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This article aims to explore the integration of ChatGPT, an advanced conversational artificial intelligence model, in the field of dentistry. The review primarily consists of information related to the capabilities and functionalities of ChatGPT and how these abilities can aid dental professionals. This study includes data from research papers, case studies, and relevant literature on language models, as well as papers on dentistry, patient communication, dental education, and clinical decision-making. A systematic approach was used to select relevant studies and literature. The selection criteria focused on papers that specifically discussed the integration of language models, ChatGPT in particular, in dentistry and their applications. The study findings revealed that ChatGPT has significant potential to revolutionize dentistry by offering various applications and benefits. It can enhance patient engagement and understanding through personalized oral health information and guidance. In dental education, ChatGPT can provide interactive learning, case studies, and virtual patient simulations. ChatGPT can also assist researchers in analyzing dental literature, identifying patterns, and generating insights. Moreover, it supports dentists with evidence-based recommendations, treatment options, and diagnostic support. Integrating ChatGPT in dentistry can be highly beneficial, but it is crucial to address ethical considerations, accuracy, and privacy concerns. Responsible implementation and continuous improvement of its functionalities are necessary to ensure that patient care and outcomes are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the content of YouTube™ videos about composite laminate applications, one of the aesthetic dental applications. Methods: A systematic search was made on YouTube™ using the keywords ‘‘bonding-aesthetic filling’’ and ‘composite laminate. The information content of the eligible videos was assessed and categorized based on the uploaders. In addition, the interaction index and viewing rates of the videos were also examined. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program. Results: Out of 100 videos examined, 43 were related to “bonding-aesthetic filling,” and 29 to “composite laminate.” Key exclusion reasons included lack of explanation (31.6% for “bonding-aesthetic filling” and 62.0% for “composite laminate”). The content evaluation revealed that 62.8% of “bonding-aesthetic filling” videos and 60.7% of “composite laminate” videos were classified as poor content. Poor content videos had significantly higher viewing rates (2815.86±7413.00 views) compared to rich content videos (2770.37±5123.59 views) with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in interaction index scores between poor and rich content videos (p>0.05). Videos with poor content had more views and comments but shorter lengths and fewer likes than rich content videos. Specialist dentists and private clinics were the primary upload sources, with 36.6% of poor content videos coming from healthcare professionals and 33.3% of rich content videos from the same group. Conclusion: It was found that the majority of YouTube™ videos related to composite laminate were uploaded without any narrative and their informative content was insufficient. On the other hand, it was observed that as the scientific value of the videos decreased, their viewing rates increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the term used to describe a pathology (dysfunction and pain) in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). There is an apparent upward trend in the publication of dental research and a need to continually improve the quality of research. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the use of sample size and effect size calculations in a TMD randomised controlled trial. Methods: The period was restricted to the full 5 years, i.e., papers published in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. The filter article type—"Randomized Controlled Trial" was used. The studies were graded on a two-level scale: 0–1. In the case of 1, sample size (SS) and effect size (ES) were calculated. Results: In the entire study sample, SS was used in 58% of studies, while ES was used in 15% of studies. Conclusions: Quality should improve as research increases. One factor that influences quality is the level of statistics. SS and ES calculations provide a basis for understanding the results obtained by the authors. Access to formulas, online calculators and software facilitates these analyses. High-quality trials provide a solid foundation for medical progress, fostering the development of personalized therapies that provide more precise and effective treatment and increase patients' chances of recovery. Improving the quality of TMD research, and medical research in general, helps to increase public confidence in medical advances and raises the standard of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological improvements have introduced significant innovations in dentistry and broadened the array of tools and techniques in dental care. One technological development that has been widely researched over the past 20 years is the use of Near-Infrared Transillumination (NIRT) imaging for the diagnosis of dental caries. This paper aims to introduce a comprehensive collection of NIRT images, intended as a reference tool for routine dental examinations, dental research, pedagogical activities, and forensic odontology. The collection presents pairwise clinical and NIRT images categorized as follows: (a) healthy teeth, (b) carious teeth, (c) restored teeth, (d) enamel defects, and (e) diverse findings. This atlas could be a valuable tool for the dental community as it is designed as an identification guide of NIRT illustrated dental features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The root canal obturating material provides a three-dimensional fluid-impervious seal. Root canal sealers play a major role in providing a seal between the core material and the tooth for the long-term success of endodontic treatment. Aim: To evaluate the intratubular penetration and Bond Strength (BS) and push-out BS of AH Plus, GuttaFlow 2, and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Ranjeet Deshmukh Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from October 2019 to April 2021. A total of 75 human mandibular first premolars were decoronated at the Cemento-enamel Junction (CEJ) with a standardised length of 16 mm. The root canal was prepared using the crown-down technique with HyFlex Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) rotary files and divided into three groups: Group-I: AH Plus, Group-II: GuttaFlow 2, and Group-III: GuttaFlow Bioseal. 0.1% Rhodamine B dye was added to the sealer and obturated using the single cone technique. These samples were transversely sectioned into beams at the middle third of the root. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to evaluate the depth of sealer penetration in the dentinal tubule, and a Universal Testing Machine was utilised to measure the push-out BS (MPa). The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis {one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey's post-hoc test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient}. Results: The results obtained indicated that there was a significant difference in the depth of penetration and push-out BS of AH Plus and GuttaFlow 2 sealers (p <0.0001). However, there was no significant difference found between AH Plus and GuttaFlow Bioseal sealers (p=0.206). In addition, there was no significant difference in the correlation between intratubular penetration and push-out BS of the sealers (negative correlation). Conclusion: Considering the results, the GuttaFlow Bioseal sealer was found to have comparable clinical performance with AH Plus sealer; hence, it can be used as an acceptable root canal sealer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicians and researchers have traditionally worked in independent silos, with limited collaboration to rapidly translate discovery into clinical practice. At institutional level, hospitals and universities have also tended to work independently with limited success in leveraging each other's strengths with a view to improving population health. The consequences include fragmentation of clinical services, poor communication between researchers and clinicians, lengthy delays in identification of clinical problems requiring innovative solutions through research and a generation of clinicians who are not well equipped with all the skills to address future health needs. Academic Health Science Systems (AHSS) have been proposed as a mechanism for driving effective collaboration between academia and clinical services. There are examples of well established AHSS and the benefits have been articulated. In Singapore, three AHSS have been established over the past 15 years. National dental specialty centres and one dental school have been embedded in AHSS and have well established multi‐disciplinary collaboration across clinical and academic domains. The aim of this commentary is to describe the concept of an AHSS and some of the areas where dentistry in Singapore has been transformed by having key dental institutions embedded in an AHSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the clinical survival rates of 170 Morse taper implants through clinical and mechanical parameters in different therapeutic approaches such as single crowns, fixed partial prostheses, and fixed full-arch prostheses. Patients referred to the Center on Education and Research on Dental Implants from May 2017 to July 2018 with the indication for dental implant therapy, aged >18 years, without periodontal disease, recent evidence of inflammatory activity or other oral disorders, current pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or heavy smoking habit were included in this study. After 12 weeks of healing since the implants were placed in the mandible and after 16 weeks following implants placed in the maxilla, patients returned to the Center for prosthetic rehabilitation. After implant therapy, all patients underwent periodical, clinical, and prosthetic examinations every 6 months. Prosthetic restorations involved 109 fixed reconstructions in function. Few prosthetic complications were reported (6.55%). Twenty implants were rehabilitated with cemented prostheses; from those, 1 crown suffered a loss in retention/decementation. Of the 148 implants rehabilitated with screwed-retained prostheses, 6.76% suffered prosthetic screw loosening. The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.2%. When peri-implant tissue health was evaluated, the keratinized mucosa band appeared related to peri-implant tissue stability. Thus, Morse taper implants represented a successful procedure for implant rehabilitation, with a high cumulative implant survival rate, low prevalence of biological and prosthetic complications, and good stability of peri-implant tissues over the assessed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harold (Hal) C. Slavkin, DDS, the 22nd president of the American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research (1993 to 1994), died on December 22, 2023. During a career that spanned almost 6 decades, Hal distinguished himself as an international authority on craniofacial biology and an advocate for oral health equity. He served as dean of the University of Southern California's dental school, founded the school's Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, created the nation's first PhD program in craniofacial biology, and served as the sixth director of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Hal's studies of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of craniofacial malformations prepared him to champion translational research later in his career, when his work with patient advocates revealed the importance of applying new discoveries to clinical practice. A visionary thinker, skilled administrator, progressive educator, compelling communicator, researcher, scholar, and mentor, Hal was known as a Renaissance leader. He rejoiced in fostering collaborative synergies among people and organizations. Throughout his life, family was his central grounding force. He and his wife, Lois, advanced a wide range of social and community initiatives and took great pride in their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. We remember Hal for his indelible spirit, unflappable enthusiasm for science, fierce advocacy for social justice, and infectious zest for life. Here, we outline his multidimensional accomplishments through the lenses of academia, government, and nonprofit organizations. Although it is with heavy hearts that we bid goodbye to this remarkable man, our spirits are lightened by the many gifts he left behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Special needs dentistry (SND) is a vast and fragmented field of study. This comprehensive bibliometric analysis aimed to evaluate the scope of SND, including the existing knowledge base, distribution structure, quantitative relationships, and research trends. Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on March 10, 2022, using the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering the period from 1985 to 2021, focusing on studies reporting on special needs populations in a dentally relevant context. Records were title‐screened and analyzed for key bibliometric indicators. Results: Among 48,374 articles, 13,869 underwent bibliometric analysis. Peak SND research occurred during 1985–1997. United States led in productivity, trailed by Brazil and Japan. University of Sao Paulo excelled in Brazil, University of Washington and University of North Carolina in the United States. The Journal of Dental Research was the most productive source of research and also had the highest number of citations, followed by Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Keyword analysis revealed that "elderly", "caries", and "epidemiology" were the most commonly used author keywords. Conclusions: This study represents the first bibliometric analysis of SND literature. It emphasizes the need for increased collaboration between institutions and authors. Furthermore, it suggests focusing on research input from non‐dental disciplines and populations with rarer intellectual or developmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language disorders may interfere with social integration and affect personal development. Because the balance of the stomatognathic system can interfere with language, it is important for speech therapy and dentistry to work together, providing multidisciplinary healthcare. Aim: To analyze the 100 most frequently cited articles on language disorders in children and adolescents and assess the interplay with dentistry by means of a bibliometric analysis. Materials and Method: A search of the 100 most frequently cited articles up to December 2021 on language disorders was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four researchers extracted the data on number of citations, title, authors, country, year of publication, journals, study design, prevalent clinical conditions, and area of expertise. The analyses were performed using VOSviewer and Excel. Results: The total number of citations ranged from 251 to 1,431. Four articles were cited more than 1,000 times. Bishop DVM (10 articles; 3,653 citations) and Tomblin JD (10 articles; 4,261 citations) were the most frequently cited authors. The institutions with the largest number of publications were the University of Oxford/England (11%) and the University of Kansas/USA (8%). Observational study design was the most frequent (77%). Autism spectrum disorder (18%) and dyslexia (14%) were the most broadly investigated clinical conditions. Speech-language pathology (32%) was the area of expertise with the largest number of articles, and none of the top 100 studies showed interplay with dentistry. Conclusion: The 100 most widely cited articles on language disorders are mostly observational, mainly address autism spectrum disorder, and are in the field of speech-language pathology. No study reported interplay with dentistry. Os distúrbios de linguagem podem interferir na integração social e afetar o desenvolvimento dos indivíduos. O trabalho multidisciplinar entre fonoaudiologia e odontologia é muito importante para a promoção da saúde. O equilíbrio do sistema estomatognático interfere na linguagem. Objetivo: Analisar os 100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem em crianças e adolescentes e verificar a interação com a odontologia por meio de análise bibliométrica. Material e Método: Foi realizada uma busca pelos 100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem na base de dados Web of Science Core Collection até dezembro de 2021. Quatro pesquisadores extraíram os dados referentes a número de citações, título, autores, país, ano de publicação, periódicos, desenho de estudo, condições clínicas prevalentes e área de especialização. As análises foram realizadas utilizando VOSviewer e Excel. Resultados: O número total de citações variou de 251 a 1.431. Quatro artigos foram citados mais de 1.000 vezes. Bishop DVM (10 artigos; 3.653 citações) e Tomblin JD (10 artigos; 4.261 citações) foram os autores mais frequentemente citados. As instituições com maior número de publicações foram a Universidade de Oxford/Inglaterra (11%) e a Universidade de Kansas/EUA (8%). O desenho de estudo observacional foi o mais frequente (77%). O transtorno do espectro autista (18%) e a dislexia (14%) foram as condições clínicas mais amplamente investigadas. A Fonoaudiologia (32%) foi a área de atuação com maior número de artigos e nenhum estudo, entre os top 100, mostrou interação com a Odontologia. Conclusão: Os 100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem são em sua maioria observacionais, abordam principalmente transtornos do espectro do autismo e estão na área de fonoaudiologia. Nenhum estudo apresentou interação com a odontologia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective evaluation of halitosis utilizing numerical values is essential for accurate assessments. The halitosis analyzer Oral Chroma® (Nissha FIS, Inc) is widely employed due to costs, size, and ease of use to determine concentrations of the three major volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) of halitosis: hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide ((CH3)2S). This study investigated the relationships among VSCs and sensory evaluations of halitosis. Since April 2019, halitosis measurements have been conducted at Kanagawa Dental University hospital. In July 2019, sensory evaluation, positive vs negative perceived odor from the patients’ breath, was integrated into the process, with 18 cases recorded as of February 2021. This study, approved by Kanagawa Dental University Research Ethics Review Committee (Approval No.573), followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the anonymous study participants. Women comprised the majority (72%) of patients seeking halitosis treatment, especially those in their 40s (44%). Among correlations (Spearman’s rho) between concentrations of the VSCs, that between H2S and CH3SH was very strong (ρ 0.746, p<0.001), followed by CH3SH and (CH3)2S (ρ 0.648, p=0.004), then H2S and (CH3)2S (ρ 0.584, p=0.011). Sensory evaluation categorized participants into negative (n=9) and positive (n=9) groups, which were analyzed (Mann Whitney U-test) for differences in VSC concentrations. The positive group showed significantly higher concentrations of H2S (492 ppb vs. 126 ppb, p=0.002) and CH3SH (153 ppb vs. 69 ppb, p=0.008), but not (CH3)2S (19 ppb vs. 18 ppb, p=0.401). These results indicate strong agreement between the concentrations of VSCs measured by Oral Chroma® and patient categorization by sensory evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe successful implementation of the 2030 sustainable development Agenda in Africa requires active participation from all sectors, including the dental research sector. The aim of this study was to review dental research published by authors affiliated with institutions in African countries from 2016 to 2023, to map papers related to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and to identify areas of emphasis and gaps in SDGs-related papers on oral health in Africa.MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric analysis of dental literature in Africa (2016–2023) using Scival for performance analysis and VOSviewer for science mapping. The papers addressing and not addressing the SDGs were compared regarding impact, authorship metrics and key phrases. We identified the topic clusters with the greatest number of papers. The key phrase co-occurrence networks and the authors and countries collaboration networks were mapped.ResultsThere were 4,173 papers and 622 (14.9%) addressed the SDGs, especially SDG3. SDGs papers had greater impact and were more likely to be published in open access journals than non-SDGs papers. Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa had the greatest number of papers and citations. Four of the top ten authors were females. Most of the top ten journals were open access and only three were in quartile 1 (Q1) journals. Springer and Elsevier were the top publishers. The top research clusters addressed rehabilitative care including implants, endodontics, ceramics and zirconia. SDGs papers, however, addressed oral hygiene in caries prevention and to control systemic diseases. Collaboration networks were affected by geographic location and languages. Dental research in Africa is concentrated in three countries and mainly addresses rehabilitative care. SDGs papers had an impact above the global average and addressed prevention and non-communicable diseases.ConclusionsThere is minimal yet increasing contribution of African countries to the evidence on oral health and the SDGs. The focus is on a limited number of SDGs, and publications are from very few countries in Africa. There is a need to focus oral health-related SDGs research on addressing local problems.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of acidic solutions on the surface roughness (SR) and surface microhardness (SMH) of indirect restorative materials by analyzing in vivo and in vitro studies.Materials and Methods: Studies comparing the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analyses were conducted with a random-effects model at a significance level of P < .05 using Review Manager software (Cochrane Collaboration). The literature search was conducted using Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and the Cochrane Library, with no limitations on publication year.Results: Of the 1,097 potentially relevant studies, 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 16 articles were included in the systematic review, and 15 were included in the meta-analyses. The kappa score between the two reviewers was 0.80. The effects of erosion on ceramics, indirect composites, and hybrid ceramics were evaluated by immersion in or rinsing with acidic solutions (eg, hydrochloric acid [HCl], cola drinks, and juices). An increase in the SR (Ra values) (P < .00001; mean difference [MD] = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.06 to -0.03) and a decrease in the SMH (Vickers microhardness) (P < .00001; MD = 13.94; 95% CI = 12.33 to 15.55) were found after erosion. Subgroup analyses revealed that in vitro erosion led to significantly higher Ra values and lower VHN values than in vivo erosion; cola drinks and juices led to more surface degradation than HCl; and the SR and SMH of polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials remained unchanged after erosion.Conclusion: After acidic challenges, a significantly rougher and softened surface was found for indirect restorative materials. Among all the indirect restorative materials, PICN showed the best acid resistance. Nevertheless, the changes in the SR and SMH of indirect restorative materials after erosion detected in the present study were minor and may not have any clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different treatments applied to titanium implant abutment surfaces on the retention of implant-supported crowns retained using resin cement. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 titanium implant abutments were divided into six groups (n = 12 each) based on the selected surface treatment: (1) untreated; (2) sandblasted; (3) hydrogen peroxide-etched; (4) atmospheric plasma; (5) chemical mechanical polishing; and (6) titanium dioxide nanocoating. After the surface treatments, scanning electron microscopy analyses and roughness measurements of the abutment surfaces were performed. Then, 72 metal copings were fabricated and cemented onto the abutments with dual-curing resin cement. After the thermocycling process, crown retention was measured by using a universal testing machine. The experimental results were statistically evaluated with one-way analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference, and Tamhane T2 tests. Results: The highest surface roughness values were obtained in the sandblasted group (1.44 um), which also showed in the highest retention values (828.5 N), followed by the hydrogen peroxide etching group (490.7 N), the atmospheric plasma group (466.5 N), the chemical mechanical polishing group (410.8 N), and the control group (382.6 N). Conclusion: Sandblasting, hydrogen peroxide, etching, and atmospheric plasma treatments significantly increased crown retention, and all alternative treatments, with the exception of TiO2 nanocoating, worked better than the control samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes a new digital workflow for computer-assisted implant surgery in an edentulous patient using transitional implants to support a fixed surgical template and interim prosthesis. The accuracy of the final implant position using the described protocol was evaluated and compared to the outcomes obtained using other types of surgical templates. This novel digital approach appears to enhance the accuracy of implant positioning for edentulous patients and seems to be comparable to a tooth-supported surgical template. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To provide a 1-year assessment of friction-retention abutments used to retain a single lithium disilicate (LS2) monolithic restoration. Materials and Methods: A total of 522 implants were placed to treat a mandibular or a maxillary single-tooth premolar or molar edentulous site. Three types of implants were used. The tested abutments were connected 3 months after implant placement. A single pressed LS2 monolithic restoration was cemented to a dedicated titanium cap and engaged to the abutment without the use of screws or cement. Any complications affecting the restoration or the opposing dentition, any soft tissue dimensional changes, the distance between the implant platform and the bone peak, and pocket probing depths were recorded at the time of restoration placement (T0), after 6 months of function (T1), and after 1 year of function (T2). Esthetic, functional, and biologic parameters were recorded at T0 and T2. Results: A total of 507 patients (284 women and 223 men) received a restoration at T0, and 504 reached the 1-year follow-up at T2. One restoration fractured after 10 months in function. No statistically significant differences were seen in the soft tissue measurements or in the measurements of the distance between the supporting implant platform and the bone peak. None of the restorations detached during the observation period. Conclusion: The friction retention abutment is a viable option to retain an implantsupported monolithic LS2 glass-ceramic restoration in cases of premolar or molar single-tooth edentulism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the marginal gap and internal fit of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using intraoral vs extraoral scanning methods. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane database were searched. The focused PICO question was: For the fabrication of FDPs, does an intraoral scanning technique result in a different marginal gap than an extraoral scanning technique? The secondary outcome assessed was internal fit. Studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 14 studies (10 in vitro and 4 in vivo) were included in the meta-analysis. Marginal gap in single crowns was evaluated in 5 studies, copings for single crowns in 5 studies, three-unit FDPs in 3 studies, and both single-crown and three-unit FDPs in 1 study. Significantly lower marginal gap was found with intraoral scanning compared to impression scanning (P < .001) and cast scanning (P < .001), and for impression scanning compared to cast scanning (P = .037). Internal fit was superior with intraoral scanning compared to impression scanning, and this difference was significant (P < .001). No significant differences were found in internal fit with cast scanning compared to intraoral or impression scanning. The mean marginal gap/internal fit was 188.3 µm/146.2 µm with intraoral scanning, 116.29 µm/168.2 µm with impression scanning, and 195.1 µm/229.1 µm with cast scanning. Conclusion: Marginal gap was lower with intraoral scanning than with impression scanning and cast scanning. Impression scanning showed less marginal gap than cast scanning. Internal fit with intraoral scanning was superior to impression scanning, but when compared to cast scanning, no difference was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the influence of two preparation techniques on the microleakage, marginal fit, and cement thickness of lithium disilicate veneers. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 human maxillary central incisors were divided randomly into two groups according to preparation technique (n = 12 each): a minimally invasive preparation with a butt-joint design (0.3-mm depth) and a chamfer finish line (group MP); and no preparation (group NP). All teeth were restored with lithium disilicate veneers cemented with photopolymerizable resin cement. Specimens were aged thermally (6,000 cycles of 5°C to 55°C) and mechanically (100,000 cycles at 100 N, 4 Hz). Specimens were immersed in fuchsin dye for 24 hours using a standard dye penetration technique, then sectioned and evaluated under a stereomicroscope (×20 magnification). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < .05). Results: There was significant microleakage (P = .0163) at the cervical area compared to the proximal area. The marginal fit was similar, with no statistical difference (P = .212) between groups MP (153 ± 81 µm) and NP (111 ± 74 µm). Group MP showed a significantly (P = .006) reduced cement thickness at the cervical area (87 ± 27 µm) compared to group NP (210 ± 89 µm). Conclusion: Although the preparation technique was shown to influence the cement thickness, it did not show any influence on microleakage or marginal fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the influence of pristine matrix and O-ring dimensions on retention force and its reproducibility in single one-piece mini dental implants (MDIs) with ball patrices under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Three different matrix/O-ring combinations (MH1, MH2, and MH3) were evaluated (n = 50 measurements each) on 1.8-mm-diameter implants. The matrices were manually mounted on the implants and subsequently removed in a vertical linear manner using a metal pin with two strain gauges, which recorded the maximum force during disconnection. The O-rings were exchanged after five disconnections, and the mean retention force was calculated, resulting in a total of 50 values for each matrix/O-ring combination. Mean and SD retention forces with 95% CI were calculated. ANOVA was used to test the global difference, and post hoc pairwise comparisons were subsequently applied. The level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: ANOVA (global P < .0001) and pairwise comparisons (all P < .001) demonstrated statistically significant differences between the three different matrix/O-ring combinations with mean values of 5.18 N (MH 1), 6.73 (MH 2), and 9.08 (MH 3). Within each combination, retention force variations of > 1 N could not be demonstrated; ie, by exchanging O-rings, a similar retention force can be reestablished. Conclusion: Matrix and O-ring dimensions have a significant influence on retention forces in one-piece MDIs. Pristine O-rings demonstrated highly reproducible initial retention forces in all matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the load-to-failure values of different ceramic CAD/CAM implant crown materials with drilled screw-access holes with and without cyclic loading applied. Materials and Methods: Forty zirconia abutments with a titanium base were pre-loaded onto implants to support maxillary right first premolar crowns milled from four different CAD/CAM ceramic materials (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, hybrid ceramic, lithium disilicate, and zirconia; n = 10 each). After cementing the crowns, the screw-access channels were prepared by drilling through the occlusal surfaces. Half of the specimens were subjected to cyclic loading for 5 million cycles at 2 Hz (n = 5/material). After cyclic loading, vertical loads were applied until failure. The load-to-failure values of all crowns were recorded and statistically analyzed. Two-way ANOVA was used with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and Tukey-Kramer adjustments (α = .05). Results: During cyclic loading, the zirconia abutment under one lithium disilicate specimen cracked at 2 million cycles, and a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate crown also fractured. Results for the load-to-failure test series showed statistical differences between the materials. Zirconia resulted in significantly higher failure loads when compared to the other materials (P < .001). Cyclic loading did not significantly affect the load-to-failure values. Conclusion: Cyclic loading did not significantly influence the load to failure of any of the materials tested. Zirconia crowns with drilled screw access channels cemented on zirconia abutments with a titanium base had higher load-to-failure values compared to the other ceramic crown materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the minimum ceramic thickness needed to increase the lightness by one value by means of glass-ceramic restorations, as perceived by dental technicians, dentists, and laypersons. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 assessment pairs (= reference and test sample) were formed using glass-ceramic blocks in four different colors. Each assessment pair was comprised of two underground blocks differing by one value of lightness. On top of the underground blocks, glass-ceramic platelets were cemented in 5 different thicknesses (0.1 to 0.5 mm) in the same color as the reference. Dental technicians, dentists, and laypersons (n = 41/group) were asked to determine the presence of a color difference between the two samples under standardized light conditions. The threshold ceramic thickness was defined as the thickness at which = 50% of the evaluators were not able to perceive a difference within an assessment pair. The thresholds were analyzed, and groups were compared by applying chi-square test (P < .05). Results: The majority of dentists and dental technicians (> 50%) detected a lightness difference between test and reference samples up to a ceramic thickness of 0.5 mm. The majority of laypersons (= 50%) did not perceive lightness differences with ceramic thicknesses of 0.5 mm. If separated by the different color changes, the threshold ceramic thickness started at 0.4 mm and varied within the groups of evaluators and the lightness of the assessed color. Conclusions: A considerable number of evaluators perceived a lightness difference when minimally invasive ceramic restorations of 0.5-mm thickness were applied. The threshold ceramic thickness, however, was reduced when the lightness of the substrate was lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare patient adaptation to and satisfaction with new complete dentures fabricated via a duplication construction protocol (DCP) using two different occlusal schemes: bilateral balanced (BBO) and lingualized (LO). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 complete denture wearers who received replacement DCP dentures participated in this study. Of these, 10 participants received complete dentures with a BBO scheme, while the other 10 received DCP dentures with an LO scheme. All of them evaluated their prostheses subjectively through the Oral Health Impact Profile-20 (OHIP-20) and the Complete Denture Satisfaction (CDS) questionnaires before treatment and at 3- and 6-month posttreatment intervals. The new prostheses were also normatively evaluated by recording the location and number of sore spots present at the scheduled early adjustment visits. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests to identify differences in patient response both between groups and within each group at each evaluation interval (α = .05). Results: The within-group comparisons revealed statistically significant improvement for both denture groups (P < .05), while the between-group comparisons did not show statistically significant differences at the overall evaluation period (P > .05). Significant within-group differences were recorded in the pain, functional limitation, and psychologic disability domains of the OHIP-20 questionnaire, as well as the comfort, esthetics, and stability domains of the CDS questionnaire. Conclusion: Patient adaptation to and satisfaction with newly constructed DCP dentures improved significantly for both BBO and LO denture groups throughout the evaluation period. The mean number of early adjustment visits was equal for both the BBO and LO denture groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To measure the validity and reliability of two gingival shade guides used to represent in vivo gingival color in a Caucasian population sample. Materials and Methods: The CIELAB color space was used to study three gingival reference areas (the free gingival margin, the keratinized gingival body, and the upper part of the keratinized gingiva) in a sample of 259 Caucasian individuals. The color coordinates on the HeraCeram Gingiva and on the IPS d.SIGN physical gingival shade guides were collected to compare with the color coordinates taken in vivo. The coverage errors (CEs) of the two shade guides were calculated using the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas, and each area of the gingiva was compared with the 50:50% acceptability thresholds of ΔE* = 4.6 and ΔE00* = 4.1, respectively. The SpectroShade spectrophotometer was used. Results: IPS d.SIGN showed similar CEs in all three areas and, in all cases, surpassed the 50:50% acceptability threshold. In contrast, HeraCeram Gingiva had a lower CE in the free gingival margin than in the other two areas, and the CE remained below the 50:50% acceptability threshold only for ΔE00*. The HeraCeram Gingiva shade guide had overall CEs (ΔE* = 7.9 and ΔE00* = 5.6) that were significantly lower than obtained for the IPS d.SIGN guide (ΔE* = 9.2 and ΔE00* = 6.8). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were found in the CEs of both guides, both at the level of the three reference areas and at the global level. For both guides and in both genders, the global CEs calculated with the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas were below the literature data on 50:50% acceptability thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a clinician sees a patient with a complication, they often go through a Bayesian style of logic, most likely without even knowing it. They assess whether they have seen the complication before, provide an intervention based on historical knowledge of what leads to improvement, and then later assess how the intervention is performed. This process, which is routine in clinical practice, can be mathematically extended into an alternative way of performing statistical analyses to assess clinical research. However, this process is contrary to the most common statistical methods used in dental research: frequentist statistics. Though powerful, frequentist methods come with advantages and disadvantages. Bayesian statistics are an alternative method, one that mirrors how we as researchers think and process new information. In this primer, a walkthrough of Bayesian statistics is performed by constructing priors, defining the likelihood, and using the posterior result to draw conclusions on parameters of interest. The motivating example for this walkthrough was a Bayesian analog to logistic regression, fit using a simulated dental-related dataset of 50 patients who received a dental implant--classified as either within or outside normal limits--from practitioners who did or did not receive a training course in implant placement. The results of the Bayesian and traditional frequentist logistic regression models were compared, resulting in very similar conclusions regarding which parameters seemed to be strongly associated with the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Secondary healthcare data use has been increasing in the dental research field. The validity of the number of remaining teeth assessed from Japanese dental claims data has been reported in several studies, but has not been tested in the general population in Japan. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of the number of remaining teeth assessed from Japanese dental claims data and assess its predictability against subsequent health deterioration. Methods: We used the claims data of residents of a municipality that implemented oral health screening programs. Using the number of teeth in the screening records as the reference standard, we assessed the validity of the claims-based number of teeth by calculating the mean differences. In addition, we assessed the association between the claims-based number of teeth and pneumococcal disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults aged ≥65 years using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: Of the 10,154 participants, the mean number of teeth assessed from the claims data was 20.9, that in the screening records was 20.5, and their mean difference was 0.5. During the 3-year follow-up, PD or AD onset was observed in 10.4% (3,212/30,838) and 5.3% (1,589/30,207) of participants, respectively. Compared with participants with ≥20 teeth, those with 1–9 teeth had a 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.43) or 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04–1.36) times higher risk of developing PD or AD, respectively. Conclusion: High validity of the claims-based number of teeth was observed. In addition, the claims-based number of teeth was associated with the risk of PD and AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Most research in human dental age estimation has focused on point estimates of age, and most research on dental development theories has focused on morphology or eruption. Correlations between developing teeth using ordinal staging have received less attention. The effect of demographic variables on these correlations is unknown. I tested the effect of reference sample demographic variables on the residual correlation matrix using the lens of cooperative genetic interaction (CGI). Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of Moorrees et al., Journal of Dental Research, 1963, 42, 1490–1502, scores of left mandibular permanent teeth from panoramic radiographs of 880 London children 3–22.99 years of age stratified by year of age, sex, and Bangladeshi or European ancestry. A multivariate cumulative probit model was fit to each sex/ancestry group (n = 220), each sex or ancestry (n = 440), and all individuals (n = 880). Residual correlation matrices from nine reference sample configurations were compared using Bartlett's tests of between‐sample difference matrices against the identity matrix, hierarchical cluster analysis, and dendrogram cophenetic correlations. Results: Bartlett's test results were inconclusive. Cluster analysis showed clustering by tooth class, position within class, and developmental timing. Clustering patterns and dendrogram correlations showed similarity by sex but not ancestry. Discussion: Expectations of CGI were supported for developmental staging. This supports using CGI as a model for explaining patterns of variation within the dentition. Sex was found to produce consistent patterns of dental correlations, whereas ancestry did not. Clustering by timing of development supports phenotypic plasticity in the dentition and suggests shared environment over genetic ancestry to explain population differences. Research Highlights: Dental developmental correlations follow expectations of Cooperative Genetic Interaction theory.Patterning by timing of development supports phenotypic plasticity.Correlation patterns vary by sex but not ancestry: environment is more important than ancestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is one of the most widely used techniques in biomaterials research. In addition to imaging the materials of interest, SFM enables the mapping of mechanical properties and biological responses with sub-nanometer resolution and piconewton sensitivity. This review aims to give an overview of using the scanning force microscope (SFM) for investigations on dental materials. In particular, SFM-derived methods such as force–distance curves (scanning force spectroscopy), lateral force spectroscopy, and applications of the FluidFM® will be presented. In addition to the properties of dental materials, this paper reports the development of the pellicle by the interaction of biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides, as well as the interaction of bacteria with dental materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closure of an edentulous space with the orthodontic movement of adjacent teeth even if affected by severe loss of periodontal support is a treatment option nowadays supplanted by the implant-born crown substitution and periodontal regenerative/reconstructive therapy. Nevertheless it is important not to forget some fundamentals of dental research that still justify, even more when combined with the most recent innovations in the field of mucogingival surgery and guided tissue regeneration, the alternative of orthodontic space closure. The latter indeed represents a valuable alternative in many malocclusions complicated by lost maxillary incisors, first of all in the growing patients and when the gingival margins are visible during speech and smile. This article will outline crucial details about the orthodontic management of the reduced periodontal tissues in the pressure area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental pulp regeneration aims to restore the function and vitality of the dental pulp, which is the soft tissue inside the tooth. Research in this field is effective in trying to improve clinical practices and procedures. This study aimed to analyze the literature related to dental pulp regeneration and to create a documented research perspective for this field. Materials and Methods: This bibliometric study analyzes the research outputs of the subject area of dental pulp regeneration indexed in the Web of Science database between 2013 and 2023. SciMAT software was used to visualize and predict the trends in research on the topic. Results: In general, it has been observed that the stem cell cluster consistently had the highest number of articles across all periods.As we progressed through time, the significance of this cluster continued to grow, eventually becoming a crucial component in the motor theme during the last period. In addition, a significant portion of the studies conducted during different periods focused on identifying suitable materials for scaffold formation. Various materials, including polymers and bioactive glasses, were proposed as viable options for scaffold formation in different periods. Conclusion: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), scaffold networks, growth factors, and regulatory factors are the three main factors that influence dental pulp regeneration. By analyzing maps and thematic clusters in dental pulp regeneration research, as well as considering indicators such as repetition frequency, centrality, and citation of these clusters, researchers can identify the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in current research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ancient human dental calculus is a unique, nonrenewable biological resource encapsulating key information about the diets, lifestyles, and health conditions of past individuals and populations. With compounding calls its destructive analysis, it is imperative to refine the ways in which the scientific community documents, samples, and analyzes dental calculus so as to maximize its utility to the public and scientific community. Materials and Methods: Our research team conducted an IRB‐approved survey of dental calculus researchers with diverse academic backgrounds, research foci, and analytical specializations. Results: This survey reveals variation in how metadata is collected and utilized across different subdisciplines and highlights how these differences have profound implications for dental calculus research. Moreover, the survey suggests the need for more communication between those who excavate, curate, and analyze biomolecular data from dental calculus. Discussion: Challenges in cross‐disciplinary communication limit researchers' ability to effectively utilize samples in rigorous and reproducible ways. Specifically, the lack of standardized skeletal and dental metadata recording and contamination avoidance procedures hinder downstream anthropological applications, as well as the pursuit of broader paleodemographic and paleoepidemiological inquiries that rely on more complete information about the individuals sampled. To provide a path forward toward more ethical and standardized dental calculus sampling and documentation approaches, we review the current methods by which skeletal and dental metadata are recorded. We also describe trends in sampling and contamination‐control approaches. Finally, we use that information to suggest new guidelines for ancient dental calculus documentation and sampling strategies that will improve research practices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that involves an imbalance in the oral microbiota, activation of inflammatory and immune responses, and alveolar bone destruction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a versatile cytokine involved in several pathological reactions, including inflammatory processes and bone destruction, both of which are characteristics of periodontitis. While the roles of MIF in cancer and other immune diseases have been extensively characterized, its role in periodontitis remains inconclusive. Results: In this review, we describe a comprehensive analysis of the potential roles of MIF in periodontitis from the perspective of immune response and bone regulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, we discuss its potential reliability as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for periodontitis. Conclusion: This review can aid dental researchers and clinicians in understanding the current state of MIF‐related pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "Dental Traumatology research and education—Foundations for a better tomorrow," provides a collection of research articles on various topics related to dental trauma. The articles cover subjects such as the treatment and storage of avulsed permanent teeth, oral injuries in basketball, dental trauma education, educational materials for lay individuals, knowledge of dental trauma among laypeople, maxillofacial trauma epidemiology, tooth autotransplantation, and the impact of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines. The articles aim to provide valuable information for dental professionals, educators, and individuals seeking knowledge on dental trauma. [Extracted from the article]

The teaching practice research program was initiated by Taiwan's Ministry of Education in 2018 to improve medical teaching quality. This study analyzed dental teaching projects conducted under this program from 2018 to 2023. Data of submitted and approved medical (including dental) teaching projects from 2018 to 2023 were obtained from the annual reports released by the program committee. The annual passing rates were calculated by dividing the number of approved dental teaching projects by the total number of approved medical teaching projects in the category of medical and healthcare sciences in a particular year. The 24 approved dental teaching projects were reviewed, classified into different topics in the dental field, and then reported. There were 24 approved dental teaching projects out of a total of 822 approved medical teaching projects from 2018 to 2023. The annual passing rates increased gradually from 2018 (1.4 %) to 2022 (3.9 %) and 2023 (3.8 %) with an overall mean passing rate of 2.9 % over a period of 6 years. Of the 24 approved dental teaching projects, digital dentistry was the most common teaching research topic (9 projects), followed by new teaching models (7 projects), 3D technology (3 projects), endodontics (3 projects), dental histology (one project), and evidence-based method (one project). Digital dentistry and new teaching models were the two predominant dental teaching research topics, suggesting that both are the modern trends in the dental education. However, the dental teaching research projects are still very limited in 8 Taiwanese dental schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental age estimation is a crucial aspect and one of the ways to accomplish forensic age estimation, and imaging technology is an important technique for dental age estimation. In recent years, some studies have preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating dental development, providing a new perspective and possibility for the evaluation of dental development, suggesting that MRI is expected to be a safer and more accurate tool for dental age estimation. However, further research is essential to verify its accuracy and feasibility. This article reviews the current state, challenges and limitations of MRI in dental development and age estimation, offering reference for the research of dental age assessment based on MRI technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Facial appearance plays a significant role in the success of social interactions. There is a limited amount of evidence investigating the influence of combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment on the social judgments of lay people. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in facial appearance following orthognathic surgery alter the social judgements made by lay people. Ethical approval Ethical approval was granted from the University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry Research Ethics Committee on 17th August 2020 (Reference: 033775). Materials and methods This cross-sectional, web-based survey involved clinical photographs of six Caucasian female patients pre- and post-combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Three patients had a pre-treatment class 2 skeletal pattern, and three patients had a pre-treatment class 3 skeletal pattern. Staff and students at the University of Sheffield, UK were invited to evaluate five personality traits: (i) friendliness, (ii) intelligence, (iii) attractiveness, (iv) self-confidence, and (5) trustworthiness using a 5-point Likert scale. The trait scores were summed to obtain a total social judgement score, and a paired t -test was used to compare the total scores from pre- and post-treatment images. Results There were 261 responses to the survey of which 181 (75%) were completed fully. The total social judgement scores from after treatment images were higher compared with the pre-treatment images (mean diff 1.6; P <.001) indicating more positive social judgements. The improvements in perceived social judgments were more notable for class 3 patients (mean diff 2.7) compared to class 2 patients (mean diff 0.7). Conclusion Social judgement scores were higher (more positive) from post-treatment images of patient faces than their pre-treatment images. The findings highlight the possible indirect benefits combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment may have on an individual in a social setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal studies are a prerequisite for human clinical studies involving exposures to a new therapeutic approach to test the quality of observations and treatment outcomes. Owing to the possibility of studying periodontal diseases longitudinally on both cellular and molecular levels, animal models, despite their known shortcomings, are considered superior to other study models when providing information at the host level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the distinct proteomics profiles in dogs' oral biofluids enhances diagnostic and therapeutic insights for canine oral diseases, fostering cross-species translational research in dentistry and medicine. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the similarities and differences between the oral biofluids' proteomics profile of dogs with and without oral diseases. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with no restrictions on publication language or year to address the following focused question: "What is the proteome signature of healthy versus diseased (oral) dogs' biofluids?" Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the most abundant proteins were performed. Moreover, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted. The risk of bias (RoB) among the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Results: In healthy dogs, the proteomic analysis identified 5,451 proteins, with 137 being the most abundant, predominantly associated with 'innate immune response'. Dogs with oral diseases displayed 6,470 proteins, with distinct associations: 'defense response to bacterium' (periodontal diseases), 'negative regulation of transcription' (dental calculus), and 'positive regulation of transcription' (oral tumors). Clustering revealed significant protein clusters in each case, emphasizing the diverse molecular profiles in health and oral diseases. Only six studies were provided to the JBI tool, as they encompassed case-control evaluations that compared healthy dogs to dogs with oral disease(s). All included studies were found to have low RoB (high quality). Conclusion: Significant differences in the proteomics profiles of oral biofluids between dogs with and without oral diseases were found. The synergy of animal proteomics and bioinformatics offers a promising avenue for cross-species research, despite persistent challenges in result validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Understanding dental care in dogs has made remarkable progress in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the academic literature published in veterinary dentistry from 1990 to 2023. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using a scientometric approach and metadata from the Web of Science database. A search strategy adapted for this database was developed using MeSH and Emtree terms and the Boolean operators AND and OR. Using Bibliometrix, different metrics were evaluated to assess the scientific production of researchers and institutions and the impact of authors based on their publications. CiteSpace was also used for co-citation analysis and visualization of citation networks, trends, and patterns in this field of study over time. Results: The bibliometric study analyzed 211 documents from 50 different sources from 1990 to 2023, with an annual growth rate of 6.5%, covering the period 1990-2023. A total of 474 authors were identified, with an average of 2.82 coauthors per paper and 11.85% international coauthorships. The average age of the papers was 12.4 years and 4.55 citations per paper. The most common types of documents were articles (154 documents). Conclusion: Research in veterinary dentistry has shown steady growth from 1990 to 2023. Although there have been fluctuations in article production over the years, there has been a steady growth in article production in veterinary dentistry in general. The annual average number of citations per article has varied over the years, reaching 45 in 2015. However, the average number of citations per article has decreased significantly from 2021 to 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among different study techniques, which are used in dental research, measurements of teeth play one of the most important roles. However classical measurement techniques usually show consistent results on morphologically complete objects, while teeth can be found in different conditions, depending, for instance, on the natural wear degree. In order to increase the sample, which is especially important when findings are not abundant, and to improve the analytical part, alternative techniques have been proposed, among which cervical measurements are considered to be informative, especially taking into consideration morphological and methodological importance of the cervical area. Algorithms of automated digital measurement techniques also use the cervical area for providing stability of results. Visualisation of the tooth cervical margin and reconstruction of its projections can be achieved by two conventional imaging techniques, which are tomography (preferably high-resolution) and intra-oral confocal optical scanning. They both were used for obtaining 3D reconstruction of upper premolar taken from palaeoanthropological materials. In line with applying the same automated coordinate system setting algorithm to both types of reconstructions, contours of their enamel cervical margins were defined and their projections to horizontal plane were obtained and measured. Despite the fact that 3D reconstructions from different imaging sources technically can serve for running automated odontometry, measurement results, especially in comparative studies, should be handled with attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the winners of the 2024 Frechette Awards, which recognize new investigators in prosthodontics. The winners were Dr. Quang Van Nguyen for his research on enhancing bone regeneration and Dr. Edoardo Mancuso for his research on the effects of preparation designs on overlay restorations. The article also mentions the 2024 Neal Garrett Award, which was awarded to Dr. Gilan Youssef Altonbary for her research on CAD/CAM PEEK versus PMMA implant-overdenture. The article encourages researchers to apply for future awards and provides information on eligibility criteria and submission requirements. [Extracted from the article]

The article announces that Andrej M. Kiel Basa, professor of the Department of Operative Dentistry and Periondontology at the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany, has been granted the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) Distinguished Scienctist Award.

Aim: This study probed into the gender variation, subject dispersion and citation impact of dental research with an objective to highlight the increasing influence of female authors in the field of dentistry. Methodology: The research employed bibliometric techniques to highlight gender variation in dental research as demonstrated in the Saudi Dental Journal (SDJ), over a period of thirteen years, 2009–2021. The examination comprised SDJ publications indexed in PubMed, with citation data extracted from Google Scholar on July 2023. The analysis encompassed the progressive growth of papers, authors, and citations, the gender distribution of authors, the co-authorship structure, subject dispersion, and collaboration patterns based on affiliation, both national and international. Results: 625 SDJ publications were identified in the PubMed database from 2009 to 2021. There was a notable rise in the volume of papers and the number of authors per year. The citation impact analysis revealed that these 625 papers achieved an average of 26 citations each. Remarkably, the representation of female authors increased from 0.47 to 2.23 authors per paper during the study period. The authorship pattern largely showed single-authorship, closely followed by a three-author pattern. Almost half the papers (48%) were a collaboration between male and female authors, with female authors solely producing about 15% of papers.The topological classification of papers revealed that the most considerable number of papers were on Periodontics, with the least number focusing on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Female authors prominently contributed to Pediatric Dentistry and Periodontics papers. Conclusion: The study illustrates an encouraging trend of heightened female authorship in dental research over the years. Their increasing engagement not only enriches the academic diversity but also impacts the progressive evolution of dental science, contributing to a more inclusive and balanced society.

This article provides the foundation for employing nonparametric testing in dental clinical research. To make wise judgments in their research, investigators should learn more about the main nonparametric tests and their particular uses. Biostatistical analysis is essential in dental research; dental research frequently deviates from the assumptions that underpin traditional parametric statistics. Nonparametric statistics are useful for studies with small sample sizes, nominal- or ordinal-level data, and non-normally distributed variables. These statistical tests make no assumptions about the sampled population. Nonparametric tests are statistical methods based on signs and ranks. For dental research to be conducted effectively and accurately, statistical approaches must be applied correctly. Therefore, dental researchers must understand the many statistical methods at their disposal and know when to use them.

Purpose: The results of trials can inform health care decisions. However, this is dependent on both clear and transparent reporting. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality of split-mouth trials in implant dentistry in relation to the CONSORT extension checklist for reporting within-person randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: Split-mouth trials published between January 1, 1997, and September 30, 2020, were identified from four databases. Study characteristics at the level of each trial were extracted. Each trial was assessed against a 37-item checklist and assigned one of four categories. Descriptive statistics and the frequencies of the ratings per checklist item were calculated. A percentage score was calculated per study. Linear regression assessed associations between the aggregate score and the study characteristics. Results: Two hundred forty-four trials were analyzed. More than 50% of the RCTs were published between 2016 and 2020, were published in specialty journals (81.2%), and were interventional-type RCTs (98.4%). Generally, the reporting of checklist items was suboptimal in many areas. The reporting score was predicated by the number of authors (> 7 vs baseline [1 to 4] authors: β: 6.00; 1.48, 10.52; P = .01), authors' continent (Europe vs Americas: β: 5.30; 0.85, 9.74; P = .02), and the number of participants (per-unit increase: β: .07; 0.01, 0.12; P = .02). Conclusion: The reporting of split-mouth trials in implant dentistry seems to be suboptimal. The endorsement and adherence to the CONSORT extension for the within-person trials checklist by journal editors and investigators could improve reporting quality and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]