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Aim In normal dental exams, dental anomalies are widespread. It may lead to occlusal, cosmetic, and functional problems. In this study, the prevalence and distribution of developmental dental abnormalities in a community of Egyptian children were studied. Patients and methods The average age of the sample was 7.5 years out of 2583 panoramic radiographs of kids between the ages of 6 and 12 that were analyzed, including 1110 boys and 1473 girls. The digital panoramic radiographs were examined by two experienced researchers in a standard manner and in good lighting for the following developmental anomalies: congenitally missing teeth, extra teeth, impaction, ectopic eruption, transposition, gemination, fusion, submerged, peg-shaped teeth, dilacerations, taurodontism, dens in dente (Dens Evaginatus), retained or early loss of primary teeth considering the chronological age of dental eruption, and any other anomalies. Results Two hundered sixty-six panoramic radiographs, or 10.3% of the study group, had at least one dental abnormality, while 2317, or 89.7%, had none. There was no significant difference between the sexes other than fusion, where the rate was higher in females than in males among the cases with dental anomalies. Of these cases, 57.14% were girls and 42.85% were boys. Supernumerary teeth were more common than congenitally lacking teeth (1.85 vs. 4.41%). Amelogenesis imperfect, transposition peg‑shaped and halted teeth, impacted teeth (1.5%), taurodontism (1.16%), root dilacerations (1.04%), amelogenesis imperfect, fusion (0.23%), and no cases of accessory roots and dentinogenesis imperfecta were found in this study. Conclusion Dental anomalies were often found in this Egyptian study population. Various dental abnormalities were found. Congenital missing was the most frequent anomaly, followed by extra teeth, impacted teeth, taurodontism, root dilatation, fusion, amelogenesis imperfecta, transposition peg‑shaped teeth, and arrested teeth, in that order. In this investigation, no instances of dentinogenesis imperfecta or accessory roots were found. Because of the high occurrence of developmental dental anomalies, it is imperative that their causes be better understood to provide better treatment, intervene earlier, and prevent future problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between palatally impacted maxillary canine (PIC) and anomalous upper lateral incisor. METHODOLOGY: This case control study was conducted on records of 60 participants (30 with PIC and 30 without). The inclusion criteria were participants without syndromes, palatal canine impaction (cases only), and age range from 12 to 30 year. Subjects with buccally impacted canine, history of previous orthodontic treatment and non-Pakistani nationals were excluded. Cases were those having PIC and controls were without PIC. Participant's OPG and periapical X-rays were used to diagnose PIC by horizontal parallax technique. Dental anomalies in upper lateral incisor were diagnosed by using casts and OPGs. Logistic regression and chi-square test was applied to determine association between PIC and anomalous upper lateral incisor. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 18.916 ± 4.3 years. The frequency of missing lateral incisor was higher in cases (n=3, 10%) than control (n=1, 3.3%). Similarly peg shape laterals was more in cases (n=4, 13.3%) than controls (n=2, 6.7%). However this association was not statistically significant (P=0.37). The odd of having anomalies in lateral incisor was 2.73 times higher in cases than controls but the results were not statistically significant (P=0.177). CONCLUSION: Though the frequency of anomalous maxillary lateral incisors is higher in participants with PIC than controls but this association was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in the genes involved in the production of type 1 collagen. OI is also known as brittle bone disease. Objective This study aims to describe the prevalence of dental anomalies (except dentinogenesis imperfecta) in individuals with OI, and compare the prevalence of dental anomalies between individuals with and without OI and between individuals with different types of OI. Search methods Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and gray literature were performed in October 2022. Selection criteria Observational studies (with or without a comparison group) that evaluated the prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with OI. Data collection and analysis: Data items were extracted by two authors. Quality assessment employing the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and meta-analyses was conducted. Results were provided in prevalence values and odds ratio (OR) / 95% confidence interval (CI). Strength of evidence was determined. Results Eighteen studies were included. Most prevalent dental anomalies in individuals with OI included pulp obliteration (46.4%), dental impaction (33.5%), dental impaction of second molars (27%), and tooth agenesis (23.9%). Individuals with OI type III/IV had 20.16-fold greater chance of exhibiting tooth discoloration in comparison with individuals with OI type I (CI: 1.10–370.98). In comparison with the group without OI, the individuals with OI had 6.90-fold greater chance of exhibiting dental impaction (CI: 1.54–31.00). High methodological quality was found in 47% of the studies. Strength of evidence was low or very low. Conclusions Pulp obliteration, dental impaction, and tooth agenesis were the most prevalent dental anomalies in the OI group. Individuals with OI were more likely to have dental impaction than individuals without OI. Individuals with OI type III/IV (severe-moderate) are more likely to have tooth discoloration than individuals with OI type I (mild).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of dental anomalies with different types of malocclusions and facial patterns. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the records of patients referred to the Orthodontics Department at 12–20 years of age were collected. The patients were classified into four types of malocclusion: Cl I, Cl II div 1, Cl II div 2, and Cl III, and three types of facial patterns: normal, long, and short. Fifteen dental anomalies were searched within the documents. The statistical analysis of data was performed with chi-squared and Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 602 patients evaluated in this study, 28.6% were males, and 71.4% were females. The prevalence of Cl I, Cl II div1, Cl II div 2, and Cl III was 58.3%, 28.7%, 5.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The normal facial pattern was most prevalent (47.2%), followed by the long facial pattern (41.4%) and short facial pattern (11.5%); 60.7% of the study population had at least one dental anomaly. Dilaceration was the most common anomaly (27.7%), followed by impaction (21.8%) and hypodontia (18.9%). Most dental anomalies were found in females, Cl II malocclusion, and long face samples. A statistically significant association was found between transposition and male gender (P = 0.006) and between short roots and Cl II malocclusion (P = 0.047). No significant association was found between dental anomalies and facial patterns. Conclusion: Significant associations were reported between transposition and male gender and between short roots and Cl II malocclusion. In our population, dilaceration was the most common dental anomaly.

Introduction: Early treatment of dental anomalies and oral/dental lesions can prevent maxillofacial abnormalities and other complications. Since in most cases these lesions are asymptomatic, they are often discovered randomly in different radiographic images. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidental findings on digital panoramic radiographs of referrals to Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Yazd Dental School. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1949 panoramic radiographs of patients referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology of Yazd Dental School in Apr 2019_ Apr 2020 were studied. Age, gender, type of lesion / anomaly, position and jaw involved were recorded in the study information form. Data analysis was performed via SPSS16 statistical software and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 2915 lesions / anomalies were diagnosed. The frequency of these lesions / anomalies was higher in men (57.5%), middle-aged people (48.6%), mandible (69.3%) and left side of the jaws (76.8%). There was a statistically significant difference in the presence of lesion / anomaly in terms of age, sex, side and jaw involved (P-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Considering the frequency of random findings in panoramic radiographs, it seems that this radiography is useful for detecting many lesions and dental anomalies in the initial examination of patients. It is recommended that dentists examine the radiographs more carefully.

Aim of the study: Knowledge of dental and skeletal malocclusions, genetic variations, and etiological factors that lead to their occurrence is of great importance for correct diagnosis and treatment plan. The aim of this paper was to determine if there is a relationship between the prevalence, distribution, and gender dimorphism of dental anomalies with skeletal malocclusions in the sagittal direction and growth patterns. Material and method: To realize the set goals, an electronic search of published studies on this issue was conducted through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The literature search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines with the following main eligibility criteria: only studies published in English and studies conducted in human populations. Results: Some dental anomalies preferentially associated with skeletal malocclusions have been found. The distribution in population and gender is different depending on the presence of genotype-phenotype correlation. Conclusion: There are a small number of studies in the world literature that examined the association of dental anomalies with sagittal skeletal malocclusions and the facial growth type. These studies indicate a positive correlation between the occurrence of dental anomalies, skeletal irregularities in the sagittal direction and growth type. In order to better shed light on this problem, it is necessary to carry out further research on this topic, which would contribute to determining a more precise diagnosis and predicting the orthodontic treatment in patients with various malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of a supernumerary tooth is one of the most common dental anomalies, and surgical treatment is often required to address this anomaly. Moreover, it may lead to malocclusion, and long-term follow-up is important to monitor its status. A 4-year-and-11-month-old boy was referred to our hospital for dental caries treatment. At 5 years and 5 months of age, a radiographic examination showed a supernumerary tooth (first supernumerary tooth) near the permanent maxillary left central incisor, and it was extracted 6 months later. Eighteen months after the extraction of the first supernumerary tooth, a new supernumerary tooth (second supernumerary tooth) was detected in the same region, which was extracted when the patient was aged seven years and seven months. Seven months later, another supernumerary tooth (third supernumerary tooth) was detected and extracted immediately. However, the permanent maxillary left central incisor did not erupt spontaneously even after 6 months. Therefore, surgical exposure was performed, and the central incisor erupted into the oral cavity. This report describes our experience with this patient with three metachronous supernumerary teeth and their management until the eruption of the permanent tooth. This report highlights the importance of long-term follow-up after supernumerary tooth extraction until the permanent teeth in that region have erupted completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare syndrome of genetic etiology, commonly occasioned by mutations in the IRF6 gene and that causes disorders in craniofacial development. VWS is characterized by the presence of paramedian fistulas in the lower lip and cleft lip and / or cleft palate. Although some dental phenotypes have been reported in this syndrome, multiple and rare hypodontias were not described. Through this case report, we present a case of Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS) with rare and multiple hypodontia in which clinical data and radiographic exams were evaluated. The patient presented hypodontia of eight permanent teeth (lateral incisors, second premolars and second molars). So, when the dentist recognizes multiple and/or rare hypodontias, for an accurate diagnosis, detailed examination of the lower lip is indicated, as well as a survey of the family history and referral for genetic counseling, since the syndrome presents high penetrance. The patient is expected to be rehabilitated to have a good quality of life. Rehabilitation in these cases requires alveolar bone graft, orthodontics and prosthesis to replace missing teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and the distribution of dental anomalies in an Albanian orthodontic sample. Methods: For this retrospective study, a sample of panoramic radiographs (PR) of n. 779 (456 F and 323 M, mean age of 15.1 ± 5.5 years) Albanian subjects with no genetic syndromes or craniofacial malformations (e.g., cleft lip/palate), history of extraction, trauma or previous orthodontic treatment drawn from the archives of the University Dental Clinic Our Lady of Good Counsel, was examined. The inclusion criteria were: subjects from 8 to 30 years of age, good quality of PRs in order to allow the assessment of crown and root development. For different dental anomalies, both the prevalence and the association were evaluated by using Chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: 24.4% of the sample had at least one dental anomaly and 4.6% had more than one. The following dental anomalies were most prevalent: hypodontia (9.8%), dental impaction (7.6%), and ectopic eruption (5.3%). No statistically significant correlation was found between males and females (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The most common anomalies in this group are found to be those of number and position, and only radiological investigations can reveal either of these anomalies. Early diagnosis of dental anomalies can contribute to prevent their complications and to establish the most suitable therapy to achieve a functional occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: The assessment of the dimensions and morphology of the sella turcica (ST) is of significance for the detection of some pathological processes in the human body. The purpose of this study is to verify, through the analysis of data from the available literature, whether there is a connection between the morphological characteristics of ST and the occurrence of natal anomalies and skeletal irregularities in the sagittal direction, as well as to show whether there is a correlation between the abnormal forms of this structure and dental age. Material and method: To realize the overall research, an electronic search of published studies on this issue was conducted through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The literature search was done according to the PRISMA guidelines with the following main eligibility criteria: only studies published in English and studies throughout the human population. Results: Five different abnormal morphological variations of ST were determined, of which the most frequently represented type is sella turcica with bridging. In the literature, large differences in the normal characteristics of ST between different populations are encountered due to the use of different points and radiographic techniques. Conclusion: In the world literature, there are very few studies that examine the association of morphological characteristics of ST with the appearance of additional natal anomalies and skeletal malocclusions, as well as the correlation with dental age. The above studies indicate a positive correlation between abnormal forms of ST and the occurrence of dental anomalies and skeletal irregularities in the sagittal direction. In order to better shed light on this issue, it is necessary to conduct further research on this topic of obviously pathological conditions of the hipofisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:The aim of this systematic scoping review is to explore the data regarding dental anomalies related to oral clefts. Methodology:A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers focusing on all types of dental anomalies in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. A search string was developed and searched through the PubMed and Scopus database to identify the relevant articles. Identification for additional relevant studies was performed through a manual search of the reference lists of the selected articles. Each selected article was then qualitatively analyzed using Atlas's software. Results and Discussion: Eight studies that stated the prevalence of dental anomalies in CLP patients were included and no language restrictions were imposed. Despite lack of standardization in reporting, dental anomalies regarding the tooth form or shape, number of teeth, structural disturbances, and eruption sequence were noted. Conclusion:Among cleft group, agenesis was found as the most common dental anomaly with lateral incisor being most commonly involved. The use of standardized classifications and protocols to report cleft types and dental anomalies will be beneficial for clinicians and researchers for identification and better management of the conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate dental anomalies and the molecular etiology of a patient with Ellis–van Creveld syndrome and two patients with Bardet–Biedl syndrome, two examples of ciliopathies. Patients and Methods: Clinical examination, radiographic evaluation, whole exome sequencing, and Sanger direct sequencing were performed. Results: Patient 1 had Ellis–van Creveld syndrome with delayed dental development or tooth agenesis, and multiple frenula, the feature found only in patients with mutations in ciliary genes. A novel homozygous mutation in EVC2 (c.703G>C; p.Ala235Pro) was identified. Patient 2 had Bardet–Biedl syndrome with a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.389_390delAC; p.Asn130ThrfsTer4) in BBS7. Patient 3 had Bardet–Biedl syndrome and carried a heterozygous mutation (c.389_390delAC; p.Asn130ThrfsTer4) in BBS7 and a homozygous mutation in BBS2 (c.209G>A; p.Ser70Asn). Her clinical findings included global developmental delay, disproportionate short stature, myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, pyometra with vaginal atresia, bilateral hydronephrosis with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, bilateral genu valgus, post-axial polydactyly feet, and small and thin fingernails and toenails, tooth agenesis, microdontia, taurodontism, and impaired dentin formation. Conclusions: EVC2, BBS2, and BBS7 mutations found in our patients were implicated in malformation syndromes with dental anomalies including tooth agenesis, microdontia, taurodontism, and impaired dentin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric dentistry includes key subspecialties that deal with the diagnosis and treatment of dental abnormalities. These diseases range from having no teeth at all (anodontia) to having more teeth than one would typically have (hyperdontia). When referring to missing or absent teeth, some people may use the term "agenesis," which is the inability of all or a portion of an organ to form during embryonic growth. Some kinds of dental agenesis can be catastrophic and debilitating, resulting in a poor quality of life, even if minor cases may not even be discovered until later in life. The Medline, Pubmed, Embase, NCBI, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Incidence, etiology, and management options were analyzed. When detected and diagnosed early on, anodontia, hypodontia, and oligodontia typically have favorable treatment results. Different prosthodontic and restorative treatments are available, depending on the amount and quantity of lost teeth. Since severe hypodontia is frequently accompanied by syndromes, treating the condition must often come before treating the dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kabuki Syndrome is a rare genetic alteration of autosomal origin, known for five characteristics called Niikawa's Pentad: skeletal abnormalities, short stature, mild to moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities, facial dysmorphism, dermatoglyphic alterations, and postnatal growth deficiency.Case description: The present report aimed to highlight the main oral manifestations of Kabuki Syndrome in a nine-year-old patient, emphasizing the importance of a correct diagnosis and multidisciplinary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The ossified interclinoid ligament (ICL) represents the connection between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone and is associated with several dentofacial anomalies. Sella turcica is an important cephalometric landmark used in analysis as part of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ossification of the ICL and impaction of the upper canine/canines and to analyze the influence of age and gender to this association. PATIENTS AND METHODS: High-quality orthodontic images, lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms were selected. The study included 104 patients divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 52 patients with impacted upper/upper canines (15 males and 37 females) and the second group consisted of 52 patients without impaction (19 males and 33 females) as a control group. Chi-square test and regression analysis were used to analyze collected data. RESULTS: In the study group, 14 patients had an ossified ICL, while the control had 8. The results did not show a significant difference. Test values for ligament, gender and age were 2.075, 0.010 and 0.093 respectively, which is below the critical value and statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Based on the obtained data, the results of this study do not support a link between ossification of the ICL and impaction of upper canine/canines. For future research, it is recommended to use cone beam computed tomography images (CBCT) and expand the sample by including different dental anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This case report describes the restorative treatment process of a nonsyndromic unilateral peg-shaped left mandibular central incisor. Case presentation: A 23-year-old female patient was admitted for aesthetic concerns related to the appearance of the anterior mandible and a peg-shaped incisor. The color selection was done on clean, hydrated teeth. The teeth were roughened with a minimal red belt bur, a 37% phosphoric acid gel was applied to the enamel for 30 seconds, and the teeth were washed with water for 30 seconds to remove the acid agent. Following the application of a universal adhesive to the surface according to the manufacturer's instructions, the palatal and proximal walls were formed using a mylar strip and an A2B-colored resin composite. Then, polymerization of the restoration was completed using an incremental layering technique. After the removal of any excess restoration, low-speed finishing and polishing were done using aluminum oxide and flexible rubber polishing disks containing diamond particles. After the resin application, the treatment was completed. Conclusion: To achieve optimal results in the treatment of patients, restorative treatment can be recommended, considering the position and condition of the tooth. When choosing the most appropriate treatment for a patient, the advantages and limitations of each technique should be carefully explained, and the most conservative treatment should be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orofacial anomalies occur due to incomplete fusion of developmental lines in the head and neck region. Dental anomalies regarded as the most common orofacial anomalies either in isolated or syndromic forms arise due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic influences, consanguineous marriages are considered as a significant predisposition factor in the transmission of congenital defects and several autosomal recessive diseases from one generation to other with an increased risk of detrimental effects on offspring. Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and significant association between consanguinity and isolated dental anomalies with that of nonconsanguineous parents among south-Indian population. Methodology: A total of 116 participants with and without dental anomalies in isolated form pertaining to tooth size, shape, altered morphology, number and eruption were selected followed by brief case history. Participants with a positive history of consanguinity were categorized as Group A while others were categorized under Group B. Results: Sixty-four out of 116 participants (55.17%) showed positive consanguinity (Group A) among which 18 females (56%) and 14 males (44%) presented with isolated dental anomalies. 12 females (66.6%) and 9 males (64.2%) in Group A showed significance with first cousin (P = 0.00204) whereas no significance was observed in other consanguinity type (P = 0.7287). Nonetheless, the overall frequency of isolated dental anomalies was slightly higher in Group A than Group B that was statistically significant (P = 0.0213). Conclusion: A positive correlation between dental anomalies among offspring of consanguineous marriages revealed such prevalence may be attributed to increased risk of recessive deleterious gene expression or defective allele carried to offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and whethera significant association exists between dental anomalies and consanguinity marriage among Arabic orthodontic patients in Israel. Pretreatment panoramic radiographs of 513 patients (38% males and 62% females) were examined to detect dental anomalies related to number, size, shape, and eruption. A chi-square test was carried out to determine the associations between dental anomalies, gender, and consanguinity marriage. The results indicated that 29% of the subjects manifested at least one dental anomaly. Impacted tooth was found to be the most frequent dental anomaly, with a prevalence of 13.5%, whereas fusion and transmigration were found to be the least common, with a prevalence of 0.2% each. The prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly greater in males (p < 0.001) than in females. In our sample a significant association was found between dental anomalies and consanguinity marriage, and it was found to be greater in subjects with a family history of consanguinity marriage. This association can be attributed to the negative effects of consanguinity marriage, which was also reported in many studies in other fields. This study suggests that consanguinity marriage can be one of the factors involved in the development of dental anomalies in certain at-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes the management of a 6-year-old boy who presented with bilateral deciduous first molars (74 and 84) that contained accessory cusps, with tooth 74 also having three roots. Non-cavitated dentinal caries on both teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns, along with a personal and professional preventative oral health care regimen that included fluoride therapy and frequent recall. The case highlights the importance of performing a thorough investigation, acquiring a sound knowledge of tooth anomalies and root morphology, and demonstrating radiographic interpretation skills to allow for the identification of oral conditions and the development of diagnoses. In addition, the case also discusses factors to consider when developing a treatment plan aimed at improving a patient's treatment outcome and long-term prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal-progeroid syndrome known as Wiedemann Rautenstrauch syndrome (WRS) is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder. Neonatal progeroid disease characterized by progeroid appearance growth retardation, lipodystrophy, an unusual face (triangular shape, sparse hair, small mouth, macrocephaly, pointed jaw), thin skin, hard and thick joints and dental anomalies (newborn tooth; hypodontics). A 5-year-old boy case diagnosed with hypodontics is presented. In this case, a child prosthesis was performed to facilitate the nutrition of the patient and to increase the quality of life.

Background: Hypodontia of lateral incisors (LI) is frequently associated with other dental anomalies. The objective of this study was to determine the association of LI with other dental anomalies by comparing the two groups: Group 1 with hypodontia of the maxillary LI (MLI1) and Group 2 with hypodontia of the mandibular LI (MLI2), in secondary school education students in Kosovo. Methods and Results: A total of 3306 secondary school students aged 12-16 years, regardless of gender, were included in this prospective study. The abnormalities investigated were recorded by RTG-panoramic and dental charts. The teeth were recorded as a congenital absence when the mineralization of the crown, identified by panoramic tomography, was absent. The prevalence of LI hypodontia was as follows: MLI1 (Group 1) included 36 cases (92.3%) and MLI2 (Group 2) included only 3 cases (7.6%), which indicates a much higher percentage of cases with hypodontia of MLI1. In Group 1, 21(58.3%) cases of LI hypodontia were bilateral and 15(41.7%) unilateral; in Group 2, 2(66.7%) cases were unilateral and 1(33.3%) case – bilateral. Among dental anomalies, the occurrence of rotation was found in 19(48.7%) cases with LI hypodontia: 47.2% cases in Group 1 and 66.7% cases in Group 2. The prevalence of dental inclination anomaly was 30.77% of all cases with hypodontia of LI: 27.8% of cases in Group 1 and 66.7% of cases in Group 2. The prevalence of ectopy was in 17.9% of cases of all hypodontia cases of LI: 16.7% of cases in Group 1 and 33.3% of cases in Group 2. Crown anomalies were evident in 7(17.9%) patients of all hypodontia cases of LI, all of which were in Group 1. Other anomalies such as microdontia were evident in two patients in Group 1. Transposition, bodily movement, and superposition were present in one patient in Group 1; in Group 2, one patient had transposition. At the same time, the frequency of dental transposition was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P=0.02088). Other dental anomalies of crown and root and infraposition were not present in both groups. There were no significant differences in the other dental anomalies between the two groups. Conclusion: The consequences of hypodontia in dental arches are obvious. Knowing the prevalence of hypodontia and its association with other dental anomalies helps classify the need for further treatment for the patients, whether orthodontic, prosthetic, or surgical.

Zika virus congenital syndrome (ZVCS) is a congenital viral infection resulting from the transmission of the Zika virus (ZV) to the fetus during pregnancy. This report describes a clinical case involving a 20-month-old female child with ZVCS, who presented with systemic changes related to the syndrome, such as microcephaly, arthrogryposis, ocular and auditory changes, and oral changes such as delayed dental eruption, ogival (high-arched) palate, short lip frenum, and altered morphology of a superior primary incisor. For esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the oral health of this child, an indirect composite resin restoration was performed using intraoral digital scanning technology. This case presents an accurate, rapid, and comfortable restorative treatment option that might result in excellent outcomes in children with ZVCS or similar syndromes with neurological impairment.

The development of tooth is a highly complex procedure and mastered by specific genetic programs. Genetic alterations, environmental factors, and developmental timing can disturb the execution of these programs, and result in various dental anomalies like hypodontia/oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth, which are commonly seen in our clinical practice. Advances in molecular research enabled the identification of various genes involved in the pathogenesis of dental anomalies. In the near future, it will help provide a more accurate diagnosis and biological-based treatment for these anomalies. In this article, we present the molecular phenomenon of tooth development and the genetics of various dental anomalies.

Currently, a significant proportion of children have dental anomalies (DA) and require orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is reduced due to the age-related characteristics of the child's psyche, which lengthens the time and affects the quality of the appointment.Objective: to assess the emotional state of children with DA aged 6–12 years.Patients and methods. To study the characteristics of the psychological state of children, 122 patients aged 6–12 years (44 boys and 78 girls, mean age 9 [7; 11] years) were examined and orthodontically treated. Children's complaints, the presence of tics and obsessive habits were assessed. The psychological state of the patients was assessed using the G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko anxiety level in children questionnaire. Causes and factors that increase anxiety at the reception were assessed using a questionnaire developed by the authors.Results and discussion. Aesthetic defect and speech disorders were the most frequent complaints among children aged 6–12 years with DA (58 and 23%, respectively), especially among older girls (r=0.72). 91.2% of children had obsessive habits, 48% had motor tics. Three groups were distinguished: with low (59.0%), medium (19.7%) and high (21.3%) levels of anxiety. No significant associations were found between the anxiety level and gender, age, presence of tics and obsessive habits. Factors that increased anxiety in children during an orthodontist's appointment were: past personal negative experience at a dental appointment (in 27.0%); office environment (23.8%); negative experience of parents or peers (16.4%); frequent visits to medical institutions in the past (21.3%); family relations (11.5%). The most common anxiety causes were pain expectation and inexplicable fear, a little less often - unpleasant manipulations in the oral cavity and comments from the parent. The rarest cause of anxiety was a disapproving remark from an orthodontist.Conclusion. Children with DA aged 6–12 years have an increased anxiety level, independent of gender and age. These children require a special approach from the orthodontist and, possibly, a consultation with a psychotherapist.

Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of hypodontia, hyperdontia, invagination, impaction, dilacerations, peg-shaped lateral incisors, taurodontism and short or blunt and narrow or pipette-shaped roots in Croatian orthodontic patients. Material and methods: 506 orthopantomographs and study casts from 12-16 year-old orthodontic patients treated at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb were analyzed. Results: At least one dental anomaly was present in 24.1% of patients, and more than one in 1.2 % of them. The frequency was not significantly different between genders. Hypodontia was the most frequent anomaly with the incidence of 7.5 %, followed by teeth impaction with the incidence of 6.3 %. Conclusion: The distribution and the prevalence of anomalies were similar to those described in the general Croatian population.

Introduction: Patients with orofacial clefts are usually associated with various dental anomalies. These dental aberrations pose a clinical challenge in treatment planning. Thus, this investigation intends to find the prevalence rate of different types of dental anomalies and their correlation among nonsyndromic cleft patients. Methodology: Orthodontic records of 129 cleft patients classified into different cleft groups were assessed to evaluate the presence of different dental anomalies. Results: The most frequent dental anomaly found in Cleft patients was rotations followed by maxillary lateral incisor agenesis with a prevalence rate of 90.4% and 59.2%, respectively. Maxillary second premolar agenesis, peg-shaped laterals, mandibular second premolar agenesis, and supernumerary teeth showed prevalence rates as 25%, 21%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. There were significant differences in the overall distribution of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and rotations between patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Bilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate, Cleft Lip (CL), and Isolated Cleft Palate (ICP). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dental anomalies like rotations and maxillary lateral incisor agenesis in different CL and palate patients, which were statistically significant. The presence of such anomalies can deteriorate the already existing functional problem and hence, the study of these anomalies and their treatment is an important step in the rehabilitation of such patients.

The C-shaped configuration of the root and root canal system is an unusual anatomical variation in mandibular first and second premolars. It is categorised as a 'C' due to the transverse morphology of the root and the root canal. The main anatomical characteristic is the presence of an invagination groove caused by Hertwig epithelial sheath faults during root development. This case report describes the root canal treatment of a C-shaped configuration of a mandibular first premolar, identified by means of cone beam computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study aimed the evaluation of the prevalence, characteristics, types of dens invaginatus (DI) and co-observed dental anomalies to understand dental treatment requirements in anterior teeth that are susceptible to developmental anomalies by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. In this retrospective study, the anterior teeth of 958 patients were evaluated by using CBCT for the presence of DI. The demographic features, types of DI and treatment requirements were also recorded. The association between sex and the presence of DI was evaluated using chi-squared test. Results. Seventy-three DI anomalies were detected in the anterior teeth of 49 patients (18 females, 31 males). The frequency of DI was 5.11% and the most frequently involved teeth were lateral (57.53%). Forty-six teeth were classified as Type I (63.01%), 24 as Type II (32.87%), and three as Type III (4.10%). Apical pathosis was found to be 20.54% in all DIs detected and accounted for all Type III and one-third of Type II. Conclusions. CBCT imaging can be effective in the detection of dental anomalies such as DI and planning for root canal therapy and surgical treatments. Prophylactic interventions might be possible to prevent apical pathosis with the data obtained from CBCT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dental anomaly fused teeth is defined as the union of two or more teeth. Its aetiology is unclear; to date no studies have investigated its genetic background. Therefore, this study, on the basis of a hypothesised genetic component, investigated the genetic background of patients with fused teeth using whole exome sequencing. Fifteen individuals from six families, including members with and without fused teeth, provided saliva samples that were analysed using whole exome sequencing. Patients with other congenital diseases were excluded from this study. Rare variants were extracted from the sequencing data and filtered by family grouping to identify candidate variants. As a result, ERCC6, OBSCN, SLC27A3, and KIF25 were identified as candidate variants. Our sequencing analysis identified four candidate gene variants associated with fused teeth, which now require further investigation. A genetic basis for the anomaly appears likely. This may assist in understanding the aetiology of fused teeth, which in turn supports better oral care and treatment, as well as future regenerative medicine and gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the feasibility study was to construct deep learning models for the classification of multiple dental anomalies in panoramic radiographs. Panoramic radiographs with single supernumerary teeth and/or odontomas were considered the "case" group; panoramic radiographs with no dental anomalies were considered the "control" group. The dataset comprised 150 panoramic radiographs: 50 each of no dental anomalies, single supernumerary teeth, and odontomas. To classify the panoramic radiographs into case and control categories, we employed AlexNet, which is a convolutional neural network model. AlexNet was able to classify whole panoramic radiographs into two or three classes, according to the presence or absence of supernumerary teeth or odontomas. The performance metrics of the three-class classification were 70%, 70.8%, 70%, and 69.7% for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score, respectively, in the macro average. These results support the feasibility of using deep learning to detect multiple dental anomalies in panoramic radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A peg lateral is defined as the mesiodistal width shorter than cervical width of the tooth crown which is frequently seen in permanent maxillary lateral incisors. Peg shaped lateral incisors are considered as the reduced form of hypodontia trait. Over many years, literature has suggested that occurrence of peg laterals is associated with the same genetic mutation that causes agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors. Since lateral incisors being the anterior teeth pose a major role in aesthetics of the person's smile. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and gender distribution of peg lateral among the patients visiting saveetha dental college and hospitals. A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted using thes case records of patients who visited the aesthetics department in Saveetha Dental College and hospitals from June 2019 to March 2020. The selection was done by non probability sampling. Data was collected and then subjected to statistical analysis. 2,387 patients who reported to the esthetic department for esthetic correction of the anteriors were included in the study. Microsoft Excel 2016(Microsoft office 10) data spreadsheet was used and later exported to the statistical package for social science for windows(version 20.0 SPSS, Chicago III USA). The data was analysed through chi square. Out of 2,387 patients, 2.38% reported with peg laterals. Gender predilection shows that the peg laterals were slightly more prevalent in males(1.26%) than in females(1.13%) (p>0.05) and bilateral prevalence was most commonly present (1.51%). Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that peg lateral is moderately prevalent among the Chennai population. The findings of the current study can be used to create awareness among common people and dentists so that peg lateral cases can be reported at an early age and treated for a better aesthetic look. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Microdontia is a tooth size abnormality that indicates a smaller than normal tooth size, it can also be accompanied by deformities, namely with a cone or cone shape. The role of restoration in dentistry must fulfill various aspects, namely aesthetic needs and functions. This literature aims to provide information and an overview of the selection of the right treatment for patients with microdontia anatomical anomalies. Denture crown treatment is expected to meet consumer satisfaction in terms of aesthetics, phonation and mastication. Denture crowns or crowns can be made of several materials, namely metal, composite, acrylic and porcelain, besides a combination of the two materials such as metal-porcelain or what is often called porcelain fused to metal (PFM). PFM is used to restore severe tooth decay to protect the remaining tooth tissue structure, maintain occlusion and provide aesthetic value.

Abstract Background The median solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a rare malformative syndrome consisting of multiple defects, mainly found on the body midline. It can be correlated to the etiopathological and phenotypic pattern of panhypopituitarism. This case-report describes the rare case of a patient suffering from SMMCI and panhypopituitarism, showing an unusual craniofacial morphology. Case presentation From the cephalometric analysis, a skeletal class III was identified (despite the other cases described in literature described as skeletal class II), derived from hypomaxillia and mandibular protrusion. A convex lip profile, with tendency to mandibular hyper-divergency, airway patency, anterior and posterior cross-bite were observed. At the clinical examination, a maxillary cant was evident on the frontal plane that appeared asymmetric, with the prevalence of the third lower part of the face. There were some dysmorphic signs such as: small nose, rectilinear eyelid line and reduced interocular distance. Conclusions The present clinical case shows how, despite the literature, SMMCI can be associated with a III skeletal class, with maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular protrusion. The interdisciplinary collaboration between dentist and pediatrician is therefore important for the early interception of the malocclusions associated with these syndromes.

Background This study aimed the evaluation of the prevalence, characteristics, types of dens invaginatus (DI) and co-observed dental anomalies to understand dental treatment requirements in anterior teeth that are susceptible to developmental anomalies by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods In this retrospective study, the anterior teeth of 958 patients were evaluated by using CBCT for the presence of DI. The demographic features, types of DI and treatment requirements were also recorded. The association between sex and the presence of DI was evaluated using chi-squared test. Results Seventy-three DI anomalies were detected in the anterior teeth of 49 patients (18 females, 31 males). The frequency of DI was 5.11% and the most frequently involved teeth were lateral (57.53%). Forty-six teeth were classified as Type I (63.01%), 24 as Type II (32.87%), and three as Type III (4.10%). Apical pathosis was found to be 20.54% in all DIs detected and accounted for all Type III and one-third of Type II. Conclusions CBCT imaging can be effective in the detection of dental anomalies such as DI and planning for root canal therapy and surgical treatments. Prophylactic interventions might be possible to prevent apical pathosis with the data obtained from CBCT images.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of dental anomalies with different types of malocclusions and facial patterns. In this cross-sectional study, the records of patients referred to the Orthodontics Department at 12–20 years of age were collected. The patients were classified into four types of malocclusion: Cl I, Cl II div 1, Cl II div 2, and Cl III, and three types of facial patterns: normal, long, and short. Fifteen dental anomalies were searched within the documents. The statistical analysis of data was performed with chi-squared and Fisher's exact test. Among 602 patients evaluated in this study, 28.6% were males, and 71.4% were females. The prevalence of Cl I, Cl II div1, Cl II div 2, and Cl III was 58.3%, 28.7%, 5.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The normal facial pattern was most prevalent (47.2%), followed by the long facial pattern (41.4%) and short facial pattern (11.5%); 60.7% of the study population had at least one dental anomaly. Dilaceration was the most common anomaly (27.7%), followed by impaction (21.8%) and hypodontia (18.9%). Most dental anomalies were found in females, Cl II malocclusion, and long face samples. A statistically significant association was found between transposition and male gender (P = 0.006) and between short roots and Cl II malocclusion (P = 0.047). No significant association was found between dental anomalies and facial patterns. Significant associations were reported between transposition and male gender and between short roots and Cl II malocclusion. In our population, dilaceration was the most common dental anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between stress, family functioning, and molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Materials and Methods: A total of 162 children between the ages of 7 and 9 years were included in this retrospective study, as were their respective parents; the children were examined for MIH while questionnaires centering on stress and family functioning were given to the parents. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and independent samples T-test. Results: A significant correlation between stress as a contributing factor and MIH was concluded; children with higher stress scores had higher occurrences of MIH. On the contrary, family functioning quality was not found to have a direct correlation with MIH. Conclusions: Stress is correlated to MIH and is potentially one of the main causal factors that contribute to the development of the defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Molar incisor malformation (MIM) is a dental anomaly rendering first permanent molar pulps inflamed/necrotic at a young age. It often affects permanent incisors, primary second molars and less frequently other teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomy and histology of MIM in seeking insight into its pathogenesis. Methods: Five MIM first permanent molars were examined with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for 3D morphology, with scanning electron microscopy for microanatomy, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) for chemical composition and for histology with optical microscopy. Composition differences were statistically determined using one-way ANOVA. Results: Micro-CT confirmed dentin abnormalities in the middle and cervical third of the crown in the form of the radiodense 'cervical mineralized diaphragm' (CMD). This was peripherally intertwined with enamel fjords and projections severely disrupting the integrity of pulp chamber and its continuity with root canals. EDS showed increased Ca in CMD compared to dentin. The histological examination revealed anomalous osteodentin-like hard tissue with denticles in the CMD. Conclusion: An interconnection of anomalous cervical enamel with crown CMD dentin preceded to the severe pulp chamber and root dysplasias in MIM molar teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the prevalence of dental malformations and agenesis in patients who received or did not receive gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients: Review of patients born January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007, with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus, with or without clefting of the secondary palate, who received GPP and/or secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG). Patients were included if they had clinical images and dental radiographs available at ages 5 to 9 and 10 to 12 years. Ninety-four patients met the inclusion criteria; 46 treated with GPP, and 48 who did not receive GPP. Outcome Measures: Records were assessed for supernumerary, missing, and malformed teeth by a blinded examiner, and prevalence compared between groups using χ2 tests. Results: Cleft side lateral incisors were absent in 54% of GPP patients, compared to 50% in the no-GPP group. Two patients in the GPP group and 1 in the no-GPP group had supernumerary lateral incisors. Most lateral incisors were undersized or peg shaped in both the no-GPP (83.3%) and GPP (71.4%) groups. In the GPP group, 5 (10.9%) patients exhibited central incisor agenesis, and 3 had significant hypoplasia. In the no-GPP group, 4 (8.3%) patients exhibited central incisor agenesis, and 5 (10.5%) significant hypoplasia. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Gingivoperiosteoplasty was not associated with increased prevalence of dental malformation or agenesis. When performed appropriately, GPP is a safe treatment technique that does not increase the risk of dental anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the presurgical nasoalveolar molding appliance among infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: In this prospective study, 95 pairs of casts of infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated by presurgical nasoalveolar molding were selected at the Children's Hospital 1 at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The average time of treatment was 3 months. All casts were scanned and measured using 3-dimensional technology before and after treatment. Paired t tests were applied for comparisons. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the nostril height in cleft side (P <.001), decrease in the nostril width and columella angle (P <.001), and decrease in cleft width and midline deviation (P <.001) after treatment with presurgical nasoalveolar molding appliance. Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding appliance is effective in improving the morphology of nostril and maxillary alveolar. Understanding this helps orthodontists and surgeons in treatment outcome expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past twenty years, we documented striking non-lethal anomalies in the dentition of the common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) during field work in various parts of Germany. In 2019 we got knowledge of two bat nurslings (P. pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus) from the Rhine-Main area (Hesse, Germany) with ultimately fatal dental anomalies. The aberrations were documented with high-resolution X-ray techniques. Here we discuss our results in the context of published, but mostly minor and obvious non-lethal teeth anomalies in bats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique hard and resilient nature of human teeth makes them useful for various forensic odontological examinations. Structural alterations, cultural modifications, pathological variations, and restorative material make them excellent forensic indicators about biological identity of the unknown deceased or living individuals. Variations in the anatomical details of teeth may be imprinted by defective dental development, traumatic damages, pathologies, and nonmasticatory or weaponry use of teeth during an individual's lifetime. Such imprints can be used for comparisons and identification in forensic anthropology. Deliberate dental alterations/modifications and mutilations practiced due to cultural or esthetic purposes have been reported from some contemporary human population groups as well as from some ancient documented skeletal collections. Willful dental modifications have been most commonly done by filling, drilling, grooving, grinding, staining, and chipping. These dental features may be useful only for differentiation of varied anthropological populations, but their forensic utility cannot be ignored, particularly when antemortem dental records are available for comparisons. Various dental developmental anomalies and defects, restorations, pathological signatures, and occupational markers definitely corroborate other methods of forensic identifications, but cannot be used as sole criteria for individualization of unknown human remains retrieved in medicolegal scenarios. This review article attempts to glean information about various characteristic features of teeth and their forensic significance to aid identification of unknown human dental remains found in forensic contexts; its concluding emphasis focuses on the role of such dental individualities in identification strategies for human remains excavated from an abandoned ancient well situated underneath a religious structure at Ajnala (Amritsar), India. The unique dental features, extrinsic staining of anterior teeth, low frequency of dental pathologies, and notched incisors of those excavated remains were suggestive of them belonging to slain sepoys from an historic military regiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orofacial clefts (OC) represent some of the most common congenital malformations and affect multiple structures in the craniofacial region. There are a wide range of morphological OC types within the spectrum of both non‐syndromic OC (NSOC) and syndromic OC, including cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate, (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). Here, we describe the most frequent dental anomalies seen in the permanent dentition of individuals with NSOC, comparing them between the three main cleft types (CL, CLP, and CP). We present these findings from the perspective of prevalence relating to each anomaly, as well as the clinical characteristics and potential impact on the rehabilitation process. The investigation of dental anomalies associated with NSOC is important, helping to expand the phenotypic characterization of NSOC, improve the initial diagnostics, and establish appropriate rehabilitation and counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]