changhao, Wang, Guoqing, Wang, Hua, Tang, Hao, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Cappellaro, Paola, Li, Ju, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Xu, Haowei, Li, Changhao, Wang, Guoqing, Wang, Hua, Tang, Hao, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Cappellaro, Paola, and Li, Ju
Published: 2023

77. Chiral spectrum of the universal tuned (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 4D F-theory model

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Jefferson, Patrick, Taylor, Washington, Turner, Andrew P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Jefferson, Patrick, Taylor, Washington, and Turner, Andrew P.
Abstract: We use the recently developed methods of arXiv:2108.07810 to analyze vertical flux backgrounds and associated chiral matter spectra in the 4D universal (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 model introduced in arXiv:1912.10991, which is believed to describe the most generic family of F-theory vacua with tuned (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 gauge symmetry. Our analysis focuses on a resolution of a particular presentation of the (SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1))/ℤ6 model in which the elliptic fiber is realized as a cubic in ℙ2 fibered over an arbitrary smooth threefold base. We show that vertical fluxes can produce nonzero multiplicities for all chiral matter families that satisfy 4D anomaly cancellation, which include as a special case the chiral matter families of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
Published: 2023

78. Clinical validation of a smartphone-based retinal camera for diabetic retinopathy screening

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, de Oliveira, Juliana A. E., Nakayama, Luis F., Zago Ribeiro, Lucas, de Oliveira, Talita V. F., Choi, Stefano N. J. H., Neto, Edgar M., Cardoso, Viviane S., Dib, Sergio A., Melo, Gustavo B., Regatieri, Caio V. S., Malerbi, Fernando K., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, de Oliveira, Juliana A. E., Nakayama, Luis F., Zago Ribeiro, Lucas, de Oliveira, Talita V. F., Choi, Stefano N. J. H., Neto, Edgar M., Cardoso, Viviane S., Dib, Sergio A., Melo, Gustavo B., Regatieri, Caio V. S., and Malerbi, Fernando K.
Abstract: Aims This study aims to compare the performance of a handheld fundus camera (Eyer) and standard tabletop fundus cameras (Visucam 500, Visucam 540, and Canon CR-2) for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema screening. Methods This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that included images from 327 individuals with diabetes. The participants underwent pharmacological mydriasis and fundus photography in two fields (macula and optic disk centered) with both strategies. All images were acquired by trained healthcare professionals, de-identified, and graded independently by two masked ophthalmologists, with a third senior ophthalmologist adjudicating in discordant cases. The International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy was used for grading, and demographic data, diabetic retinopathy classification, artifacts, and image quality were compared between devices. The tabletop senior ophthalmologist adjudication label was used as the ground truth for comparative analysis. A univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship of each independent factor in referable diabetic retinopathy. Results The mean age of participants was 57.03 years (SD 16.82, 9–90 years), and the mean duration of diabetes was 16.35 years (SD 9.69, 1–60 years). Age (P = .005), diabetes duration (P = .004), body mass index (P = .005), and hypertension (P < .001) were statistically different between referable and non-referable patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between male sex (OR 1.687) and hypertension (OR 3.603) with referable diabetic retinopathy. The agreement between devices for diabetic retinopathy classification was 73.18%, with a weighted kappa of 0.808 (almost perfect). The agreement for macular edema was 88.48%, with a kappa of 0.809 (almost perfect). For referable diabetic retinopathy, the agreement was 85.88%, with a kappa of 0.716 (substantial), sensitivity of 0.906, an
Published: 2023

79. Large U(1) charges from flux breaking in 4D F-theory models

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Li, Shing Y., Taylor, Washington, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Li, Shing Y., and Taylor, Washington
Abstract: We study the massless charged spectrum of U(1) gauge fields in F-theory that arise from flux breaking of a nonabelian group. The U(1) charges that arise in this way can be very large. In particular, using vertical flux breaking, we construct an explicit 4D F-theory model with a U(1) decoupled from other gauge sectors, in which the massless/light fields have charges as large as 657. This result greatly exceeds prior results in the literature. We argue heuristically that this result may provide an upper bound on charges for light fields under decoupled U(1) factors in the F-theory landscape. We also show that the charges can be even larger when the U(1) is coupled to other gauge groups.
Published: 2023

80. BaM-seq and TBaM-seq, highly multiplexed and targeted RNA-seq protocols for rapid, low-cost library generation from bacterial samples

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Johnson, Grace E, Parker, Darren J, Lalanne, Jean-Benoit, Parker, Mirae L, Li, Gene-Wei, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Johnson, Grace E, Parker, Darren J, Lalanne, Jean-Benoit, Parker, Mirae L, and Li, Gene-Wei
Abstract: Abstract The ability to profile transcriptomes and characterize global gene expression changes has been greatly enabled by the development of RNA sequencing technologies (RNA-seq). However, the process of generating sequencing-compatible cDNA libraries from RNA samples can be time-consuming and expensive, especially for bacterial mRNAs which lack poly(A)-tails that are often used to streamline this process for eukaryotic samples. Compared to the increasing throughput and decreasing cost of sequencing, library preparation has had limited advances. Here, we describe bacterial-multiplexed-seq (BaM-seq), an approach that enables simple barcoding of many bacterial RNA samples that decreases the time and cost of library preparation. We also present targeted-bacterial-multiplexed-seq (TBaM-seq) that allows for differential expression analysis of specific gene panels with over 100-fold enrichment in read coverage. In addition, we introduce the concept of transcriptome redistribution based on TBaM-seq that dramatically reduces the required sequencing depth while still allowing for quantification of both highly and lowly abundant transcripts. These methods accurately measure gene expression changes with high technical reproducibility and agreement with gold standard, lower throughput approaches. Together, use of these library preparation protocols allows for fast, affordable generation of sequencing libraries.
Published: 2023

81. Single-Particle Tracking of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Reveals How Mutations in the Lid Region Remodel Its Diffusion

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Iversen, Josephine F., Bohr, Søren S.-R., Pinholt, Henrik D., Moses, Matias E., Iversen, Lars, Christensen, Sune M., Hatzakis, Nikos S., Zhang, Min, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Iversen, Josephine F., Bohr, Søren S.-R., Pinholt, Henrik D., Moses, Matias E., Iversen, Lars, Christensen, Sune M., Hatzakis, Nikos S., and Zhang, Min
Abstract: The function of most lipases is controlled by the lid, which undergoes conformational changes at a water–lipid interface to expose the active site, thus activating catalysis. Understanding how lid mutations affect lipases’ function is important for designing improved variants. Lipases’ function has been found to correlate with their diffusion on the substrate surface. Here, we used single-particle tracking (SPT), a powerful tool for deciphering enzymes’ diffusional behavior, to study Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) variants with different lid structures in a laundry-like application condition. Thousands of parallelized recorded trajectories and hidden Markov modeling (HMM) analysis allowed us to extract three interconverting diffusional states and quantify their abundance, microscopic transition rates, and the energy barriers for sampling them. Combining those findings with ensemble measurements, we determined that the overall activity variation in the application condition is dependent on surface binding and lipase mobility when bound. Specifically, the L4 variant with a TLL-like lid and wild-type (WT) TLL displayed similar ensemble activity, but WT bound stronger to the surface than L4, while L4 had a higher diffusion coefficient and thus activity when bound to the surface. These mechanistic elements can only be de-convoluted by our combined assays. Our findings offer fresh perspectives on the development of the next iteration of enzyme-based detergent.
Published: 2023

82. Exact parallel waves in general relativity

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Roche, Cian, Aazami, Amir B., Cederbaum, Carla, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Roche, Cian, Aazami, Amir B., and Cederbaum, Carla
Abstract: We conduct a review of the basic definitions and the principal results in the study of wavelike spacetimes, that is spacetimes whose metric models massless radiation moving at the speed of light, focusing in particular on those geometries with parallel rays. In particular, we motivate and connect their various definitions, outline their coordinate descriptions and present some classical results in their study in a language more accessible to modern readers, including the existence of “null coordinates” and the construction of Penrose limits. We also present a thorough summary of recent work on causality in pp-waves, and describe progress in addressing an open question in the field—the Ehlers–Kundt conjecture.
Published: 2023

83. Modeling Complex Systems: A Case Study of Compartmental Models in Epidemiology

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Siegenfeld, Alexander F., Kollepara, Pratyush K., Bar-Yam, Yaneer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Siegenfeld, Alexander F., Kollepara, Pratyush K., and Bar-Yam, Yaneer
Abstract: Compartmental epidemic models have been widely used for predicting the course of epidemics, from estimating the basic reproduction number to guiding intervention policies. Studies commonly acknowledge these models’ assumptions but less often justify their validity in the specific context in which they are being used. Our purpose is not to argue for specific alternatives or modifications to compartmental models, but rather to show how assumptions can constrain model outcomes to a narrow portion of the wide landscape of potential epidemic behaviors. This concrete examination of well-known models also serves to illustrate general principles of modeling that can be applied in other contexts.
Published: 2023

84. Probing Plasma Composition with the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Emami, Razieh, Anantua, Richard, Ricarte, Angelo, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Broderick, Avery, Wong, George, Blackburn, Lindy, Wielgus, Maciek, Narayan, Ramesh, Tremblay, Grant, Alcock, Charles, Hernquist, Lars, Smith, Randall, Liska , Matthew, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Vogelsberger, Mark, Curd, Brandon, Kramer , Joana A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Emami, Razieh, Anantua, Richard, Ricarte, Angelo, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Broderick, Avery, Wong, George, Blackburn, Lindy, Wielgus, Maciek, Narayan, Ramesh, Tremblay, Grant, Alcock, Charles, Hernquist, Lars, Smith, Randall, Liska , Matthew, Natarajan, Priyamvada, Vogelsberger, Mark, Curd, Brandon, and Kramer , Joana A.
Abstract: We explore the plasma matter content in the innermost accretion disk/jet in M87* as relevant for an enthusiastic search for the signatures of anti-matter in the next generation of the Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). We model the impact of non-zero positron-to-electron ratio using different emission models, including a constant electron to magnetic pressure (constant $β_{e} emantics>$ model) with a population of non-thermal electrons as well as an R-beta model populated with thermal electrons. In the former case, we pick a semi-analytic fit to the force-free region of a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation, while in the latter case, we analyze the GRMHD simulations directly. In both cases, positrons are being added at the post-processing level. We generate polarized images and spectra for some of these models and find out that at the radio frequencies, both of the linear and the circular polarizations are enhanced with every pair added. On the contrary, we show that, at higher frequencies, a substantial positron fraction washes out the circular polarization. We report strong degeneracies between different emission models and the positron fraction, though our non-thermal models show more sensitivities to the pair fraction than the thermal models. We conclude that a large theoretical image library is indeed required to fully understand the trends probed in this study, and to place them in the context of a large set of parameters which also affect polarimetric images, such as magnetic field strength, black hole spin, and detailed aspects of the electron temperature and the distribution function.
Published: 2023

85. The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium: Into the Unknown

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Richardson, John D., Bykov, Andrei, Effenberger, Frederic, Scherer, Klaus, von Steiger, Rudolf, Sterken, Veerle J., Zank, Gary P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Richardson, John D., Bykov, Andrei, Effenberger, Frederic, Scherer, Klaus, von Steiger, Rudolf, Sterken, Veerle J., and Zank, Gary P.
Published: 2023

86. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Porkolab, Miklos, White, Anne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Porkolab, Miklos, and White, Anne
Abstract: Abstract We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.
Published: 2023

87. Tracing Hot Spot Motion in Sagittarius A* Using the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT)

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Emami, Razieh, Tiede, Paul, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Roelofs, Freek, Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Liska, Matthew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Ripperda, Bart, Fuentes, Antonio, Broderick, Avery E., Hernquist, Lars, Alcock, Charles, Narayan, Ramesh, Smith, Randall, Tremblay, Grant, Ricarte, Angelo, Sun, He, Anantua, Richard, Kovalev, Yuri Y., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Emami, Razieh, Tiede, Paul, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Roelofs, Freek, Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Liska, Matthew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Ripperda, Bart, Fuentes, Antonio, Broderick, Avery E., Hernquist, Lars, Alcock, Charles, Narayan, Ramesh, Smith, Randall, Tremblay, Grant, Ricarte, Angelo, Sun, He, Anantua, Richard, and Kovalev, Yuri Y.
Abstract: We propose the tracing of the motion of a shearing hot spot near the Sgr A* source through a dynamical image reconstruction algorithm, StarWarps. Such a hot spot may form as the exhaust of magnetic reconnection in a current sheet near the black hole horizon. A hot spot that is ejected from the current sheet into an orbit in the accretion disk may shear and diffuse due to instabilities at its boundary during its orbit, resulting in a distinct signature. We subdivide the motion into two different phases: the first phase refers to the appearance of the hot spot modeled as a bright blob, followed by a subsequent shearing phase. We employ different observational array configurations, including EHT (2017, 2022) and the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHTp1, ngEHT) arrays, with several new sites added, and make dynamical image reconstructions for each of them. Subsequently, we infer the hot spot angular image location in the first phase, followed by the axes ratio and the ellipse area in the second phase. We focus on the direct observability of the orbiting hot spot in the sub-mm wavelength. Our analysis demonstrates that for this particular simulation, the newly added dishes are better able to trace the first phase as well as part of the second phase before the flux is reduced substantially, compared to the EHT arrays. The algorithm used in this work can be easily extended to other types of dynamics, as well as different shearing timescales. More simulations are required to prove whether the current set of newly proposed sites are sufficient to resolve any motions near variable sources, such as Sgr A*.
Published: 2023

88. Polarized Dishevelled dissolution and reassembly drives embryonic axis specification in sea star oocytes

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Swartz, S Zachary, Tan, Tzer Han, Perillo, Margherita, Fakhri, Nikta, Wessel, Gary M, Wikramanayake, Athula H, Cheeseman, Iain M, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Swartz, S Zachary, Tan, Tzer Han, Perillo, Margherita, Fakhri, Nikta, Wessel, Gary M, Wikramanayake, Athula H, and Cheeseman, Iain M
Abstract: The organismal body axes that are formed during embryogenesis are intimately linked to intrinsic asymmetries established at the cellular scale in oocytes.1 However, the mechanisms that generate cellular asymmetries within the oocyte and then transduce that polarity to organismal scale body axes are poorly understood outside of select model organisms. Here, we report an axis-defining event in meiotic oocytes of the sea star Patiria miniata. Dishevelled (Dvl) is a cytoplasmic Wnt pathway effector required for axis development in diverse species,2-4 but the mechanisms governing its function and distribution remain poorly defined. Using time-lapse imaging, we find that Dvl localizes uniformly to puncta throughout the cell cortex in Prophase I-arrested oocytes but becomes enriched at the vegetal pole following meiotic resumption through a dissolution-reassembly mechanism. This process is driven by an initial disassembly phase of Dvl puncta, followed by selective reformation of Dvl assemblies at the vegetal pole. Rather than being driven by Wnt signaling, this localization behavior is coupled to meiotic cell cycle progression and influenced by Lamp1+ endosome association and Frizzled receptors pre-localized within the oocyte cortex. Our results reveal a cell cycle-linked mechanism by which maternal cellular polarity is transduced to the embryo through spatially regulated Dvl dynamics.
Published: 2023

89. Snowmass white paper: beyond the standard model effects on neutrino flavor

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Argüelles, C. A., Barenboim, G., Bustamante, M., Coloma, P., Denton, P. B., Esteban, I., Farzan, Y., Martínez, E. F., Forero, D. V., Gago, A. M., Katori, T., Lehnert, R., Ross-Lonergan, M., Suliga, A. M., Tabrizi, Z., Anchordoqui, L., Chakraborty, K., Conrad, J., Das, A., Fong, C. S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Argüelles, C. A., Barenboim, G., Bustamante, M., Coloma, P., Denton, P. B., Esteban, I., Farzan, Y., Martínez, E. F., Forero, D. V., Gago, A. M., Katori, T., Lehnert, R., Ross-Lonergan, M., Suliga, A. M., Tabrizi, Z., Anchordoqui, L., Chakraborty, K., Conrad, J., Das, A., and Fong, C. S.
Abstract: Neutrinos are one of the most promising messengers for signals of new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). On the theoretical side, their elusive nature, combined with their unknown mass mechanism, seems to indicate that the neutrino sector is indeed opening a window to new physics. On the experimental side, several long-standing anomalies have been reported in the past decades, providing a strong motivation to thoroughly test the standard three-neutrino oscillation paradigm. In this Snowmass21 white paper, we explore the potential of current and future neutrino experiments to explore BSM effects on neutrino flavor during the next decade.
Published: 2023

90. Dimer states of Rydberg atoms on the Kagome lattice as resources for universal measurement-based quantum computation

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Crépel, Valentin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, and Crépel, Valentin
Abstract: We show that the quantum dimer state on the Kagome lattice, which was recently realized with high fidelity in a Rydberg quantum simulator [G. Semeghini et al., Science 374, 6572 (2021)], offers a sufficient resource for universal measurement-based quantum computations. In particular, we provide an efficient encoding of logical qubits in this state and give explicit measurement sequences that implement a universal set of gates on these qubits. Since the building blocks of the proposed measurements have already been experimentally implemented, our work highlights one possible path toward promoting Rydberg simulators to universal quantum computers relying on the measurement-based model of quantum computation with currently existing technology.
Published: 2023

91. Fine-scale diversity of microbial communities due to satellite niches in boom and bust environments

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Fridman, Yulia, Wang, Zihan, Maslov, Sergei, Goyal, Akshit, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Fridman, Yulia, Wang, Zihan, Maslov, Sergei, and Goyal, Akshit
Abstract: Recent observations have revealed that closely related strains of the same microbial species can stably coexist in natural and laboratory settings subject to boom and bust dynamics and serial dilutions, respectively. However, the possible mechanisms enabling the coexistence of only a handful of strains, but not more, have thus far remained unknown. Here, using a consumer-resource model of microbial ecosystems, we propose that by differentiating along Monod parameters characterizing microbial growth rates in high and low nutrient conditions, strains can coexist in patterns similar to those observed. In our model, boom and bust environments create satellite niches due to resource concentrations varying in time. These satellite niches can be occupied by closely related strains, thereby enabling their coexistence. We demonstrate that this result is valid even in complex environments consisting of multiple resources and species. In these complex communities, each species partitions resources differently and creates separate sets of satellite niches for their own strains. While there is no theoretical limit to the number of coexisting strains, in our simulations, we always find between 1 and 3 strains coexisting, consistent with known experiments and observations.
Published: 2023

92. Precision Machine Learning

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Michaud, Eric J., Liu, Ziming, Tegmark, Max, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Michaud, Eric J., Liu, Ziming, and Tegmark, Max
Abstract: We explore unique considerations involved in fitting machine learning (ML) models to data with very high precision, as is often required for science applications. We empirically compare various function approximation methods and study how they scale with increasing parameters and data. We find that neural networks (NNs) can often outperform classical approximation methods on high-dimensional examples, by (we hypothesize) auto-discovering and exploiting modular structures therein. However, neural networks trained with common optimizers are less powerful for low-dimensional cases, which motivates us to study the unique properties of neural network loss landscapes and the corresponding optimization challenges that arise in the high precision regime. To address the optimization issue in low dimensions, we develop training tricks which enable us to train neural networks to extremely low loss, close to the limits allowed by numerical precision.
Published: 2023

93. Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, White, Anne, Porkolab, Miklos, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, White, Anne, and Porkolab, Miklos
Abstract: AbstractResearch on magnetic confinement of high-temperature plasmas has the ultimate goal of harnessing nuclear fusion for the production of electricity. Although the tokamak1 is the leading toroidal magnetic-confinement concept, it is not without shortcomings and the fusion community has therefore also pursued alternative concepts such as the stellarator. Unlike axisymmetric tokamaks, stellarators possess a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field geometry. The availability of this additional dimension opens up an extensive configuration space for computational optimization of both the field geometry itself and the current-carrying coils that produce it. Such an optimization was undertaken in designing Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)2, a large helical-axis advanced stellarator (HELIAS), which began operation in 2015 at Greifswald, Germany. A major drawback of 3D magnetic field geometry, however, is that it introduces a strong temperature dependence into the stellarator’s non-turbulent ‘neoclassical’ energy transport. Indeed, such energy losses will become prohibitive in high-temperature reactor plasmas unless a strong reduction of the geometrical factor associated with this transport can be achieved; such a reduction was therefore a principal goal of the design of W7-X. In spite of the modest heating power currently available, W7-X has already been able to achieve high-temperature plasma conditions during its 2017 and 2018 experimental campaigns, producing record values of the fusion triple product for such stellarator plasmas3,4. The triple product of plasma density, ion temperature and energy confinement time is used in fusion research as a figure of merit, as it must attain a certain threshold value before net-energy-producing operation of a reactor becomes possible1,5. Here we demonstrate that such record values provide evidence for reduced neoclassical ene
Published: 2023

94. Dosimetric Influence of Dose due to the PTV Dose Uniformity on the Critical Organs

Author: Yigit, Erdem (author), Pella, Silvia (Thesis advisor), Theodora Leventouri, Theodora Leventouri, (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Yigit, Erdem (author), Pella, Silvia (Thesis advisor), Theodora Leventouri, Theodora Leventouri, (Thesis advisor), Florida Atlantic University (Degree grantor), Department of Physics, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract: Dose uniformity in the Planning Target Volume (PTV) can induce a higher-than-expected dose distribution in the nearby critical organs. The goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of the Planning Target volume dose uniformity on the surrounding critical organs (OAR). Ten cases of anonymized patients’ data were selected for our study including: Breast cancer, Brain cancer, Head and Neck cancer, Lung and Prostate calculations of Conformity indices, Biological Effective Doses (BED), Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were used to calculate the dose distribution in PTV as well as the dose delivered to the surrounding critical organs of each PTV. We assume that the tumors PTVs have homogeneous density as well as the surrounding normal tissue. Conformity indices (CI) for Breast (PTV) are between 1.8 – 1.9, for Brain (PTV) are between 1.6 – 2.0, for Lungs are 1.5 – 1.6, for Prostate are between 0.4 – 0.5, for Head and Neck are 0.3 – 0.4. Dose uniformity in all the PTVs is 1.089 which is a good indication of the quality of treatment delivered to the tumor. TCP is averaging of value of 87.94 and NTCP is 3.4445., 2023, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Thesis (PSM)--Florida Atlantic University, 2023., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
Published: 2023

95. High-pressure studies of atomically thin van der Waals materials

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Pimenta Martins, Luiz G., Comin, Riccardo, Matos, Matheus J. S., Mazzoni, Mário S. C., Neves, Bernardo R. A., Yankowitz, Matthew, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Pimenta Martins, Luiz G., Comin, Riccardo, Matos, Matheus J. S., Mazzoni, Mário S. C., Neves, Bernardo R. A., and Yankowitz, Matthew
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their moiré superlattices represent a new frontier for quantum matter research due to the emergent properties associated with their reduced dimensionality and extreme tunability. The properties of these atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) materials have been extensively studied by tuning a number of external parameters such as temperature, electrostatic doping, magnetic field, and strain. However, so far pressure has been an under-explored tuning parameter in studies of these systems. The relative scarcity of high-pressure studies of atomically thin materials reflects the challenging nature of these experiments, but, concurrently, presents exciting opportunities for discovering a plethora of unexplored new phenomena. Here, we review ongoing efforts to study atomically thin vdW materials and heterostructures using a variety of high-pressure techniques, including diamond anvil cells, piston cylinder cells, and local scanning probes. We further address issues unique to 2D materials such as the influence of the substrate and the pressure medium and overview efforts to theoretically model the application of pressure in atomically thin materials.
Published: 2023

96. Design principles of 3D epigenetic memory systems

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Owen, Jeremy A., Osmanović, Dino, Mirny, Leonid, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Owen, Jeremy A., Osmanović, Dino, and Mirny, Leonid
Abstract: Cells remember their identities, in part, by using epigenetic marks—chemical modifications placed along the genome. How can mark patterns remain stable over cell generations despite their constant erosion by replication and other processes? We developed a theoretical model that reveals that three-dimensional (3D) genome organization can stabilize epigenetic memory as long as (i) there is a large density difference between chromatin compartments, (ii) modifying “reader-writer” enzymes spread marks in three dimensions, and (iii) the enzymes are limited in abundance relative to their histone substrates. Analogous to an associative memory that encodes memory in neuronal connectivity, mark patterns are encoded in a 3D network of chromosomal contacts. Our model provides a unified account of diverse observations and reveals a key role of 3D genome organization in epigenetic memory.
Published: 2023

97. Critical dynamics in biological Boolean networks follows from symmetric response to input genes

Author: Çoban, Hamza; Kabakçıoğlu, Alkan (ORCID 0000-0002-9831-3632 & YÖK ID 49854), Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Sciences, Department of Physics, Çoban, Hamza; Kabakçıoğlu, Alkan (ORCID 0000-0002-9831-3632 & YÖK ID 49854), Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering; College of Sciences, and Department of Physics
Abstract: A recent observation on an extensive collection of biological gene regulatory networks suggests that the regulatory dynamics is tuned to remain close to the order-chaos boundary in the Lyapunov sense [1]. We here investigate, from a mathematical perspective, the structural/functional constraints which give rise to such accumulation around criticality in these systems. While the role of canalizing functions in this respect is well established, we find that critical sensitivity to small input variations also follows from an over-abundance of symmetrical inputs, i.e. regulatory genes invoking identical or complementary responses on their common target. A random network ensemble constructed to have the same distribution of symmetric inputs as in the above collection of biological networks captures the dependence of the sensitivity on mean activity bias, a nontrivial characteristic which the canalizing ensemble fails to fully reproduce., NA
Published: 2023

98. On the role of initial coherence in the spin phase-space entropy production rate

Author: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür Esat (ORCID 0000-0002-9134-3951 & YÖK ID 1674), Zicari, Giorgio; Çakmak, Barış; Paternostro, Mauro, College of Sciences, Department of Physics, Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür Esat (ORCID 0000-0002-9134-3951 & YÖK ID 1674), Zicari, Giorgio; Çakmak, Barış; Paternostro, Mauro, College of Sciences, and Department of Physics
Abstract: Recent studies have pointed out the intrinsic dependence of figures of merit of thermodynamic relevance—such as work, heat and entropy production—on the amount of quantum coherences that is made available to a system. However, whether coherences hinder or enhance the value taken by such quantifiers of thermodynamic performance is yet to be ascertained. We show that, when considering entropy production generated in a process taking a finite-size bipartite quantum system out of equilibrium through local non-unitary channels, no general monotonicity relationship exists between the entropy production and degree of quantum coherence in the state of the system. A direct correspondence between such quantities can be retrieved when considering specific forms of open-system dynamics applied to suitably chosen initial states. Our results call for a systematic study of the role of genuine quantum features in the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum processes., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; Horizon Europe; FET-Open project TEQ; EIC Pathfinder project QuCoM; Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant UltraQuTe; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK); BAGEP Award of the Science Academy; We acknowledge discussions with Matteo Brunelli in the early development of the problem. G Z and B Ç are grateful to Steve Campbell for hospitality within his group at University College Dublin during the final stages of this project. The Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship (RSWF/R3/183013), the UK EPSRC (Grant EP/T028424/1) and the Department for the Economy Northern Ireland under the US-Ireland R&D Partnership Programme.
Published: 2023

99. Microbially promoted calcite precipitation in the pelagic redoxcline: Elucidating the formation of the turbid layer

Author: Leberecht, Kerstin M., Ritter, Simon M., Lapp, Christian J., Klose, Lukas, Eschenröder, Julian, Scholz, Christian, Kühnel, Sebastian, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang, Kletzin, Arnulf, Isenbeck‐Schröter, Margot, Gescher, Johannes, 1 Institute of Technical Microbiology Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany, 2 Institute of Earth Sciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany, 3 Department of Physics & Earth Sciences Jacobs University Bremen Bremen Germany, 5 Department of Biology, Microbiology, and Sulfur Biochemistry and Microbial Bioenergetics Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
Subjects: microbially induced calcite precipitation, Chemoautotrophic Growth, redoxcline, Biowissenschaften, Biologie [570], Sulfides, sulfide oxidation, chemolithoautotrophy, Calcium Carbonate, biogeochemistry, ddc:570, ddc:551.9, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ddc:600, Technik [600], Oxidation-Reduction, Sulfur, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Large bell‐shaped calcite formations called “Hells Bells” were discovered underwater in the stratified cenote El Zapote on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Together with these extraordinary speleothems, divers found a white, cloudy turbid layer into which some Hells Bells partially extend. Here, we address the central question if the formation of the turbid layer could be based on microbial activity, more specifically, on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling of the microbial community in the turbid layer, which overlaps with the pelagic redoxcline in the cenote, revealed chemolithoautotrophic Hydrogenophilales and unclassified β‐Proteobacteria as the metabolic key players. Bioinformatic and hydrogeochemical data suggest chemolithoautotrophic oxidation of sulfide to zero‐valent sulfur catalyzed by denitrifying organisms due to oxygen deficiency. Incomplete sulfide oxidation via nitrate reduction and chemolithoautotrophy are both proton‐consuming processes, which increase the pH in the redoxcline favoring authigenic calcite precipitation and may contribute to Hells Bells growth. The observed mechanism of microbially induced calcite precipitation is potentially applicable to many other stagnant sulfate‐rich water bodies., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, CONACYT‐FONCICYT‐DADC, https://doi.org/10.11588/data/TMYLWS, https://doi.org/10.11588/data/GYLDH5
Published: 2022
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100. Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

Author: Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Tumasyan Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Armenia A., Vienna, Adam, Austria W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Blöch, D., Chatterjee, S., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Frühwirth1, R., Hinger, V., Jeitler1, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck1, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Steininger, H., Templ, S., Waltenberger, W., Wulz1 Institute for Nuclear Problems, C. -E., Minsk, Chekhovsky, Belarus V., Litomin, A., Makarenko Universiteit Antwerpen, V., Antwerpen, Beaumont, Belgium W., Darwish2, M. R., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, T., Kello3, T., Lelek, A., Rejeb Sfar, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Putte, S., Van Remortel Vrije Universiteit Brussel, N., Brussel, Blekman, Belgium F., Bols, E. S., D’Hondt, J., Delcourt, M., El Faham, H., Lowette, S., Moortgat, S., Morton, A., Muller, D., Sahasransu, A. R., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Van Mulders Université Libre de Bruxelles, P., Bruxelles, Allard, Belgium Y., Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Deng, W., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Hohov, D., Kalsi, A. K., Khalilzadeh, A., Lee, K., Mahdavikhorrami, M., Makarenko, I., Moureaux, L., Pétré, L., Popov, A., Postiau, N., Robert, F., Song, Z., Starling, E., Thomas, L., Vanden Bemden, M., Vander Velde, C., Vanlaer, P., Vannerom, D., Wezenbeek, L., Yang Ghent University, Y., Ghent, Cornelis, Belgium T., Dobur, D., Knolle, J., Lambrecht, L., Mestdach, G., Niedziela, M., Roskas, C., Samalan, A., Skovpen, K., Tytgat, M., Ver- massen, B., Vit Université Catholique de Louvain, M., Louvain-la-Neuve, Benecke, Belgium A., Bethani, A., Bruno, G., Bury, F., Caputo, C., David, P., Deblaere, A., Delaere, C., Donertas, I. S., Giammanco, A., Jaffel, K., Jain, Sa., Lemaitre, V., Mondal, K., Prisciandaro, J., Szilasi, N., Taliercio, A., Teklishyn, M., Tran, T. T., Vischia, P., Wertz Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, S., Rio de Janeiro, Alves, Brazil G. A., Hensel, C., Moraes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, A., Aldá Júnior, Brazil W. L., Alves Gallo Pereira, M., Barroso Ferreira Filho, M., Brandao Malbouisson, H., Carvalho, W., Chinellato4, J., Da Costa, E. M., Da Silveira5, G. G., De Jesus Damiao, D., Fonseca De Souza, S., Matos Figueiredo, D., Mora Herrera, C., Mota Amarilo, K., Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Rebello Teles, P., Santoro, A., Silva Do Amaral, S. M., Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Torres Da Silva De Araujo6, F., Vilela Pereira Universidade Estadual Paulista (a), A., Universidade Federal do ABC (b), São, Paulo, Bernardes5, Brazil C. A., Calligaris, L., Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R., Gre- gores, E. M., Lemos, D. S., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., and Methods in Physics Research, Sandra S. Padula 36 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Aleksandrov, Bulgaria A., Antchev, G., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov University of Sofia, G., Dimitrov, Bulgaria A., Ivanov, T., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov Beihang University, A., Beijing, Cheng, China T., Javaid7, T., Mittal, M., Wang3, H., Yuan Department of Physics, L., Tsinghua, University, Ahmad, China M., Bauer, G., Dozen8, C., Hu, Z., Martins9, J., Wang, Y., Yi10, K., 11 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chapon, China E., Chen7, G. M., Chen7, H. S., Chen, M., Iemmi, F., Kapoor, A., Leggat, D., Liao, H., Liu7, Z. -A., Milosevic, V., Monti, F., Sharma, R., Tao, J., Thomas-Wilsker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, J., Peking Uni- versity, Agapitos, China A., An, Y., Ban, Y., Chen, C., Levin, A., Li, Q., Lyu, X., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Xiao Sun Yat-Sen University, Q. Wang12 J., Guangzhou, China M., Lu, You Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Z., Shanghai, Gao3, China X., Okawa Zhejiang University, H., Hangzhou, China, Zhejiang, Lin, China Z., Xiao Universidad de Los Andes, M., Bogota, Avila, Colombia C., Cabrera, A., Florez, C., Fraga Universidad de Antioquia, J., Medellin, Mejia Guisao, Colombia J., Ramirez, F., Ruiz Alvarez, J. D., Salazar González University of Split, C. A., Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Naval Architecture, Split, Giljanovic, Croatia D., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Puljak University of Split, I., Faculty of Science, Antunovic, Croatia Z., Kovac, M., Sculac Institute Rudjer Boskovic, T., Zagreb, Brigljevic, Croatia V., Ferencek, D., Majumder, D., Mishra, S., Roguljic, M., Starodumov13, A., Susa University of Cyprus, T., Nicosia, Attikis, Cyprus A., Christoforou, K., Erodotou, E., Ioannou, A., Kole, G., Kolosova, M., Konstantinou, S., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Rykaczewski, H., Saka Charles University, H., Prague, Finger14, Czech Republic M., M. Finger Jr., 14, Kveton Escuela Politecnica Nacional, A., Quito, Ayala Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador E., Carrera Jarrin Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Ecuador E., Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Abdalla15, Egypt H., Assran16, Y., 17 Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum, University, El-, Fayoum, Mahmoud, Egypt M. A., Mohammed National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Y., Tallinn, Ahmed18, Estonia I., Bhowmik, S., Dewanjee, R. K., Ehataht, K., Kadastik, M., Nandan, S., Nielsen, C., Pata, J., Raidal, M., Tani, L., Veelken Department of Physics, C., University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Eerola, Finland P., Forthomme, L., Kirschenmann, H., Osterberg, K., Vouti- lainen Helsinki Institute of Physics, M., Bharthuar, Finland S., Brücken, E., Garcia, F., Havukainen, J., Kim, M. S., Kinnunen, R., Lampén, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Lotti, M., Martikainen, L., Myllymäki, M., Ott, J., Siikonen, H., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi Lappeenranta University of Technology, J., Lappeenranta, Luukka, Finland P., Petrow, H., Tuuva IRFU, T., Cea, Université, Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Amendola, France C., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Faure, J. L., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., Hamel de Monchenault, G., Jarry, P., Lenzi, B., Locci, E., Malcles, J., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Sahin, M. Ö., Savoy-Navarro19, A., Titov, M., Yu Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, G. B., Cnrs/in2p3, Ecole, Polytechnique, Insti- tut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, Ahuja, France S., Beaudette, F., Bonanomi, M., Buchot Perraguin, A., Busson, P., Cappati, A., Charlot, C., Davignon, O., Diab, B., Falmagne, G., Ghosh, S., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Hakimi, A., Kucher, I., Motta, J., Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Paganini, P., Rembser, J., Salerno, R., Sarkar, U., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Tarabini, A., Zabi, A., Zghiche Université de Strasbourg, A., Cnrs, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, Agram20, France J. -L., Andrea, J., Apparu, D., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Bourgatte, G., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E. C., Charles, L., Collard, C., Dangelser, E., Darej, D., Fontaine20, J. -C., Goerlach, U., Grimault, C., Gross, L., Haas, C., Krauth, M., Le Bihan, A. -C., Nibigira, E., Ollivier-henry, N., Silva Jiménez, E., Van Hove Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I ), P., Villeurbanne, Asilar, France E., Baulieu, G., Beauceron, S., Bernet, C., Boudoul, G., Camen, C., Caponetto, L., Carle, A., Chanon, N., Contardo, D., Dené, P., Depasse, P., Dupasquier, T., El Mamouni, H., Fay, J., Galbit, G., Gascon, S., Gouze- vitch, M., Ille, B., Laktineh, I. B., Lattaud, H., Lesauvage, A., Lethuillier, M., Lumb, N., Mirabito, L., Nodari, B., Perries, S., Shchablo, K., Sordini, V., Torterotot, L., Touquet, G., Vander Donckt, M., Viret Georgian Technical University, S., Tbilisi, Lomidze, Georgia I., Toriashvili21, T., Tsamalaidze14 RWTH Aachen University, Z., Physikalisches Institut, I., Aachen, Autermann, Germany C., Botta, V., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Kiesel, M. K., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Louis, D., Meuser, D., Pauls, A., Pierschel, G., Rauch, M. P., Röwert, N., Schomakers, C., Schulz, J., Teroerde, M., Wlochal RWTH Aachen University, M., Physikalisches Institut A, Iii., Dodonova, Ger- many A., Eliseev, D., Erdmann, M., Fackeldey, P., Fischer, B., Hebbeker, T., Hoepfner, K., Ivone, F., Mastrolorenzo, L., and Methods in Physics Research, M. 37 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Merschmeyer, Meyer, A., Mocellin, G., Mondal, S., Mukherjee, S., Noll, D., Novak, A., Pook, T., Pozdnyakov, A., Rath, Y., Reithler, H., Roemer, J., Schmidt, A., Schuler, S. C., Sharma, A., Vigilante, L., Wiedenbeck, S., Zaleski RWTH Aachen University, S., Physikalisches Institut B, Iii., Dziwok, Ger- many C., Flügge, G., Haj Ahmad22, W., Hlushchenko, O., Kress, T., Nowack, A., Pistone, C., Pooth, O., Roy, D., Sert, H., Stahl18, A., Ziemons, T., Zotz Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, A., Hamburg, Aarup Petersen, Germany H., Aldaya Martin, M., Asmuss, P., Baxter, S., Bayat- makou, M., Behnke, O., Bermúdez Martínez, A., Bertsche, D., Bhattacharya, S., Bin Anuar, A. A., Borras23, K., Brunner, D., Campbell, A., Cardini, A., Cheng, C., Colombina, F., Consuegra Rodríguez, S., Correia Silva, G., Danilov, V., De Silva, M., Didukh, L., Domínguez Damiani, D., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Estevez Banos, L. I., Filatov, O., Gallo24, E., Geiser, A., Giraldi, A., Grados Luyando, J. M., Grohsjean, A., Guthoff, M., Jafari25, A., Jomhari, N. Z., Jung, H., Kasem23, A., Kasemann, M., Kaveh, H., Kleinwort, C., Krücker, D., Lange, W., Lidrych, J., Lipka, K., Lohmann26, W., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A., Mendizabal Morentin, M., Metwally, J., Meyer, A. B., Meyer, M., Mittag, G., Mnich, J., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Otarid, Y., Pérez Adán, D., Pitzl, D., Raspereza, A., Reichelt, O., Ribeiro Lopes, B., Rübenach, J., Saggio, A., Saibel, A., Savitskyi, M., Scham27, M., Scheurer, V., Schütze, P., Schwanenberger24, C., Shchedrolosiev, M., Shevchenko, R., Sosa Ricardo, R. E., Stafford, D., Stever, R., Tonon, N., Van De Klundert, M., Velyka, A., Walsh, R., Walter, D., Wen, Y., Wichmann, K., Wiens, L., Wissing, C., Wuchterl, S., Zuber University of Hamburg, A., Aggleton, Germany R., Albrecht, S., Bein, S., Benato, L., Biskop, H., Buhmann, P., Connor, P., De Leo, K., Eich, M., Feindt, F., Fröhlich, A., Garbers, C., Garutti, E., Gunnellini, P., Hajheidari, M., Haller, J., Hinzmann, A., Jabusch, H. R., Kasieczka, G., Klanner, R., Kogler, R., Kramer, T., Kutzner, V., Lange, J., Lange, T., Lobanov, A., Malara, A., Martens, S., Mrowietz, M., Niemeyer, C. E. N., Nigamova, A., Nissan, Y., Pena Rodriguez, K. J., Rieger, O., Schleper, P., Schröder, M., Schwandt, J., Sonneveld, J., Stadie, H., Steinbrück, G., Tews, A., Vormwald, B., Wellhausen, J., Zoi Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, I., Karlsruhe, Ardila-Perez, Germany L. E., Balzer, M., Barvich, T., Bechtel, J., Blank, T., Brom- mer, S., Burkart, M., Butz, E., Caselle, M., Caspart, R., Chwalek, T., De Boer†, W., Dierlamm, A., Droll, A., El Morabit, K., Faltermann, N., Giffels, M., Gosewisch, J. o., Gottmann, A., Hartmann18, F., Heidecker, C., Husemann, U., Keicher, P., Koppenhofer, R., Maier, S., Metzler, M., Mitra, S., Müller, Th., Neufeld, M., Neukum, M., Nürnberg, A., Quast, G., Rabbertz, K., Rauser, J., Sander, O., Savoiu, D., Schell, D., Schnepf, M., Seith, D., Shvetsov, I., Simonis, H. 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R., Wang, C., Xie, S., Zhang, Z., Zhu Carnegie Mellon University, R. Y., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Alison, USA J., An, S., Andrews, M. B., Bryant, P., Ferguson, T., Harilal, A., Liu, C., Mudholkar, T., Paulini, M., Sanchez, A., Terrill University of Colorado Boulder, W., Boulder, Colorado, Cumalat, USA J. P., Ford, W. T., Hassani, A., Macdonald, E., Patel, R., Perloff, A., Savard, C., Stenson, K., Ulmer, K. A., Wagner Cornell University, S. R., Ithaca, New, York, Alexander, USA J., Bright-Thonney, S., Cheng, Y., Cranshaw, D. J., Fan, J., Hogan, S., Lantz, S., Monroy, J., Padilla Fuentes, Y., Patterson, J. R., Quach, D., Reichert, J., Reid, M., Riley, D., Ryd, A., Smolenski, K., Strohman, C., Sun, W., Thom, J., Wittich, P., Zou Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, R., Batavia, Illinois, Albrow, USA M., Alyari, M., Apollinari, G., Apresyan, A., Apyan, A., Bakshi, A., Banerjee, S., Bauerdick, L. A. T., Berry, D., Berryhill, J., Bhat, P. C., Burkett, K., Butler, D., Butler, J. 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D., Teodorescu, L., Zahid Baylor University, S., Waco, Texas, Abdullin, USA S., Brinkerhoff, A., Caraway, B., Dittmann, J., Hatakeyama, K., Kanuganti, A. R., Mcmaster, B., Pastika, N., Saunders, M., Sawant, S., Sutantawibul, C., Wilson Catholic University of America, J., Washington, Dc, Bartek, USA R., Dominguez, A., Uniyal, R., Vargas Hernandez The University of Alabama, A. M., Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Buccilli, USA A., Cooper, S. I., Di Croce, D., Gleyzer, S. V., Henderson, C., Perez, C. U., Rumerio90, P., West Boston University, C., Boston, Massachusetts, Akpinar, USA A., Albert, A., Arcaro, D., Cosby, C., Demiragli, Z., Fontanesi, E., Gastler, D., Hazen, E., May, S., Peck, A., Rohlf, J., Salyer, K., Sperka, D., Spitzbart, D., Suarez, I., Tsatsos, A., Yuan, S., Zou Brown University, D., Providence, Rhode, Island, Benelli, USA G., Burkle, B., Coubez23, X., Cutts, D., Hadley, M., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hogan91, J. M., Honma, A., Korotkov, A., Kwon, T., Landsberg, G., Lau, K. T., Li, D., Lukasik, M., Luo, J., Narain, M., Pervan, N., Sagir92, S., Simpson, F., Spencer, E., Usai, E., Wong, W. Y., Yan, X., Yu, D., Zhang University of California, W., Davis, Davis, Bonilla, USA J., Brainerd, C., Breedon, R., Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M., and Methods in Physics Research, 42 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., Muthirakalayil Madhu, A 1037 (2022) 166795 A., Rawal, N., Rosenzweig, D., Rosenzweig, S., Rotter, J., Shi, K., Sturdy, J., Yigitbasi, E., Zuo Florida State University, X., Tallahassee, Florida, Adams, USA T., Askew, A., Habibullah, R., Hagopian, V., Johnson, K. F., Khurana, R., Kolberg, T., Martinez, G., Prosper, H., Schiber, C., Viazlo, O., Yohay, R., Zhang Florida Institute of Technology, J., Melbourne, Florida, Baarmand, USA M. M., Butalla, S., Elkafrawy93, T., Hohlmann, M., Kumar Verma, R., Noonan, D., Rahmani, M., Yumiceva University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), F., Chicago, Illinois, Adams, USA M. R., Becerril Gonzalez, H., Cavanaugh, R., Chen, X., Dittmer, S., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, O., Gerber, C. E., Hangal, D. A., Hofman, D. J., Merrit, A. H., Mills, C., Oh, G., Roy, T., Rudrabhatla, S., Tonjes, M. B., Varelas, N., Viinikainen, J., Wang, X., Wu, Z., Ye, Z., Yoo The University of Iowa, J., Iowa, City, Iowa, Alhusseini, USA M., Dilsiz94, K., Durgut, S., Gandrajula, R. P., Koseyan, O. K., Merlo, J. -P., Mestvirishvili95, A., Nachtman, J., Ogul96, H., Onel, Y., Penzo, A., Rude, C., Snyder, C., Tiras97 Johns Hopkins University, E., Baltimore, Maryland, Amram, USA O., Blumenfeld, B., Corcodilos, L., Davis, J., De Havenon, V., Eminizer, M., Feingold, J., Gritsan, A. V., Kang, L., Kyriacou, S., Maksi- movic, P., Martin, C., Roskes, J., Sullivan, K., Swartz, M., Vámi, T. Á., You The University of Kansas, C., Lawrence, Kansas, Abreu, USA A., Anguiano, J., Baldenegro Barrera, C., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Bylinkin, A., Flowers, Z., Isidori, T., Khalil, S., King, J., Krintiras, G., Kropivnitskaya, A., Lazarovits, M., Lindsey, C., Marquez, J., Minafra, N., Murray, M., Nickel, M., Rogan, C., Royon, C., Salvatico, R., Sanders, S., Schmitz, E., Smith, C., Tapia Takaki, J. D., Wang, Q., Warner, Z., Williams, J., Wilson Kansas State University, G., Manhattan, Kansas, Duric, USA S., Ivanov, A., Kaadze, K., Kim, D., Maravin, Y., Mitchell, T., Modak, A., Nam, K., Taylor Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, R., Livermore, California, Rebassoo, USA F., Wright University of Maryland, D., College, Park, Maryland, Adams, USA E., Baden, A., Baron, O., Belloni, A., Eno, S. C., Hadley, N. J., Jabeen, S., Kellogg, R. G., Koeth, T., Mignerey, A. C., Nabili, S., Palmer, C., Seidel, M., Skuja, A., Wang, L., Wong Massachusetts Institute of Technology, K., Cambridge, Massachusetts, Abercrombie, USA D., Andreassi, G., Bi, R., Brandt, S., Busza, W., Cali, I. A., D’Alfonso, M., Eysermans, J., Freer, C., Gomez Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., Harris, P., Hu, M., Klute, M., Kovalskyi, D., Krupa, J., Lee, Y. -J., Mironov, C., Paus, C., Rankin, D., Roland, C., Roland, G., Shi, Z., Stephans, G. S. F., Wang, Z., Wyslouch University of Minnesota, B., Minneapolis, Minnesota, Chatterjee, USA R. M., Evans, A., Hansen, P., Hiltbrand, J., Jain, Sh., Krohn, M., Kubota, Y., Mans, J., Revering, M., Rusack, R., Saradhy, R., Schroeder, N., Strobbe, N., Wadud University of Mississippi, M. A., Oxford, Mississippi, Acosta, USA J. G., Cremaldi, L. M., Oliveros, S., Perera, L., Summers† University of Nebraska-Lincoln, D., Lincoln, Nebraska, Avdeeva, USA E., Bloom, K., Bryson, M., Claes, D. R., Fangmeier, C., Finco, L., Golf, F., Joo, C., Kravchenko, I., Meier, F., Musich, M., Reed, I., Siado, J. E., Snow†, G. R., Tabb, W., Yan, F., Zecchinelli State University of New York at Buffalo, A. G., Buffalo, Agarwal, USA G., Bandyopadhyay, H., Hay, L., Iashvili, I., Kharchilava, A., Mclean, C., Nguyen, D., Pekkanen, J., Rappoccio, S., Williams Northeastern University, A., Alverson, USA G., Barberis, E., Haddad, Y., Hortiangtham, A., Li, J., Madi- gan, G., Marzocchi, B., Morse, D. M., Nguyen, V., Orimoto, T., Parker, A., Skinnari, L., Tishelman-Charny, A., Wamorkar, T., Wang, B., Wisecarver, A., Wood Northwestern University, D., Evanston, Illinois, Bhattacharya, USA S., Bueghly, J., Chen, Z., Gilbert, A., Gunter, T., Hahn, K. A., Liu, Y., Odell, N., Schmitt, M. H., Sung, K., Velasco University of Notre Dame, M., Notre, Dame, Indiana, Band, USA R., Bucci, R., Das, A., Dev, N., Goldouzian, R., Hildreth, M., Hurtado Anampa, K., Jessop, C., Lannon, K., Lawrence, J., Loukas, N., Lut- ton, D., Marinelli, N., Mcalister, I., Mccauley, T., Mcgrady, C., Mohrman, K., Musienko52, Y., Ruchti, R., Siddireddy, P., Townsend, A., Wayne, M., Wightman, A., Zarucki, M., Zygala The Ohio State University, L., Columbus, Ohio, Bylsma, USA B., Cardwell, B., Durkin, L. S., Francis, B., Hill, C., Nunez Ornelas, M., Wei, K., Winer, B. L., Yates Princeton University, B. R., Princeton, New, Jersey, Addesa, USA F. M., Bonham, B., Das, P., Dezoort, G., Elmer, P., Frankenthal, A., Greenberg, B., Haubrich, N., Higginbotham, S., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kopp, G., Kwan, S., Lange, D., Marlow, D., Mei, K., Ojalvo, I., Olsen, J., Stickland, D., Tully University of Puerto Rico, C., Mayaguez, Puerto, Rico, Malik, USA S., Norberg, S., Ramirez Vargas Purdue University, J. E., West, Lafayette, Bakshi, USA A. S., Barnes, V. E., Chawla, R., Das, S., Gutay, L., Jones, M., Jung, A. W., Karmarkar, S., Kondratyev, D., Koshy, A. M., Liu, M., Negro, G., Neumeister, N., Paspalaki, G., Piperov, S., Purohit, A., Schulte, J. F., Stojanovic19, M., Thieman, J., Wang, F., Xiao, R., Xie Purdue University Northwest, W., Hammond, Indiana, Dolen, USA J., Parashar Rice University, N., Houston, Texas, Baty, USA A., Decaro, M., Dildick, S., Ecklund, K. M., Freed, S., Gardner, P., Geurts, F. J. M., Li, W., Liu, H., Nussbaum, T., Padley, B. P., Redjimi, R., Shi, W., Stahl Leiton, A. G., Yang, S., Zhang, L., Zhang University of Rochester, Y., Rochester, Bodek, USA A., de Barbaro, P., Demina, R., Dulemba, J. L., Fallon, C., Ferbel, T., Galanti, M., Garcia-Bellido, A., Hindrichs, O., Khukhunaishvili, A., Ranken, E., Taus Rutgers, R., The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, Bartz, USA E., Chiarito, B., Chou, J. P., Gandrakota, A., Gershtein, Y., Halki- adakis, E., Hart, A., Heindl, M., Karacheban26, O., Laflotte, I., Lath, A., Montalvo, R., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Salur, S., Schnetzer, S., Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thayil, S. A., Thomas, S., Wang University of Tennessee, H., Knoxville, Tennessee, Acharya, USA H., Delannoy, A. G., Fiorendi, S., Spanier Texas A&, S., University, M, College, Station, Texas, Bouhali98, USA O., Dalchenko, M., Delgado, A., Eusebi, R., Gilmore, J., and Methods in Physics Research, T. 43 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Huang, Kamon99, T., Kim, H., Luo, S., Malhotra, S., Mueller, R., Overton, D., Rathjens, D., Safonov Texas Tech University, A., Lubbock, Texas, Akchurin, USA N., Damgov, J., Hegde, V., Kunori, S., Lamichhane, K., Mengke, T., Muthumuni, S., Peltola, T., Volobouev, I., Whitbeck Vanderbilt University, A., Nashville, Tennessee, Appelt, USA E., D’Angelo, P., Greene, S., Gurrola, A., Johns, W., Melo, A., Ni, H., Padeken, K., Romeo, F., Sheldon, P., Tuo, S., Velkovska University of Virginia, J., Charlottesville, Virginia, Arenton, USA M. W., Cox, B., Cummings, G., Hakala, J., Hirosky, R., Joyce, M., Ledovskoy, A., Li, A., Neu, C., Perez Lara, C. E., Tannenwald, B., White, S., Wolfe Wayne State University, E., Detroit, Michigan, Poudyal University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA N., Madison, Wi, Wisconsin, Black, USA K., Bose, T., Caillol, C., Dasu, S., De Bruyn, I., Everaerts, P., Fienga, F., Galloni, C., He, H., Herndon, M., Hervé, A., Hussain, U., Lanaro, A., Loeliger, A., Loveless, R., Madhusudanan Sreekala, J., Mallampalli, A., Mohammadi, A., Pinna, D., Savin, A., Shang, V., Smith, W. H., Teague, D., Trembath-Reichert, S., Vetens 30 Also at Institute of Physics, W., Hungary 31 Also at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Hungary 32 Also at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Hungary 33 Also at Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary 34 Also at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India 35 Also at Institute of Physics, Khalsa College, India 36 Also at G. H. G., Punjab, India 37 Also at Shoolini University, Solan, India 38 Also at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India 39 Also at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India 40 Also at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), India 41 Also at Sharif University of Technology, Iran 42 Also at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran 43 Now at INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Italy 44 Also at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy 45 Also at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare, e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy 46 Also at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania 47 Also at Universita di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy 48 Also at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy 49 Also at Riga Technical University, Latvia 50 Also at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, y Tecnología, Mexico 51 Also at IRFU, France 52 Also at Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia 53 Now at National Research Nuclear University ‘Moscow Engineering Physics Institute’ (MEPhI), Russia 54 Also at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Petersburg Polytechnic University, Uzbekistan 55 Also at St., Petersburg, St., Russia 56 Also at University of Florida, USA 57 Also at Imperial College, Lebedev Physical Institute, United Kingdom 58 Also at P. N., Russia 59 Also at California Institute of Technology, USA 60 Also at INFN Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy, Padova, Italy 61 Also at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia 62 Also at Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Serbia 63 Also at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern, University, Sri, Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka 64 Also at INFN Sezione di Pavia, Università di Pavia, Italy 65 Also at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 66 Also at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzer- land 67 Also at Universität Zürich, Switzerland 68 Also at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austria 69 Also at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecyle-Vieux, France 70 Also at Şırnak University, Sirnak, Turkey 71 Also at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Turkey 72 Also at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey 73 Also at Piri Reis University, Turkey 74 Also at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey 75 Also at Ozyegin University, Turkey 76 Also at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 77 Also at Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey 78 Also at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey † Deceased, 1 Also at TU Wien, Wien, Austria, 2 Also at Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt 3 Also 4 Also 5 Also 6 Also 7 Also 8 Also, 9 Also 10 Also at Nanjing Normal University Department of Physics, Nanjing, China 11 Now at The University of Iowa, USA 12 Also at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Germany 13 Also at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I., Russia 14 Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia 15 Also at Cairo University, Egypt 16 Also at Suez University, Suez, Egypt 17 Now at British University in Egypt, Egypt 18 Also at CERN, Switzerland 19 Also at Purdue University, USA 20 Also at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France 21 Also at Tbilisi State University, Georgia 22 Also at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey 23 Also at RWTH Aachen University, Germany 24 Also at University of Hamburg, Germany 25 Also at Isfahan University of Technology, Iran 26 Also at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany 27 Also at Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany 28 Also at Physics Department, Assiut, University, Assiut, Egypt 29 Also at Karoly Robert Campus, Hungary at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto, Alegre, Brazil at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China at Department of Physics, China at UFMS, Nova, Andradina, and Methods in Physics Research, Brazil 44 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 79 Also at Marmara University, Turkey 80 Also at Milli Savunma University, Turkey 81 Also at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey 82 Also at Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey 83 Also at Hacettepe University, Turkey 84 Also at Istanbul University, - Cerrahpasa, Turkey 85 Also at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 86 Also at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom 87 Also at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom 88 Also at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom 89 Also at Monash University, Clayton, Australia 90 Also at Universitá di Torino, Torino, Italy 91 Also at Bethel University, Paul, St., Minneapolis, USA 92 Also at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 93 Also at Ain Shams University, Egypt 94 Also at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey 95 Also at Georgian Technical University, Georgia 96 Also at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey 97 Also at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 98 Also at Texas A, M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar 99 Also at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Universidad de Cantabria, CMS Collaboration, The CMS Collaboration, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, Belforte, S., Candelise, V., Casarsa, M., Cossutti, F., DA ROLD, A., DELLA RICCA, G., Sorrentino, G., Vazzoler, F., ET AL (the CMS, Collaboration), Tumasyan, A, Adam, W, Andrejkovic, JW, Bergauer, T, Bloch, D, Chatterjee, S, Dragicevic, M, Del Valle, AE, Fruwirth, R, Hinger, V, Jeitler, M, Krammer, N, Lechner, L, Liko, D, Mikulec, I, Paulitsch, P, Pitters, FM, Schieck, J, Schofbeck, R, Schwarz, D, Steininger, H, Templ, S, Waltenberger, W, Wulz, E, Chekhovsky, V, Litomin, A, Makarenko, V, Beaumont, W, Darwish, MR, De Wolf, EA, Janssen, T, Kello, T, Lelek, A, Sfar, HR, Van Mechelen, P, Van Putte, S, Van Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Bols, ES, D'Hondt, J, Delcourt, M, El Faham, H, Lowette, S, Moortgat, S, Morton, A, Muller, D, Sahasransu, AR, Tavernier, S, Van Doninck, W, Van Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Clerbaux, B, De Lentdecker, G, Deng, W, Favart, L, Grebenyuk, A, Hohov, D, Kalsi, AK, Khalilzadeh, A, Lee, K, Mahdavikhorrami, M, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Petre, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Starling, E, Thomas, L, Vanden Bemden, M, Vander Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wezenbeek, L, Yang, Y, Cornelis, T, Dobur, D, Knolle, J, Lambrecht, L, Mestdach, G, Niedziela, M, Roskas, C, Samalan, A, Skovpen, K, Tytgat, M, Vermassen, B, Vit, M, Benecke, A, Bethani, A, Bruno, G, Bury, F, Caputo, C, David, P, Deblaere, A, Delaere, C, Donertas, IS, Giammanco, A, Jaffel, K, Jain, S, Lemaitre, V, Mondal, K, Prisciandaro, J, Szilasi, N, Taliercio, A, Teklishyn, M, Tran, TT, Vischia, P, Wertz, S, Alves, GA, Hensel, C, Moraes, A, Alda, WL, Pereira, MAG, Ferreira, MB, Malbouisson, HB, Carvalho, W, Chinellato, J, Da Costa, EM, Da Silveira, GG, Damiao, DD, De Souza, SF, Figueiredo, DM, Herrera, CM, Amarilo, KM, Mundim, L, Nogima, H, Teles, PR, Santoro, A, Do Amaral, SMS, Sznajder, A, Thiel, M, De Araujo, FTD, Pereira, AV, Bernardes, CA, Calligaris, L, Tomei, TRFP, Gregores, EM, Lemos, DS, Mercadante, PG, Novaes, SF, Padula, SS, Aleksandrov, A, Antchev, G, Hadjiiska, R, Iaydjiev, P, Misheva, M, Rodozov, M, Shopova, M, Sultanov, G, Dimitrov, A, Ivanov, T, Litov, L, Pavlov, B, Petkov, P, Petrov, A, Cheng, T, Javaid, T, Mittal, M, Wang, H, Yuan, L, Ahmad, M, Bauer, G, Dozen, C, Hu, Z, Martins, J, Wang, Y, Yi, K, Chapon, E, Chen, GM, Chen, HS, Chen, M, Iemmi, F, Kapoor, A, Leggat, D, Liao, H, Liu, A, Milosevic, V, Monti, F, Sharma, R, Tao, J, Thomas-Wilsker, J, Wang, J, Zhang, H, Zhao, J, Agapitos, A, An, Y, Ban, Y, Chen, C, Levin, A, Li, Q, Lyu, X, Mao, Y, Qian, SJ, Wang, D, Wang, Q, Lu, M, You, Z, Gao, X, Okawa, H, Lin, Z, Xiao, M, Avila, C, Cabrera, A, Florez, C, Fraga, J, Guisao, JM, Ramirez, F, Alvarez, JDR, Gonzalez, CAS, Giljanovic, D, Godinovic, N, Lelas, D, Puljak, I, Antunovic, Z, Kovac, M, Sculac, T, Brigljevic, V, Ferencek, D, Majumder, D, Mishra, S, Roguljic, M, Starodumov, A, Susa, T, Attikis, A, Christoforou, K, Erodotou, E, Ioannou, A, Kole, G, Kolosova, M, Konstantinou, S, Mousa, J, Nicolaou, C, Ptochos, F, Razis, PA, Rykaczewski, H, Saka, H, Finger, M, Kveton, A, Ayala, E, Jarrin, EC, Abdalla, H, Assran, Y, Mahmoud, MA, Mohammed, Y, Ahmed, I, Bhowmik, S, Dewanjee, RK, Ehataht, K, Kadastik, M, Nandan, S, Nielsen, C, Pata, J, Raidal, M, Tani, L, Veelken, C, Eerola, P, Forthomme, L, Kirschenmann, H, Osterberg, K, Voutilainen, M, Bharthuar, S, Brucken, E, Garcia, F, Havukainen, J, Kim, MS, Kinnunen, R, Lampen, T, Lassila-Perini, K, Lehti, S, Linden, T, Lotti, M, Martikainen, L, Myllymaki, M, Ott, J, Siikonen, H, Tuominen, E, Tuominiemi, J, Luukka, P, Petrow, H, Tuuva, T, Amendola, C, 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Subjects: Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracker, Legacy reprocessing, measurement methods, tracking detector, alignment, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Physics, Particles & Fields, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, CMS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), tracking detector: alignment, Detector, Alignment, MillePede-II, HipPy, VERTEX, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, LHC, p p: scattering, p p: colliding beams, B: decay, tau: hadronic decay, interaction: gauge, interaction: model, transverse momentum: missing-energy, new physics: search for, mass spectrum: transverse, black hole: quantum, vector boson: mass, W': leptonic decay, sensitivity, leptoquark: coupling, CERN LHC Coll, leptoquark: mass: lower limit, anomaly, channel cross section: upper limit, effective field theory, Higgs, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, detector, alignment, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physics, Nuclear, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Engineering sciences. Technology, Particle Physics - Experiment, performance, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 530 Physics, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 10192 Physics Institute, 114 Physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, ddc:530, 3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMS, performance, Nuclear Science & Technology, numerical calculations, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 3105 Instrumentation, silicon, Physics and Astronomy, alignment [tracking detector], semiconductor detector
Abstract: The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015-2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1037, ISSN:0168-9002, ISSN:1872-9576
Published: 2022
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